SUMMARY-3

ASTITVA VERMA

[A2399817117]

TITLE- Laser Ignition System in IC Engines

OBJECTIVE- With the continuous development in our industry, environment related problems are now
become more serious. The IC engine and automotive industry is now thinking about some serve
challenges, and thus laser is emerging as a strong concept for this alternative ignition system.

Overcoming these problems, flame speed in spark-ignition engine can only be increased by
generating turbulence in the cylinder or by shortening the distance travelled by the flame.

Flame travel distance can not be reduced as for that we need to employ multiple spark plugs inside the
cylinder which is not possible because of overcrowded cylinder head.

Thus, a durable, electrode-less, high-energy, flexibility to change the ignition position, laser ignition
system is fulfilling most of the requirements and also offering several advantages.

BENEFITS- 1-Control over time and position of ignition

2-Allow ignition at multiple points thus shortening combustion time of lean mixture

3-Lifetime is longer than that of spark-plugs

4-Increase in efficiency and high ignition pressure is possible

5-Flame travelling speed is quite faster

DESIGNED SETUP FOR LASER

IGNITION SYSTEM

LASER IGNITION PROCESS-

Laser ignition begins with the initial seed electrons which are produced from impurities in the gas
mixture (e.g. dust). The laser energy is deposited in a few nanoseconds on impurities thus lead to
formation of free electron. Electrons release through this means collide with other molecules and ionize
them, leading to an electron avalanche which further produces the shock wave and that leads to the
breakdown of the gas. In the first milliseconds an ignition delay can be observed which has duration
between 5 – 100 milliseconds depending on the mixture. Combustion can last between 100 milliseconds
up to several seconds again depending on the gas mixture, initial pressure, pulse energy, plasma size,
position of the plasma in the combustion bomb and initial temperature. Location of ignition point in the
combustion chamber can be optimized in laser ignition by changing the focal length of the converging
lens. Flame kernel can be moved away from the combustion chamber walls thus the heat transfer losses
through the cylinder walls can be reduced thereby enhancing the overall efficiency for the process.

EFFECTS OF LASER IGNITION ON ENGINE PERFORMANCE-

The graph is the experimental result which

shoes that smoothness in laser ignition is
more then that of spark ignition, thus shows
efficiency of laser ignition engine increases.

CONCLUSION-With laser ignition system, the brake thermal efficiency and the power produced are
increases in comparison to the spark ignition system. This system can work even in high compression
ratio, compression rates, high temperature and pressure.

On the other hand, fuel consumption decreases in the laser ignition as it can operate on lean
mixture. Thus, combustion time also decreases. Also amount of NOx and CO also decreases in the
exhaust gas.