TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

HYDRAULICS ENGINEERING

LABORATORY EXERCISE NO.: 8

MEASUREMENT OF WATER JET IMPULSE

TITLE

GROUP NO.: 2
SECTION: CE42FB3-A1
GROUP LEADER: CANTINA, DENECILLE MAE F.
GROUP MEMBERS: CORPUZ, CLARENCE NOEL C.
BARCENAL, CARLOS HENRY U.

DATE PERFORMED: FEBRUARY 20, 2019

DATE SUBMITTED: FEBRUARY 27, 2019

GRADE

______ENGR. GERMAN BARLIS______

INSTRUCTOR
 ABSTRACT

The objectives of the exercise is to conduct an investigation into the reaction force
generated by the impact of a jet of water onto the target vane and to compare between
experimental (actual) and theoretical forces which are exerted by the jet. The procedure for this
experiment is to bring the weight cup in the initial position by applying weight when the flow rate
is varied. It can be possible to repeat the same experiment by changing different target vanes.
Moreover, the effect of different target vanes can be seen at a constant flow rate by changing
the type of target vanes and applying different amounts of weights to bring the weight cup in the
initial position. The vanes can be categorized into four geometries flat, inclined, spherical and
conical vanes. Experimental and theoretical forces and the percentage of error can be
calculated in this experiment. Here, the theoretical forces are depended upon weights applied
on the weight cup and the experimental forces are depended on flow rate, nozzle exit velocity,
impact velocity and shape of the vane.
PHOTOS OF SET-UP AND TESTING
 ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
AND RESULT

For this experiment, we tested the impulse of a water jet. In the set-up, a water jet is shot
upwards and hits a panel that will raise a meter which can be weighed down by a set of weights.
This is to determine if the force acting on the vane and the force of the plates (weights) will result
in equilibrium.

The actual force will be the weight of the weight scale where the weights are measured in
Newton. You can either manipulate the date by adding more weights on the scale or adjusting
the flow rate to get the scale to balance out. The formula to get the theoretical impact force of the
water jet is 𝑭 = 𝝆𝑸(𝑽𝟐 − 𝑽𝟏 ) where V can be taken from the formula Q = AV.

The students will be measuring at the same flow rate but they can alter the flow rate to
get the reading to balance to zero on the scale. The flow rate can be take from the meter of the
hydraulic bench.
 FINAL TABULATION OF DATA AND RESULT

TRIAL Dj V Q ρ Ft Fa
% Diff.
NOS. (cm) (m/s) (m3/s) (kg/m3) (N) (N)

1 1 8.19 6.44x10-4 984 10.38 10.4 0.19

2 1 8.042 6.315x10-4 984 9.995 10.4 3.89

3 1 8.49 6.66x10-4 984 11.14 11.5 3.1

4 1 7.91 6.21x10-4 984 9.67 10.22 5.4

5 1 8.84 6.94x10-4 984 12.08 12.5 3.36

6 1 11.11 8.73x10-4 984 12.81 12.5 2.32

CALCULATION
 CONCLUSION

We therefore conclude that you can measure the impact of a water jet using the force-
moment equation 𝑭 = 𝝆𝑸(𝑽𝟐 − 𝑽𝟏 ) where “F” is the force exerted by the water jet, "𝜌” is
the density of the water, “Q” is the flow rate of the water and “V” is the velocity of the water jet.
You can compare the result of the theoretical force with the actual force from the weights you
place at the top of the scale to balance out the force of the water jet. The only source of error
would be from either adjusting the amount of weights on the scale with small weights leading a
slight change in reading, or from adjusting the actual flow rate of the set-up.