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SURVEYS LTD.
WIND LOADING DESK TOP APPRAISAL

RECA-UK LTD
INLAND ELEVATED CHECK

ISSUE No.

DATE 13/01/13
PREPARED BY BMcG
CHECKED BY

APPROVED BY BMcG
DISTRIBUTION

BMG Surveys Ltd. registered in Scotland. Registered no. SC408887. Registered office – 18 O’Neill Avenue, Bishopbriggs, Glasgow, G64 1LS
TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 APPLIED LOADINGS

2.0 JUSTIFICATION OF PANELS FOR GRAVITY LOADS

3.0 JUSTIFICATION OF PANELS FOR UPLIFT LOADS

4.0 CONCLUSIONS

Disclaimer:
The Desk Top Appraisal Report has been produced from information supplied by
client. BMG Surveys Ltd. cannot be held responsible for any damage caused from the
supply of limited information or damage caused due to inaccuracies within the
information supplied.

BMG Surveys Ltd. registered in Scotland. Registered no. SC408887. Registered office – 18 O’Neill Avenue, Bishopbriggs, Glasgow, G64 1LS
1.0 APPLIED LOADING
In considering the applied loading we have designed as noted below:

Dead loads are based on the actual specified make up for the existing roof.

Imposed floor loads are based on the loadings within BS6399.

Wind loadings are calculated on a site specific basis.

BMG Surveys Ltd. registered in Scotland. Registered no. SC408887. Registered office – 18 O’Neill Avenue, Bishopbriggs, Glasgow, G64 1LS
IMPOSED LOADS

BS 6399:PT3:4.2 Roof Loading = 0.6kN/m2

EXISTING ROOF WIND LOADINGS:

Calculated using TEDDS design software for both positive and negative internal pressure and
for wind acting both perpendicular and parallel to the front elevation of the building.

CALCULATIONS:
BUILDING WIND LOADING TO BS6399:PART2: 1997
Building data (flat roof)
Longer horizontal dimension of the building L = 10.0 m
Shorter horizontal dimension of the building W = 5.0 m
Height of the building H = 5.0 m
Reference height for roof pressure Hrr = H = 5.00 m
Reference height for wall pressure Hrw = H = 5.00 m
Dynamic classification
Building type factor (table 1); Kb = 2.0
Maximum height of the building H = 5.0 m
0.75
Dynamic augmentation factor (1.6.1); Cr = [Kb × ( H / (0.1 m) ) ] / ( 800 × log( H / (0.1 m) ) ) = 0.03
Calcs valid - Standard/Hybrid method is applicable
Orthogonal dimensions D = W = 5.0 m B = L = 10.0 m
Site wind speed
NB Calcs suitable only where topography is not significant (cl. 2.2.2.2.1 & fig. 7)
Reference height for wall pressure Hrr = 5.0 m
Reference height for wall design Hrw = 5.0 m
Basic wind speed (Figure 6 BS6399:Pt 2) Vb = 24.0 m/s
Site altitude ∆S = 21 m
Upwind distance from sea to site dsea = 5 km
-1
Altitude factor Sa = 1 + (0.001 m ) × ∆S = 1.02
Direction factor Sd =1.00
Seasonal factor Ss = 1.00
Probability factor Sp = 1.00
Site wind speed Vs = Vb × Sa × Sd × Ss × Sp = 24.5 m/s
Dynamic pressure - roof
Effective height He = Hrr = 5.0 m
Factor Sb From BS 6399 : Part 2 : 1997 ..... Table 4
For "country" terrain 5 km from sea with He = 5.0 m and Sb = 1.60
Effective wind speed; Ve = Vs × Sb = 39.2 m/s
3 2 2
Dynamic pressure; qs = (0.613 kg/m ) × Ve = 0.94 kN/m
Dynamic pressure - walls
Effective height He1 = Hrw = 5.0 m
Closest distance from the site to sea; dsea1 = dsea
Factor Sb From BS 6399 : Part 2 : 1997 ..... Table 4
For "country" terrain 5 km from sea with He1 = 5.0 m and; Sb1 = 1.60
Effective wind speed; Ve1 = Vs × Sb1 = 39.2 m/s

