- :2019: - (As per the, Ashish Sir’s Notes)

- :Economics – II {For the “Honours” Only}: -

- :[For Marks 50, in total]: -

- :“Module – I”: -
- :[Conceptual Frameworks of the “Macro-economics”]: - [“সসসসসসসস-সসসসসসসস”, সসসসসসসসসসসস “সসসসসসস
সসসসসসসসসস”]

1). What is meant by the “Macroeconomics?”

- :[National Incomes Discernment]: - [“সসসসসস-সসসসস” সসসসসসসস]

1). What is the “Basic Objective”, of the ‘Study, of the “Macroeconomics?” Make, a distinction, in between, the “Stock
Concepts” and the, “Flow Concepts”, in the ‘Macroeconomic Theories.’ What is meant by the, “Depreciation of the
Capital?” What are the, “Value-added Methods”, for the ‘Measurements’, of the, “National Incomes”? What do you mean
by the “Income Methods”, for the “Measurements”, of the, “National Incomes”? What is meant by the, “GDP Deflators”?
What, is meant by the, “Expenditures Methods”, for the ‘Measurements’, of the, “National Incomes”? Indicate, the
distinctions, in between; “Nominal Gross Domestic Products”, and the, “Real Gross National Products”.
2). What do you mean by the, “Transfers’ Income”? How, is the, “Personal Income”, different from the “National
Incomes”? Distinguish, in between, the, “Nominal National Incomes” and, the “Real National Incomes.” What, is meant by
the, “Problems of the Double-counting”, in case of the ‘National-Incomes Discernment’?
3). Distinguish, in between, the, “Micro Economic Theories” and the, “Macro Economic Theories”. What, is meant by the,
“Circular Flows of the Incomes”. Identify, the, ‘Two Drawbacks’, as regards, the, “Determinations of the National
Incomes” in the, ‘Under-developed Countries’ like, the, “India”.
4). Identify, the, distinctions, in between the, “GNP”, and the “GDP, at the Markets’ Prices”. What is meant by the, “Real
Gross National Products”, in the, ‘General Sense’?
5). How would you consider the, “Pension and the, Unemployment Compensations”, in the, ‘National Incomes
Accounting’? “ভভভভভভ ভভভভভ “ভভভভভভভভভভভ ভভভভভভ ভভভভভভ-ভভভভ ভভভভভভ” ভভভভভ ভভভভভভভভ
‘ভভভভভ ভভভভভভভ”-ভভ ভভভভভভ ভভভভ”

- :[Theory of the Equilibrium Incomes’ Determinations.]: - [“সসসসসসসস সসসসসস-সসসসস” সসসসসসসস]

