Exam

Name___________________________________

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1) Which of the following is an advantage of using E. coli to make a human gene product? 1)
A) Endotoxin may be in the product.
B) It cannot process introns.
C) Its genes are well known.
D) It does not secrete most proteins.
E) Endotoxin may be in the product and it does not secrete most proteins.
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

2) Which of the following are used by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to track 2)
outbreaks of foodborne disease?
A) DNA fingerprints
B) restriction fragment length polymorphisms
C) reverse-transcriptase PCR (rtPCR)
D) DNA fingerprings and restriction fragment length polymorphisms
E) DNA fingerprings, restriction fragment length polymorphisms, and reverse-transcriptase
PCR(rtPCR)
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

3) Gene silencing blocks an undesirable product by 3)

A) making double-stranded RNA.
B) blocking transcription.
C) blocking DNA replication.
D) allosteric inhibition of an enzyme.
E) end-product repression.
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

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4) PCR can be used to identify an unknown bacterium because 4)
A) the RNA primer is specific.
B) DNA polymerase will replicate DNA.
C) DNA can be electrophoresed.
D) all cells have DNA.
E) all cells have RNA.
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

5) A restriction fragment is 5)
A) a segment of mRNA.
B) a segment of DNA.
C) cDNA.
D) a gene.
E) a segment of tRNA.
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

6) If you have inserted a gene in the Ti plasmid, the next step in genetic engineering is 6)
A) inserting the Ti plasmid into Agrobacterium.
B) inserting the Ti plasmid into a plant cell.
C) splicing T DNA into a plasmid.
D) transformation of E. coli with Ti plasmid.
E) transformation of an animal cell.
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

7) The use of an antibiotic-resistance gene on a plasmid used in genetic engineering makes 7)

A) the recombinant cell unable to survive.
B) replica plating possible.
C) the recombinant cell dangerous.
D) direct selection possible.
E) All of the answers are correct.
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

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8) The Pap test for cervical cancer involves microscopic examination of cervical cells for cancerous 8)
cells. A new, rapid diagnostic test to detect human papilloma virus (HPV) DNA before cancer
develops is done without microscopic exam. The steps involved in this FastHPV test are listed
below. What is the second step?
A) Add an RNA probe for HPV DNA.
B) Add enzyme-linked antibodies against DNA-RNA.
C) Add enzyme substrate.
D) Lyse human cells.
E) The order is unimportant.
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

9) Which of the following techniques is NOT used to introduce recombinant DNA into plants? 9)
A) gene guns
B) electroporation
C) protoplast fusion
D) Ti plasmids and Agrobacterium
E) microinjection
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

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 Figure 9.4

10) In Figure 9.4, the bacteria transformed with the recombinant plasmid and plated on media 10)
containing ampicillin and X-gal will
A) form blue, ampicillin-sensitive colonies.
B) form white, ampicillin-resistant colonies.
C) form white, ampicillin-sensitive colonies.
D) form blue, ampicillin-resistant colonies.
E) not grow.
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

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11) The following are steps used to make DNA fingerprints. What is the third step? 11)
A) Digest with a restriction enzyme.
B) Collect DNA.
C) Lyse cells.
D) Add stain.
E) Perform electrophoresis.
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

12) Restriction enzymes are 12)

A) bacterial enzymes that destroy phage DNA.
B) animal enzymes that splice RNA.
C) bacterial enzymes that splice DNA.
D) viral enzymes that destroy host DNA.
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)

13) The reaction catalyzed by reverse transcriptase is 13)

A) tRNA mRNA.
B) DNA DNA.
C) DNA mRNA.
D) mRNA protein.
E) mRNA cDNA.
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

14) The use of “suicide” genes in genetically modified organisms is designed to 14)
A) kill the modified organisms before they are released in the environment.
B) delete genes necessary for modified organism’s growth.
C) provide a means to eliminate non-modified organisms.
D) provide for resistance of the modified organisms to pesticides.
E) prevent the growth of the modified organisms in the environment.
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

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 Figure 9.5

15) Which of the following methods would be used to introduce the plasmid shown in Figure 9.5 into 15)
E. coli?
A) microinjection B) Ti plasmids and Agrobacterium
C) gene guns D) transformation
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)

16) Which enzyme would cut this strand of DN? 16)

GCATGGATCCCAATGC
A) Enzyme Recognition
EcoRI G AATTC
CTTAA G
B) Enzyme Recognition
HaeIII GG CC
CC GG
C) Enzyme Recognition
BamHI G GATCC
CCCTAG G
D) Enzyme Recognition
Pst ICTGC G
G ACGTC
E) Enzyme Recognition
HindIII A AGCTT
TTCGA A
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

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17) You have a small gene that you wish replicated by PCR. After 3 replication cycles, how many 17)
double-stranded DNA molecules do you have?
A) 2 B) 4 C) 8 D) 16 E) thousands
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Figure 9.5

18) In Figure 9.5, the marker genes used for selecting recombinant DNA are 18)
A) lacZ and ori.
B) ampR and ori.
C) ori.
D) ampR and lacZ.
E) HindIII, BamHI, and EcoRI.
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

