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TAREA N° 3
MÓDULO 3 SECCIÓN: 01
MATRICULA: 1177771X
Si el sistema inicialmente contiene 5 mol de HCl por cada mol de oxígeno, ¿Cuál es la composición
del sistema en equilibrio? Suponga gases ideales.
Datos:
̂0
∆𝐺
𝐼𝑛𝐾 = −
𝑅𝑇
∆𝐻̂298 0 ∆𝐺̂298
0
0 𝐽
∆𝐺̂298 = 2(−228572) + (95299)4 = −75948 𝑚𝑜𝑙
∆C = 0
𝐽
∆𝐺̂ 0 (−75948 )
𝐼𝑛𝐾1 = → 𝐼𝑛𝐾1 = − 𝑚𝑜𝑙 → 𝐼𝑛𝐾1 = 30.6388
𝑅𝑇 𝐽
(8.314 ) (298.15𝐾)
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝐾
̂𝑅 0
∆𝐻 ∆𝐵 ∆𝐶 3 ∆𝐷
𝑇𝑜
∝= − ∆𝐴𝑇𝑜 − 𝑇𝑜 − 𝑇 +
𝑅 2 3 𝑜 𝑇𝑜
𝐽
−114408 008𝑥10−3 𝐾 −1 (−0.823𝑥105 𝐾 2 )
∝= 𝑚𝑜𝑙 − (−0.439)(298.15) − ( )(298.15𝐾)2 +
𝐽 2 298.15𝐾
8.314
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝐾
∝ = −13909.5887 𝐾
∝ ∆𝐵 ∆𝐶 2 ∆𝐷
𝛽 = 𝐼𝑛𝐾1 + − ∆𝐴𝐼𝑛𝑇1 − 𝑇1 − 𝑇1 − 2
𝑇1 2 6 2𝑇 1
(−13909.5887)
𝛽 = 30.6388 + − (−0.439)𝐼𝑛(298.15)
298.15𝐾
𝛽 = −13.0616
𝛼 ∆𝐵 ∆𝐶 2 ∆𝐷
𝐼𝑛𝐾 = 𝛽 − + ∆𝐴𝐼𝑛𝑇 + 𝑇+ 𝑇 + 2
𝑇 2 6 2𝑇
(−13909.5887) 0.08𝑥10−3 𝐾 −1
𝐼𝑛𝐾 = −13.06196 − + (−0.439)𝐼𝑛(773. .15) + (773.15𝐾)
773.15𝐾 2
−0.823𝑥105 𝐾 2
+
2(773.15𝐾)2
𝐾 = 7.1805
𝑃 −𝑈
𝐾 ( 𝑜 ) = 𝜋𝑌𝑖 𝑈𝑖
𝑃
𝑈 = −4 − 1 + 2 + 2 = −1 𝑛𝑜 = 5 + 1 = 6 𝑚𝑜𝑙
2 1 𝑌𝐶 2 𝑌𝐷 2
𝐾( ) =
1 𝑌𝐴 4 𝑌𝐵
𝑛𝑖𝑜 + 𝑈𝑖 𝜀
𝑌𝑖 =
𝑛𝑜 + 𝑈𝜀
5 − 4𝜀
𝑌𝐴 =
6−𝜀
1−𝜀 2𝜀 2𝜀
𝑌𝐵 = ; 𝑌𝐶 = ; 𝑌𝐷 = ∶ 0≤𝜀<1
6−𝜀 6−𝜀 6−𝜀
2𝜀 2 2𝜀 2
( ) ( ) (2𝜀)4 (6 − 𝜀)
2(7.18050) = 6 − 𝜀 4 6 − 𝜀 → 14.361 =
5 − 4𝜀 1−𝜀 (5 − 4𝜀)4 (1 − 𝜀)
( 6 − 𝜀 ) (6 − 𝜀 )
2𝜀 4 6 − 𝜀
( ) ( ) − 14.361 = 0
5 − 4𝜀 1−𝜀
𝜀 = 0.79341
5 − 4(0.79341) 1 − 0.79341
𝑌𝐴 = = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟓𝟎𝟕𝟕 𝑌𝐵 = = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟑𝟗𝟔𝟕𝟖
6 − 0.75451 6 − 0.79341
2(0.79341)
𝑌𝐶 = 𝑌𝐷 = = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟎𝟒𝟕𝟕𝟏
6 − 0.79341
2-.La corriente de gas de un quemador de azufre se compone de 15% mol de 𝑆𝑂2 , 20% mol de 𝑂2
y 65% mol de 𝑁2 . Esta corriente de gas a 1 bar y 480° C entra a un convertidor catalitico, donde el
𝑆𝑂2 se oxida a 𝑆𝑂3 . Suponiendo que la reaccion alcanza el equilibrio, ¿Cuánto calor se debe
eliminar del convertidor para mantener condiciones isotermicas? Considere en su respuesta la
entrada de un mol de gas.