1). Briefly, deliberate, the, “Simple Keynesian-model of the Income Determinations”.
2). Deliberate, the, “Keynesians Theory of Investment Multipliers”. Identify, the, “Sources of the Leakages of the,
Investment-multipliers”. How would you derive, the, “Savings’ Functions from the, Consumption Functions”? Explain,
the, “Equilibriums Income Determinations”, with the help of the “Savings-Investments Approach”.
3). What, do you mean by the, “Keynesians Consumption-Functions”? Mention, the ‘Characteristics’, of this “Keynesian-
Consumptions Functions”. Also show that, “MPC+MPS = 1”.
4). Presume that, both the, “Savings and the Investments”, are the, ‘Functions of the Incomes’, and, further that, the,
“Marginal Propensity to Save (MPS)”, is the heavier/greater than, the “Marginal Propensity to Invest (MPI)”. In allusion
to it, “Prove that”, the, “People increase their desires to save out, will ultimately result in a Lower-Levels of the aggregate
Savings, in the economy”.
5). Derive, the, “Government Disbursements’ Multipliers”, in the context of the ‘National Incomes Determinations”.
Derive, the, “Tax Multipliers”, in the context of the, “National-Incomes Determinations”. How, would you derive,
“Balanced-Budgets Multipliers”?
6). Explain, how the, “Equilibrium-Incomes”, is discerned by the, “Savings-Investments Equality”?
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 - :Some Practical Problems as regards this Appendix: - {কককককক কককককককক কককককককককক
ককককককককক কককককককককক}
1). If, the, C = 100+0.8Y, I = 50, Find out, the, “Equilibriums Levels of the National-Incomes”. Enumerate, the “Savings”,
at the, ‘Equilibrium’. If, Y = 800, what, would be the, “Inventory Accumulations”?
2). If, the, “Autonomous-Investments” rise up by the, amount of ₹ 100, what would be its, “Impacts”, on the,
‘Equilibriums-Levels of the National Incomes’? Enumerate, further, the “Magnitudes of the Investments Multiplier”.
3). If, the, “Savings-Function”, is S = (-)50+0.2Y; and the, I = ₹ 50; ‘Enumerate’, the, “Equilibrium-Levels of the National
Incomes”.
4). If, the, C = ₹40+0.8Y, I = ₹60; and the, G = ₹10; “Direct Tax” (T) = ₹10, Enumerate, the, “Equilibrium-Levels of the
National Incomes”.
5). If, the, C = ₹40+0.8Yd ; I = ₹60; G = ₹10; Discern, the, “Equilibrium-Levels of the National-Incomes”.

[“সসসসসসসস সসসসস” সসস “সসসসস সসসসসসস”

- :[Commodity Markets’ and Money Markets’ Equilibrium]: -
সসসসসসসস]
1). How will you derive, the, “IS-Curves”?
2). Explain, the, “Slope of the IS-Curves”, in your own words.
3). Mention, the, “Shapes of the IS-Curves”, in case, when, the “Investment”, is “Interests Inelastic”.
4). What, will be the, “Shapes of the IS-Curves”, when the “Investments”, are the ‘Perfectly Inelastic’?
5). What, will be the, “Impact”, upon the, “IS-Curve”, if the “Government Expenditures” augment?
6). What, would be the, “Impacts” upon, the, “IS-Curves”, if the, ‘Amounts of Taxes’, increase?
7). Explain, the, “Keynesian’s Theory of the Demand for Money”.
8). Explain, the, “Liquidity Preferences Theory of the Interests”.
Or;
How is the, “Equilibriums Rates of the Interests”, determined through the, “Demand for” and the “Supply of the Moneys”?
9). What, do you mean by the, “LM-Curves”? How will you derive the, “LM-Curves”?
10). Deliberate, with the, help of the, “IS-LM Models”, the ‘Equilibrium Incomes’, and the, ‘Rates of the Interests’.
11). Explain, the, “Different Possible Slopes”, of the “LM-Curves”.
12). Explain, the, “Different Slopes”, of the, “LM-Curves”.
13). What, will be, in the “Keynesian’s Frameworks”, the, “Shapes of the Curves”, showing the, “Equilibrium”, in the
‘Money Markets’, when, the, “Supply of the Money” is exogenously given? What will be the, “Curve Shift”, in the, events of
the “Increase in the Money Markets”?
14). If the, “Autonomous Investment” increases, how is the, “IS-Curves”, affected? Deliberate, its, “Overall Impacts upon
the equilibrium incomes and the, rates of the interests”.
15). Derive, the, “Curves”, indicating, “Everywhere”, upon “Itself” the, “Equilibrium”, in the “Commodity Markets”.
16). Explain, diagrammatically, how the, “LM-Curves”, shift with a change, in the, “Money Supplies”?
17). How are, the, “Interests Rates”, and, the “National Incomes”, affected, by a rise, in the, “Supplies of the Moneys”?
18). If, there is an augmentation, in the, “Supply of the Money”, what, will be, its “Impacts upon the LM-Curves”?
19). How are, the, “Interests Rates” and, the, “National-Incomes”, affected by a ‘rise’, in the, “Government Disbursements
/ Expenditures”?
20). How, are the, “Interest Rates” and the, “National-Incomes”, affected, by a ‘rise’, in the, “Supply of Money” or
“Decrease in the Price Levels”?
- :{Problems as Regards the, “IS – LM Curves”.}: - {“IS – LM সসসস সসসসসসসসসসসস সসসসসস
সসসসসসসস সসসসসসসসসস}
Let; C = ₹150+0.50Y ; I = ₹200-400r ; M1 = 0.25Y ; M2 = ₹50-100r ; and the, MS =₹ 180 ; Determine, the, “IS
– LM Functions” and the, “Equilibrium Values of the, Incomes (Y)” and the, “Rates of Interests (r)”, which,
keep, both the, “Products” and the, “Money – Markets”, in ‘Equilibriums’.
- :[A Portion of the, “National – Incomes Discernments” have been provided herewith]: -
{“সসসসসস – সসস সসসসসসসস” সসসসসসসসসসসস সসসসস “সসসসসসসসসস”}
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 21). How would you treat/consider, the following issues; while, estimating the, “National-Incomes” :
i). Services provided by a “Housewife/House-wives”.
ii). Assistances acquired by flood-stricken.
iii). Funding by selling out the, “Debentures”.
22). Whether, the followings be considered, in the, computation of the, “National Incomes” :
i). “Capital Gains”, from selling out, the, “House”.
ii). “Prize-Money” achieved, from the, “Lotteries”.
iii). “Interests”, received from the, emption, of the, “Government Debentures”.
iv). “Remunerations”, or the, “Salaries”, paid off to a “Russian Employee, situated in the Russia”, under
the “Indian Embassy”.
v). “Remunerations/Salaries”, received, by an, “Actively Employed Indians, situated in the India”,
under the, “Russian Embassy”.
vi). “Profits of the “Indian Companies”, gained from, the, “Singapore, Branch Offices”.
vii). “Conveyance Costs”, of a “Production Company”.
viii). “House Building Expenditures”.
ix). “Prize acquired by an Employee”.
x). “Purchase, of the, New Machinery, by a Production Unit”.
xi). “Interests, paid off, on the, Loans taken up, prior to the, Purchases of a Private Motor Cars”.

