Brain- Written instructions it receives at the moment of fertilization

Fertilization- occurs when sperm enters an egg

Zygote- Fertilized egg(300k of written pages of info)
Chromosomes- Short, rodlike, microscopic structure that contains tightly coiled
strangds of the chemical DNA
Genes- A specific segment on the strand of DNA that contains instructions for ma
king proteins
Human Genome Project- has mapped all 20,000 genes located on the 23 pairs of chr
omosomes
Theory of evolution-(Charles Darwin) Argued that different species arose from a
common ancestor & that the
species that survived were best adapted to meet the demands of their environment
Page 69 Studying the living brian
MRI-passing nonharmful radio frequencies through the brain
FMRI- Measures that activity of specific neurons that are functioning during cog
nitive tasks
Pet Scan- Measures the amount of radiation absorbed by the brain cells called ne
urons to study brain structure &
most/least active neurons
Divisions of the Nervous System
CNS
PNS
Somatic Nevous System
Automatic Nervous System
Sympathetic Division(wolf) Parasympathetic Division(returns to homostatus)
Forebrain- Largest, consisting of right/left hemispheres that are connected by a
wide band of fibers
Midbrain- Pleasure center, stimulated by food, $, sex, etc... alerts body to inc
omming stimuli
Hindbrain- controls vital body funtions such as sleeping,breathing and heart rat
e
Pons- Bridge between spinal cord & brain, makes chemicals involved in sl
eep
Medulla- Located @ top of apinal cord, controls vital reflexes such as b
reathing, heartrate, blood pressure
Cerebellum-located in back & underneath brain; involved in coordinating
motor movements; performing timed motor responses; & automatic reflexive learing
Control Centers: Four Lobes
The cortex is a thin outside layer of cells that has a wrinkled look and
 covers almost entire forebrain
Frontal Lobe:
a- associated with movement
b- The sense of self
c- Higher mental Functions(CEO)
Motor cortex- located on the back edge of frontal lobe & extends down its side
Involved in the initiation of all voluntary movements
Body parts that have greater capacity for complicated muscle movement ha
ve mroe area on the motor cortex devoted to them
Damge to frontal lobe-
1- Disrubption of personality
2- Emotional mood swings
3- Difficulty paying attention, remembering, planning & organizing
Brain scans- Have found that the frontal lobe is involved in our thinking proces
s; paying attention & rules of social learning
Parietal Lobe
a Processes sensory info(touching locating position of limbs,feeling tempe
rature and pain
b Carrying out several cognitive functions(perceiving objects)
Somatosensory Cortex- Narrow strip of cortex located on front edge of parietal l
obe & extends down its side
a Processes sensory info, about touch location of limbs, pain, and temp
b Body parts with greater sensitivity have more area on the somatosensory
cortex devoted to them
Damge to Parietal lobe- Cannot recognize objects from touch/feel
Temporal Lobe-
a Hearing, speaking coherently
b understanding verbal & written material
Primary Auditory Cortex- receives signals from receptors in the ears & changes t
hem into basic sensations
Auditory Association Area- transforms basic sensory info( noises/sounds) into re
cognizable auditory info(words/music)
Broca's Area- Located in the left frontal lobe, necessary for combining sounds i
nto words & arragning in meaningful sentences
Wernicke's Area- Located in left temporal lobe, is necessary for speaking in coh
erent sentences & for understanding speech
Occipital Lobe- Involved in processing visual info, ( perceiving/recognizing obj
ects, animals, people & seeing colors).