19) The study of genetic material taken directly from the environment is 19)
A) bioinformatics.
B) proteomics.
C) metagenomics.
D) forensic microbiology.
E) reverse genetics.
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

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20) Which of the following are used to silence specific genes and hold promise for treating cancer or 20)
viral diseases, such as hepatitis B?
A) RNA interference (RNAi)
B) DNA fingerprinting
C) complementary DNA (cDNA)
D) reverse transcriptase PCR (rtPCR)
E) tumor-inducing plasmids (Ti plasmids)
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

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 Figure 9.2

21) In Figure 9.2, the enzyme in step 2 is 21)

A) RNA polymerase.
B) DNA polymerase.
C) spliceosome.
D) reverse transcriptase.
E) DNA ligase.
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

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22) An advantage of cDNA over genomic DNA is that it 22)
A) can form very large DNA segments.
B) lacks exons.
C) contains selectable markers.
D) is very easy to isolate.
E) lacks introns.
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

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 Figure 9.2

23) In Figure 9.2, the enzyme in step 1 is 23)

A) RNA polymerase.
B) DNA ligase.
C) reverse transcriptase.
D) DNA polymerase.
E) spliceosome.
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

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24) Which of the following places the steps in the PCR procedure in the correct order? 24)
1) Incubate at 94°C to denature DNA strands;
2) Incubate at 72°C for DNA synthesis;
3) Incubate at 60°C for primer hybridization.
A) 1, 3, 2 B) 1, 2, 3 C) 3, 2, 1 D) 3; 1; 2 E) 2; 1; 3
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

25) Which of the following is NOT a desired characteristic of DNA vectors used in gene cloning 25)
procedures?
A) has a selectable marker
B) self-replication
C) may replicate in several species
D) circular form of DNA or integrates into the host chromosome
E) large size
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

26) Pieces of DNA stored in yeast cells are called a 26)

A) PCR.
B) Southern blot.
C) library.
D) clone.
E) vector.
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

27) In the Southern blot technique, which of the following is NOT required? 27)
A) restriction enzyme digestion of DNA
B) electrophoresis to separate fragments
C) addition of heat-stable DNA polymerase to amplify DNA
D) addition of a labeled probe to identify the gene of interest
E) transfer of DNA to nitrocellulose
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

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 Figure 9.1

28) How many pieces will EcoRI produce from the plasmid shown in Figure 9.1? 28)
A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

29) A source of heat-stable DNA polymerase is 29)

A) Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
B) Pseudomonas.
C) Bacillus thuringiensis.
D) Thermus aquaticus.
E) Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

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30) Self-replicating DNA used to transmit a gene from one organism to another is a 30)
A) library.
B) vector.
C) clone.
D) Southern blot.
E) PCR.
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

31) The random shotgun method is used in 31)

A) genome sequencing.
B) transforming plant cells with recombinant DNA.
C) RFLP analysis.
D) amplification of unknown DNA.
E) forensic microbiology.
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

32) You want to determine whether a person has a certain mutant gene. The process involves using a 32)
primer and a heat-stable DNA polymerase. This process is
A) restriction mapping.
B) site-directed mutagenesis.
C) translation.
D) PCR.
E) transformation.
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

33) Which of the following processes is NOT involved in making cDNA? 33)
A) RNA processing to remove introns B) transcription
C) translation D) reverse transcription
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)

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34) Which of the following is NOT an agricultural product made by DNA techniques? 34)
A) pectinase
B) glyphosate-resistant crops
C) nitrogenase (nitrogen fixation)
D) Bacillus thuringiensis insecticide
E) frost retardant
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Figure 9.1

35) In Figure 9.1, after digestion with the appropriate restriction enzyme, what is the smallest piece 35)
containing the ampicillin-resistance (amp) gene?
A) 0.17 kbp B) 0.25 kbp C) 1.08 kbp D) 1.50 kbp E) 3.00 kbp
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

15
36) A colleague has used computer modeling to design an improved enzyme. To produce this enzyme, 36)
the next step is to
A) use siRNA to produce the enzyme.
B) synthesize the gene for the improved enzyme.
C) determine the nucleotide sequence for the improved enzyme.
D) mutate bacteria until one makes the improved enzyme.
E) look for a bacterium that makes the improved enzyme.
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

37) A population of cells carrying a desired plasmid is called a 37)

A) clone.
B) vector.
C) library.
D) PCR.
E) Southern blot.
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

38) The following steps must be performed to make a bacterium produce human protein X. 38)

1-Translation
2-Restriction enzyme
3-Prokaryotic transcription
4-DNA ligase
5-Transformation
6-Eukaryotic transcription
7-Reverse transcription

Which of the following places the steps in the correct order?

