FACULTY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA PULAU PINANG

ASSIGNMENT

FLUID MECHANICS II
MEC 442

NO NAME MATRIX NO.

1. MUHAMMAD SYAZWAN BIN ROSLI 2016706725
2. MOHAMAD NAZIRUL AKMAL BIN MAHADZIR 2016351541
3. AHMAD ZULHILMI BIN ABD MALEK 2017275262
4. MOHD AFIQ IRFAN BIN LONG 2017275252
5. SAIFUL AMIRUL ASYRAF BIN MOHD HALID 2017275268

LECTURER’S NAME
DR HAMID BIN YUSOF
1.0 INTRODUCTION

A pump is a device that moves fluids (liquids or gasses) by mechanical action or slurries
sometimes. Pumps can be classified according to the method used to move the fluid into three
main groups: direct lift, displacement and gravity pumps.

Pumps operate by some mechanism (typically reciprocal or rotating) and consume energy to
move the fluid. Pumps operate through many energy sources, including manual operation,
electricity, motors or wind power, from a microscope for medical use in many sizes to large
industrial pumps.

Mechanical pumps are used in a wide range of applications, such as well water pumping,
aquarium filtering, pond filtering and aeration, in the automotive industry for water cooling
and fuel injection, in the energy industry for oil and natural gas pumping or for operating
cooling towers. In the medical industry, pumps are used in the development and manufacture
of medicine for biochemical processes and as artificial replacements for body parts,
especially artificial heart and penile prosthesis.

When a casing contains only one revolving impeller, it is called a single-stage pump. When a
casing contains two or more revolving impellers, it is called a double- or multi-stage pump.

Centrifugal pumps are often used in combination to increase the flow rate or delivery
pressure beyond the one pump available. For some designs of piping systems, a multiple
pump system may be desirable to meet the design requirements. Parallel and series pump
configurations that require specific performance criteria are two typical options. In serial
operation, the pump heads are added and the flow rates (capacities) of the pumps are added in
parallel operation.
SERIES PUMP

To connect two pumps in series means that the discharge from the first pump is piped into the
inlet side of the second pump (Figure 13). In this type of arrangement all the flow
successively passes from one pump to the next with each pump adding more energy to the
water. Often, series configurations are used when head requirements of the system exceed
that which can be supplied by individual pumps. They are also used in systems with variable
head requirements. A typical example is a small centrifugal pump used as a booster pump for
corner irrigation on a center pivot system or, for that matter, any booster pump, in any water
system, which works in addition to the main water pump.

PARALLEL PUMP

A typical example of this arrangement side of the second pump. In this type of is a situation
where two or more pumps draw water from a single source and all the flows are discharged
into a single pipe. Another example is a situation where several small wells are providing the
required discharge. Parallel arrangements are also common methods of meeting variable
discharge requirements of the system.
As a results, arrangement of pump in series is much better than arrangement in parallel. This
is because pump in series can produce a higher pump head than pump in parallel. It can
supply water more effective for a higher level of tank compare to pump in parallel.

2.0 PROBLEM STATEMENT

In order to get a proper pump arrangement either use single pump or double pump in series or
double pump in parallel to transfer water from a tank to another tank at higher level, the
design need to consider some aspect or criteria that can affect the design with pump
efficiencies of 75% and also the flow rate Q, at 3500 liter/minute. Water density were given
𝑘𝑔.
which is 1000 𝑚3 . Besides, the sum of the loss coefficient for the fitting ∑K=30. The other

aspect or criteria for designing our pump system that were given are types of fluid flow inside
the pipe which is turbulent flow and also the Reynolds number of Re = 1.35 𝑋 105 . All these
aspects are involves in calculation to get the best design.
3.0 OBJECTIVES

1) To determine the suitable pump arrangement either single pump or double pump in
series or double pump in parallel.

2) To determine head pump at flow rate 3,500 liter/min.

3) To find out types of pump that will be used.

4) To determine the pump power requirement if the pumps have efficiencies, ƞ = 75%.

5) To analyze head loss pump such major losses and minor losses.

4.0 METHADOLOGY

1) Analyze the information given.

2) Calculate all the measurement.

- Relative roughness
- Length of pipe
- Friction factor

3) Calculate the system requirement.

4) Find and select data pump from manufacturer.

5) Construct the graph flow rate (Q) vs. head pump (H).

6) Choose the arrangement of the pump.

7) Design pumping system.

8) Calculate power requirement.

