Combined Data Sheet

Gravity: Analog Dissolved Oxygen Sensor SKU:SEN0237
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Contents
1 Introduction
2 Specification
3 Board Overview
4 Tutorial
4.1 Requirements
4.2 Prepare the Probe
4.3 Connection Diagram
4.4 Probe Calibration
4.5 Sample Code
5 FAQ (https://www.dfrobot.com/product-1628.html)
6 More Documents Gravity: Analog Dissolved Oxygen Sensor
SKU: SEN0237
Introduction (https://www.dfrobot.com/product-1628.html)
There’s an old saying regarding to keeping fish, “Good fish deserves good water”. Good water quality is very
important to the aquatic organisms. Dissolved oxygen is one of the important parameters to reflect the water
quality. Low dissolved oxygen in water will lead to difficulty in breathing for aquatic organisms, which may threaten the lives of aquatic organisms their lives.
We launched a new opensource dissolved oxygen sensor kit, which is compatible with Arduino. This product is used to measure the dissolved oxygen in water, to
reflect the water quality. It is widely applied in many water quality applications, such as aquaculture, environment monitoring, natural science and so on. This
sensor kit helps you quickly to build your own dissolved oxygen detector.
The probe is a galvanic probe, no need polarization time, and available at any time. The filling solution and membrane cap is replaceable, leading to the low
maintenance cost. The signal converter board is plug and play, and has the good compatibility. It can be easily integrated to any control or detecting system.
This product is easy to use with high compatibility. With open-source code and detailed tutorial provided, this product is very suitable for your water projects
in protecting detecting the dissolved oxygen concentration for the aquatic organisms.
1. The filling solution is 0.5 mol/L NaOH solution. You need to pour it in the membrane cap before use. Please be
(/wiki/index.php/File:Warning_yellow.png) caution with the operation because the solution is corrosive. Please wear gloves! If the solution accidentally
drops onto the skin, wash your skin with plenty of water immediately.
2. The oxygen permeable membrane in the membrane cap is sensitive and fragile. Be caution when handling with
it. Fingernail and other sharp objects should be avoided.
3. The DO sensor will consume a little oxygen during the measurement. Please gently stir the solution and let
the oxygen to be distributed evenly in the water.
Specification
Dissolved Oxygen Probe
Type: Galvanic Probe
Detection Range: 0~20 mg/L
Temperature Range: 0~40 ℃
Response Time: Up to 98% full response, within 90 seconds (25℃)

Pressure Range: 0~50 PSI
Electrode Service Life: 1 year (normal use)
Maintenance Period:
Membrane Cap Replacement Period:
1~2 months (in muddy water);
4~5 months (in clean water)
Filling Solution Replacement Period: Once every month
Cable Length: 2 meters
Probe Connector: BNC
Signal Converter Board
Supply Voltage: 3.3~5.5V

Output Signal: 0~3.0V
Cable Connector: BNC
Signal Connector: Gravity Analog Interface (PH2.0-3P)
Dimension: 42mm * 32mm/1.65 * 1.26 inches
Board Overview
No. Label Description
1 A Analog Signal Output (0~3.0V)
2 + VCC (3.3~5.5V)
3 - GND
4 BNC Probe Cable Connector
(/wiki/index.php/File:Oxygen_board_function.png)
Dissolved Oxgen Sensor
Tutorial
This tutorial will show how to use this dissolved oxygen sensor kit. The dissolved oxygen probe is a precision electrochemical sensor. Please pay attention to
the usage details.
Before using the dissolved oxygen probe, 0.5 mol/L NaOH solution should be added into the membrane cap as
(/wiki/index.php/File:Warning_yellow.png) the filling solution of the probe. As NaOH solution has strong corrosivity, protective gloves should be put on
before handling the solution. If the solution accidentally drops onto the skin, wash your skin with plenty of water
immediately.
The oxygen permeable membrane in the membrane cap is sensitive and vulnerable. Be caution when
handling with it. Fingernail and other sharp objects should be avoided.
During the measuring process, the oxygen probe will consume a little oxygen. You need to gently stir the water
and let the oxygen to be distributed evenly in water. On the other hand, do not stirring violently to prevent the
oxygen in the air from quickly entering into the water.
Requirements
Hardware
Dissolved Oxygen Probe (With Membrane Cap) x 1
0.5mol/L NaOH Solution x 1
DFRduino UNO R3 (https://www.dfrobot.com/product-838.html) (or similar) x 1
Dissolved Oxygen Signal Converter Board x 1
Analog Cable (3Pin) x 1
Software
Arduino IDE (Version requirements: V1.0.x, V1.6.x or V1.8.x), Click to Download Arduino IDE from Arduino® (https://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Software%7C)
Prepare the Probe

