HCI Data October 2018 IND

The Human Capital Project: Overall Context
Investments in human capital are central to development, delivering substantial economic benefits in the long term. However,
these investments often take time to materialize and their benefits to society are not always visible, leading to underinvestmen
capital.
The World Bank has launched a Human Capital Project (HCP) — a program of advocacy, measurement, and analytical work to r
and increase demand for interventions to build human capital. The HCP has three components: (i) a cross-country metric—the
Index (HCI), (ii) a program of measurement and research to inform policy action, and (iii) a program of support for country strat
accelerate investment in human capital.
This Excel document features the first component of the HCP: the Human Capital Index. It provides data at the country level fo
components of the Human Capital Index as well as for the overall index. The "Methodology" tab describes in more detail the d
components of the index and its unit of measurement.
For more information on the Human Capital Project, please visit www.worldbank.org/humancapitalproject.
wever, the benefits of
stment in human
rk to raise awareness
—the Human Capital
y strategies to
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the different
Human Capital Index and Components
Date file created: October 2018

Country: India
Contents (click on hyperlink to get to specific sheet)

Methodology
Summary Table
Comparison over Time
Graphs
Regional and Income Group Benchmarks
Probability of Survival to Age 5
Expected Years of School
Harmonized Test Scores
Adult Survival
Fraction of Children under 5 not stunted
Enrollment Details
The Human Capital Index (HCI): Methodolo
The Human Capital Index: Context
The Human Capital Project (HCP) includes an international metric to benchmark the key components of human capital ac
of human capital that a child born today can expect to attain by age 18, given the risks of poor health and poor education
highlight how improvements in current health and education outcomes shape the productivity of the next generation of w
18 years the educational opportunities and health risks that children in this age range currently face.
The HCI measures key points along the trajectory from birth to adulthood of a child born today. In the poorest countries i
survive to her fifth birthday. Even if she does reach school age, there is a further risk that she does not start school, let alo
Grade 12 that is the norm in rich countries. The time she does spend in school may translate unevenly into learning, depe
she reaches age 18, she carries with her lasting effects of poor health and nutrition in childhood that limit her physical an
Components of the Human Capital Index
The HCI quantifies the key stages in this trajectory and their consequences for the productivity of the next generation of w
Component 1: Survival from birth to school age, measured using under-5 mortality rates.
Component 2: Expected Years of Learning-Adjusted School, combining information on the quantity and quality of educati
of years of school a child can expect to attain by age 18 given the prevailing pattern of enrollment rates across grades. The
harmonize test scores from major international student achievement testing programs. These are combined into a measu
years of school” conversion metric proposed in the 2018 World Development Report.
Component 3: Health. In the absence of a single broadly-accepted, directly-measured, and widely-available metric, the ov
rates, defined as the fraction of 15-year olds that survive until age 60, and (ii) the rate of stunting for children under age 5
all countries, and can be interpreted as a proxy for the range of fatal and non-fatal health outcomes that a child born toda
future. Stunting is broadly accepted as a proxy for the pre-natal, infant and early childhood health environment, and so su
to experience in their early years – with important consequences for health and well-being in adulthood. Data on the pre
Malnutrition Estimates.
Unit of Measurement of the Human Capital Index
The HCI is measured in terms of the productivity of the next generation of workers, relative to the benchmark of complet
interpretation: a value of X for a particular country means that the productivity as a future worker of a child born in a give
the benchmark of complete education and full health. This can be decomposed into the contributions of the three compo
productivity relative to the benchmark. Multiplied together they arrive at the overall HCI. Differences in the human capita
of workers. In a country around the 25th percentile of the distribution of the HCI, a child born today will be only 43 perce
education and full health.
For more information on the HCI methodology, please see World Bank (2018). “The Human Capital Project”.
al Index (HCI): Methodology
onents of human capital across countries. The Human Capital Index (HCI) measures the amount
health and poor education that prevail in the country where she lives. The HCI is designed to
of the next generation of workers, assuming that children born today experience over the next
y face.
y. In the poorest countries in the world, there is a significant risk that the child does not even
oes not start school, let alone complete the full cycle of 14 years of school from pre-school to
nevenly into learning, depending on the quality of teachers and schools she experiences. When
d that limit her physical and cognitive abilities as an adult.
of the next generation of workers, with these three components:
ntity and quality of education. The quantity of education is measured as the expected number
ent rates across grades. The quality of education reflects ongoing work at the World Bank to
are combined into a measure of learning-adjusted school years using the “learning-adjusted
ely-available metric, the overall health environment is captured by two proxies: (i) adult survival
ng for children under age 5. Adult survival rates are calculated by the UN Population Division for
omes that a child born today would experience as an adult if current conditions prevail into the
alth environment, and so summarizes the risks to good health that children born today are likely
adulthood. Data on the prevalence of stunting is reported in the WHO-UNICEF-World Bank Joint
the benchmark of complete education and full health. This gives the units of the index a natural
ker of a child born in a given year in that country is only a fraction X of what it could be under
butions of the three components of the HCI, each of which is also expressed in terms of
rences in the human capital have large implications for the productivity of the next generation
today will be only 43 percent as productive as she would be in the benchmark of complete
pital Project”.
Human Capital Index and Components: Summary Table
Database: Version September 21, 2018
Country: India
Most Recent Estimate Year of Most Recent Estim