5.0 DISCUSSION (RESULT AND ANALYSIS)

Q,
Q, L/s (m^3/s) h(m)
0 0 6
10 0.01 8.08
20 0.02 14.33
30 0.03 24.74
40 0.04 33.31
50 0.05 58.05
60 0.06 80.95
70 0.07 108.02
80 0.08 139.25
90 0.09 174.64
100 0.1 214.2

TABLE 1 : Collecting data

Flow Rate, Q vs Head Pump, h

0.12

0.1
Flow Rate, Q

0.08

0.06

0.04 Q vs h

0.02

0
0 50 100 150 200 250
head Pump, H

GRAPH 1 : Flow rate VS Head pump

Information Given:

𝑍2 - 𝑍1 = 5m

Total of Piping Length, 𝐿 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 180m Sum of loss coefficient, ∑ 𝐾= 30

Inside Diameter, 𝐷𝑖𝑛 = 250mm Flow rate, Q= 3500 L/min

3500 𝐿 1 𝑚𝑖𝑛 1 𝑚^3

Surface Roughness, Ԑ= 0.15mm = x x
𝑚𝑖𝑛 60 𝑠 1000

= 0.0583 m3/s
To find the relative roughness;

Ԑ 𝑂.15𝑚𝑚
=
𝐷 250𝑚𝑚

= 0.0006
Friction factor, f:

Ԑ
⁄
1
√𝑓
= -1.8 log (6.9
𝑅𝑒
+ ( 𝐷)1.11 )
3.7

1
f= (
6.9 0.0006 1.11
)2
−1.8 log( )+( )
1.35𝑋105 3.7

1
f= ( −4 )2
−1.8log(1.878 𝑥 10 )

f= 0.016

System Requirements:

𝐿 𝑉2 𝑄
ℎ𝑝 = ( 𝑍2 - 𝑍1 ) + ( f + ∑𝐾 ) As we know, V= 𝐴
𝐷 2𝑔

𝐿 𝑄 2
ℎ𝑝 = ( 𝑍2 - 𝑍1 ) + ( f + ∑𝐾 )
𝐷 2𝑔𝐴2

(0.016)(180) 7817.99(0.0583 )2
ℎ𝑝 = 5 + ( + 30 )( )
0.25 2(9.81)

ℎ𝑝 = 61.23m
Calculation head pump:

Pump in parallel (Q x 2)

Q = 0.0583 x 2

=0.1166m2/s

Hp= 61.23m (constant)

Pump in series (hp x 2 )

Q = 0.0583 m2/s

Hp= 61.23 x 2

=122.46m

Power requirement:

𝜌𝑔𝑄ℎ𝑝
Wp = x 2 unit pumps
ƞ

(1000)(9.81)(0.0583)(61.23)(2)
=
0.75

= 93383.58 watt

= 93.28kW
6.0 DISCUSSION

Based on this piping design, we can observe clearly that every design may have advantages
and disadvantages that can affect the performance of the pump as a functioning part to
complete the system. Some fundamental parameters are used to analyse the performance of
the pump before making a selection. The mass flow rate of fluid through the pump is an
obvious primary pump performance parameter.

For incompressible flow, it is more common to use volume flow rate rather that mass
flow rate. As an example, in the turbo machinery industry the volume flow rate is called
capacity and mass flow rate divided by fluid density.

The performance of a pump is characterized additionally by its net head, (H). Also define
as the change in Bernoulli head between the inlet and outlet of the pump. The dimension of
net head is length and often heard as equivalent height of water, even for a pump that is not
pumping water into the reservoir by sufficient and achieved (3500 liter/min).

For this case, the design of piping system must be created to ensure that it can generate
the 3500 liter/min water into reservoir. Besides that, based on the head value 61.23 m that
must use the parallel connection from reservoir to the other reservoir. Dimensional of pipe
also are important to ensure the velocity of flow rate of water increase and can deliver the
water from low level to higher level location. In some cases, the outlet of a pump at different
elevation than inlet, the diameter and the average speed may not be the same as those at the
inlet. Regardless of these differences, the different head (m) is equal by the change energy
out and change energy in.
7.0 CONCLUSION

The analysis was successful when we achieved the main objectives to make sure the piping
system can supply 3500 liter/min of the water .For the given piping system with its major and
minor losses, elevation change such as the required net head increase with volume flow rate.
On other hand, the available net head of most pump decrease with flow rate as in graph figure
which shows the three different curve as a result of the design and the pump performance. In
most cases, the pump does not run at its optimum efficiency.

If efficiency is of major concern, we should carefully select a new pump and type of
connection that should be design such that the operation point is as close to the best
efficiency point as possible. It is fairly straightforward to match a piping system to a pump
once we realize that the term for useful pump head that we use in the head from the energy
equation is same as the net head (H) used. Consider the general piping system with elevation
change of major and minor loses depending on the relative roughness.

It is commonly practice in the pump industry to offer several choices of impeller

diameter for a single pump casting. There are several reason for us to save manufacturing
cost to enable capacity increment by simple impeller replacement. Hence, we are successful
when we achieved the main function to make sure the piping system can supply 3500
liter/min of the water .