Lab Activity I

REGENERATION OF NILEM FISH FINS

Day : Thursday
Date : 15th November 2018

Name : Devina Alifah

Student ID : B1B017010
Group :2
Subgroup : VII
Assistant : Monica Widianti

LABORATORY OF ANIMAL STRUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT

FACULTY OF BIOLOGY
JENDERAL SOEDIRMAN UNIVERSITY
PURWOKERTO
2018
 I. INTRODUCTION

A. Aims

The aims of this practical is can draw the regeneration process of nilem fish
(Osteochilus vittatus) fins.

B. Benefits
The benefits of this practical class is increasing our knowledge about
regeneration process at fish.

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 II. MATERIALS AND WORK PROCEDURES

A. Materials

The tools that used in this practical class are scissors, millimetre block,
magnifying glass, sieve, aerator and container.
The materials that used in this practical class are Nilem fish (Osteochilus
vittatus) with the high of 10-15 cm, pellets, and well water.

B. Work Procedures

The work procedures that used in this practical class are:

1. Fish nilem taken from the aquarium using a sieve.
2. Total length of Nilem fish fin is measured using millimeter block.
3. The fin on the pectoral / abdominal part is cut using scissors.
4. The remaining fin is measured.
5. Fish are put into container and kept for 2 weeks.
6. The fish are taken and the water is changed every 3 days and fed with fish pellets
for everyday.
7. Total length is measured every 7 days for 2 weeks.
8. Nilem fish are photographed.

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 III. RESULT AND DISCUSSION

A. Result

Table 1. Observation Data of Nilem Fish Fin Regeneration

Late Fin Length (mm)
Early Fin
Entourage Group Fin Regeneration Day- Day-
Length Day-14
0 7
1/V Right Pectoral Fin 23 13 14 16
2/V Left Pectoral Fin 23 7 13 13
3/V Right Abdominal Fin 20 4 12 13/11 days
1
4/V Left Abdominal Fin 23 6 8 12
5/V Upper Caudal Fin 32 23 24 24/4 days

1/VI Right Pectoral Fin 20 10 11 12

2/VI Left Pectoral Fin 17 7 7 8/8days
3/VI Right Abdominal Fin 15 6 8 9
2
4/VI Left Abdominal Fin 20 10 11 12/8 days
5/VI Upper Caudal Fin 26 6 11 15/9 days

1/VII Right Pectoral Fin 23 15 18 20

2/VII Left Pectoral Fin 20 16 17 20/11 days
3 3/VII Right Abdominal Fin 19 6 6 10
4/VII Left Abdominal Fin 16 6 12 14/4 days

1/VIII Right Pectoral Fin 16 13 13 14/4 days

2/VIII Left Pectoral Fin 19 10 11 13/10 days
4 3/VIII Right Abdominal Fin 18 8 11 11/8 days
4/VIII Left Abdominal Fin 17 13 13 13

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 Figure 1. Fish Fin Before Being Cut Figure 2. Fish Fin Day-0

Figure 3. Fish Fin Day-7 Figure 4. Fish Fin Day-14

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 B. Discussion

According to Wynn & Vannella (2016), tissue repair and regeneration

are critical biological processes that are fundamental to the survival of all
living organisms The damage varies, some are mild, such as wounds and
bruises, some are moderate, which causes the ends of some parts of the body to
be wasted, and that which is heavy, which causes a large part of the body to be
wasted. The process of wound healing involves a synchronized sequence of
overlapping events that minimize blood loss, prevent or resolve pathogen
entry, and restore structural integrity (Payne et al., 2017)
Yes there are indications of regeneration in amputated fish fins,
because after we cut the fins on the nilem fish, there was an increase in the
length of the fins in several days. Wound healing consists of 4 phases, namely
inflammation phase, migration phase, proliferation phase, and remodeling
phase (Agustin et al., 2016). According to Yatim (1994), the regeneration
process of fish fins is at the first the blood will flow to cover the surface of
the wound and then form the scap which the properties protect. The skin
epithelium spreads on the surface of the wound under the scab of the epithelial
and the cell will be moving nuboidally. It took two days for the skin to fully
cover the wound. Differentiation of tissue cells around the wound, so that they
become young and pluripotent, to form various types of new tissue. The
formation of the blastoma, namely the regeneration bud on the surface of the
scar, the existing scab may have been released at that time. Redifferentiation of
differentiated cells, simultaneously with the proliferation of blastema cells. A
regeneration blastema is a key structure for successful limb regeneration. After
limb amputation, the epidermis around the amputation plane can migrate to
cover the amputation surface and this process is thought to contribute to
preventing infection (Satoh et al., 2017).
According to Soeminto (2007), there are three types of regeneration,
namely regeneration of epimorphosis, namely regeneration that occurs through
a mechanism that involves de-differentiation of adult structures to form a
period of cells that have not yet differentiated, which are then specific and this
is typical of membrane generation. Morpholaxic regeneration, which is
regeneration that occurs through re-polishing of the remaining tissue, which is