Indicator
Male + Male Female Male +
Female Only Only Female
HCI Component 1: Survival
Probability of Survival to Age 5 0.961 0.961 0.960 2017
HCI Component 2: School
Expected Years of School 10.2 10.1 10.3 2013
Harmonized Test Scores 355 347 362 2009
HCI Component 3: Health
Survival Rate from Age 15-60 0.825 0.790 0.864 2017
Fraction of Children Under 5 Not Stunted 0.621 0.617 0.626 2015
Human Capital Index (HCI) 0.44 0.43 0.45
Uncertainty Interval [0.43,0.45] [0.42,0.44] [0.44,0.46]
Human Capital Index and Components: Summary Table

Note: This table reports the Human Capital Index (HCI) and its components for the year 2017. “Most Recent Estimate” re
back up to 10 years to fill in missing observations. “Year of Most Recent Estimate” indicates the year from which the mos
• Probability of Survival measures the probability of surviving to age 5.

• Expected Years of School measures the number of years of school a child progressing through the current pattern of en
years.
• Harmonized Test Scores measure performance on international testing programs that have been converted into commo
• Adult Survival Rates measure the probability of surviving from age 15 to age 60.
• Fraction of Children not Stunted measures the fraction of children under 5 who are not two standard deviations or mo
The last row reports the overall HCI score. The HCI combines the components above into a measure of productivity as a f
education and full health. The index ranges from zero to one, and a value of X means that a worker of the next generatio
complete education and full health.
The uncertainty intervals reflect the imprecision in the components and the overall index. They are obtained by recalcula
components of the HCI, that reflect the measurement error in the components. While the uncertainty intervals construc
that if for two countries they overlap substantially, the differences between their HCI values are not likely to be practicall
The gender-disaggregated HCI is calculated using only gender-disaggregated adult survival rates as a proxy for health if ge
lead to gender-disaggregated HCI estimates that are both higher or both lower than the gender-combined rate.
ts: Summary Table
Year of Most Recent Estimate

Source
Male Female
Only Only
2017 2017 UN Interagency Group for Child Mortality Estimates
2013 2013 World Bank Staff Estimates
2009 2009 Patrinos and Angrist (2018)
2017 2017 UN Population Division, Interpolated
2015 2015 UNICEF-WHO-WB Joint Malnutrition Estimates
World Bank Staff Estimates
World Bank Staff Estimates

7. “Most Recent Estimate” reports the most recently-available observation for each component, going
the year from which the most recent observation is taken. Empty cells indicate missing data.
ugh the current pattern of enrollment rates can expect to obtain by the age of 18, up to a maximum of 14
e been converted into common units with a mean of 500 and a standard deviation of 100 across students.
wo standard deviations or more below the normal height-for-age (i.e. 1-stunting rate).
measure of productivity as a future worker of a child born today, relative to the benchmark of complete
worker of the next generation will be only X×100 percent as she would be under the benchmark of
hey are obtained by recalculating the HCI using estimates of the lower and upper bounds of each of the
ncertainty intervals constructed here do not have a rigorous statistical interpretation, a rule of thumb is
are not likely to be practically meaningful.
ates as a proxy for health if gender-disaggregated stunting data are not available. In some cases this may
der-combined rate.
Human Capital Index and Components: Comparison
Country: India
Estimate in Year 2012 Source Year for Estimate in 201

Indicator
Male + Male Female Male +
Female Only Only Female
Probability of Survival to Age 5 0.948 0.950 0.945 2012

Harmonized Test Scores 355 347 362 2009
Survival Rate from Age 15-60 0.813 0.778 0.851 2012
Fraction of Children Under 5 Not Stunted 0.522 0.522 0.522 2006
Human Capital Index (HCI)
Uncertainty Interval
Human Capital Index and Components: Comparison over Time

Note: This table reports the Human Capital Index (HCI) and its components for the year 2012 and the year 2017. “Estim
each component as of the year 2012, going back up to 10 years to fill in missing observations. “Source Year for Estimat
“Estimate in Year 2017” reports the most recently-available observation for each component as of the year 2017, goin
Estimate in 2017” indicates the year from which this observation is taken. Empty cells indicate missing data.
• Probability of Survival measures the probability of surviving to age 5.