A) 6, 7, 2, 4, 5, 3, 1
B) 1, 2, 3, 5, 4, 7, 6
C) 5, 2, 3, 4, 7, 6, 1
D) 6, 7, 2, 3, 4, 5, 1
E) 6, 2, 1, 3, 4, 5, 7
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

16
39) The Human Genome Project, which was completed in 2003, was focused on 39)
A) determining all of the proteins encoded by the human genome.
B) determining the nucleotide sequence of the entire human genome.
C) cloning all of the genes of the human genome.
D) finding a cure for all human genetic disorders.
E) identifying all of the genes in the human genome.
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Figure 9.3

40) The figure at the left in Figure 9.3 shows a gene identified by Southern blotting. What will a 40)
Southern blot of the same gene look like after PCR?
A) a B) b C) c D) d E) e
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

41) An advantage of synthetic DNA over genomic or cDNA is the ability to 41)
A) obtain genes that lack introns.
B) insert desired restriction sites into the DNA sequence.
C) make DNA from cellular RNA and the enzyme reverse transcriptase.
D) isolate unknown genes.
E) obtain genes that lack exons.
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

17
42) The restriction enzyme EcoRI recognizes the sequence G AATTC. Which of the following is TRUE 42)
of DNA after it is treated with EcoRI?
A) All of the DNA fragments will have single-stranded regions ending in AA.
B) All of the DNA will have blunt ends.
C) All of the DNA fragments will have single-stranded regions ending in G.
D) All of the DNA will be circular.
E) Some of the DNA will have single-stranded regions ending in AA and others will end in G.
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

43) Assume you have discovered a cell that produces a lipase that works in cold water for a laundry 43)
additive. You can increase the efficiency of this enzyme by changing one amino acid. This is done
by
A) irradiating the cells.
B) site-directed mutagenesis.
C) selection.
D) selective breeding.
E) enrichment.
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

44) Biotechnology involves the 44)

A) use of microorganisms to make desired products.
B) use of animal cells to make vaccines.
C) development of disease-resistant crop plants.
D) use of microorganisms to make desired products and the use of animal cells to make vaccines.
E) use of microorganisms to make desired products, the use of animal cells to make vaccines,
and the development of disease-resistanct crop plants.
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

18
 Figure 9.5

45) In Figure 9.5, the gene that allows the plasmid to be self-replicating is 45)
A) ampR. B) HindIII. C) ori. D) lacZ. E) EcoRI.
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.

46) A shuttle vector is a plasmid that is used to move pieces of DNA among organisms, such as 46)
bacterial, fungal, and plant cells.
Answer: True False
Explanation:

47) Nearly all cells, including E. coli and yeast, naturally take up DNA from their surroundings without 47)
chemical treatment.
Answer: True False
Explanation:

48) One of the first commercial successes of recombinant DNA technology was the production of 48)
human insulin using genetically engineered E. coli.
Answer: True False
Explanation:

49) The disadvantage of genomic libraries over cDNA libraries is that genomic libraries contain gene 49)
introns.
Answer: True False
Explanation:

50) In recombinant DNA technology, a vector is a self-replicating segment of DNA, such as a plasmid 50)
or viral genome.
Answer: True False
Explanation:

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 51) The Ti plasmid isolated from Agrobacterium can be used to insert DNA into any type of plant. 51)
Answer: True False
Explanation:

52) The Bt toxin derived from Bacillus thuringiensis has been introduced into some crop plants to make 52)
them resistant to insect destruction.
Answer: True False
Explanation:

53) Bioinformatics is the use of computer technology to compare and analyze genome sequence. 53)
Answer: True False
Explanation:

54) The term biotechnology refers exclusively to the use of genetically engineered organisms for the 54)
production of desired products.
Answer: True False
Explanation:

55) The practice of breeding plants and animals for desirable traits, such as high crop yield, is called 55)
natural selection.
Answer: True False
Explanation:

ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper.

56) Your research group is investigating the possible use of genetically-engineered cells to produce a vaccine for
malaria. List the pros and cons of using E. coli, Saccharomyces, and animal cells to produce the vaccine.
Answer:

57) Pseudomonas syringae is found naturally in the soil. Sold as Snomax, it is used to make snow at ski resorts. The
same bacterium with a gene deletion (Ice-minus) is used to prevent ice formation on plants. Should Snomax
and Ice-minus be considered modified organisms and subject to precautions of releasing genetically modified
organisms? Explain why or why not.
Answer:

58) The local public health agency has received reports of an outbreak of Salmonella gastroenteritis among attendees
at a city-sponsored chili cook-off. What techniques from recombinant DNA technology would the agency
likely use to investigate this outbreak? Describe the expected results from these techniques.
Answer:

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Answer Key
Testname: C9

1) C
2) E
3) A
4) A
5) B
6) A
7) D
8) A
9) E
10) B
11) A
12) A
13) E
14) E
15) D
16) C
17) C
18) D
19) C
20) A
21) D
22) E
23) A
24) A
25) E
26) C
27) C
28) B
29) D
30) B
31) A
32) D
33) C
34) A
35) D
36) C
37) A
38) A
39) B
40) D
41) B
42) A
43) B
44) E
45) C
46) TRUE
47) FALSE
48) TRUE
49) TRUE
50) TRUE
21
Answer Key
Testname: C9

51) FALSE
52) TRUE
53) TRUE
54) FALSE
55) FALSE
56)
57)
58)

22