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Blair Stringam, Department of Extension Plant Sciences, New Mexico State University
A brief explanation of the origin of the Watt determined that by recording the
horsepower unit and how it relates to the distance a horse traveled in a specific
power ratings of modern irrigation pumps time while pulling a known weight against
– along with information about water gravitational force could measure the
horsepower, pump horsepower and pump power the horse produced. After several
efficiency. observations, Watt concluded a strong horse
could provide 550 foot-pounds per second
Origin of the Horsepower Unit of power.
James Watt was an engineer, inventor
and entrepreneur who lived during the late Water and Pump Horsepower
1700s. His work on improving the efficiency To fully understand water horsepower, it
of the steam engine was crucial to the is important to understand the terminology
industrial revolution. involved in deriving such a unit. The term
During the time of Watt’s life, horses energy is defined as the capacity to do
were the main source of energy for work. Power is the rate at which energy
applications like pulling carts, turning flows or at which energy is used per unit
grinding mill wheels and providing of time. It also is the rate at which work
movement to industrial machines. As the is performed. In other words, power is
availability of steam engines increased, a the amount of energy used to do work
means of providing understandable power or how quickly work can be done. Water
ratings became important. Comparing horsepower is the minimum power required
the power output of a steam engine to a to move water. In other words, it is the
corresponding number of horses was an power a pump would require if the pump
easy way for prospective engine owners to was 100 percent efficient. The water
understand and compare power ratings. horsepower can be determined if the flow
rate of the water and the force (pressure)
required to produce that flow is known.
To calculate water horsepower, the
following formula can be used.
References
Water horsepower is illustrated Dickinson, H.W. James Watt . 1. 1. Cambridge: Messers
as moving a volume of water Babcock and Wilcox, 1935. 144-145.
a specified distance. Hart, Ivor. James Watt And The History Of Steam Power. 1. 1.
New York: Henry Schuman, 1949. 86-88.
Fox, Robert, Alan McDonald, and Philip Pritchard. Fluid
Mechanics. 8th. 1. New York: Wiley, 2011.
Pump Efficiency
No pump can convert all of its mechanical
power into water power. Mechanical power
is lost in the pumping process due to friction
losses and other physical losses. It is
because of these losses that the horsepower
going into the pump has to be greater than
the water horsepower leaving the pump.
The efficiency of any given pump is defined
as the ratio of the water horsepower out
of the pump compared to the mechanical
horsepower into the pump. www.LSUAgCenter.com
Louisiana State University Agricultural Center
William B. Richardson, Chancellor
Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station
John S. Russin, Vice Chancellor and Director
If the pump in the last example required Louisiana Cooperative Extension Service
17 horsepower to provide 13 water Paul D. Coreil, Vice Chancellor and Director
horsepower, the pump efficiency is:
Pub. 3241 A (200) 7/12