BMG Surveys Ltd. registered in Scotland. Registered no. SC408887. Registered office – 18 O’Neill Avenue, Bishopbriggs, Glasgow, G64 1LS
 3 2 2
Dynamic pressure; qs1 = (0.613 kg/m ) × Ve1 = 0.94 kN/m
Wall pressures (standard method, table 5, D < b )
Reference height for wall pressures; Hrw = 5.0 m
Scaling length; b = min( B, 2 × Hrw ) = 10.0 m
Critcal gap width to adjacent buildings; g = 10.0 m
External pressure coefficients, Cpe From BS 6399 : Part 2 : 1997 ..... Table 5
for D_upon_H = 1.00 and g_upon_b = 1.00
External pressure coeff w; Cpew = 0.85
External pressure coeff l; Cpel = -0.50
External pressure coeff side A; CpesA = -1.30
External pressure coeff side B; CpesB = -0.80
Internal pressure coeff; Cpi = -0.3
3
Room/storey volume for internal size effect factor; Vi = 50.0 m
1/3
Diagonal dimension for internal size effect factors; ai = 10 × ( Vi ) = 36.8 m
Diagonal dimension for external size effect factors; ae = 11.2 m
Using fig. 4 Curve = "A"External pressure coefficients; Cae = 0.95
External pressure coefficients; Cai = 0.88
2
Dynamic pressure; qs1 = 0.94 kN/m
2
Internal surface pressure; pi = qs1 × Cpi × Cai= -0.25 kN/m
cl. 2.1.3.2

Net wall pressures

2
Windward face pw = qs1 × Cpew × Cae - pi = 1.01 kN/m
2
Leeward face pl = qs1 × Cpel × Cae - pi = -0.20 kN/m
2
Zone A pa = qs1 × CpesA × Cae - pi = -0.92 kN/m over length 2.0 m
2
Zone B pb = qs1 × CpesB × Cae - pi = -0.47 kN/m over length 3.0 m
cl. 2.1.3.3

Roof pressures (flat roof, sharp eaves)

Roof pressure coefficients From BS 6399 : Part 2 : 1997 ..... Table 8
Roof pressure coefficient A CperA = -2.00
Roof pressure coefficient B CperB = -1.40
Roof pressure coefficient C CperC = -0.70
Roof pressure coefficient D1 CperD1 = 0.20
Roof pressure coefficient D2 CperD2 = -0.20
Flat roof pressures (standard method)
3
Room/storey volume for internal size effect factor Vir = 15.0 m
1/3
Diagonal dimension for internal size effect factors air = 10 × ( Vir ) = 24.7 m
Diagonal dim for external pressures - roof element aer = 12.1 m
Using fig. 4 Curve = "A"External size effect factor Caer = 0.95
Internal size effect factor Cair = 0.90
Internal pressure coeff Cpi =-0.3
2
Dynamic pressure qs = 0.94 kN/m
2
Internal surface pressure pir = qs × Cpi × Cair = -0.26 kN/m
Net roof pressures
2
Zone A prA = qs × CperA × Caer - pir = -1.53 kN/m
2
Zone B prB = qs × CperB × Caer - pir = -1.00 kN/m
2
Zone C prC = qs × CperC × Caer - pir = -0.37 kN/m
2
Zone D(+ve) prD1 = qs × CperD1 × Caer - pir = 0.43 kN/m
2
Zone D (-ve) prD2 = qs × CperD2 × Caer - pir = 0.08 kN/m

BMG Surveys Ltd. registered in Scotland. Registered no. SC408887. Registered office – 18 O’Neill Avenue, Bishopbriggs, Glasgow, G64 1LS
 Loadings at 10m High
Net roof pressures
2
Zone A prA = qs × CperA × Caer - pir = -1.85 kN/m
2
Zone B prB = qs × CperB × Caer - pir = -1.20 kN/m
2
Zone C prC = qs × CperC × Caer - pir = -0.45 kN/m
2
Zone D(+ve) prD1 = qs × CperD1 × Caer - pir = 0.53 kN/m
2
Zone D (-ve) prD2 = qs × CperD2 × Caer - pir = 0.09 kN/m