1
𝑆𝑂2(𝑔) + 𝑂2(𝑔) → 𝑆𝑂3(𝑔)
2
(𝐴 ) ( 𝐵) (𝐶 )
°
∆𝐺298 ∆𝐻°298 𝐴 𝐵(𝑥103 ) 𝐶(𝑥106 ) 𝐷(𝑥10−5 )
𝑆𝑂2 -300194 -296830 5.699 0.801 -1.015
𝑂2 0 0 3.639 0.506 -0.227
𝑆𝑂3 -371060 -395720 8.060 1.056 -2.028
𝐽
∆𝐻°298 = −395720 − (−296830) = −98890
𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝐽
∆𝐺°298 = −371060 − (−300194) = −70866
𝑚𝑜𝑙
1
∆𝐴 = 8.060 − (5.699 + (3.639)) = 0.5415
2
1
∆𝐵 = (1.056 (0.801 + (0.506))) 𝑥10−3 = 0.002𝑥10−3 𝐾 −1
2
∆𝐶 = 0
1
∆𝐷 = (−2.028 − (1.015 + (−0.277))) 𝑥105 = 0.8995𝑥105 𝐾 2
2
𝐽
∆𝐺°298 −70866
𝐼𝑛 𝐾1 = − =− 𝑚𝑜𝑙 = 28.5886
𝑅𝑇 𝐽
(8.314 ) (298.15𝐾)
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝐾
∆𝐻° 𝑇 ∆𝐻° 𝑇𝑜 ∆𝐵 2 ∆𝐶 3 1 1
= + ∆𝐴 (𝑇 − 𝑇0 ) + (𝑇 − 𝑇02 ) + (𝑇 − 𝑇03 ) − ∆𝐷 ( − )
𝑅 𝑅 2 3 𝑇 𝑇0
𝐽
∆𝐻° 𝑇 98890 0.002𝑥10−3
=− 𝑚𝑜𝑙 + (0.5415)(753.15 − 298.15) + ( ) (753.152 − 298.152 )
𝑅 𝐽 2
8.314
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝐾
1 1
− (0.8995𝑥105 ) ( − )
753.15 298.15
∆𝐻° 𝑇 𝐽
= −11829.79619 𝐾 → ∆𝐻° 𝑇 = (−11829.79619)(8.314) = −98352.9253
𝑅 𝑚𝑜𝑙
∆𝐻°298 ∆𝐵 2 ∆𝐶 3 ∆𝐷
𝛼 = − ∆𝐴𝑇𝑜 − 𝑇 − 𝑇 +
𝑅 2 𝑜 3 𝑜 𝑇𝑜
𝐽
98890 0.002𝑥10−3 𝐾 −1 0.8995𝑥105 𝐾 2
𝛼=− 𝑚𝑜𝑙 − (0.5415)(298.15) − ( ) (298.15𝐾)2 +
𝐽 2 298.15𝐾
8.314
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝐾
𝛼 = −11754.06055 𝐾
∝ ∆𝐵 ∆𝐶 2 ∆𝐷
𝛽 = 𝐼𝑛𝐾1 + − ∆𝐴 𝐼𝑛 𝑇1 − 𝑇1 − 𝑇1 − 2
𝑇1 2 6 2𝑇 1
−11754.06055𝐾 0.002𝑥10−3 𝐾 −1
𝛽 = 28.5886 + − (0.5415)𝐼𝑛 (298.15) −( ) (298.15𝐾)
298.15𝐾 2
0.8995𝑥105 𝐾 2
−
2(298.15𝐾)2
𝛽 = −14.4262
−11754.06055𝐾 0.002𝑋10−3 𝐾 −1
𝐼𝑛 𝐾 = −14.4262 − + (0.5415)𝐼𝑛 (753.15) + ( ) (753.15𝐾)
753.15𝐾 2
0.8995𝑥105 𝐾 2
+
2(753.15𝐾)2
𝐾 = 127.41014
𝑃 −𝑈 𝑛𝑖𝑜 + 𝑈𝑖 𝜀
𝐾( ) = 𝜋𝑌𝑖 𝑈𝑖 𝑌𝑖 =
𝑃𝑜 𝑛𝑜 + 𝑈𝜀
𝜀 = 0.14688
𝐽
𝑄 = (∆𝐻°753 )(𝜀) = (−98352.9253 ) (0.14688 𝑚𝑜𝑙) = −𝟏𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟔. 𝟎𝟕𝟕𝟔𝟕 𝑱
𝑚𝑜𝑙
3.- la producción de 1, 3 − 𝑏𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑜 se realiza por la des hidrogenación del 𝑛 − 𝑏𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑜:
Las reacciones laterales se eliminan por medio de la introducción de vapor. Si se logra el equilibrio
a 925 K y 1 bar, y si el producto del reactor contiene 12% mol de 1, 3 − 𝑏𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑜, encuentre:
𝐽
∆𝐻°298 = 109240 − (−125790) = 235030
𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝐽
∆𝐺°298 = 149725 − (−16570) = 166365
𝑚𝑜𝑙
∆𝐷 = 2(0.083𝑥105 ) = 16600 𝐾 2
𝐽
∆𝐺°298 166365
𝐼𝑛 𝐾1 = − =− 𝑚𝑜𝑙 = −67.11462
𝑅𝑇 𝐽
(8.314 ) (298.15𝐾)
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝐾
∆𝐻°298 ∆𝐵 2 ∆𝐶 3 ∆𝐷
𝛼 = − ∆𝐴𝑇𝑜 − 𝑇 − 𝑇 +
𝑅 2 𝑜 3 𝑜 𝑇𝑜
𝐽
235030 9.285𝑥10−3 𝐾 −1
𝛼= 𝑚𝑜𝑙 − (7.297)(298.15𝐾) − (− ) (298.15𝐾)2
𝐽 2
8.314
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝐾
2.52𝑥10−6 𝐾 −2 16600𝐾 2
−( ) (298.15𝐾)3 +
3 298.15𝐾
𝛼 = 26539.68534 𝐾
∝ ∆𝐵 ∆𝐶 2 ∆𝐷
𝛽 = 𝐼𝑛𝐾1 + − ∆𝐴 𝐼𝑛 𝑇1 − 𝑇1 − 𝑇1 − 2
𝑇1 2 6 2𝑇 1
26539.68534𝐾 9.285𝑥10−3 𝐾 −1
𝛽 = −67.11462 + − (7.297)𝐼𝑛 (298.15) − (− ) (298.15𝐾)
298.15𝐾 2
2.52𝑥10−6 𝐾 −2 16600𝐾 2
−( ) (298.15𝐾)2 −
6 2(298.15𝐾)2
𝛽 = −18.42169
𝛼 ∆𝐵 ∆𝐶 2 ∆𝐷
𝐼𝑛𝐾 = 𝛽 − + ∆𝐴 𝐼𝑛 𝑇 + 𝑇+ 𝑇 + 2
𝑇 2 6 2𝑇
26539.68534𝐾 9.285𝑥10−3 𝐾 −1
𝐼𝑛 𝐾 = −18.42169 − + (7.294)𝐼𝑛 (925) + (− ) (925𝐾)
925𝐾 2
2.52𝑥10−6 𝐾 −2 16600𝐾 2
+( ) (925𝐾)2 +
6 2(925𝐾)2
𝐼𝑛 𝐾 = −1.221975 → 𝐾 = 0.295
𝑃 −𝑈 𝑛𝑖𝑜 + 𝑈𝑖 𝜀
𝐾 ( 𝑜 ) = 𝜋𝑌𝑖 𝑈𝑖 𝑌𝑖 = 𝑛0 = 1 + 𝑥
𝑃 𝑛𝑜 + 𝑈𝜀
1−𝜀 𝜀
𝑌𝐴 = ; 𝑌𝐵 = = 0.12 ; 𝑌𝐶 = 2𝑌𝐵 = 0.24
1 + 𝑥 + 2𝜀 1 + 𝑥 + 2𝜀
1 2 𝑌𝐵 𝑌𝐶2 (0.12)(0.24)2
0.295 ( ) = → 0.295 =
1 𝑌𝐴 1−𝜀
1 + 𝑥 + 2𝜀
6.912𝑥10−3 (1 + 𝑥 + 2𝜀)
0.295 =
1−𝜀
𝜀 0.78𝜀 − 0.12
0.12 = → 0.12 + 0.12𝑥 + 0.24𝜀 = 𝜀 → 𝑥=
1 + 𝑥 + 2𝜀 0.12
0.78𝜀 − 0.12
6.912𝑥10−3 (1 + ( 0.12 ) + 2𝜀)
0.295 =
1−𝜀
1
6.912𝑥10−3 (0.12) 0.295 − 0.0576
0.295 = → 𝜀=
1−𝜀 0.295
𝜀 = 0.83475
0.78𝜀 − 0.12
𝑥= → 𝑥 = 4.33087 𝑚𝑜𝑙
0.12
1 − 0.83475
𝑌𝐴 = = 0.0225437
1 + 4.33087 + 2(0.83475)
𝑥 4.33087
𝑌𝑉 = = = 0.81882
1 + 𝑥 1 + 4.33087
EJERCICIO 4-.
𝐽
∆𝐻°298 = −200 660 − (−110 525) = −90 135
𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝐽
∆𝐺°298 = −161 960 − (−137 169) = −24791
𝑚𝑜𝑙
∆𝐶 = −3.450𝑥10−6 𝐾 −2
2
∆𝐷 = −(−0.031 + 2(0.083))𝑥105 = −0.135𝑥105𝐾
𝐽
∆𝐺°298 −24791
𝐼𝑛 𝐾1 = − =− 𝑚𝑜𝑙 = 10.00113
𝑅𝑇 𝐽
(8.314 ) (298.15𝐾)
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝐾
∆𝐻°298 ∆𝐵 2 ∆𝐶 3 ∆𝐷
𝛼 = − ∆𝐴𝑇𝑜 − 𝑇 − 𝑇 +
𝑅 2 𝑜 3 𝑜 𝑇𝑜
𝐽
90135 10.815𝑥10−3 𝐾 −1
𝛼=− 𝑚𝑜𝑙 − (−7.663)(298.15𝐾) − ( ) (298.15𝐾)2
𝐽 2
8.314
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝐾
3.40𝑥10−6 𝐾 −2 −0.135𝑥105 𝐾 2
− (− ) (298.15𝐾)3 +
3 298.15𝐾
𝛼 = −9052.56151𝐾
∝ ∆𝐵 ∆𝐶 2 ∆𝐷
𝛽 = 𝐼𝑛𝐾1 + − ∆𝐴 𝐼𝑛 𝑇1 − 𝑇1 − 𝑇1 − 2
𝑇1 2 6 2𝑇 1
−9052.5615𝐾 10.815𝑥10−3 𝐾 −1
𝛽 = 10.00113 + − (−7.663)𝐼𝑛 (298.15) − ( ) (298.15𝐾)
298.15𝐾 2
3.40𝑥10−6 𝐾 −2 −0.135𝑥105 𝐾 2
− (− ) (298.15𝐾)2 −
