26A
operations. Material and interface modelling capabilities sup-
ported by the system and which allow practical geotechnical
problems to be addressed are presented. Screen images are
used to illustrate the system.
Rock block analysis
901199
Generalization of two-dimensional discontinuous deformation
analysis for forward modelHng
Shi, G H; Goodman, R E
int J Num Anal Meth Geomcck VI3, N4. July-Aug 1989,
P359-380
A theoretical basis for a forward numerical model of rock
block systems is presented. Stress, strain, sliding, and opening
of blocks are computed. Input data are geometry, loading
forces, deformability parameters, and boundary conditions.
Output gives movements, deformation, stress and strain for
each block, and sliding and detachment or rejoining of blocks.
The formulations are implicit and equilibrium is satisfied eve-
rywhere, without block interpenetration. The formulations
have been derived through minimization of stored energy.
Examples of an arch and deformation of a tunnel are
presented.
901200
Use of block theory in analysis of slope stability (In Chinese)
Li Aibing
Q Changsha last Min Rcs vg, N2. 1989. P41-46
Block theory is used in the analysis of jointed rock mass stabil-
ity. Using a slope at Tonglushan mine as an example, the the-
ory is applied to analysing slope stability, after the theory has
been described.
901201
Probabilistic and deterministic key block analyses
Young, D S; Hoerger. S F
Rock Mechanics as a Guide for g,~cient Utilization of
Natural Resources: Proc 30th U,S. Symposium, Morgantown,
19-22 June 1989 P227-234. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema,
1989
Key block theory is combined with simulation techniques to
obtain a probabilistic key block analysis to realistically predict
the size, location and frequency of occurrence of key blocks
likely to be formed by excavation in a jointed rock mass. The
analysis takes joint orientation, spacing and trace length into
account. Subway tunnels were studied to show advantages of
the method over deterministic key block analysis.
Stress analysis
See also: 901114
901202
Elasto-plastic model for cemented and pure sand deposits
Pekau, O A; Gocevski, V
Comput Geotecll V7, N3, 1989, P155-187
A two-surface plasticity model is presented, based on the the-
ory of bounding surface plasticity and incorporating a nonas-
sociative flow rule and the concept of reflected plastic
potential. For vanishing cohesion, the model simulates pure
sand. Cemented granular soil response to monotonic or cyclic
loading can be modelled giving predictions in good agreement
with laboratory behaviour. When used in a finite element
© 1990 Pergamon Press plc. Reproduction not permitted
application to the boundary value problem of an earth
embankment, results are closer to field observations than
those of nonlinear elastic analysis.
901203
Linearizafion of elasto-plastic consolidation equations
Borja, R I
Engng Comput 116, N2. June 1989, P163-168
Elastoplastic consolidation problems involve two governing
differential equations, which satisfy conditions of balance of
momentum and mass. The coupled equations must be linear-
ized to determine their roots. The concept of consistent
linearization of Simo and Taylor for a single phase system is
adapted to a two phase soil-water system. Numerical examples
involving combined radial and vertical flow in an elastoplastic
soil medium are used to demonstrate the advantages of this
approach over methods based on the elastoplastic continuum
formulations used in most finite element codes.
901204
Analysis, evaluation, and implementation of a nonassociative
model for geologic materials
Desai, C S; Hashmi, Q S E
lnt J Plasticity V5, N4, 1989, P397-420
The nonassociative model in the hierarchical family of models
is investigated from the viewpoint of implementation in a solu-
tion procedure. The associative model and 4 different schemes
representing the nonsymmetric system are analysed. They are
implemented in a nonlinear finite element procedure and eval-
uated for ability to predict stress-strain and volumetric
response of a cohesionless soil.
901205
Analysis of borehole breakouts
Zheng, Z; Kemeny, J; Cook, N G W
J Geophys Res V94, NB6, June 1989, P7171-7182
Boundary element analysis of the phenomenon is presented. It
is proposed that breakout consists of progressive spalling of
thin slabs near the wall by tensile splitting. It is shown that this
can lead to a stable cross section for an elastic-brittle material.
Results suggest that the cross sectional shapes of stable
breakouts are not related uniquely to the stress state or
strength of the rock, thus obtaining in situ stress magnitudes
from breakouts is difficult. Tensile fractures could be produced
at the same location as hydraulic fractures by extreme
breakout.
901206
Elasticity of particulate materials
Hardin, B O; Blandford, G E
J Geotech Engng Div ASCE V115, N6, June 1989, P788-805
Deformation of particulate materials almost always involves
slip at interparticle interfaces as well as elastic deformation of
individual particles. Exclusively elastic behaviour of these
materials is restricted to infinitesimal increments of unloading.
Three dimensional constitutive equations have been formu-
lated in terms of two scalar functions representing effects of
void ratio and stress history, a reference fabric matrix, a stress-
compliance matrix, and a Poisson's ratio matrix. Verification
of the elastic constitutive relation is described.
901207
Deformation and stability of an elasto-plastic softening pillar
Mroz, Z; Nawrocki, P
Rock Mech Rock Engng II22. N2, April-June 1989, P69-108
The rock pillar or coal seam is taken as linear elastic until
maximum strength is realised, when post peak bebaviour is
characterised by residual strength. Uniform deformation and