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 not accompanied by cell multiplication. This regeneration occurs in Hydra.
Intermediate regeneration, thought to be compensatory regeneration. This
regeneration, cells divide but maintain differentiated cell functions. They
produce cells that are similar to themselves and do not form a period of
undifferentiated tissue. This type occurs specifically in the human heart.
The result of regeneration from certain organs in this case the fish fin
does not have to return to normal. This proves that cell de-differentiation is
pluripotent, that can cause tissue which are not from where they come from.
Cut fish fins will grow little by little through a series of steps (Anusree et al.,
2011).
Based on the results of our group, the development of organs cut for the
left pectoral fin of the nilem fish was originally 17 mm length then was cut
and after that the fin length become 7 mm, then in the first week the amputated
fish did not grow the length sill at 7 mm. Then when it enters the second week
after the measurement of the fish dies on the 8th day and the length increases
become 8 mm. After the dead fish the observation is not continued according
to the procedure. Cutting the nilem fish fin in each group is different, it aims to
find out which part of the fin the regeneration process is faster. The died of the
fish can causes of several factor, accordance to Wendler et al. (2015),
regeneration is influenced by several factors, including temperature, biological
processes and food ingredients. Understand the temperature, in certain cases,
accelerate regeneration. Regeneration becomes faster at 29.7 0C. Factors of
food ingredients do not really affect the regeneration process.

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 IV. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion

Based on the result and discussion, it can be concluded that the regeneration
process is starting with wound healing, tissue healing, blastoma formation,
morphology and redifferentiation.

B. Suggestion

Suggestions for regeneration of nilem fish fins is we should more diligent to check
the container of nilem fish and don’t forget to feed them.

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 REFERENCES

Agustin, R., Dewi, N., & Rahardja, S, D., 2016. Efektivitas Ekstrak Ikan Haruan
(Channa striata) Dan Ibuprofen Terhadap Jumlah Sel Neutrofil Pada Proses
Penyembuhan Luka Studi In Vivo Pada Mukosa Bukal Tikus (Rattus
norvegicus) Wistar. Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi, 1(1), pp. 68-74.

Anusree, P., Saradamba, A., Tailor, N., Desai, I., & Suresh, B., 2011. Caudal Fin
Regenerationis Regulated By Cox-2 Induced PGE In Teleost Fish Poecillia
Latipanna. The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, 11(2), pp. 2795-
280.

Payne, S. L., Peacock, H, M., & Vickaryous, M, K., 2017. Blood vessel formation
during tail regeneration in the leopard gecko (Eublepharis macularius): The
blastema is not avascular. Journal of Morphology, 278(3), pp. 380–389.

Satoh, A., Mitogawa, K., Saito, N., Suzuki, M., Suzuki, K, T., Ochi, H., &
Makanae, A., 2017. Reactivation of larval keratin gene ( krt62.L ) in
blastema epithelium during Xenopus froglet limb regeneration.
Developmental Biology, 432(2), pp. 265–272.

Soeminto, 2007. Embriologi Vertebrata. Purwokerto: Unsoed.

Wendler, S., Hartmann, N., Hoppe, B., & Englert, C., 2015. Age-dependent
decline in fin regenerative capacity in the short-lived fishNothobranchius
furzeri. Aging Cell, 14(5), pp. 857–866.

Wynn, T, A., & Vannella, K, M., 2016. Macrophages in Tissue Repair,

Regeneration, and Fibrosis. Immunity, 44(3), pp. 450–462.

Yatim, W. 1994. Reproduksi dan Embriologi. Bandung: Tarsito.