• Expected Years of School measures the number of years of school a child progressing through the current pattern of
of 14 years.
• Harmonized Test Scores measure performance on international testing programs that have been converted into com
students.
• Adult Survival Rates measure the probability of surviving from age 15 to age 60.
• Fraction of Children not Stunted measures the fraction of children under 5 who are not two standard deviations or m
The last row reports the overall HCI score for the years 2012 and 2017. The HCI combines the components above into
to the benchmark of complete education and full health. The index ranges from zero to one, and a value of X means th
would be under the benchmark of complete education and full health.
The uncertainty intervals reflect the imprecision in the components and the overall index. They are obtained by recalc
the components of the HCI, that reflect the measurement error in the components. While the uncertainty intervals co
thumb is that if for two countries they overlap substantially, the differences between their HCI values are not likely to b
nd Components: Comparison over Time
ember 21, 2018
Source Year for Estimate in 2012 Estimate in Year 2017 Source Year for Estimate in 2017
Male Female Male + Male Male + Female

Female Only Female Male Only
Only Only Female Only Only
2012 2012 0.961 0.961 0.960 2017 2017 2017
10.2 10.1 10.3 2013 2013 2013
2009 2009 355 347 362 2009 2009 2009
2012 2012 0.825 0.790 0.864 2017 2017 2017
2006 2006 0.621 0.617 0.626 2015 2015 2015
0.44 0.43 0.45
[0.43,0.45] [0.42,0.44] [0.44,0.46]

r 2012 and the year 2017. “Estimate in Year 2012” reports the most recently-available observation for
ations. “Source Year for Estimate in 2012” indicates the year from which this observation is taken.
onent as of the year 2017, going back up to 10 years to fill in missing observations. “Source Year for
ndicate missing data.
through the current pattern of enrollment rates can expect to obtain by the age of 18, up to a maximum
t have been converted into common units with a mean of 500 and a standard deviation of 100 across
ot two standard deviations or more below the normal height-for-age (i.e. 1-stunting rate).
nes the components above into a measure of productivity as a future worker of a child born today, relative
o one, and a value of X means that a worker of the next generation will be only X×100 percent as she
ex. They are obtained by recalculating the HCI using estimates of the lower and upper bounds of each of
hile the uncertainty intervals constructed here do not have a rigorous statistical interpretation, a rule of
heir HCI values are not likely to be practically meaningful.
Human Capital Index and Components: Graphs
Country: India
Note: The graph above shows the distribution of the 5 components of the Human Capital Index as well as the di
based on the latest data available. The red vertical lines indicate the quartiles of each variable. The black marker
distribution of the data for all countries, as indicated by the grey circles.
The graphs above plot the Human Capital Index and its components (on the vertical axis) against the logarithm o
Real GDP per capita adjusted for differences in purchasing power parity is taken from the Penn World Tables (Fe
filled using data from World Bank estimates of GDP at PPP. The graphs show cross-sections of the most recently-
reports uncertainty intervals as vertical lines around the estimated HCI for each country.
al Index as well as the distribution of the overall Human Capital Index
riable. The black marker shows where the country is located in the
) against the logarithm of real GDP per capita (on the horizontal axis).
e Penn World Tables (Feenstra et. al. (2015)), with missing countries
ns of the most recently-available data. The graph for the overall HCI
Human Capital Index and Components: Regional and Income Grou
East Asia & Europe &

India Pacific Central Asia
Indicator
Male + Female Male + Female Male + Female
Probability of Survival to Age 5 0.961 0.978 0.993
Expected Years of School 10.2 11.9 13.0

Harmonized Test Scores 355 451 495
Survival Rate from Age 15-60 0.825 0.873 0.900
Fraction of Children Under 5 Not Stunted 0.621 0.776 0.881
Lower Middle
India Low Income Income
Indicator
Male + Female Male + Female Male + Female
Probability of Survival to Age 5 0.961 0.929 0.961
Expected Years of School 10.2 7.8 10.4

Harmonized Test Scores 355 363 391
Survival Rate from Age 15-60 0.825 0.745 0.807
Fraction of Children Under 5 Not Stunted 0.621 0.658 0.730

Human Capital Index and Components: Regional and Income Group Benchmarks
The above tables show the averages of the 5 components of the Human Capital Index and the average of the overall
Human Capital Index i) by region and ii) by income group. The averages are calculated based on the latest data availa
each country. The second column of the tables shows the values for the specific country of interest to facilitate comp
to its benchmarks. Empty cells indicate missing data.
nents: Regional and Income Group Benchmarks
Latin America Middle East & North America Sub-Saharan

South Asia
& Caribbean North Africa Africa
Male + Female Male + Female Male + Female Male + Female Male + Female
0.980 0.984 0.994 0.957 0.934
11.9 11.5 13.5 10.5 8.1

404 408 530 364 374
0.861 0.906 0.921 0.841 0.732
0.859 0.847 0.979 0.645 0.684
0.55 0.57 0.78 0.46 0.40
Upper Middle High Income

Income
Male + Female Male + Female
0.983 0.995
11.7 13.3
428 506
0.863 0.923
0.869 0.935
0.58 0.74
Index and the average of the overall
ulated based on the latest data available for
country of interest to facilitate comparison
Country: India
As Reported Most Recent Estimate Year of Most Recent Estimate