For a new dissolved oxygen probe, 0.5 mol/L NaOH solution should be added into the membrane cap firstly as the filling solution. If the probe has been used for some
time and the error grows greatly, it is time to change the filling solution. The following tutorial details how to fill the probe with the NaOH solution.
1. Pick up the probe and take off the BNC jumper
The BNC jumper is protecting the probe by shorting the output signal so as to keep the two poles of the probe at the same voltage level when probe is not
filled with NaOH solution. When the probe is filled with NaOH solution, it outputs a voltage signal, and as a result, the probe should not be shorted. In sum,
before filling the probe with the NaOH solution, the BNC jumper should be taken off, or it may shorten the lifespan of the probe.
(/wiki/index.php/File:BncPullOut2.png)
2. Unscrew the membrane cap from the probe and fill about 2/3 volume of the cap with 0.5 mol/L NaOH solution. Make sure the probe is in vertical position with
respect to the horizontal plane. Carefully screw the cap back to the probe. It would be nice if a little bit solution overflows out of the cap to ensure the probe is fully
filled with NaOH solution.
When screwing the cap back to the probe, the probe should be in vertical position with respect to the horizontal plane to avoid creating bubbles in the
filling solution.
If the cap is fully filled with NaOH solution, there will be too much solution overflowing when screwing the cap back to the probe. If the filling solution is too
little, bubbles may be created inside the cap. In sum, the best way is to fill about 2/3 volume of the cap,a little bit overflow when screwing the cap back to the
probe.
Clean the overflowed solution with tissue.
Screw the NaOH solution bottle after every use to prevent the CO2 in the air from affecting the solution.
(/wiki/index.php/File:AddSolution2.png)
Connection Diagram
When the probe is filled with NaOH solution, it needs calibration for once. Before calibration, please connect the probe as the following diagram. Connect
the probe to BNC connector of the signal converter board. Connect the board to the analog input of Arduino main-board.
(/wiki/index.php/File:DOapplication.png)
Dissolved Oxygen Sensor
Probe Calibration
If this is the first time you use the probe or the probe has been used for some time, the probe needs to be calibrated for accuracy.
Common calibration methods: single point calibration and double points calibration. The single point calibration calibrates the probe with saturated dissolved oxygen.
The double points calibration calibrates the probe with both saturated dissolved oxygen and zero dissolved oxygen. In most cases, the single point calibration is
good enough and convenient. The following tutorial details the process of single point calibration.
1. Upload the sample code to Arduino and open the serial monitor. The program refreshes and prints the dissolved oxygen on the screen every seconds.
2. Dip the probe into the saturated dissolved oxygen water and gently stir the water. Check the dissolved oxygen readings and wait for the readings to be stable.
Usually, it takes over 1 minute for the readings to become stable, because the electrochemical reaction in the probe takes time.
If saturated dissolved oxygen water is not available, the air will be a replacement. Dip the probe into the water and stir it for several times to wet
the permeable membrane of the cap. Expose the probe to the air for over 1 minute.
3. Wait for the dissolved oxygen readings to be stable. Then you can do the calibration. The steps are as followed.
Enter ”Calibration” in the serial monitor to enter into calibration mode.

(/wiki/index.php/File:EnterCalibration.png)
Enter ”SATCAL” for dissolved oxygen calibration. The program will print whether the calibration is successful or not.
(/wiki/index.php/File:400px-SATCAL.png)
After the calibration, enter “EXIT” to exit calibration mode.
(/wiki/index.php/File:400px-ExitCMD.png)
4. After the process stated above, the saturated dissolved oxygen calibration has completed. The probe is now ready for measurement.
Sample Code
/***************************************************
//every 30 milliseconds,read the analog value from the ADC
DFRobot Gravity: Analog Dissolved Oxygen Sensor / Meter Kit for Arduino
<https://www.dfrobot.com/wiki/index.php/Gravity:_Analog_Dissolved_Oxygen_Sensor_SKU:SEN0237>
***************************************************
This example reads the concentration of dissolved oxygen in water.
The saturated oxygen calibration is available by UART commends with NL & CR:
calibration ---- enter the calibration mode
satcal ---- calibrate the parameters with saturated oxygen value
exit ---- exit the calibration mode
Created 2017-5-22
By Jason <jason.ling@dfrobot.com@dfrobot.com>
GNU Lesser General Public License.

See <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/> for details.
All above must be included in any redistribution
****************************************************/
/***********Notice and Trouble shooting***************

1. This code is tested on Arduino Uno and Leonardo with Arduino IDE 1.0.5 r2 and 1.8.2.
2. More details, please click this link: <https://www.dfrobot.com/wiki/index.php/Gravity:_Analog_Dissolved_Oxygen_Sensor_SKU:SEN 0237>
****************************************************/
#include <avr/pgmspace.h>
#include <EEPROM.h>
#define DoSensorPin A1 //dissolved oxygen sensor analog output pin to arduino mainboard
#define VREF 5000 //for arduino uno, the ADC reference is the AVCC, that is 5000mV(TYP)
float doValue; //current dissolved oxygen value, unit; mg/L
float temperature = 25; //default temperature is 25^C, you can use a temperature sensor to read it
#define EEPROM_write(address, p) {int i = 0; byte *pp = (byte*)&(p);for(; i < sizeof(p); i++) EEPROM.write(address+i, pp[i]);}
#define EEPROM_read(address, p) {int i = 0; byte *pp = (byte*)&(p);for(; i < sizeof(p); i++) pp[i]=EEPROM.read(address+i);}
#define ReceivedBufferLength 20
char receivedBuffer[ReceivedBufferLength+1]; // store the serial command
byte receivedBufferIndex = 0;
#define SCOUNT 30 // sum of sample point

