Strength of Materials Compilation Team Malakas XD 1

QUEZON CITY POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY
673 Quirino Highway, San Bartolome, Novaliches, Quezon City

Electronics Engineering Department
Compilation in
strength of materials
Submitted By:
Aton, Phoebelyn G.
Bagunas, Narizza
Cariño, Marc Elyson
Franco, Paula Jane E.
Lorica, John Dherick L.
Navarro,Mary Grace
Musa, Joshua
Sunga, Bernie
Sumodebilla, Joem
Submitted to:
Engr. Golbandrio T. Teo
1|Page
Table of Contents
PART 1: SEATWORKS................................................3
PART 2: QUIZZES........................................................11
PART 3: MIDTERM......................................................14
PART 4: SAMPLE PROBLEMS...................................18
 BEARING STRESS..........................................19
o Musa, Joshua
 SHEAR AND MOMENT..................................21
o Franco, Paula Jane
 SHEARING DEFORMATION.........................23
o Aton, Phoebelyn
 THERMAL STRESS.........................................26
o Bagunas, Narizza
 DERIVATON OF FLEXURE...........................29
o Navarro, Mary Grace
 MOVING LOADS.............................................33
o Lorica, John Dherick
 TORSION..........................................................37
o Cariño, Marc Elyson
 THIN WALLED CYLINDER...........................39
o Sunga, Bernie
 MOMENT DIAGRAM......................................41
o Sumodebilla, Joem
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SEATWORKS
3|Page
1. What force is required to punch a 20-mm-diameter hole in a plate that is 25 mm thick?

The shear strength is 350 MPa.
Given: Solution:
d=20mm and 25mm P=YA
Y=350MPa =350MPa(20)(25)( π)
P=? P = 549.78KN
2. The end card of a timber truss is framed into the bottom cord as shown neglecting friction
a.) compute dimension b if the bearing stress is 900KPa and
b.) determine dimension C so that the bearing stress does not exceed 7MPa.
Given:
P=50KN Ab=150mm2x10-4=150Cx106
𝑃𝑏
σ= 900KPa Ab= 𝑆𝑏 =150Cx104m2=43.30x103/7x106
τ= 7MPa c=41.2mm
PS= 50cos30=43.30KN
AS=150bmm² x 10-6m2
𝑃𝑆
From AS= 𝑆𝑠
150bx10-6m2=43.30x103/ 900x103 b= 320.7
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1. A cylindrical steel pressure vessel 400 mm in diameter with a wall thickness of 20 mm, is
subjected to an internal pressure of 45MPa.
(a) Calculate the tangential and longitudinal stresses in the steel.
(b) To what value may the internal pressure be increased if the stress in the steel is limited to 120
MN/m2?
(c) If the internal pressure were increased until the vessel burst, sketch the type of fracture that
would occur.
PART A tangential stress longitudinal section
F=2T
PDL=2(σttL)
𝑃𝐷 45(400)
σt= 2𝑇 = 2(20)
σt=450MPa
Longitudinal Stress (transverse