Year Male + Male Female Male + Male Female Male + Male Female
Female Only Only Female Only Only Female Only Only
2000 0.908 0.913 0.903 0.908 0.913 0.903 2000 2000 2000
2001 0.912 0.916 0.907 0.912 0.916 0.907 2001 2001 2001
2002 0.915 0.920 0.911 0.915 0.920 0.911 2002 2002 2002
2003 0.919 0.923 0.914 0.919 0.923 0.914 2003 2003 2003
2004 0.922 0.926 0.918 0.922 0.926 0.918 2004 2004 2004
2005 0.925 0.929 0.921 0.925 0.929 0.921 2005 2005 2005
2006 0.929 0.932 0.925 0.929 0.932 0.925 2006 2006 2006
2007 0.932 0.936 0.928 0.932 0.936 0.928 2007 2007 2007
2008 0.935 0.938 0.932 0.935 0.938 0.932 2008 2008 2008
2009 0.938 0.941 0.935 0.938 0.941 0.935 2009 2009 2009
2010 0.942 0.944 0.939 0.942 0.944 0.939 2010 2010 2010
2011 0.945 0.947 0.942 0.945 0.947 0.942 2011 2011 2011
2012 0.948 0.950 0.945 0.948 0.950 0.945 2012 2012 2012
2013 0.951 0.952 0.949 0.951 0.952 0.949 2013 2013 2013
2014 0.953 0.955 0.952 0.953 0.955 0.952 2014 2014 2014
2015 0.956 0.957 0.955 0.956 0.957 0.955 2015 2015 2015
2016 0.958 0.959 0.957 0.958 0.959 0.957 2016 2016 2016
2017 0.961 0.961 0.960 0.961 0.961 0.960 2017 2017 2017
Note: This table reports data on the probability of survival from birth to age 5, based on estimates of under-5 mortality
“Most Recent Estimate” reports the most recently-available observation for each year, going back up to 10 years to fill i
from which the most recent observation is taken. Empty cells indicate missing data.
Source: UN Interagency Group for Child Mortality Estimates, 18 September 2018 data release, unless otherwise indicat
Source
UN Interagency Group for Child Mortality Estimates

tes of under-5 mortality rates. “As Reported” refers to data as reported in the original source.
ack up to 10 years to fill in missing observations. “Year of Most Recent Estimate” indicates the year
unless otherwise indicated.

Country: India
Year of Most Recent Primary

Expected Years of School Adjusted for Repetition (Yes/No)
Enrollment Rate
Year
Male + Only Male + Only Male +
Female Only Male Female Female Only Male Female Only Male
Female
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013 9.9 9.8 10.0 2013 2013 2013 Yes Yes
2014 10.1 10.0 10.2 2013 2013 2013 Yes Yes
2015 10.1 10.1 10.2 2013 2013 2013 Yes Yes
2016 10.2 10.1 10.3 2013 2013 2013 Yes Yes
2017 10.2 10.1 10.3 2013 2013 2013 Yes Yes
Note: This table reports estimates of expected years of school by age 18. It is calculated as the sum of age-specific enr
approximated using school enrollment rates at different levels: pre-primary enrollment rates approximate the age-spec
for 6-11 year-olds; the lower-secondary rate approximates for 12-14 year-olds; and the upper-secondary approximates
0 to 14 years, and differences across countries and over time reflect only differences in enrollment rates. The preferred
enrollment rate. If total net enrollment rates are not available, other available rates are used. If data on repetition are
third panel of the table. Gaps in the enrollment series have been filled using lags up to 10 years. The year of the most
reported in the second panel of the table. Empty cells indicate missing data. For details on which enrollment rates are
Details".
Source: Enrollment rates are taken from UNESCO Institute of Statistics, and are supplemented with data gathered by W
databases used, see the sheet "Enrollment Details".
or Repetition (Yes/No)
Source
Only
Female
Yes World Bank Staff Estimates

s the sum of age-specific enrollment rates between ages 4 and 17. Age-specific enrollment rates are
tes approximate the age-specific enrolment rates for 4 and 5 year-olds; the primary rate approximates
pper-secondary approximates for 15-17 year-olds. This means that expected years of school ranges from
nrollment rates. The preferred enrollment rate used in this calculation is the repetition-adjusted total net
sed. If data on repetition are not available, the non-repetition-adjusted rates are used, as indicated in the
years. The year of the most recently-available primary enrollment rate on which the estimate is based is
n which enrollment rates are used and the treatment of missing values, see the sheet "Enrollment
nted with data gathered by World Bank staff as indicated. For more details on the different sources and
Country: India

Year Male + Male Female Male + Male Female Male + Male Female
Female Only Only Female Only Only Female Only Only
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009 355 347 362 355 347 362 2009 2009 2009
2010 355 347 362 2009 2009 2009
2011 355 347 362 2009 2009 2009
2012 355 347 362 2009 2009 2009
2013 355 347 362 2009 2009 2009
2014 355 347 362 2009 2009 2009
2015 355 347 362 2009 2009 2009
2016 355 347 362 2009 2009 2009
2017 355 347 362 2009 2009 2009

