SOUTH AFRICAN COLLEGE HIGH SCHOOL

SOUTH AFRICAN COLLEGE HIGH SCHOOL

GRADE 10

PHYSICAL SCIENCE

EXAM 2009

EXAMINER: S.Pretorius
MARKS : 150
TIME : 2 hours
INSTRUCTIONS

1. Answer ALL questions.

2. Non-programmable calculators may be used.

3. Appropriate mathematical instruments may be used.

4. A periodic table is provided for your use.

QUESTION 1

Possible answers are supplied with each question. Choose only the answer, which
in your opinion, is the correct or best one and cross the appropriate block on the
answersheet. Each question has only one correct answer.

1.1 Which of the following pairs of physical properties represent a pair of scalars
A velocity and time
B distance and time
C force and distance
D energy and displacement

1.2 A calcium ion Ca2+ has the same electron structure

(number of electrons) as …

A a calcium atom.
B a magnesium atom.
C an argon atom.
D a potassium atom. (3)

1.3 The wavelength of a sound wave travelling at 340m/s in air with a

frequency of 300Hz is….

A 1.33 m
B 0,88m
C 3,4 m
D 3,0 m

1.4 The following molecule is an example of polar covalent bonding..

A Cl2
B NaCl
C HF
D FBr

1.5 An atom of chlorine that has 18 electrons has …

A become a negative ion.

B become a positive ion.
C become a neutral atom.
D an equal number of protons. (3)
[5x3=15]
QUESTION 2

Match the columns A and B by writing the corresponding letter next to the the
question number.

Column A Column B

2.1 temperature a. crest

2.2 pitch b. oxygen in atmosphere
2.3 diatomic molecule c. helium
2.4 Lewis structures d. carbon dioxide
2.5 ionic bond e. plum pudding model
2.6 isotope f. amplitude
2.7 loudness g.
2.8 noble gas h. frequency
2.9 Thompson i. calcium chloride
2.10 j. wavelenght
k. same number of protons
l. valence electrons
m. average kinetic energy of
the particles

[10]
QUESTION 3

Give one word or phrase for the following.

3.1 A chemical bond which involves the sharing of electrons.

3.2 A mixture in which particles of one liquid or solid are floating in a
liquid or a gas.
3.3 The process whereby two liquids with different boiling points can be
separated.
3.4 The element represented by the electron configuration: 1s22s22p5
3.5 A compound that can conduct a current when dissolved in water.
3.6 A reaction where energy is released.
3.7 The elements in group 7 of the periodic table.
3.8 Electrons in the outer energy level of an atom.
3.9 The measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a shared pair of
electrons in
a covalent bond.
3.10 The element which is the main constituent of glass.
[10]
QUESTION 4

4.1 Write chemical formulas for the following

4.1.1 Potassium permanganate

4.1.2 Calcium chloride
4.1.3 Sulphuric acid (3)

4.2 Write balanced equations for the following

4.2.1 Na2SO3 + HCl NaCl + SO2 + H2O (2)

4.2.2 K (s) + Cl2 (g) KCl (s) (2)

4.1.3 beryllium + oxygen beryllium oxide (4)

[11]

QUESTION 5
5.1 A beaker contains 71g of CaCO3 in solution. Calculate

5.1.1 The number of moles of CaCO3 in the beaker. (3)

5.1.2 The number of oxygen atoms in the beaker. (3)
5.1.3 The concentration of the CaCO3 solution. (3)

5.2 Consider the following balanced chemical equation.

Zn + 2H2SO4 ZnSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O

Calculate the mass of zinc sulphate formed when 13,8g of zinc reacts to
completion. (6)

[15]

QUESTION 6
The following reaction represents the industrial preparation of ammonia

3H2 (g) + N2 (g) 2NH3(g) + heat

From the list provided choose four that describes the reaction

Exothermic Decomposition Heterogenous Endothermic

Redox Acid-base Homogenous Synthesis
Addition Substitution

[4]
QUESTION 7

Redraw the representation of the periodic table on your answersheet and place the
corresponding letters ( A to J) onto the diagram using the clues provided.

• The atoms of A occur in period two and has one valence electron.
• B is a noble gas with 10 electrons.
• C is a gas which normally forms a ion with a charge of –2.
• When D is without electrons it is known as an alpha particle.
• E has the following valence electron structure 3s23p4.
• Element F is the gas that normally forms the ion F+.
• G is in group 4 and diamond and graphite are allotropes of G.
• H is an alkaline earth metal whose electrons are spread over three energy
levels.
• All the isotopes of I has an atomic number of 11.
• The atoms of J are found in the same period as those of A, but has one
electron in the p-orbitals.
• K is a metal found in period 3 group 3
[11]