section):
F=P
1/4πd2p= σt(πdt)
45(400)
σt= 4(20)
σt=225MPa
PART B from a
𝑃𝐷 𝑃𝐷
σt= and σt=
2𝑇 4𝑇
𝑃𝐷 𝑃(400)
σt= 2𝑇 = 120= =12MPa
2(20)
C.) The bursting force will cause a stress in the longitudinal section that is twice to that of the
transverse section. Thus, fracture is expected as shown.
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1. An aluminum rod is rigidly attached between a steel rod and a bronze rod as shown in
Figure. Axial loads are applied at the positions indicated. Find the maximum value of
P that will not exceed a stress in steel of 140 MPa, in aluminum of 90 MPa, or in
bronze of 100 MPa.
STEEL:
A=500mm
d=2.5m
σ=140MPa
𝑭
σ=𝑨= F= σA
SP=(140MPa)(5X10-4m)= 70KN/2
P=14KN
BRONZE: ALUMINUM
A=200mm A=400
σ=100MPa σ=90MPa
𝑭
σ=𝑨= F= σA 90MPa(4X10-4)
2P=(100MPa)(2X10-4m) P=36KN
2P/2=20/2
P=10KN
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2. An aircon column of annular cross section has an outer diameter of 200mm and its
subjected to a force of 74KN. Find the thickness of the wall, if the allowable
compressive stress is 10MPa.
Note: D=d+2t
D=big diameter
d=small diameter
t=thickness
𝑃 𝑃
GIVEN: S=𝐴=𝐴 = 𝑆
74𝐾𝑁
δ=10MPa 10𝑀𝑃𝑎
P=74KN A=7.4X10-3m2
D=200mm-0.2
1 1
A=4 𝜋𝑑2 -4 𝜋𝐷2 FROM THE EQUATION
D=d+2t
1 𝑑
A=4 𝜋(D2-d2) t=𝐷 − 2
0.176
d2=D2-4𝐴/ 𝜋 t=0.2 − 2
d2=(0.2)2-4(7.4X10-3m2/ 𝜋) t=12.55mm
=0.04m2-9.423x10-3m2
√𝑑2=√0.030𝑚 𝒅 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟕𝟓
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1. A wire 1.5long has a cross sectional area of 2.4mm2 it is hung vertically and stretches
0.33m when a 10kg block is attached to it. Find
a.)stress
b.)strain
c.)young’s modulus where young’s = σ/E
GIVEN:
L=1.5mm
A=24mm2—2.4x10-4
σ=0.22
𝑭
a.) σ=𝑨=10kg(9.8066)/ 2.4x10-4 =40.861MPa
𝑠
b.) 𝜀 = 𝐿 =0.00032/1.5 =2.12x10-4
𝛔
c.) σ=K 𝜀,k= 𝜀 40.861/2.13x10-4 =191.84GPa
2. A rod is 2m long and made of steel with modulus of elasticity 200GPa. Calculate the
change of length if the force 10KN with a diameter of 10mm.
GIVEN:
d=0.01m
E=200GPa
F=10KN
𝜋𝑑2 𝜋(0.01)2
A=𝐴 = = = 7.854x10-5m2
4 4
𝑃𝐿 10(2)
S=𝐴𝐸=(0.00007854)200𝐺𝑃𝑎 =1.273x10-3
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1. A steel shaft 0.914m long has a diameter of 10.16cm is subjected to a torque of