Note: This table reports data on harmonized test scores from major international testing programs. Test scores have been h
deviation of 100 across students in OECD countries. The harmonization methodology is detailed in Patrinos and Angrist (20
those tests covering multiple grades and programs. The testing program from which each test observation is taken is indica
• TIMSS/PIRLS: Refers to average of test scores from TIMSS (Trends in International Maths and Science Study) and PIRLS (P
International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement. Data from each PIRLS round is moved to the year
• PISA: Refers to test scores from Programme for International Student Assessment
• PISA+TIMSS/PIRLS: Refers to the average of these programs for countries and years where both are available
• SACMEQ: Refers to test scores from Southern and Eastern Africa Consortium for Monitoring Educational Quality
• PASEC: Refers to test scores from Program of Analysis of Education Systems
• LLECE: Refers to test scores from Latin American Laboratory for Assessment of the Quality of Education
• EGRA: Refers to test scores from nationally-representative Early Grade Reading Assessments.
• EGRANR: Refers to test scores from non-nationally-representative Early Grade Reading Assessments
Empty cells indicate missing data.
Source: Patrinos, Harry Anthony, and Noam Angrist (2018). “A Global Dataset on Education Quality: A Review and Update (2
Testing Programme Source
PISA Patrinos and Angrist (2018)

rams. Test scores have been harmonized into TIMSS-equivalent units, i.e. a mean of 500 and a standard
ed in Patrinos and Angrist (2018). Harmonized test scores are averaged across grades and subjects for
observation is taken is indicated as follows:
d Science Study) and PIRLS (Progress in International Reading Literacy Study), both carried out by the
S round is moved to the year of the nearest TIMSS round and averaged with the TIMSS data.
both are available

g Educational Quality
of Education
s.
ssments
uality: A Review and Update (2000–2017).” World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 8592.
Probability of Survival from Age 15-60
Country: India

Year Male + Male Female Male + Male Female Male + Male
Female Only Only Female Only Only Female Only
2000 0.777 0.750 0.807 0.777 0.750 0.807 2000 2000

2001 0.780 0.752 0.810 0.780 0.752 0.810 2001 2001
2002 0.782 0.755 0.812 0.782 0.755 0.812 2002 2002
2003 0.785 0.758 0.816 0.785 0.758 0.816 2003 2003
2004 0.788 0.761 0.819 0.788 0.761 0.819 2004 2004
2005 0.791 0.764 0.822 0.791 0.764 0.822 2005 2005
2006 0.795 0.767 0.825 0.795 0.767 0.825 2006 2006
2007 0.798 0.769 0.828 0.798 0.769 0.828 2007 2007
2008 0.801 0.771 0.833 0.801 0.771 0.833 2008 2008
2009 0.804 0.773 0.838 0.804 0.773 0.838 2009 2009
2010 0.807 0.775 0.842 0.807 0.775 0.842 2010 2010
2011 0.810 0.777 0.847 0.810 0.777 0.847 2011 2011
2012 0.813 0.778 0.851 0.813 0.778 0.851 2012 2012
2013 0.815 0.781 0.854 0.815 0.781 0.854 2013 2013
2014 0.818 0.783 0.856 0.818 0.783 0.856 2014 2014
2015 0.820 0.785 0.859 0.820 0.785 0.859 2015 2015
2016 0.823 0.788 0.861 0.823 0.788 0.861 2016 2016
2017 0.825 0.790 0.864 0.825 0.790 0.864 2017 2017
Probability of Survival from Age 15-60
Note: This table reports data on the probability of survival from age 15 to age 60, based on estimated mortality rates o
been linearly-interpolated to annual frequency. “As Reported” refers to data as reported in the original source. “Most R
each year, going back up to 10 years to fill in missing observations. “Year of Most Recent Estimate” indicates the year fr
missing data.
Source: United Nations Population Division World Population Prospects, 2017 data release, unless otherwise indicated
ost Recent Estimate
Female Source
Only
2000 UN Population Division, Interpolated
sed on estimated mortality rates over this age range. Data are reported for 5-year intervals, and have
ted in the original source. “Most Recent Estimate” reports the most recently-available observation for
ent Estimate” indicates the year from which the most recent observation is taken. Empty cells indicate
elease, unless otherwise indicated.

Fraction of Children Under 5 Not Stunted
Country: India

Year Male + Female Male + Female Male +
Female Male Only Only Female Male Only Only Female Male Only
2000 0.458 1999
2001 0.458 1999
2002 0.458 1999
2003 0.458 1999
2004 0.458 1999
2005 0.458 1999
2006 0.522 0.522 0.522 0.522 0.522 0.522 2006 2006
2007 0.522 0.522 0.522 2006 2006
2008 0.522 0.522 0.522 2006 2006
2009 0.522 0.522 0.522 2006 2006
2010 0.522 0.522 0.522 2006 2006
2011 0.522 0.522 0.522 2006 2006
2012 0.522 0.522 0.522 2006 2006
2013 0.522 0.522 0.522 2006 2006
2014 0.613 0.613 2014
2015 0.621 0.617 0.626 0.621 0.617 0.626 2015 2015
2016 0.621 0.617 0.626 2015 2015
2017 0.621 0.617 0.626 2015 2015
Fraction of Children Under 5 Not Stunted
Note: This table reports data on the fraction of children below the age of 5 whose height-for-age is not two or more stan
(i.e. 1-stunting rate). “As Reported” refers to data as reported in the original source. “Most Recent Estimate” reports the
years to fill in missing observations. “Year of Most Recent Estimate” indicates the year from which the most recent obse
Source: UNICEF-WHO-World Bank Joint Malnutrition Estimates, May 2018 data release, unless otherwise indicated. Info
Not Stunted
Most Recent Estimate