6 2(298.15𝐾)2
𝛽 = 21.8134
𝛼 ∆𝐵 ∆𝐶 2 ∆𝐷
𝐼𝑛𝐾 = 𝛽 − + ∆𝐴 𝐼𝑛 𝑇 + 𝑇+ 𝑇 + 2
𝑇 2 6 2𝑇
(−9052.5615𝐾) 10.815𝑥10−3 𝐾 −1
𝐼𝑛 𝐾 = 21.8134 − + (−7.663)𝐼𝑛 (300) + ( ) (300𝐾)
300𝐾 2
3.40𝑥10−6 𝐾 −2 (−0.135𝑥105 𝐾 2 )
+ (− ) (300𝐾)2 +
6 2(300𝐾)2
𝐼𝑛 𝐾 = 9.7765 → 𝐾 = 17619.6484
𝑃 −𝑈 𝑛𝑖𝑜 + 𝑈𝑖 𝜀
𝐾( ) = 𝜋𝑌𝑖 𝑈𝑖 𝑌𝑖 =
𝑃𝑜 𝑛𝑜 + 𝑈𝜀
1 2 𝑦𝑐
17619.6481 ( ) =
1 𝑦𝐴 𝑦𝐵2
1−𝜀 2 − 2𝜀 𝜀
𝑦𝐴 = ; 𝑦𝐵 = ; 𝑦𝐶 =
3 − 2𝜀 3 − 2𝜀 3 − 2𝜀
𝜀
17619.6481 =
3 − 2𝜀
1 − 𝜀 2 − 2𝜀 2
(3 − 2𝜀 ) (3 − 2𝜀 )
𝜀(3 − 2𝜀)2 𝜀 3 − 2𝜀 2
17614.6481 = ; ( )( ) − 17614.6481 = 0
(1 − 𝜀)(2 − 2𝜀)2 1 − 𝜀 2 − 2𝜀
b)
1−𝜀 2 − 2𝜀
𝑦𝐴 = ; 𝑦𝐵 =
3 − 2𝜀 3 − 2𝜀
𝜀
𝑦𝐶 = = 0.50 ; 2 𝜀 = 1.5 → 𝜀 = 0.75
3 − 2𝜀
1 − 0.75 2 − 2(0.75)
𝑦𝐴 = = 0.1667 ; 𝑦𝐵 = = 0.3333
3 − 2(0.75) 3 − 2(0.75)
0.5
𝐾= = 2.7 ; 𝐼𝑛 𝐾 = 3.2958
(0.1667)(0.3333)2
𝑇 = 364.4725 𝐾
c)
100 2 0.5
𝐾( ) = = 27𝑥10−3 ; 𝐼𝑛 𝐾 = −3.6119
1 (0.1667)(0.3333)2
d)
𝑃𝑟 0
𝐼𝑛 ∅ = (𝐵 + 𝜔𝐵1 )
𝑇𝑟
0.422 0.172
𝐵0 = 0.083 − ; 𝐵1 = 0.139 −
𝑇𝑟1.6 𝑇𝑟4.2
𝑇 = 516.4759
𝑇𝐶 𝑃𝐶 𝜔 𝑃𝑟 𝑇𝑟
𝐶𝑂 132.9 34.99 0.048 2.8579 3.8862
𝐻2 33.19 13.13 -0.216 7.6161 15.5613
𝐶𝐻3 0𝐻 512.6 80.97 0.564 1.235 1.0076
PARA EL CO
0.422 0.172
𝐵0 = 0.083 − = 0.035 ; 𝐵1 = 0.139 − = 0.1384
3.88621.6 3.88624.2
2.8579
𝐼𝑛 ∅ = (0.035 + (0.048)(0.1384)) = 0.03061 ; ∅ = 1.03109
3.8862
PARA EL H
0.422 0.172
𝐵0 = 0.083 − = 0.0778 ; 𝐵1 = 0.139 − = 0.1389
15.56131.6 15.56134.2
7.6161
𝐼𝑛 ∅ = (0.0778 + (−0.1216)(0.1389)) = 0.029558 ; ∅ = 1.03
15.5613
PARA EL METANOL
0.422 0.172
𝐵0 = 0.083 − = −0.3339 ; 𝐵1 = 0.139 − = −0.0276
1.00761.6 1.00764.2
1.235
𝐼𝑛 ∅ = (−0.3339 + (0.564)(−0.0276)) = −0.42847 ; ∅ = 0.6515
1.0076
100 2 (0.5)(0.6515)
𝐾( ) = 2 = 1.607916 ; 𝐼𝑛 𝐾 = −6.4328
1 (0.1667)(1.03)((0.3333)(1.03))
∆𝐺𝑟,298
In 𝐾1 = −
𝑅𝑇
° 𝐽
∆H298.15𝐾 = ∑ ∆H°prod. − ∑ ∆H°reac. = 74520 ⁄𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑖 𝑖
° 𝐽
∆G298.15𝐾 = ∑ ∆G°prod. − ∑ ∆G°reac. = 50460 ⁄𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑖 𝑖
∆𝐺𝑟,298 50460
ln 𝑘1 = − =− = −20.3565
𝑅𝑇 8.314 ∗ 298.15
Ahora se obtiene 𝛽 𝑦 𝛼:
∆𝐻𝑟,298 ∆𝐵 ∆𝐶 ∆𝐷
α= − ∆𝐴(298.15) − (298.152 ) − (298.153 ) +
𝑅 2 3 298.15
𝛼 ∆𝐵 ∆𝐶 ∆𝐷
𝛽 = ln(𝑘1 ) + − ∆𝐴𝑙𝑛(298.15) − 298.15 − 298.152 −
298.15 2 6 2 ∗ 298.152
ESPECIE A B C D COEFICIENTE
CH4 1.702 9.0810E-03 -2.1640E-06 0.0000E+00 -1
-
C(s) 1.771 7.7100E-04 0.0000E+00 8.6700E+04 1
H2 3.249 4.2200E-04 0.0000E+00 8.3000E+03 2
