Name : I Gusti Ngurah Arik Kusuma Putra

NIM : 1612021117
Class : 6D

THE EFFECT OF USING PICTURE STRIP STORY TOWARDS STUDENTS’

SPEAKING COMPETENCY
A. Research Background
Many students are not competent in speaking narrative especially recount text in
ninth grade of SMP N 4 Singaraja. The first was found that students still had a problem in
fluency, they have any hesitation in speaking. The second problem with the
pronunciation, there is still a pronunciation of some incorrect vocabulary. The third is
grammatical errors, there are errors of present tense and past tense. The fourth is that
there are still limitations in the use of vocabularies, they have not been able to use varied
vocabularies. (Expert & Data)
Speaking is the most important skill that must be mastered by students in order to
achieve the desired objectives. Crystal (2003) states that speaking is the most important
skill of the four complex skills such as listening, speaking reading, writing. According to
Cahyono & Widiati (2006), students have stated success if they can speak English
fluently. From the previous statement, it can be said that the benchmark or standard of
students is said to be successful in learning English is speaking. Even so, according to
Polland (2008: 33), speaking is one of the most difficult aspects for students to master. It
is undeniable that when speaking there are many factors that students must think before
they can speak well such as fluency, how to use grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation
In the previous study was conducted by Tanjung Wulandari, Muhammad Sukirlan,
and Ramlan Ginting Suka (2016) in SMA Kartikatama Metro entitled “Developing
Students’ Speaking Skill by Using Picture Strip Story” use picture strip story in its
implementation, and the result shows that picture strip story gave significant influence
towards students` speaking ability in English learning process. It can be seen by the
significant increase between the pretest score and posttest score, and also it gives positive
respond that was given by the students through this technique.
Speaking is the most important skill that must be mastered by students in order to
achieve the desired objectives. Crystal (2003) states that speaking is the most important
skill of the four complex skills such as listening, speaking reading, writing. Therefore, if
their competence in speaking can be improved, they will be able to become good
speakers, not only in recount text but in all topics. (Still need to be develop)

B. Rationale
This article is conducted to find out whether teaching students using picture strip
stories can improve students' speaking abilities because speaking seems to be the most
important of the four skills (listening, speaking, reading, and writing). Nowadays many
techniques can be used by students to learn, one of the fun techniques is the picture strip
 story because. Picture strip story can be used for beginner levels, suitable for teaching at
Junior High School. By using the picture strip story, it is expected that students will be
able to improve their speaking skills and try to perform well in front of the class.

C. Research Questions
1. How is picture strip story technique implemented in speaking class?
2. Is there any significant effect of using picture strip story technique towards students’
speaking competency?

D. Research Objectives
1. General Objectives: to assess the students’ speaking competency in speaking
narrative especially recount text and the significant effect of using picture strip story
technique.
2. Spesific Objectives:
1). To apply picture strip story technique in speaking class.
2). To evaluate students’ speaking competency in speaking class.
3). To measure significant effect of using picture strip story technique towards
students’ speaking competency.

E. Research Significance
1. Theoretical significance: it is useful for providing and developing speaking
competency among the Junior High School students.
2. Practical significance:
1). Students: students will be helped effectively in developing high competency on
speaking.
2). Teacher: the teacher will be benefitted as they could evaluate speaking activity
which improves students’ speaking competency.
3). Future researcher: the future researcher could produce more intensive research by
investigating other moderator and intervening variables other than speaking
competency.

F. Concept, Empirical and Theoretical Review

1. Concept:
1) Concept of Speaking:

2) Concpet of Speaking competency:

Seperangkat kemampuan yang menyangkut sikap, pengetahuan, dan
keterampilan yang harus dimiliki oleh peserta didik setelah memperlajari suatu muatan
pembelajaran speaking narrative especially recount text. (Kurikulum 2013, 2015)
3) Concept of Picture Strip Story
According to (Kunzle 1973: 2), the picture strip story is a technique that
can make students tell the whole story through several pictures without any
text in it. Usually, the activities using picture strip stories provoke students to
think critically. This technique is suitable to apply in beginners and advances
level, in order to make students can express their ideas in an oral way. Not
 only that, but this technique can also train students' confidence in front of the
class so that they can easily communicate with other students. (Lavery, 2011)
2. Empirical Review: (hanya pindahkan abstract, 3 national, 2 international)
1) Research One: Some researchers had conducted the research which focus on
speaking. The research entitled "Improving Students' Speaking Skill by Using
Picture Strips Story" was conducted by Odi Kosdian in XI IPA 1 of Senior
High School 1 Luragung. The conclusions obtained from this study are from 2
points of view, the first in a general way, students' conditions were better
rather than before. This sense, the most of students listened to the teacher's
explanation. Then, every student in the group together and discuss each other.
Moreover, most of them could answer the teacher's question correctly. The
second is from students' speaking skill itself, the researcher and collaborators
decided that picture strip story could improve students’ speaking skill. Based
on the result of test 1, test 2, and test 3, it can be seen that students’ speaking
skills were improving.
2) Research Two: The research conducted by Reza Novianda entitled “Teaching
Speaking by Using Picture Strip Story” shows that picture strip story there
were significant differences in achievement between the second years students
of MTsN Model Gandapura who were taught speaking by using the Picture
Strip Story from those who were taught by a standard technique. It was proven
by the t-test results on the post-tests of both the experimental group and the
control group. Therefore, the picture strip story is an effective technique for
teaching-learning speaking. Besides, the students who were taught by using
picture strip story had better performance in their speaking sub-skills,
pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary, fluency, and comprehensibility. Based on
the average score for each speaking sub-skill the EG students got significantly
higher average scores on the post-test, especially in comprehensibility.
3) Research Three: The third research was conducted by Tanjung Wulandari,
Muhammad Sukirlan, and Ramlan Ginting Suka in SMA Kartikatama Metro
entitled “Developing Students’ Speaking Skill by Using Picture Strip Story”
shows that picture strip story gave significant influence towards students`
speaking ability in English learning process. It can be seen by the significant
increase between the pretest score and posttest score, and also it gives positive
respond that was given by the students through this technique. The result of
posttest is higher than the result of pretest. There was an increase from the
average score of the pretest (49,13) to posttest (67,6). There was positive
respond towards picture strip story technique. It can be proved that 40%
students scored 41-50, and 60% students 41-30.
4) Research Four: The other research was conducted by Pamela L. Lavalle, and
Mari Briesmaster in private English school in Chile in “The Use of Picture
Descriptions in Enhancing Communication Skills Amongst Eighth-Grade
Learners of English as a Foreign Language” shows that, the data was collected
by using quantitative and qualitative method, in pre-test students from groups
 1 and 2 were asked to analyze a set of pictures, and describe the image, where
the data or information obtained would be analyzed using SPSS. A PET rubric
is used to assess student performance, which includes grammar and
vocabulary, discourse management, pronunciation, and interactive
communication. The band of assessment ranges from 0 to 5, where 0 is
considered the lowest score and 5 is the highest. A qualitative focus group
interview was conducted with a group of students at the end of the process, to
develop a deeper understanding of the students’ experiences of the technique
used. Related with this research, very effective in developing students'
speaking abilities by using media images, just like picture strip stories,
because students are more interesting in learning to use media images.
5) Research Five: The last research was conducted by Abdul Aziz Rifa’at in
“Strip Story as A Technique In Teaching Speaking” shows that first, there was
a significant difference in speaking achievement of fourth semester S1
Nursing program students at Siti Khadijah Palembang after implementing
strip story technique. The students got a better score after implementing strip
story technique. It can be seen from the students score on the pre-test and their
score on the post-test. In relation to these conclusions, the factors above might
influence student’s speaking scores or in another way it could be said that
there could be some external variables that influence students’ progress
3. Theoretical Review
1) Theory of Speaking
Speaking is one of the skills of the four other skills that are quite difficult
to master, so one must be even more active in learning to be able to master
that skill, Polland (2008: 33). To be able to master speaking students must be
smart in designing what they want to say such as the use of how to use
appropriate grammar, a vocabulary that is not monotonous, and good
pronunciation so that listeners can easily understand what we are saying.
According to Nunan (1991: 39) one aspect that can be used to measure
students' abilities in speaking is by conversation, there will be seen whether
students are good or bad in speaking, but it cannot be concluded thoroughly
that only conversations can measure abilities students, there are still many
other ways. According to Nunan (1991: 23) speaking is an activity to express
an idea, idea, opinion through oral way so that what we want to express can be
conveyed well. Furthermore, Tarigan (1990: 8) states that speaking is an
activity that is very influential in our daily life because we use it every day in
our life.
2) Theory of Picture Strip Story
One way to improve students' speaking competency is to use picture strip
stories. According to (Wright 1997:136), picture strip story is the whole story
divided into several parts by only including images without any text. Picture
strip story is almost the same as a comic, but a comic has text related to those
images while story picture strip story does not, which makes students have to
 be creative with their own ideas so they can combine and tell the whole story
from those several parts

G. Population, Sample, Sampling

The population of this proposed research is nine grade students of SMP N 4
Singaraja in academic year 2019/2020. After the researcher gets the population, the next
step to do is to find a sample. In here researcher uses Cluster Random Sampling
Technique because the main sample is required to be homogeneous. To get maximum
results, the researcher will not include the smartest or least smart class in Cluster Random
Sampling. The way the researcher determines the sample is to use a lottery, the first
lottery will be an experimental group while the second lottery will be a control lot.

H. Research Design
The research design of this proposed study is experimental research which is
aimed to investigate whether there is an effect of using picture strip story technique
towards students’ speaking skill.

I. Data Collection
1. Research Instrument
In this proposed research, the method used to collect data is speaking performance
test. This test is used for both groups, for the control group and the experimental
group in the pre-test it will use a conventional method where students are only told to
retell an event or story in the classroom without any special treatment in its
implementation. Whereas in the post-test, for the experimental group that has
obtained a special treatment using a picture strip the story technique will be assessed
by researcher whether there are certain improvements or effects such as the use of
good grammar, knowledge of vocabulary, and pronunciation.
2. Instrument Validation
a. Content Validity
b. Reliability
3. Data Collection Process
There are several procedures to collect the data, for instance:
a. First, the researcher will prepare the instrument to be used.
b. Second, the instrument will be consulted with supervisors
c. Third, before the instrument is used, it was tried out to prove content validity and
reliability.
d. Fourth, to get the desired sample, the researcher used cluster random sampling
with lottery media to determine the control group and experimental group
e. The two groups will be treated differently. Control group will be treated using
conventional methods. While the experimental group will use a story technique
picture strip in its implementation.
J. Method of Data Analysis
The data that has been obtained will be analyzed using SPSS 20, where inferential
statistics to be used is independent sample t-test to compare the differences in scores
obtained by control group and experimental group in the post-test and pre-test. The
purpose of this analysis is to find out whether there are certain effects after receiving
treatment