Female Source
Only
2006 UNICEF-WHO-WB Joint Malnutrition Estimates

2006
2006
2006
2006
2006
2006
2006
UNICEF-WHO-WB Joint Malnutrition Estimates
2015 UNICEF-WHO-WB Joint Malnutrition Estimates
2015
2015
ght-for-age is not two or more standard deviations below the reference median for normal child development
Most Recent Estimate” reports the most recently-available observation for each year, going back up to 10
from which the most recent observation is taken. Empty cells indicate missing data.
e, unless otherwise indicated. Information on the primary data source from which the estimates are taken can be retrieved from this site.
Enrollment Details
Country: India
1. Pre-Primary
Gross Enrollment Rate Net Enrollment Rate Adjusted Net Enrollment Total Net Enrollment
(GER) (NER) Rate (ANER) Rate (TNER)
Year
Male + Only Only Male + Only Only Male + Only Only Male +
Female Male Female Female Male Female Female Male Female Female
2000
2001 3.5 3.7 3.3
2002 6.1 6.3 6.0
2003 7.3 7.2 7.3
2004 6.6 6.6 6.6
2005 6.2 6.2 6.2
2006 6.9 6.8 6.9
2007 7.0 7.1 6.9
2008 8.5 8.6 8.4
2009 7.5 7.5 7.6
2010 7.2 7.2 7.2
2011 7.7 7.8 7.6
2012 7.9 8.0 7.7
2013 9.6 10.0 9.2
2014 11.7 12.1 11.3
2015 12.2 12.6 11.8
2016 12.9 13.3 12.5
2017
Year
2000 94.6 102.2 86.3 79.8 86.2 72.8 84.2 91.0 76.7 84.2
2001 94.4 101.5 86.7 79.7 85.6 73.2 84.1 90.2 77.4 84.1
2002 95.1 101.2 88.3 79.3 84.4 73.5 83.9 89.4 77.8 83.9
2003 103.0 104.3 101.5 83.8 84.9 82.6 88.7 90.0 87.3 88.7
2004
2005
2006
2007 110.2 111.2 109.2 91.3 91.9 90.6 97.0 97.7 96.2 97.0
2008 110.9 110.4 111.5 91.0 90.5 91.6 97.0 96.4 97.7 97.0
2009 109.6 108.4 110.9 90.8 89.6 92.0 95.7 94.5 96.9 95.7
2010 109.2 108.1 110.4 91.0 90.1 92.1 96.2 95.3 97.2 96.2
2011 108.4 106.9 110.0 90.4 89.2 91.8 95.8 94.5 97.2 95.8
2012 109.8 108.0 111.7 91.6 91.0 92.2 97.0 96.4 97.7 97.0
2013 110.6 104.8 117.0 92.3 91.7 92.9 97.7 97.1 98.4 97.7
2014 107.9 102.3 114.0
2015 108.5 102.7 115.0
2016 114.5 106.1 123.9
2017
Year
2000 60.5 69.5 50.8

2001 61.0 69.4 52.0
2002 63.5 71.0 55.3
2003 65.9 70.9 60.5
2004 68.3 73.2 63.0
2005 71.9 76.3 67.1
2006 72.5 76.5 68.1
2007 76.9 80.2 73.3
2008 77.6 79.9 75.1
2009 75.3 76.0 74.6
2010 80.2 81.6 78.6
2011 83.3 83.6 82.9
2012 84.1 83.9 84.3
2013 85.2 82.7 88.0 66.4 64.4 68.6 74.6 72.7 76.7 85.2
2014 87.9 85.5 90.5
2015 87.5 85.1 90.2
2016 87.9 85.4 90.6
2017
Year
2000 32.9 39.0 26.3