20.396KNm. determine the maximum shearing stress and the angle of twist
G=83GPa.
GIVEN:
L=0.914m
d=10.16cm=0.1016m
T=20.396
G=83GPa
16𝑇 16(20.396)
Tmax=𝜋𝐷3=𝜋(0.1016)³
=99.05M N/m2
32𝜋 32(20.396)(0.914)
G=𝜋𝐷𝐺= 𝜋(0.1016)(83𝐺𝑃𝑎)
=0.02147 rad
=1.230
2. What is the minimum diameter of a solid steel shaft that will not twist through more
than 30 in a 22.8ft length when subjected to a torque of 8.23klb-ft?what maximum
shearing stress is developed? Use G=387.847klb/ft2.
Given:
Ѳ=30
T=8.83klb.ft
l=22.8ft
4
√32(8.03𝑘𝑙𝑏.𝑓𝑡)(22.8)
D=𝜋(3)(𝜋÷180)(389.847)
D=3.17ft,
16𝑇 16(8.83)
Tmax=𝜋𝐷3=𝜋(3.17)³
=9.8psi
1. A flanged bolt coupling consists of ten steel ½-in.-diameter bolts spaced evenly
around a bolt circle 14 in. in diameter. Determine the torque capacity of the coupling
if the allowable shearing stress in the bolts is 6000 psi.
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GIVEN:
d=0.5in
n=10
J=6000ksi
R=14in
1 1
T=4 𝜋𝑑2Rn---=4 𝜋(0.5)2(6000)(7)(10)
T=82,466.807lb.in
T=6872.23lb.ft
2. A flanged bolt coupling consists of eight 10-mm-diameter steel bolts on a bolt circle
300 mm in diameter, and six 10-mm-diameter steel bolts on a concentric bolt circle
200 mm in diameter. What torque can be applied without exceeding a shearing stress
of 60 MPa in the bolts? Draw the figure
GIVEN:
d=10mm d2=10mm
n=8 n2=6
R=300mm—150mm R2=200—150mm
P1=AT=𝜋(10)2/4 (60)
=4712.389
FOR ONE BOLT IN THE INNER CIRCLE
P1/𝑅 1=𝑃2/R2
4712.389 P2
-- =100
150
P2=3141.593N
T=P1R1N1+P2R2N2
T=4712.389(150)(8)+3141.593(100)(6)
T=7,593,822.6N.mm
T=7.54KN.m
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QUIZZES
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1. A bar of equal length but different materials suspended from a common support as shown
in figure. Compare this strength by reducing the data capacity per unit area?
10mm2 1000mm2
.5KN 5KN
GIVEN:
A1=10mm2 A2=1000mm2
P1=.5KN P2=5KN
𝑭 .5KN 𝑭 5KN
σ=𝑨= 1X10−5 σ=𝑨 = 1X10−5
σ=50MPa σ=5MPa
2. The tensile load in a steel rod is 50,000kg. find the diameter of the rod if the tensile stress
is 1400kg/cm2?
𝑚 𝜋𝑑2
GIVEN: S= 𝐴 A= 4
𝑚 √4𝑚
m=50,000kg S= 𝜋𝑑2 D= 𝜋𝑠
4
√4(50,000𝑘𝑔)
S=1400 = 𝜋(1400)
D=? D=6.74cm
3. A single bolt is used to lap joint two steel bar together. Tensile force on the bar 19.6KN.
Determine the diameter of the bolt required if the allowable shearing stress on it is
68,950KPa.
𝐹 𝐹
GIVEN: 𝜏 = 𝐴 A= 𝜏
F=19.6KN
𝜏 = 68,950𝐾𝑃𝑎 A=19.6/68,950
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A=2.843X10-4m2
𝜋𝑑2
A= 4
d=√4𝐴/𝜋
d=19mm
4. Given a hollow steel tube that carries a tensile load of 540KN at a stress of 138GPa. If
the wall thickness is to be equal to 11.68mm.Determine the outside diameter of a hollow
steel tube? Draw the figure.
GIVEN:
P=540KN
d D σ=138GPa
t=11.68mm—0.01168m
𝑃 𝑃
S=𝐴-- 𝐴 = 𝑆
540
A=138𝐺𝑃𝑎
A=3.91X10-6m
𝜋𝐷 2 𝜋𝑑2
A= − ,d=D-2t
4 4
𝜋𝑑2 𝜋(𝐷−2𝑡)2
3.91X10-6= -
4 4
4.98X10-6=D2-d2-4Dt-4t2
4.98X10-6=4D(0.01168m)-4(0.1168)2
4.98X10-6=0.04672D-545.69X106
550.67X10-6/ 0.04672
D=11.79mm
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MIDTERM
EXAM
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1. A steel wire 6m long hanging vertically, supports a load of 2220N, neglecting the weight
of the wire. Determine the required diameter of the wire, if the stress is not exceed to
138MPa and the total elongation is not exceed 3.3mm. assume E=206,840MPa?
GIVEN:
𝜋𝑑2
P=2220N 𝐴= 4
√4𝐴
E=206,840MPa d= 𝜋 = √4(1.95X10 − 5)/ 𝜋
L=6m d=4.984mm
𝜎 = 3.3𝑚𝑚
𝑃𝐿 2220(6)
A=𝜎𝐸=3.3(206,840𝑀𝑃𝑎)=1.95X10-5
2. A steel rod with a cross sectional area of 1.61cm2 is stretched between two fixed points
the tensile load at 70℉ is 5,352N, what will be the stress at 0℉?at what temperature will
be the stress be zero? Assume 𝛿=6.5x10-6cm/cm E=207GPa.
GIVEN:
A=1.61cm2
d=6.5x10-6
E=207GPa
T=70℉
P=5352N
𝑃𝐿
E∝ (∆𝑇) SP=𝐴𝐸
𝑃 5352
𝜎 =∝ (∆𝑇)+𝐴 = 207x109(6.5x10-6)( 70℉)+0.0161 =94.5MPa
-6 -6
(6.5x10 )=1.61x10 +4.55
(6.5x10-6)T=4.566x10-4
T=70.25℉
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3. A 6.5m solid steel shaft is subjected to a 13,561N.m torque, if the angle of twist is 3.
Determine also the maximum shearing stress developed G=82.69GPa.
GIVEN:
𝜃=3
T=13561N.m
G=82.69GPa
L=6.5m
𝑇𝐿 𝑇𝐿
𝜃 = 𝐽𝐺 ==J=𝜃𝐺
(13,561𝑁.𝑚)(6.5𝑚)
𝐽= 3𝜋/180(82.69)
=2.036x10-5m4
𝜋𝑑2
𝐽=𝐴= 32
𝑑 = ∜32(2.036x10-5)/𝜋
𝒅 = 𝟏𝟐𝟎𝒎𝒎
16𝑇
Max.𝛾 = 𝜋𝑑3 =16(13,561)/𝜋(0.12)m3
Max.𝜸 = 𝟑𝟗. 𝟗𝟔𝟗𝑴𝑷𝒂
4. A machine with a spindle 55mm in diameter transmit at 480rpm, stress allowed for shaft
is 59N/m2, calculate its torque.
GIVEN:
d=55mm—0.55m)3
𝜎 = 59𝑁/𝑚2
16𝑇
γ=
T𝑑3
γ𝜋𝑑3 16𝑇
= 16
16
γ𝜋𝑑 3
T=
16
T=59𝑁/𝑚(𝜋)(0.55x10-3)3/16
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T=1.927mm
5. A 183m steel rod whose cross sectional area is 323mm2 is suspended vertically and
support a load of 22.24KN at the lower end, if the steel weight (w=76,910N/m3) and
E=200GPa, compute the total Elongation in the rod.
𝑙 𝑤𝑙
Note:𝛿 = 𝑤𝑓. =𝐴. 𝑙 =𝑤l2/2E
2𝐴𝐸 2𝐴𝐸
GIVEN:
A=323mm2
W=76,910N/m3
E=200GPa
L=183m
𝑊. L2
𝛿=
2𝐸
76,910(183𝑚2 )
= 2(200)
=6.439m
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Report
example
problems
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Musa, Joshua (BEARING STRESS)