- :[“Moneys and Inflations”]: - [“অঅঅঅ অ অঅঅঅঅঅঅঅঅঅঅঅ” অঅঅঅঅঅঅঅঅ “অঅঅঅঅঅঅঅঅঅ”]

1). Explain, the, “Concepts of the, “Demand-Pull Inflations”.
2). Deliberate, the, concepts of the, “Inflationary Gaps”.
3). Deliberate, the, concepts, of the, “Deflationary Gaps”.
4). Identify the, effects, of the, “Inflations”, upon the, ‘Economy.
5). Explain, the, “Causes,” of the, ‘Inflations’.
6). Explain, the, “Concepts”, of the, “Cost-Push Inflations”.
7). Make, a ‘distinction’, in between, the, “Demands – Pull Inflations”, and the, “Cost – Push Inflations”.
8). Deliberate, the, “Measures to overcome the, situations, of the “Excess-Demands” and the, “Deficient-Demands”.
9). Explain, the, “Measures, to Control the, Inflations”.
11). Mention, what are the, “Objectives”, of the, “Monetary Policies” and the, “Fiscal Policies”.
12). Mention, the, “Limitations”, as regards, the “Monetary and the, Fiscal Policies”.
13). Define, the, “Supply of Money”, and the, its “Components”.
14). Explain, the, “Quality Theory of the Money”. In allusion to it, mention, its “Limitations or the Drawbacks”.
15). Deliberate, the, “Procedures” of the, “Credit-Creations”.
16). Elaborately, mention, the, “Concepts” of the, “Money Multipliers”; What do you mean by the, “High – Powered
Moneys”.
১১). কককককককককককক-ক কককককককককক কককক ককককককক কককক Mention, the, “Types, of the, Inflations”.
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