2001 33.1 39.4 26.2
2002 34.7 40.7 28.1
2003 37.4 42.7 31.6
2004 38.7 44.2 32.7
2005 40.5 45.9 34.7
2006 41.7 46.8 36.2
2007 42.5 47.1 37.6
2008 47.4 51.7 42.7
2009 47.8 51.3 44.0
2010 50.3 53.0 47.2
2011 53.5 56.4 50.2
2012 57.7 60.7 54.4
2013 56.4 57.7 54.9 44.6 45.6 43.5 44.6 45.6 43.5 52.2
2014 63.9 64.9 62.8
2015 63.6 64.7 62.4
2016 65.5 66.3 64.6
2017
Enrollment Details
Notes: This table reports data on enrollment rates and repetition rates used to construct estimates of expected years o
• “Gross Enrollment Rate” (GER) measures the number of children of any age who are enrolled in a given level, as a fra
• “Net Enrollment Rate” (NER) measures the fraction of children in the theoretical age range for a given level of school
• “Adjusted Net Enrollment Rate” (ANER) measures the fraction of children in the theoretical age range for a given leve
• “Total Net Enrollment Rate” (TNER) measures the fraction of children in the theoretical age range for a given level of
To build the measures of enrollment rates used to calculate expected years of school, missing values of each enrollmen
each level is selected based on availability of the filled-in series in 2017, in the following order of preference: TNER>AN
the columns labelled “Enrollment Rate Used to Calculate Expected Years of School”. The column "Based on Type" indica
“Repetition Rate” report the fraction of enrolled students in a given level who are repeating that grade (not reported fo
Expected School Years, Repetition-Adjusted" report the repetition-adjusted enrollment rate based on these repetition r
resulting enrollment rates > 100% are top-coded at 100%. Empty cells indicate missing data.
Sources: Unless otherwise noted, enrollment rates are taken from the UNESCO Institute of Statistics database, UIS.Stat
Adjusted Net Enrollment Rates (ANER) for Upper Secondary are retrieved from the UNESCO Institute of Statistics websi
Repetition Rates and Total Net Enrollment Rates (TNER) for Upper Secondary are retrieved from the UNESCO Institute o
ent Details
Version September 21, 2018
1. Pre-Primary
Total Net Enrollment Enrollment Rate Used to Calculate

Rate (TNER) Expected School Years
Notes
Only Only Male + Only Only Based on
Male Female Female Male Female Type:
3.2 3.3 3.2 GER

3.5 3.7 3.3 GER
6.1 6.3 6.0 GER
7.3 7.2 7.3 GER
6.6 6.6 6.6 GER
6.2 6.2 6.2 GER
6.9 6.8 6.9 GER
7.0 7.1 6.9 GER
8.5 8.6 8.4 GER
7.5 7.5 7.6 GER
7.2 7.2 7.2 GER
7.7 7.8 7.6 GER
7.9 8.0 7.7 GER
9.6 10.0 9.2 GER
11.7 12.1 11.3 GER
12.2 12.6 11.8 GER
12.9 13.3 12.5 GER
12.9 13.3 12.5 GER
2. Primary
Enrollment Rate Used to Calculate Enrollment Rate Used to Calculate

Total Net Enrollment Expected School Years, Not Repetition Rate (REP) Expected School Years, Repetition-
Rate (TNER) Repetition-Adjusted Adjusted
Only Only Male + Only Only Based on Male + Only Only Male + Only Only
Male Female Female Male Female Type: Female Male Female Female Male Female
91.0 76.7 84.2 91.0 76.7 TNER 4.2 4.2 4.1 80.7 87.2 73.5
90.2 77.4 84.1 90.2 77.4 TNER 3.7 3.7 3.7 81.0 86.9 74.5
89.4 77.8 83.9 89.4 77.8 TNER 3.6 3.6 3.7 80.8 86.2 74.9
90.0 87.3 88.7 90.0 87.3 TNER 3.6 3.6 3.6 85.5 86.8 84.2
88.7 90.0 87.3 TNER 85.5 86.8 84.2
88.7 90.0 87.3 TNER 85.5 86.8 84.2
88.7 90.0 87.3 TNER 85.5 86.8 84.2
97.7 96.2 97.0 97.7 96.2 TNER 3.5 3.5 3.5 93.6 94.2 92.9
96.4 97.7 97.0 96.4 97.7 TNER 3.5 3.6 3.5 93.6 93.0 94.2
94.5 96.9 95.7 94.5 96.9 TNER 92.3 91.2 93.5
95.3 97.2 96.2 95.3 97.2 TNER 92.8 91.9 93.8
94.5 97.2 95.8 94.5 97.2 TNER 5.0 5.1 5.0 91.0 89.7 92.4
96.4 97.7 97.0 96.4 97.7 TNER 2.6 2.7 2.6 94.4 93.8 95.2
97.1 98.4 97.7 97.1 98.4 TNER 2.1 2.2 2.1 95.6 95.0 96.4
97.7 97.1 98.4 TNER 1.3 1.3 1.3 96.5 95.8 97.2
97.7 97.1 98.4 TNER 0.8 0.8 0.7 97.0 96.3 97.7
97.7 97.1 98.4 TNER 0.5 0.5 0.5 97.2 96.6 97.9
97.7 97.1 98.4 TNER 97.2 96.6 97.9
3. Lower Secondary

