MODULE 1 :

• BASIC CONCEPTS OF SPORTS

• COMPONENTS OF PHYSICAL FITNESS
• CLASSIFICATION OF SPORT
BASIC CONCEPTS OF SPORTS
(Ryan)
Exercise or Physical activity:
Includes anything that gets you moving
Eg: Walking, dancing, or
working in the yard.

Sports: It is all forms of

competitive physical activity
COMPONENTS OF PHYSICAL
FITNESS

SKILL RELATED
involves skills that will enhance one’s
performance in athletic or sports events
Speed: The ability to move quickly from one point
to another in a straight line.
For example, when playing golf,
the speed of your arms and upper
body and creating the swing
are vital in driving the ball over a long
distance.
Reaction Speed and Time: The ability to reach
or respond quickly to what you hear, see, or feel
Responding to the gun at the start of a race,
goalkeeper saving a penalty, or a badminton
player reacting to a smash shot.
Balance: The ability to maintain an upright
posture while still or moving
In gymnastics and ballet where
having good balance may
prevent you being
tackled to the floor
Coordination: Integration with hand and/or foot
movements with the input of the senses.
Hand-eye coordination in racket sports and the
co-ordination to use the opposite arm and leg
when sprinting.
Power:
The ability to do strength work at an explosive pace.
For example, a sprint start, a shot-put or
javelin throw or long-jump.
Agility: The ability of the body to change
direction quickly
In sports such as football and rugby where the player with
the ball dodges a defender,or in badminton or
tennis, moving around the court quickly to reach the
shuttlecock/ball in time.
COMPONENTS OF PHYSICAL FITNESS
(Ryan)

HEALTH RELATED
involves skills that enable one to become
and stay physically healthy
Cardiovascular Fitness: The ability of the
circulatory system (heart and blood vessels) to
supply oxygen to working muscles during
exercise.
Body Composition: The relative percentage of
body fat compared to lean body mass
(muscle, bone, water,etc)
3. Flexibility: The range of movement
possible at various joints
Muscular strength: The amount of
force that can be produced by a
single contraction of a muscle

Muscular endurance:
The ability of a muscle
group to continue muscle
movement over a
length of time.
CLASSIFICATION
OF SPORTS
 a)
AEROBIC, ANAEROBIC, INTERM
ITTENT
(Ryan)EXERCISE
AEROBICS EXERCISE
• Aerobic literally means "with oxygen", and refers to the use of
oxygen in muscles' energy-generating process

• In such exercise, oxygen is used to "burn" fats and glucose in

order to produce adenosine triphosphate, the basic energy
carrier for all cells.

• Aerobic exercise includes lower intensity activities performed

for longer periods of time.

• Activities like walking, jogging, and cycling require a great deal

of oxygen to make the energy needed for prolonged exercise..
ANAEROBIC EXERCISE
• The term "anaerobic" means "without air" or "without
oxygen."

• Anaerobic exercise helps us increase our muscle strength and

stay ready for quick bursts of speed.

• Anaerobic exercise uses muscles at high intensity and a high

rate of work for a short period of time.

• Anaerobic exercise is typically used by athletes in non-

endurance sports to build power and by body builders to
build muscle mass.
INTERMITTENT EXERCISE

Intermittent Exercise alternates spurts of intensive exertion

(work interval) with periods of lower intensity activity (relief
period) or rest in one exercise session

Eg: Soccer , Basketball

Soccer players are required to alternate between various modes

of activity such as walking, standing, running, sprinting and
jumping
b) ENDURANCE AND
RESISTANCE EXERCISES
(Anandini)
ENDURANCE EXERCISE
• Activity for a long period of time

• Relies on the aerobic system for energy

• Aerobic system provides energy over long duration

• Examples : running, swimming, cycling

• Examples in team sports
Benefits of endurance exercise:

• Promotes cardiovascular health

• Strengthens joints
• Increases mental awareness
• Improves efficiency of respiratory system
• Lowers tiredness
• Increases metabolism
STRENGTH EXERCISE

• Muscle contraction - increases muscle mass

• Build strength and size of skeletal muscles

• Anaerobic form of exercise

Benefits of strength exercise:

• Improved muscle strength & tone

• Weight Management
• Improves posture
• Increases bone density
• Lowers body fat
• Boosts metabolism
c) ISOMETRIC AND ISOTONIC
EXERCISE. INDIVIDUAL SPORTS

(Shona)
ISOMETRIC EXERCISE

• Doesn't altering the length of muscles

• There is no joint movement.
• Hold a pose for as long as you can
• Don't move or put your muscle(s)
through any range of motion.

Examples would include:

1) Holding a static pushup position;
2) Holding a dumbbell in one hand
3) Pushing against an immovable object,
such as a wall.
4) Pressing the hands together
ISOTONIC
• EXERCISE
• Alters the length of muscles
• There is joint movement.
• Isotonic exercises involve a eccentric (lowering phase) and a
concentric (lifting phase)
• Muscles working through a range of motion.

Examples would include

Lifting weights,
swimming,
rock climbing, cycling
TEAM SPORTS
Hockey, Football, Cricket,
Baseball, Basketball, Volleyball,
Tennis, Water polo, Rowing, Rugby

INDIVIDUAL SPORTS
Golf, Cycling,
Sprinting,
Archery, Shot put