QUESTION 8

Study the diagram below which depicts the area of South Africa
between Johannesburg and Mpumalanga. Read the captions and
answer the questions below.
 8.1 As the water vapour is mixing with the nitrous oxides, are
these chemicals
going through a chemical or physical change? Explain.
(2)
8.2 What two processes (associated with the water cycle) must happen
between the Vaal Dam and Johannesburg in order for acid rain to
form? (2)
8.3 Why will there be more acid rain over the East Rand area
rather than over
Mpumalanga? Give two reasons
(2)
8.4 The mortar used in buildings contains calcium carbonate.
Write a word
equation to show what happens to the calcium carbonate when
acid rain
falls onto the mortar. What effect do you think this will have on the
buildings?
(5)
8.5 Give two longer lasting effects that this increase in acid rain
will have
on the surrounding areas.
(2)
[13]

QUESTION 9

9.1 Complete the following table about the atomic structures of some elements.
You should refer to the Periodic Table on your data sheet
 Atomic Number of Number of Number of Symbol
number protons electrons neutrons
8 9
23
11 Na
108
47 Ag+
(9)

9.2 Potassium-40 (40K) is used to date very old rocks. Potassium also exists as 39K
and 41K. The atomic mass on the Periodic Table on the data sheet is 39.1

Explain how potassium can exist as these three isotopes and discuss any
conclusion that can be drawn from the given data. (5)

9.3 Write the electron arrangement (Aufbau diagram/ arrow in circle diagram) for
the following.

9.3.1 a fluorine atom: (3)

9.3.2 an oxide ion (4)

[21]
QUESTION 10

The Lewis diagram of a chlorine atom can be shown as:

Draw Lewis diagrams for the following:

10.1 nitrogen molecule (N2) (2)

10.2 methane molecule (CH4) (2)

[4]
QUESTION 11

11.1 What’s the difference between a chemical and a physical change? (4)

11.2 Give four properties that are generally present in metals. (4)

11.3 If steel (a metal) is hard and granite (a non-metal) is hard, why don’t
we make automobile engines out of granite? (4)

11.4 What are metalloids used for, and how does this affect modern
technology? (4)
[16]

QUESTION 12

The left-hand diagram is that of a table salt crystal. The right-hand

diagram is that of water in a beaker. Study the diagrams and answer
the questions that follow.
 12.1 What is the name of the solid structure that table salt forms?
(1)

12.2 What kind of intramolecular bond exists in a salt molecule?

(1)

12.3 What kind of bonding exists in the water molecule?

(1)

12.4 What kind of intermolecular forces are identified in the right-hand

diagram
by the arrow? (1)

12.5 Which of the bonds are stronger – intermolecular or

intramolecular? (1)

12.6 After the salt is dissolved in the water, the solution is clear.
Explain a
separation method that you could perform on this solution to
separate
the mixture.
(2)

12.7 Write an equation for the reaction between table salt and water.
(3)

[10]

QUESTION 13

Read the following article entitled “Saved by spiders” by Rachel

Nowak, taken
from New Scientist 8 June 2002. Write all answers in your own words.
Any
direct quotes must be in inverted commas.
13.1 How are the webs that cribellate spiders weave different from that
of
other spiders? (2)
13.2 As we know, air is a mixture. What kind of separation method are
the
spiders using? (2)
13.3 How are the spiders being affected by this property of their webs?
(2)
13.4 Explain why this scientist wants to try and use these webs as a
biosensor.
(2)
13.5 Give two places or scenarios where this idea used in 13.4 would be
useful.

(2)
[10]
 Chemical calculations Chemical constants

m Avogadro’s constant
n=
Mr
n 6,02 x 1023
c=
V

PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS 18

2
He
1 2 13 14 15 16 17 4.0
3 4 Atomic Number 1 5 6 7 8 9 10
Li Be H B C N O F Ne
6.9 9.0 1.0 Atomic Mass 10.8 12.0 14.0 16.0 19.0 20.2
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
23.0 24.3 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 27.0 28.1 31.0 32.0 35.5 40.0
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
39.1 40.1 45.0 47.9 50.9 52.0 54.9 55.9 58.9 58.7 63.6 65.4 69.7 72.6 74.9 78.9 79.9 83.8
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
85.5 87.6 88.9 91.2 92.9 95.9 (98) 101.1 102.9 106.4 107.90 112.4 114.8 118.7 121.8 127.6 126.9 131.3
55 56 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
Cs Ba Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
132.9 137.3 175.0 178.5 180.9 183.9 186.2 190.2 192.2 195.1 197.00 200.6 204.4 207.2 209.0 (209) (210) (222)
87 88 103 104 105 106 107 108 109
Fr Ra Lr Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt
(223) 226.0 262.1

57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70
La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb
138.9 140.1 140.9 144.2 146.9 150.4 152.0 157.3 159.0 162.5 164.9 167.3 168.9 173.0
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102
Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No
227.0 232.0 231.0 238.0 237.1 239.1 241.1 247.1 249.1 251.1 254.1 257.1 258.1 255