4.9 5.1 4.6

4.9 5.1 4.6
4.7 5.0 4.3
4.7 5.0 4.3
3.3 3.4 3.1
82.7 88.0 85.2 82.7 88.0 TNER 82.5 79.9 85.3

85.2 82.7 88.0 TNER 0.8 0.8 0.8 84.5 82.1 87.3
85.2 82.7 88.0 TNER 0.5 0.5 0.5 84.8 82.3 87.6
85.2 82.7 88.0 TNER 0.4 0.4 0.3 84.9 82.4 87.7
85.2 82.7 88.0 TNER 84.9 82.4 87.7
4. Upper Secondary
53.0 51.4 52.2 53.0 51.4 TNER 2.6 2.6 2.5 50.9 51.6 50.1
52.2 53.0 51.4 TNER 2.5 2.6 2.5 50.9 51.6 50.1
52.2 53.0 51.4 TNER 2.5 2.6 2.4 50.9 51.6 50.1
52.2 53.0 51.4 TNER 2.3 2.4 2.2 51.0 51.7 50.3
52.2 53.0 51.4 TNER 51.0 51.7 50.3
estimates of expected years of school.
nrolled in a given level, as a fraction of the number of children in that age range.
nge for a given level of school who are in school at that level.
tical age range for a given level of school who are in school at that level or the level above.
age range for a given level of school, who are in school at any level.
ssing values of each enrollment rate are filled using lags of up to 10 years. The enrollment rate used at
order of preference: TNER>ANER>NER>GER. This filled-in time series of the selected rate is reported in
column "Based on Type" indicates which of these enrollment rates is used. The columns labelled
ting that grade (not reported for pre-primary). The columns "Enrollment Rate Used to Calculate
ate based on these repetition rates, after filling in missing values using lags of up to 10 years. Any
ata.
of Statistics database, UIS.Stat.

CO Institute of Statistics website.
d from the UNESCO Institute of Statistics API developer portal.
Used to Calculate
Years, Repetition-
usted
Notes
Based on
Type:
TNER
TNER
TNER
TNER
TNER
TNER
TNER
TNER
TNER
TNER
TNER
TNER
TNER
TNER
TNER
TNER
TNER
TNER
Used to Calculate
Years, Repetition-
usted
Notes
Based on
Type:
TNER
TNER
TNER
TNER
TNER
Used to Calculate
Years, Repetition-
usted Notes
Based on
Type:
TNER
TNER
TNER
TNER
TNER

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The Human Capital Project: Overall Context

vel for each of the

Date file created: October 2018

Contents (click on hyperlink to get to specific sheet)

The Human Capital Index: Context

Components of the Human Capital Index

Unit of Measurement of the Human Capital Index

of the next generation of workers, with these three components:

Most Recent Estimate Year of Most Recent Estim

HCI Component 1: Survival

Probability of Survival to Age 5 0.961 0.961 0.960 2017

HCI Component 2: School

Expected Years of School 10.2 10.1 10.3 2013

Harmonized Test Scores 355 347 362 2009

HCI Component 3: Health

Survival Rate from Age 15-60 0.825 0.790 0.864 2017

Fraction of Children Under 5 Not Stunted 0.621 0.617 0.626 2015

Human Capital Index (HCI) 0.44 0.43 0.45

Uncertainty Interval [0.43,0.45] [0.42,0.44] [0.44,0.46]

Human Capital Index and Components: Summary Table

• Probability of Survival measures the probability of surviving to age 5.

Year of Most Recent Estimate

2017 2017 UN Interagency Group for Child Mortality Estimates

2013 2013 World Bank Staff Estimates

2009 2009 Patrinos and Angrist (2018)

2017 2017 UN Population Division, Interpolated

2015 2015 UNICEF-WHO-WB Joint Malnutrition Estimates

World Bank Staff Estimates

World Bank Staff Estimates

Estimate in Year 2012 Source Year for Estimate in 201

HCI Component 1: Survival

Probability of Survival to Age 5 0.948 0.950 0.945 2012

HCI Component 2: School

Harmonized Test Scores 355 347 362 2009

HCI Component 3: Health

Survival Rate from Age 15-60 0.813 0.778 0.851 2012

Fraction of Children Under 5 Not Stunted 0.522 0.522 0.522 2006

Human Capital Index (HCI)

Human Capital Index and Components: Comparison over Time

• Probability of Survival measures the probability of surviving to age 5.

Male Female Male + Male Male + Female

2012 2012 0.961 0.961 0.960 2017 2017 2017

10.2 10.1 10.3 2013 2013 2013

2009 2009 355 347 362 2009 2009 2009

2012 2012 0.825 0.790 0.864 2017 2017 2017

2006 2006 0.621 0.617 0.626 2015 2015 2015

0.44 0.43 0.45

[0.43,0.45] [0.42,0.44] [0.44,0.46]

Human Capital Index and Components: Graphs

East Asia & Europe &

HCI Component 1: Survival

Probability of Survival to Age 5 0.961 0.978 0.993

HCI Component 2: School

Expected Years of School 10.2 11.9 13.0

HCI Component 3: Health

Survival Rate from Age 15-60 0.825 0.873 0.900

Fraction of Children Under 5 Not Stunted 0.621 0.776 0.881

Human Capital Index (HCI) 0.44 0.61 0.70

HCI Component 1: Survival

Probability of Survival to Age 5 0.961 0.929 0.961

HCI Component 2: School

Expected Years of School 10.2 7.8 10.4

Survival Rate from Age 15-60 0.825 0.745 0.807

Fraction of Children Under 5 Not Stunted 0.621 0.658 0.730