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(b) (i) wave from tuning fork travels down tube and is reflected;
incident and reflected waves interfere/superpose/combine/
add together to give a standing wave (that fits the boundary
conditions); 2
(ii) the surface of the water (in/at the bottom of the tube); 1
0.368
(c) 2 λ = 0.736 m;
–1
v = f λ = 440 × 0.736 = 320 m s ; 2
[10]
IB Questionbank Physics 1
v u0 330 15
f 300
(b) f′= v 330 ;
= 314 Hz;
Award [0] for use of moving source formula.
Award [1] for use of v-uo to give 286 Hz. 2
[5]
d 0.40
3. (a) θ = 1.22 b (Rayleigh criterion) and θ = D D (with small angle
approximation);
550 10 9 0.40
3
equate two expressions to get θ = 1.22 2.5 10 D ;
D = 1500 m; 3
L
4. (a) (i) L = 4λ or λ = 4 ; 1
IB Questionbank Physics 2
(c) extra red colour/longer wavelengths gives impression of warmth;
additional blue colour/shorter wavelengths gives impression of cold; 2
[7]
2 4.5 10 6 v cos40
(b) 740 = 1.5 10 3
–1
v = 0.16 m s ;
Award [1] if the speed of light is used. 2
[5]
7. (a) light with (electric field vector) vibrating in one direction only;
in plane normal to direction of energy transfer; 2
IB Questionbank Physics 3
(ii) used in dim light/night-time;
insensitive to colour;
different rod cells are connected to the same nerve implying
loss of detail in the image formed;
used for scotopic vision; 1 max
9. (a) (comparison with the SHM displacement formula shows that) the
amplitude is A and this depends on x; 1
500π
(b) frequency is 2 π ;
f = 250 Hz; 2
IB Questionbank Physics 4
(ii)
as shown above; 1
Accept if second pattern is drawn to the left of the other.
3.0 108
43 10 9
(b) wavelength is = 7.0 × 10–3 m;
telescope can resolve an angular separation of
7.0 10 3
1.22 1.22
b 36 10 3
θ= 2.4 × 10–7;
–7 23 17
and so L = Dθ = 2.4 × 10 × 4.7 × 10 = 1.1 × 10 m; 3
[6]
11.
IB Questionbank Physics 5
(b) curve starting at I0; (labelled P)
with minima and maxima as shown; 2
[4]
12. (a) the near point is the closest position of an object from the eye
that can be clearly focussed / objects placed closer than the near
point cannot be focussed by the eye OWTTE;
the far point is the furthest position of an object from the eye
that can be clearly focussed / OWTTE;
accommodation is the ability of the eye to focus on objects
placed anywhere between the near point and the far point /
OWTTE; 3
Award [1 max] if near and far points are defined in terms of distance.
(b) the (ciliary) muscles (of the eye) alter the shape of the eye lens;
thereby altering its focal length; 2
[5]
d D
(ii) 2 b ;
2.0 1.2 5.2 10 7
d= 4.0 10 5 –2
= 3.12 × 10 m
≈ 3 cm 2
IB Questionbank Physics 6
(b) Award [2 max] for a sensible argument.
e.g. light from each point forms a diffraction pattern after being focussed
by the eyepiece of the telescope;
if the diffraction patterns are not sufficiently well separated then
the points will not be resolved as separate sources;
Award [1 max] for the conclusion.
e.g. if the points cannot be resolved as separate sources the
planet cannot be seen as a disc; 3
[8]
(ii) antinode at open end and node at closed end and one more
node along pipe; 1
(judge by eye)
4L
(c) for λ1 = 4L and for λ2 = 3 ;
c 3c
f1 = 4 L and f2 = 4 L :
f1 1
f2 3 ; 3
(d) there must always be a node at the closed end and an antinode at
the open end / there must always be an integer number of 4 ; 1
[7]
15. (a) Scotopic vision / uses rod cells/is used in low intensity light/does
not distinguish between colours/does not see detail;
Photopic vision / uses cone cells/is used in high intensity
light/distinguishes colours/sees detail; 2
IB Questionbank Physics 7
(b) Scotopic vision using rods is to be used;
sensitivity for blue wavelengths is high for rod cells;
and so blue will be seen most clearly;
Award [0] for bald answer, blue only, or incorrect argument. 3
13
s 4.0 10
d = 5.5 10 ;
4
(ii)
16
d = 7.2 × 10 m; 2
Accept answer that uses rounded answer from (i) i.e.
15 15
d = 7.3 × 10 m or has missed the factor of 1.22 i.e. d = 8.9 × 10 m.
[8]
16. (a) light in which the electric field is oscillating on only one plane; 1
°
(ii) sin φ = n sin(90 – φ);
sin φ = n cos φ;
n = tan φ; (this marking point must be justified) 3
(b) (i) Doppler effect occurs twice / moving detector (blood cells)
and moving source (blood cells in reflection) / “image”
source moves at twice velocity of red blood cells / OWTTE; 1
IB Questionbank Physics 8
3.5 2v
3
3
(ii) 5.2 10 1.5 10 v = 0.50 m s–1;
5 –1 8 –1
Accept 1.0 × 10 m s if 3.0 × 10 m s has been used for c. 1
or
use of Doppler formulas to give
v v
1 1
f f c 5.2 103 3.5 5.2 10 3 1.5 10 3
v v
1 1
c 1.5 103
v = 0.50 m s–1;
(b) the eye responds to the frequency (or energy per photon) of the light;
the frequency is unchanged by changes in refractive index; 2
[3]
(ii)
v
(b) f= ;
to give f = 120Hz; 2
IB Questionbank Physics 9
330
(c) λ = 4L = 120
= 0.69m; 2
[6]
20. (a) when source is moving towards the observer the wavefronts are
compressed/ frequency is increased;
(when source is moving away) the wavefronts are expanded /
frequency is decreased;
(this repeats so) a continuous rise and fall in pitch/frequency is heard; 3
–2
(b) 0.50 W m ;
1
(I cos θ) average value is 2
2
2
IB Questionbank Physics 10
(b) for objects at different distances from the eye;
for the image to be focused;
the (ciliary) muscle changes the shape of the lens; 3
[7]
1.22
–6
24. (a) θ = b = 6.1 × 10 radians;
distance = θ × altitude;
–6 3
= 6.1 × 10 × 400 × 10 = 2.4 m; 3
25. (a) hold the sheets one at a time up to each source and rotate them / OWTTE;
the sheet and source which give a variation in intensity upon rotation
are the polarizing/polarized ones / OWTTE; 2
IB Questionbank Physics 11
(b) the solution rotates the plane of polarization;
light from polarized source is rotated by the solution;
the degree of rotation is measured by rotating the polarizing filter;
the angle of rotation gives an indication of the solution concentration /
OWTTE;
measure angle of rotation for a standard solution; 4 max
[6]
IB Questionbank Physics 12
27. (a) shape of diffraction pattern acceptable;
central maximum of one pattern falls on first minimum of other;
relative heights of central and first maxima realistic for both patterns; 3
28. (a) light where the direction of the (electric) field is always/predominantly
in the same plane; 1
I I 0 cos 2 60
I0
4
;
(b) (i) 1
(ii)
2
general cos shape;
max at = 0 and curve touches horizontal axis at = 90; 2
IB Questionbank Physics 13