ALFA DELTA A DELTA B DELTA C DELTA D BETA
-
7082.8482 6.567 -7.4660E-03 2.1640E-06 7.0100E+04 -32.54140277
∆𝐴 = ∑ 𝑣𝑖 𝐴𝑖 = 𝐴𝐵 + 2𝐴𝐶 − 𝐴𝐴
𝑖
∆𝐵 = ∑ 𝑣𝑖 𝐵𝑖 = 𝐵𝐵 + 2𝐵𝐶 − 𝐵𝐴
𝑖
∆𝐶 = ∑ 𝑣𝑖 𝐶𝑖 = 𝐶𝐵 + 2𝐶𝐶 − 𝐶𝐴 = [−(−2.164)]𝑥10−6
𝑖
∆𝐷 = ∑ 𝑣𝑖 𝐷𝑖 = 𝐷𝐵 + 2𝐷𝐶 − 𝐷𝐴
𝑖
𝛼 ∆𝐵 ∆𝐶 2 ∆𝐷
ln(𝑘) = 𝛽 − + ∆𝐴𝑙𝑛(𝑇) + 𝑇+ 𝑇 +
𝑇 2 6 2 ∗ 𝑇2
𝑘 ≈ 4.2391
a) Si 𝑛0 = 𝑛𝐴0
1−𝜀 2𝜀
𝑌𝐴 = ; 𝑌𝐶 =
1+𝜀 1+𝜀
Sustituyendo las ecuaciones de Yi en ec. (1) y considerando que 𝑃 = 𝑃°:
2𝜀 2
(1 + 𝜀 ) 4𝜀 2 4𝜀 2
𝐾= →𝐾= →𝐾= → 𝐾 − 𝜀 2 (𝐾 + 4) = 0
1−𝜀 (1 + 𝜀)(1 − 𝜀) (1 − 𝜀 2 )
1+𝜀
𝐾 𝐾
𝜀2 = →𝜀=√ (2)
𝐾+4 𝐾+4
4.2391
𝜀=√ → 𝜀 = 0.7173
4.2391 + 4
1 − 0.7173
𝑌𝐴 = = 0.1646
1 + 0.7173
2(0.7173)
𝑌𝐶 = = 0.8354
1 + 0.7173
b)
𝑃 −𝑣 𝑣 𝑌𝐶2
K ( 𝑜 ) = 𝜋𝑌𝑖 𝑖 → K =
𝑃 𝑌𝐴
𝑛𝑖0 + 𝑣𝑖 𝜀
𝑣 = ∑ 𝑣𝑖 = − 1 + 2 = 1; 𝑌𝑖 =
𝑛0 + 𝑣𝜀
𝑖
1−𝜀 2𝜀
𝑌𝐴 = ; 𝑌𝐶 =
2+𝜀 2+𝜀
2𝜀 2
(2 + 𝜀 ) 4𝜀 2 4𝜀 2
𝐾= →𝐾= →𝐾=
1−𝜀 (2 + 𝜀)(1 − 𝜀) (2 − 𝜀 − 𝜀 2 )
2+𝜀
2𝐾 − 𝐾𝜀 − 𝐾𝜀 2 −4𝜀 2 = 0
𝐾 𝐾
𝜀2 + ( ) 𝜀 − 2( )=0
𝐾+4 𝐾+4
f(𝜀) 𝜀
-1.98881E-05 0.789254605
𝜀 = 0.7893
1 − 0.7893
𝑌𝐴 = = 0.0755
2 + 0.7893
2(0.7893)
𝑌𝐶 = = 0.5659
2 + 0.7893
Considerando al Nitrógeno como el componente (D):
∴ 𝑌𝐷 = 1 − 𝑌𝐴 − 𝑌𝐶 = 0.3586
7.-Los siguientes problemas involucran estequimetria de reacciones químicas y se resuelven
mediante uso de coordenadas de reacción.
𝐴 + 𝐵 → 𝐶 (1) ; 𝐴 + 𝐶 → 𝐷(2)
El análisis de los gases que se descargan muestran fracciones molares: YA= 0.05 y YB=0.10.
El análisis de la descarga gaseosa muestra fracciones molares: YC= 0.52 y YD=0.04. determine las
cantidades (Kmol hr-) de todas las especies en la corriente de descarga.
c) La alimentación a un reactor en fase gas es de 100 Kmol hr-1 de la especie pura A. ocurren
dos reacciones independientes:
YC= 0.30 y YD=0.10. caculese las cantidades (Kmol hr-1) de todas las especies en la corriente de
descarga.
d) La alimentación en un reactor en fase gas es de 100 Kmol hr-1 , que contiene 40% mol de
la especie A y 60% de la especie B. Ocurren dos reacciones independientes:
50 − 𝜀1 − 𝜀2
𝑦𝐴 =
100 − 𝜀1 − 𝜀2
50 − 𝜀1
𝑦𝐵 =
100 − 𝜀1 − 𝜀2
𝜀1 − 𝜀2
𝑦𝐶 =
100 − 𝜀1 − 𝜀2
𝜀2
𝑦𝐷 =
100 − 𝜀1 − 𝜀2
Cuando YA=0.05, YB=0.10
50 − 𝜀1 − 𝜀2
0.05 =
100 − 𝜀1 − 𝜀2
𝐹1 (𝜀1 , 𝜀2 ) = (0.05(100 − 𝜀1 − 𝜀2 ) − (50 − 𝜀1 − 𝜀2 ) = 0
50 − 𝜀1
0.1 =
100 − 𝜀1 − 𝜀2
𝐹2 (𝜀1 , 𝜀2 ) = 0.1(100 − 𝜀1 − 𝜀2 ) − 50 − 𝜀1 = 0
𝜀1 = 44.73684
𝜀2 = 2.6316
1)
𝑛𝐴 = 50 − 2.6316 − 44.73684 = 2.6316
𝑛𝐵 = 50 − 44.73684 = 5.2632
