UNIT 5: TIME AND HISTORY

PRESENT, PAST AND FUTURE

PAST PRESENT FUTURE
Events that have already happened a long time Events that are happening now Events that have not happened
ago (yesterday, two weeks ago, last year, in (right now, at this moment, yet (tomorrow, next week,
the past…). today…). later, in the future…).

UNITS OF TIME
1 minute = 60 seconds 1 week = 7 days 1 decade = 10 years
1 hour = 60 minutes 1 month = 4 weeks 1 century = 100 years
1 day = 24 hours 1 year = 12 months 1 millennium = 1000 years
Roman Numerals: numbers represented by letters. They are used to speak about centuries.
I= 1 V= 5 X= 10 L= 50 C= 100 D= 500 M= 1000
Examples: III= 3 XV= 15 LXV= 65 XXI= 21 XL= 40 MDCCLXII= 1762

HISTORY
HISTORY is the study of the past.
ORAL WRITTEN VISUAL PHYSICAL
HISTORIANS
SOURCES SOURCES SOURCES SOURCES
They are the people They are told from They include They can be They can be objects
who study history person to person and books, letters, paintings, drawings, (tools, clothes,
include legends, newspapers, and photographs, films, household items,
stories, tales, songs, other written documentaries… toys, etc.) or
poems. documents from buildings (castles,
the past. houses, bridges,
churches).

We can divide history into five main periods: PREHISTORY, ANCIENT HISTORY, THE MIDDLE AGES, THE
EARLY MODERN AGE and THE MODERN AGE.
A timeline shows important events in the order they happened.

BC = Before the birth of Jesus Christ. AD = After the birth of Jesus Christ.
 PREHISTORY
It is the period from when the first humans existed about two million years ago, until the invention of writing.

PALAEOLITHIC NEOLITHIC
People were nomads. They moved from place to place People started to live in one place and form communities.
to look for food and shelter. They used stone, wood They started to grow crops and keep domestic animals. They
and bones to make simple tools. used stone and metal to make more complex tools.

ANCIENT HISTORY
Period from when written history began to the fall of the Roman Empire.
Great civilisations developed in this period.
Each civilisation developed a different way of writing (Ancient Egyptians  hieroglyphics. Romans  Latin).
People began to live in big towns and cities (Rome, Athens). They also built public and private buildings.
They formed governments, wrote laws, developed skills and had jobs.
They also made important advances in agriculture.

ANCIENT EGYPT ANCIENT GREECE ANCIENT ROME

Egyptians were advanced in maths,
engineering and astronomy. They built
pyramids for the pharaohs and people. The Romans came to the Iberian
Peninsula in 218 B.C. They called it
Hispania. The Roman Empire ended
in 476 A.D.
The Romans traded and made
beautiful buildings and sculptures.
They wrote hieroglyphics and used
They called the Iberian
papyrus.
Peninsula Iberia.
They wrote books about many
things (i.e. science).
The Greeks invented coins. They They built aqueducts and many
also invented the Olympic roads and cities.
Games.
They also made calendars and clocks, built
ships, invented the toothpaste and the
toothbrush.
The Greeks believed in many
gods. They made beautiful
buildings and sculptures.
The Greeks invented the idea of
democracy.
The Romans invented a language
called Latin.
The Romans wrote books and
believed in many gods.

THE MIDDLE AGES

The Middle Ages began about 1500 years ago.
During the Middle Ages the Christian and the Islamic culture lived on the Iberian Peninsula.
The Iberian Peninsula was divided into kingdoms and each one had a king.
CHRISTIAN CULTURE ISLAMIC CULTURE
They built castles and walls to defend their territory. They built citadels.

They built churches and cathedrals. They built mosques.

THE EARLY MODERN AGE

It began about 500 hundred years ago.
Small kingdoms came together to form big countries with one king.
Explorers discovered new lands.
There were discoveries in science (i.e. electricity).
The printing press was invented.
 THE MODERN AGE
The Modern Age began about 200 years ago.
Time of industry and changes in society.
Factories made mass-produced products. People moved to towns and cities to work in these factories, so urban
populations increased.
Public services, such as schools, hospitals and transport, became common.
New inventions: the steam engine, the telephone, radio and television.
Advances in medicine: the X-ray and vaccinations.