Loadings at 15m High

Net roof pressures
2
Zone A prA = qs × CperA × Caer - pir = -2.02 kN/m
2
Zone B prB = qs × CperB × Caer - pir = -1.31 kN/m
2
Zone C prC = qs × CperC × Caer - pir = -0.49 kN/m
2
Zone D(+ve) prD1 = qs × CperD1 × Caer - pir = 0.57 kN/m
2
Zone D (-ve) prD2 = qs × CperD2 × Caer - pir = 0.10 kN/m

BMG Surveys Ltd. registered in Scotland. Registered no. SC408887. Registered office – 18 O’Neill Avenue, Bishopbriggs, Glasgow, G64 1LS
2.0 JUSTIFICATION OF PANELS FOR GRAVITY LOADINGS

From the calculated loads we see that each panel weighs 18.5kg and is 1600mm by
1000mm.

Therefore the weight per m2 = 11.5kg/m2.

The support frame weighs 9kg/m2

The allowable vertical imposed load is 0.6kN/m2 or 60kg/m2 which is far more than the
weight of the panel being placed on the roof.

Once the panel is in situ this area of roof will not be trafficked and so there is no need to
consider the actual weight of the panel as being an additional imposed load on the roof.
Should anyone stand on the panel it will destroyed, the owner of the property will
therefore take strict steps to ensure that no one at any time stands on the panel.
Therefore this area of roof can be considered as carrying less than the design imposed
load indicated in BS 6399. Therefore there is no requirement for strengthening as a result
of combined imposed load and panel load.

3.0 JUSTIFICATION OF PANELS FOR UPLIFT LOADINGS

3.1 - 5m High Building

From the calcs we see that the wind uplift load is 0.37kN/m2 where these panels will be
placed in Zone C.

Roof Uplift = -0.37kN/m2 or 37Kg/m2 or on a 1600mm by 1000mm panel = 59.2kg

To allow for a comfortable factor of safety against uplift we must allow for sufficient ballast for
the weight of the panel + the frame and holding down capacity of the ballast to be equal or
greater than 1.5 times the uplift load.

Therefore the required uplift load to be resisted is 88.8kg

The weight of the frame and panels = 32.6kg

Therefore the required ballast load per panel for a FOS of 1.5 is:

88.8kg – 32.2kg = 56.6kg per panel

1 No. 440mm x 215mm x 140mm dense concrete block weighs 18kg therefore each panel
requires 3.5 no. blocks.

3.2 - 10m High Building

From the calcs we see that the wind uplift load is 0.45kN/m2 where these panels will be
placed in Zone C.

Roof Uplift = -0.45kN/m2 or 45Kg/m2 or on a 1600mm by 1000mm panel = 72kg

Therefore the required uplift load to be resisted is 108kg

The weight of the frame and panels = 32.6kg

Therefore the required ballast load per panel for a FOS of 1.5 is:

108kg – 32.6kg = 75.4kg per panel

1 No. 440mm x 215mm x 140mm dense concrete block weighs 18kg therefore each panel
requires 4.5 no. blocks.

BMG Surveys Ltd. registered in Scotland. Registered no. SC408887. Registered office – 18 O’Neill Avenue, Bishopbriggs, Glasgow, G64 1LS
3.3 - 15m High Building
From the calcs we see that the wind uplift load is 0.49kN/m2 where these panels will be
placed in Zone C.

Roof Uplift = -0.49kN/m2 or 49Kg/m2 or on a 1600mm by 1000mm panel = 78.4kg

Therefore the required uplift load to be resisted is 117.6kg

The weight of the frame and panels = 32.6kg

Therefore the required ballast load per panel for a FOS of 1.5 is:

117.6kg – 32.6kg = 85kg per panel

1 No. 440mm x 215mm x 140mm dense concrete block weighs 18kg therefore each panel
requires 5 no. blocks.

4.0 CONCLUSIONS

From the TEDDS calcs and the fixing calculations we see that the proposed solar panels can
safely be fixed to the existing roof structure with no strengthening works being required.

BMG Surveys Ltd. registered in Scotland. Registered no. SC408887. Registered office – 18 O’Neill Avenue, Bishopbriggs, Glasgow, G64 1LS