𝑛𝐶 = 2.6316 − 44.73684 = 42.106
𝑛𝐷 = 2.6316
𝐾𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑛 = 52.6324
ℎ
2)
42.106
𝑦𝐶 = = 0.8 ; 𝑦𝐷 = 0.05
52.6324
b)
40 − 𝜀1 − 𝜀2
𝑦𝐴 =
80 − 𝜀1 − 2𝜀2
40 − 𝜀1 − 2𝜀2
𝑦𝐵 =
80 − 𝜀1 − 2𝜀2
𝜀1
𝑦𝐶 =
80 − 𝜀1 − 2𝜀2
𝜀2
𝑦𝐷 =
80 − 𝜀1 − 2𝜀2
Cuando YC=0.52, YD=0.04
𝜀1
0.52 =
80 − 𝜀1 − 2𝜀2
𝐹1 (𝜀1 , 𝜀2 ) = 0.52(80 − 𝜀1 − 2𝜀2 ) − 𝜀1
𝜀2
0.04 =
80 − 𝜀1 − 2𝜀2
1)
𝑛𝐴 = 40 − 26 − 2 = 12
𝑛𝐵 = 40 − 26 − 4 = 16
𝑛𝐶 = 26
𝑛𝐷 = 2
c)
𝐾𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑛0𝐴 = 40 = 𝑛0
ℎ
𝜐1 = 1; 𝜐2 = −1
100 − 𝜀1 − 𝜀2
𝑦𝐴 =
100 + 𝜀1 − 𝜀2
𝜀1 − 𝜀2
𝑦𝐵 =
100 + 𝜀1 − 𝜀2
𝜀1
𝑦𝐶 =
100 + 𝜀1 − 𝜀2
𝜀2
𝑦𝐷 =
100 + 𝜀1 − 𝜀2
Cuando YC=0.30, YD=0.10
𝜀1
0.30 =
100 + 𝜀1 − 𝜀2
𝐹1 (𝜀1 , 𝜀2 ) = 0.30(100 + 𝜀1 − 𝜀2 ) − 𝜀1
𝜀2
0.10 =
100 + 𝜀1 − 𝜀2
𝐹2 (𝜀1 , 𝜀2 ) = 0.10(100 + 𝜀1 − 𝜀2 ) − 𝜀2
𝜀1 = 37.5
𝜀2 = 72.5
𝐹2 (𝜀1 , 𝜀2 ) = 0.20(100 − 𝜀1 ) − 𝜀2
25 − 0.25𝜀1 − 𝜀1 = 0
1.25𝜀1 = 25
25
𝜀1 = = 20
1.25
𝜀2 = 16
40 − 𝜀1 − 𝜀2 10 − 20 − 16
𝑦𝐴 = = = 0.05
100 − 𝜀1 100 − 20
60 − 𝜀1 − 𝜀2 60 − 20 − 16
𝑦𝐵 = = = 0.3
100 − 𝜀1 100 − 20
𝜀1 20
𝑦𝐶 = = = 0.25
100 − 𝜀1 100 − 20
𝜀2 16
𝑦𝐷 = = 𝑦𝐸 = ( ) = 0.2
100 − 𝜀1 80
8-.La desintegración del propano es un camino para la producción de olefinas ligeras. Supongamos
que ocurren dos reacciones de desintegración en un reactor de flujo estable:
Calculese la composición del producto si ambas reacciones llegan al equilibrio a 1.2 bar y:
a) 750 K
b) 1000 K
c) 1250 K
Datos.
𝑇0 = 𝑇1 = 25°𝐶 = 298.15 𝐾
𝑃 = 1.2 𝑏𝑎𝑟 ; 𝑃0 = 1.01325 𝑏𝑎𝑟
0 0 0 0 𝐽
̂𝑅0 = ∑ 𝜐𝑖 ∆𝐻
∆𝐻 ̂𝑓𝑖 ̂𝑓:𝐻
= ∆𝐻 ̂𝑓𝐶
+ ∆𝐻 ̂𝑓𝐶
− ∆𝐻 = 124390
2(𝑔) 3 𝐻6(𝑔) 3 𝐻8(𝑔) 𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑖
𝐽
∆𝐺̂𝑅0 = ∑ 𝜐𝑖 ∆𝐺̂𝑓𝑖
0
= ∆𝐺̂𝑓:𝐻
0
+ ∆𝐺̂𝑓𝐶
0
3 𝐻6(𝑔)
− ∆𝐺̂𝑓𝐶
0
3 𝐻8(𝑔)
= 86495
2(𝑔) 𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑖
Calculando las deltas de las constantes
∆𝐶 = ∑ 𝜐𝑖 𝐶𝑖 = 𝐶𝐻2(𝑔) + 𝐶𝐶3 𝐻6(𝑔) − 𝐶𝐶3 𝐻8(𝑔) = [−6.915 + 8.824] ∗ 10−6 = 1.909 ∗ 10−6
𝑖
∆𝐷 = 8300
Calculando alfa
̂𝑅𝑇𝑜
∆𝐻 0
∆𝐵 2 ∆𝐶 3 ∆𝐷
𝛼= − ∆𝐴𝑇0 − 𝑇 − 𝑇 +
𝑅 2 0 3 0 𝑇0
Sustituyendo valores
𝐽
124390 −5.657 ∗ 10−3
𝛼= 𝑚𝑜𝑙 − (3.673 ∗ 298.15) − ( ) (298.152 )
𝐽 2
8.314
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝐾
1.909 ∗ 10−6 8300
−( ) (298.153 ) + ( ) = 14128.8585 𝐾
3 298.15
Calculando ln K1 a 298.15 K
𝐽
−∆𝐺̂𝑅0 (86495 )
𝑚𝑜𝑙
ln 𝐾1 = − = −
𝐽
= −34.8936
𝑅𝑇 (8.314 ) (298.15 𝐾)