1. assume that a 20-mm-diameter rivet joins the plates that are each 110 mm wide. The
allowable stresses are 120 MPa for bearing in the plate material and 60 MPa for shearing
of rivet. Determine (a) the minimum thickness of each plate; and (b) the largest average
tensile stress in the plates.
Given:
From shearing of rivet: From bearing of plate material:

P=τArivetsP=τArivets P=σbAbP=σbAb
P=60[14π(202)]P=60[14π(202)] 6000π=120(20t)6000π=120(20t)
P=6000πNP t=7.85mm
P=3141.593N
Part (b):
Largest average tensile stress in the plate:
P=σAP=σA
6000π=σ[7.85(110−20)]6000π=σ[7.85(110−20)]
σ=26.67MPa
2. The lap joint is fastened by four ¾-in.-diameter rivets. Calculate the maximum safe load
P that can be applied if the shearing stress in the rivets is limited to 14 ksi and the bearing
stress in the plates is limited to 18 ksi. Assume the applied load is uniformly distributed
among the four rivets.
19 | P a g e
Based on shearing of rivets: Safe load P,

P=τAP=τA P=24.74kips
P=14[4(14π)(34)2]P=14[4(14π)(34)2]
P=24.74kips
Based on bearing of plates:

P=σbAbP=σbAb
P=18[4(34)(78)]P=18[4(34)(78)]
P=47.25kips
3. In the clevi find the minimum bolt diameter and the minimum thickness of each yoke that
will support a load P = 14 kips without exceeding a shearing stress of 12 ksi and a
bearing stress of 20 ksi.
For shearing of rivets (double shear)

P=τAP=τA
14=12[2(14πd2)]14=12[2(14πd2)]
d=0.8618in→ diameter of bolt
For bearing of yoke:

P=σbAbP=σbAb
14=20[2(0.8618t)]14=20[2(0.8618t)]
t=0.4061in→ thickness of yoke
20 | P a g e
FRANCO,PAULA JANE E. (SHEAR AND MOMENT)
Solve the Beam loaded as shown in Figure
ΣMA=0 ΣMD=0
12RD+4800=3(2000) 12RA=9(2000)+4800
6000-4800=1200/12 RA=1900LB
RD=100lb
Segment AB: Segment BC:
VAB=1900lb VBC=1900−2000
MAB=1900xlb⋅ft VBC=−100lb
MBC=1900x−2000(x−3)
MBC=1900x−2000x+6000
MBC=−100x+6000lb⋅ft
Segment CD:
VCD=1900−2000
VCD=−100lb
2. Solve the Cantilever beam loaded as shown in Figure.
21 | P a g e
Segment AB: Segment BC:

VAB=−20xkN VBC=−20(3)
MAB=−20x(x/2) VBC=−60kn
MAB=−10x2kN⋅m MBC=−20(3)(x−1.5)
MBC=−60(x−1.5)kN⋅
Segment CD:
VCD=−20(3)+40
VCD=−20kN
MCD=−20(3)(x−1.5)+40(x−5)
MCD=−60(x−1.5)+40(x−5)kN⋅m
3. Beam loaded as shown
From the load diagram: Segment AB:

ΣMB=0ΣMB=0 VAB=−30kNVAB=−30kN
5RD+1(30)=3(50) MAB=−30xkN
RD=24kN
Segment BC:
ΣMD=0ΣMD=0 VBC=−30+56VBC=−30+56
5RB=2(50)+6(30) VBC=26kN MBC=−30x+56(x−1)
RB=56kN MBC=26x−56kN⋅m
Segment CD:
VCD=−30+56−50VCD=−30+56−50
VCD=−24kN
MCD=−30x+56(x−1)−50(x−4)
MCD=−30x+56x−56−50x+200
MCD=−24x+144kN⋅m
22 | P a g e
ATON, PHOEBELYN G. (SHEARING DEFORMATION)

1. A solid cylinder of diameter d carries an axial load P. Show that its change in diameter is
4Pν / πEd.
2. A rectangular steel block is 3 inches long in the x direction, 2 inches long in the y
direction, and 4 inches long in the z direction. The block is subjected to a triaxial loading
of three uniformly distributed forces as follows: 48 kips tension in the x direction, 60 kips
compression in the y direction, and 54 kips tension in the z direction. If ν = 0.30 and E =
29 × 106 psi, determine the single uniformly distributed load in the x direction that would
produce the same deformation in the y direction as the original loading.
23 | P a g e
For triaxial deformation (tensile triaxial stresses):

(compressive stresses are negative stresses)
εy is negative, thus, tensile force is required in the x-direction to produce the same
deformation in the y-direction as the original forces.
For equivalent single force in the x-direction:
(uniaxial stress)
24 | P a g e
3. the block loaded triaxially as described in Prob.2, find the uniformly distributed load that
must be added in the x direction to produce no deformation in the z direction.
εz is positive, thus positive stress is needed in the x-direction to eliminate deformation in

z-direction.
The application of loads is still simultaneous:

(No deformation means zero strain)
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BAGUNAS,NARIZZA (THERMAL STRESS)
1. A timber column, 8 in. × 8 in. in cross section, is reinforced on each side by a

steel plate 8 in. wide and t in. thick. Determine the thickness t so that the column
will support an axial load of 300 kips without exceeding a maximum timber stress
of 1200 psi or a maximum steel stress of 20 ksi. The moduli of elasticity are 1.5 ×
106 psi for timber, and 29 × 106 psi for steel.
2. A reinforced concrete column 200 mm in diameter is designed to carry an axial

compressive load of 300 kN. Determine the required area of the reinforcing steel
if the allowable stresses are 6 MPa and 120 MPa for the concrete and steel,
respectively. Use Eco = 14 GPa and Est = 200 GPa.
26 | P a g e
Use σco = 6 MPa and σst = 85.71 MPa.
3. A steel bar 50 mm in diameter and 2 m long is surrounded by a shell of a cast iron