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑘
Calculando beta
𝛼 ∆𝐵 ∆𝐶 2 ∆𝐷
𝛽 = ln 𝐾1 + − ∆𝐴𝑙𝑛(𝑇1 ) − 𝑇1 − 𝑇 −
𝑇1 2 6 1 2𝑇12
14128.8585𝐾
𝛽 = −34.8936 + ( ) − (3.673
298.15𝐾
−5.657 ∗ 10−3 1.909 ∗ 10−6
∗ ln 298.15 ) − ( ) (298.15) − ( ) (298.152 )
2 6
8300
−( )
2 ∗ 298.152
𝛽 = −7.66395
Calculando K
𝛼 ∆𝐵 ∆𝐶 2 ∆𝐷
ln 𝐾 = 𝛽 − + ∆𝐴 ln 𝑇 + 𝑇+ 𝑇 + 2
𝑇 2 6 2𝑇
Sustituyendo
14128.8585 𝐾
ln 𝐾 = − 7.66395 − ( ) + (3.673
750𝐾
−5.657 ∗ 10−3 1.909 ∗ 10−6 8300
∗ ln 750) + ( ) (750) + ( ) (7502 ) + ( )
2 6 2 ∗ 7502
ln 𝐾 = −4.12230
𝐾 = 0.01621
0 0 𝐽
̂𝑅0 = ∑ 𝜐𝑖 ∆𝐻
∆𝐻 ̂𝑓𝑖 ̂𝑓𝐶𝐻
= ∆𝐻 ̂𝑓0 𝐶 𝐻
+ ∆𝐻 0
̂𝑓𝐶
− ∆𝐻 = 82670
4(𝑔) 2 4(𝑔) 3 𝐻8(𝑔) 𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑖
𝐽
∆𝐺̂𝑅0 = ∑ 𝜐𝑖 ∆𝐺̂𝑓𝑖
0
= ∆𝐺̂𝑓𝐶𝐻
0
+ ∆𝐺̂𝑓0 𝐶2 𝐻4(𝑔) − ∆𝐺̂𝑓𝐶
0
3 𝐻8(𝑔)
= 42290
4(𝑔) 𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑖
Calculando ln K1 a 298.15 K
𝐽
−∆𝐺̂𝑅0 (42290 )
𝑚𝑜𝑙
ln 𝐾1 = − = −
𝐽
= −17.0605
𝑅𝑇 (8.314 ) (298.15 𝐾)
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑘
Calculando beta
𝛼 ∆𝐵 ∆𝐶 2
𝛽 = ln 𝐾1 + − ∆𝐴𝑙𝑛(𝑇1 ) − 𝑇1 − 𝑇
𝑇1 2 6 1
9589.08323𝐾
𝛽 = −17.0605 + ( ) − (1.913
298.15𝐾
−5.31 ∗ 10−3 2.268 ∗ 10−6
∗ ln 298.15 ) − ( ) (298.15) − ( ) (298.152 )
2 6
𝛽 = 4.95993
Calculando K
𝛼 ∆𝐵 ∆𝐶 2
ln 𝐾 = 𝛽 − + ∆𝐴 ln 𝑇 + 𝑇+ 𝑇
𝑇 2 6
Sustituyendo
9589.08323 𝐾
ln 𝐾 = 4.95993 − ( ) + (1.913
750𝐾
−5.31 ∗ 10−3 2.268 ∗ 10−6
∗ ln 750) + ( ) (750) + ( ) (7502 )
2 6
ln 𝐾 = 3.060061
𝐾 = 21.3289
Para la reacción (1)
Como se considera un gas ideal tenemos:
𝑃 −𝜐 𝜐
𝑘 ( 0 ) = 𝜋𝑦𝑖 𝑖
𝑃
Donde:
𝜐 = 2 − 1 = 1; 𝑛0 = 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙
Entonces:
Donde:
𝑛0𝑖 + ∑𝑖 𝜐𝑖𝑗 𝜀𝑗
𝑦𝑖 =
𝑛0 + ∑𝑗 𝜐𝑖 𝜀𝑗
𝜀1
𝑦𝐻2(𝑔) = 𝑦𝐶3 𝐻6(𝑔) =
1 + 𝜀1 + 𝜀2
Sustituyendo valores
𝜀 2
1.01325 (1 + 𝜀 1 + 𝜀 )
1 2
0.01621 ( )=
1.2 1 − 𝜀1 − 𝜀2
(1 + 𝜀 + 𝜀 )
1 2
𝜀12
0.01369 =
(1 + 𝜀1 + 𝜀2 )(1 − 𝜀1 − 𝜀2 )
𝑃 −1 𝑦 𝐶2 𝐻4(𝑔) 𝑦𝐶𝐻4(𝑔)
𝑘 ( 0) =
𝑃 𝑦𝐶3 𝐻8(𝑔)
Donde:
𝑛0𝑖 + ∑𝑖 𝜐𝑖𝑗 𝜀𝑗
𝑦𝑖 =
𝑛0 + ∑𝑗 𝜐𝑖 𝜀𝑗
𝜀2
𝑦𝐶𝐻4(𝑔) = 𝑦 𝐶2 𝐻4(𝑔) =
1 + 𝜀1 + 𝜀2
Sustituyendo valores
𝜀2 2
1.01325 ( )
1 + 𝜀1 + 𝜀2
21.3284 ( )=
1.2 1−𝜀 −𝜀
(1 + 𝜀1 + 𝜀2 )
1 2
𝜀22
18.0096 =
(1 + 𝜀1 + 𝜀2 )(1 − 𝜀1 − 𝜀2 )
𝜀1 0.0262
𝑦𝐻2(𝑔) = 𝑦𝐶3 𝐻6(𝑔) = = = 0.0133
1 + 𝜀1 + 𝜀2 1 + 0.0262 + 0.9485
𝜀2 0.9485
𝑦𝐶𝐻4(𝑔) = 𝑦 𝐶2 𝐻4(𝑔) = = = 0.4803
1 + 𝜀1 + 𝜀2 1 + 0.0262 + 0.9485
b). T=1000 K
Donde:
𝑛0𝑖 + ∑𝑖 𝜐𝑖𝑗 𝜀𝑗
𝑦𝑖 =
𝑛0 + ∑𝑗 𝜐𝑖 𝜀𝑗
𝜀1
𝑦𝐻2(𝑔) = 𝑦𝐶3 𝐻6(𝑔) =
1 + 𝜀1 + 𝜀2
Sustituyendo valores
𝜀1 2
1.01325 ( )
1 + 𝜀1 + 𝜀2
2.9247 ( )=
1.2 1−𝜀 −𝜀
(1 + 𝜀1 + 𝜀2 )
1 2
𝜀12
2.4695 =
(1 + 𝜀1 + 𝜀2 )(1 − 𝜀1 − 𝜀2 )
Reaccion 2
Calculando K
𝛼 ∆𝐵 ∆𝐶 2
ln 𝐾 = 𝛽 − + ∆𝐴 ln 𝑇 + 𝑇+ 𝑇
𝑇 2 6
Sustituyendo
9589.08323 𝐾
ln 𝐾 = 4.95993 − ( ) + (1.913
1000𝐾
−5.31 ∗ 10−3 2.268 ∗ 10−6
∗ ln 1000) + ( ) (1000) + ( ) (10002 )
2 6
ln 𝐾 = 6.30838
𝐾 = 549.156
Como se considera un gas ideal tenemos:
𝑃 −𝜐 𝜐
𝑘 ( 0 ) = 𝜋𝑦𝑖 𝑖
𝑃
Donde:
𝜐 = 2 − 1 = 1; 𝑛0 = 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙
Entonces:
𝑃 −1 𝑦 𝐶2 𝐻4(𝑔) 𝑦𝐶𝐻4(𝑔)
𝑘 ( 0) =
𝑃 𝑦𝐶3 𝐻8(𝑔)
Donde:
𝑛0𝑖 + ∑𝑖 𝜐𝑖𝑗 𝜀𝑗
𝑦𝑖 =
𝑛0 + ∑𝑗 𝜐𝑖 𝜀𝑗
Para los componentes:
1 − 𝜀1 − 𝜀2
𝑦𝐶3 𝐻8(𝑔) =
1 + 𝜀1 + 𝜀2
𝜀2
𝑦𝐶𝐻4(𝑔) = 𝑦 𝐶2 𝐻4(𝑔) =
1 + 𝜀1 + 𝜀2
Sustituyendo valores
𝜀2 2
1.01325 (1 + 𝜀1 + 𝜀2 )
549.156 ( )=
1.2 1−𝜀 −𝜀
(1 + 𝜀1 + 𝜀2 )
1 2
𝜀22
463.6936 =
(1 + 𝜀1 + 𝜀2 )(1 − 𝜀1 − 𝜀2 )
𝜀1 0.06795
𝑦𝐻2(𝑔) = 𝑦𝐶3 𝐻6(𝑔) = = = 0.034
1 + 𝜀1 + 𝜀2 1 + 0.06795 + 0.9311
𝜀2 0.9311
𝑦𝐶𝐻4(𝑔) = 𝑦 𝐶2 𝐻4(𝑔) = = = 0.4658
1 + 𝜀1 + 𝜀2 1 + 0.06795 + 0.9311
c). T=1250 K
Reaccion 1
𝛼 ∆𝐵 ∆𝐶 2 ∆𝐷
ln 𝐾 = 𝛽 − + ∆𝐴 ln 𝑇 + 𝑇+ 𝑇 + 2
𝑇 2 6 2𝑇
Sustituyendo
14128.8585 𝐾
ln 𝐾 = − 7.66395 − ( ) + (3.673
1250𝐾
−5.657 ∗ 10−3 1.909 ∗ 10−6
∗ ln 1250) + ( ) (1250) + ( ) (12502 )
2 6
8300
+( )
2 ∗ 12502
ln 𝐾 = 4.1889
𝐾 = 65.9516
Donde:
𝑛0𝑖 + ∑𝑖 𝜐𝑖𝑗 𝜀𝑗
𝑦𝑖 =
𝑛0 + ∑𝑗 𝜐𝑖 𝜀𝑗
𝜀1
𝑦𝐻2(𝑔) = 𝑦𝐶3 𝐻6(𝑔) =
1 + 𝜀1 + 𝜀2
Sustituyendo valores
𝜀1 2
1.01325 ( )
1 + 𝜀1 + 𝜀2
65.9516 ( )=
1.2 1−𝜀 −𝜀
(1 + 𝜀1 + 𝜀2 )
1 2
𝜀12
55.6879 =
(1 + 𝜀1 + 𝜀2 )(1 − 𝜀1 − 𝜀2 )
Reaccion 2
Calculando K
𝛼 ∆𝐵 ∆𝐶 2
ln 𝐾 = 𝛽 − + ∆𝐴 ln 𝑇 + 𝑇+ 𝑇
𝑇 2 6
Sustituyendo
9589.08323 𝐾
ln 𝐾 = 4.95993 − ( ) + (1.913
1250𝐾
−5.31 ∗ 10−3 2.268 ∗ 10−6
∗ ln 1250) + ( ) (1250) +( ) (12502 )
2 6
ln 𝐾 = 8.201948
𝐾 = 3648.04935
Como se considera un gas ideal tenemos:
𝑃 −𝜐 𝜐
𝑘 ( 0 ) = 𝜋𝑦𝑖 𝑖
𝑃
Donde:
𝜐 = 2 − 1 = 1; 𝑛0 = 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙
Entonces:
𝑃 −1 𝑦 𝐶2 𝐻4(𝑔) 𝑦𝐶𝐻4(𝑔)
𝑘 ( 0) =
𝑃 𝑦𝐶3 𝐻8(𝑔)
Donde:
𝑛0𝑖 + ∑𝑖 𝜐𝑖𝑗 𝜀𝑗
𝑦𝑖 =
𝑛0 + ∑𝑗 𝜐𝑖 𝜀𝑗
𝜀2
𝑦𝐶𝐻4(𝑔) = 𝑦 𝐶2 𝐻4(𝑔) =
1 + 𝜀1 + 𝜀2
Sustituyendo valores
𝜀2 2
1.01325 ( )
1 + 𝜀1 + 𝜀2
3648.04935 ( )=
1.2 1−𝜀 −𝜀
(1 + 𝜀1 + 𝜀2 )
1 2
𝜀22
3080.3217 =
(1 + 𝜀1 + 𝜀2 )(1 − 𝜀1 − 𝜀2 )
𝜀1 0.11851
𝑦𝐻2(𝑔) = 𝑦𝐶3 𝐻6(𝑔) = = = 0.05926
1 + 𝜀1 + 𝜀2 1 + 0.11851 + 0.8814
𝜀2 0.8814
𝑦𝐶𝐻4(𝑔) = 𝑦 𝐶2 𝐻4(𝑔) = = = 0.
1 + 𝜀1 + 𝜀2 1 + 0.11851 + 0.8814