5 mm thick. Compute the load that will compress the combined bar a total of 0.8
mm in the length of 2 m. For steel, E = 200 GPa, and for cast iron, E = 100 GPa.
27 | P a g e
NAVARRO, MARY GRACE (derivation of flexure formula)
1. A cantilever beam, 50 mm wide by 150 mm high and 6 m long, carries a load that
varies uniformly from zero at the free end to 1000 N/m at the wall. (a) Compute
the magnitude and location of the maximum flexural stress. (b) Determine the
type and magnitude of the stress in a fiber 20 mm from the top of the beam at a
section 2 m from the free end.
28 | P a g e
29 | P a g e
2. A simply supported beam, 2 in wide by 4 in high and 12 ft long is subjected to a

concentrated load of 2000 lb at a point 3 ft from one of the supports. Determine
the maximum fiber stress and the stress in a fiber located 0.5 in from the top of
the beam at midspan.
30 | P a g e
3. A high strength steel band saw, 20 mm wide by 0.80 mm thick, runs over pulleys 600
mm in diameter. What maximum flexural stress is developed? What minimum
diameter pulleys can be used without exceeding a flexural stress of 400 MPa?
Assume E = 200 GPa.
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LORICA, JOHN DHERICK (MOVING LOADS)
1. A truck with axle loads of 40 kN and 60 kN on a wheel base of 5 m rolls

across a 10-m span. Compute the maximum bending moment and the
maximum shearing force.
R=40+60=100Kn
xR=40(5)
x=200
x=200/100
x=2m
33 | P a g e
2. Repeat Prob. 453 using axle loads of 30 kN and 50 kN on a wheel base of 4 m

crossing an 8-m span.
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3. A tractor weighing 3000 lb, with a wheel base of 9 ft, carries 1800 lb of its
load on the rear wheels. Compute the maximum moment and maximum shear
when crossing a 14 ft-span.
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36 | P a g e
Cariño, Marc Elyson (TORSION)

1.A steel marine propeller shaft 14 in. in diameter and 18 ft long is used to transmit 5000 hp at
189 rpm. If G = 12 × 106 psi, determine the maximum shearing stress.
2. A solid steel shaft 5 m long is stressed at 80 MPa when twisted through 4°. Using G = 83 GPa,
compute the shaft diameter. What power can be
transmitted by the shaft at 20 Hz?
37 | P a g e
3. A 2-in-diameter steel shaft rotates at 240 rpm. If the shearing stress is limited to 12 ksi,
determine the maximum horsepower that can be transmitted.
38 | P a g e
Sunga, Bernie (THIN WALLED CYLINDER)

1. A cylindrical steel pressure vessel 400 mm in diameter with a wall thickness of 20 mm, is
subjected to an internal pressure of 4.5 MN/m2. (a) Calculate the tangential and
longitudinal stresses in the steel. (b) To what value may the internal pressure be increased
if the stress in the steel is limited to 120 MN/m2? (c) If the internal pressure were
increased until the vessel burst, sketch the type of fracture that would occur.
Part (a)
Tangential stress (longitudinal section):
39 | P a g e
2. The wall thickness of a 4-ft-diameter spherical tank is 5/16 inch. Calculate the allowable
internal pressure if the stress is limited to 8000 psi.
3. Calculate the minimum wall thickness for a cylindrical vessel that is to carry a gas at a
pressure of 1400 psi. The diameter of the vessel is 2 ft, and the stress is limited to 12 ksi.
40 | P a g e
Sumodebilla, Joem (MOMENT DIAGRAM)
1. A section used in aircraft is constructed of tubes connected by thin webs as shown

in Figure. Each tube has a cross-sectional area of 0.20 in2. If the average stress in
the tubes is no to exceed 10 ksi, determine the total uniformly distributed load that
can be supported in a simple span 12 ft long. Neglect the effect of the webs.
41 | P a g e
2. A 50-mm diameter bar is used as a simply supported beam 3 m long. Determine

the largest uniformly distributed load that can be applied over the right two-thirds
of the beam if the flexural stress is limited to 50 MPa.
42 | P a g e
3. A simply supported rectangular beam, 2 in wide by 4 in deep, carries a uniformly

distributed load of 80 lb/ft over its entire length. What is the maximum length of
the beam if the flexural stress is limited to 3000 psi?
43 | P a g e

Strength of Materials Compilation Team Malakas XD 1

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QUEZON CITY POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY

673 Quirino Highway, San Bartolome, Novaliches, Quezon City

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