int analogBuffer[SCOUNT]; //store the analog value in the array, readed from ADC
int analogBufferTemp[SCOUNT];
int analogBufferIndex = 0,copyIndex = 0;
#define SaturationDoVoltageAddress 12 //the address of the Saturation Oxygen voltage stored in the EEPROM
#define SaturationDoTemperatureAddress 16 //the address of the Saturation Oxygen temperature stored in the EEPROM
float SaturationDoVoltage,SaturationDoTemperature;
float averageVoltage;
const float SaturationValueTab[41] PROGMEM = { //saturation dissolved oxygen concentrations at various temperatures
14.46, 14.22, 13.82, 13.44, 13.09,
12.74, 12.42, 12.11, 11.81, 11.53,
11.26, 11.01, 10.77, 10.53, 10.30,
10.08, 9.86, 9.66, 9.46, 9.27,
9.08, 8.90, 8.73, 8.57, 8.41,
8.25, 8.11, 7.96, 7.82, 7.69,
7.56, 7.43, 7.30, 7.18, 7.07,
6.95, 6.84, 6.73, 6.63, 6.53,
6.41,
};
void setup()
{
Serial.begin(115200);
pinMode(DoSensorPin,INPUT);
readDoCharacteristicValues(); //read Characteristic Values calibrated from the EEPROM
}
void loop()
{
static unsigned long analogSampleTimepoint = millis();
if(millis()-analogSampleTimepoint > 30U)
{
analogSampleTimepoint = millis();
analogBuffer[analogBufferIndex] = analogRead(DoSensorPin); //read the analog value and store into the buffer
analogBufferIndex++;
if(analogBufferIndex == SCOUNT)
analogBufferIndex = 0;
}
static unsigned long tempSampleTimepoint = millis(); if(millis()-tempSampleTimepoint
> 500U) // every 500 milliseconds, read the temperature
{
tempSampleTimepoint = millis();
//temperature = readTemperature(); // add your temperature codes here to read the temperature, unit:^C
}
static unsigned long printTimepoint = millis();

if(millis()-printTimepoint > 1000U)
{
printTimepoint = millis();
for(copyIndex=0;copyIndex<SCOUNT;copyIndex++)
{
analogBufferTemp[copyIndex]= analogBuffer[copyIndex];
}
averageVoltage = getMedianNum(analogBufferTemp,SCOUNT) * (float)VREF / 1024.0; // read the value more stable by the median filtering al
Serial.print(F("Temperature:"));
Serial.print(temperature,1);
Serial.print(F("^C"));
doValue = pgm_read_float_near( &SaturationValueTab[0] + (int)(SaturationDoTemperature+0.5) ) * averageVoltage / SaturationDoV oltage; /
Serial.print(F(", DO Value:"));
Serial.print(doValue,2);
Serial.println(F("mg/L"));
}
if(serialDataAvailable() > 0)
{
byte modeIndex = uartParse(); //parse the uart command received
doCalibration(modeIndex); // If the correct calibration command is received, the calibration function should be called.
}
boolean serialDataAvailable(void)
{
char receivedChar;
static unsigned long receivedTimeOut = millis();
while ( Serial.available() > 0 )
{
if (millis() - receivedTimeOut > 500U)
{
receivedBufferIndex = 0;
memset(receivedBuffer,0,(ReceivedBufferLength+1));
}
receivedTimeOut = millis();
receivedChar = Serial.read();
if (receivedChar == '\n' || receivedBufferIndex == ReceivedBufferLength)
{
strupr(receivedBuffer);
return true;
}else{
receivedBuffer[receivedBufferIndex] = receivedChar;
receivedBufferIndex++;
}
}
return false;
}
byte uartParse()
{
byte modeIndex = 0;
if(strstr(receivedBuffer, "CALIBRATION") != NULL)
modeIndex = 1;
else if(strstr(receivedBuffer, "EXIT") != NULL)
modeIndex = 3;
else if(strstr(receivedBuffer, "SATCAL") != NULL)
modeIndex = 2;
return modeIndex;
}
void doCalibration(byte mode)

{
char *receivedBufferPtr;
static boolean doCalibrationFinishFlag = 0,enterCalibrationFlag = 0;
float voltageValueStore;
switch(mode)
{
case 0:
if(enterCalibrationFlag)
Serial.println(F("Command Error"));
break;
case 1:
enterCalibrationFlag = 1;
doCalibrationFinishFlag = 0;
Serial.println();
Serial.println(F(">>>Enter Calibration Mode<<<"));
Serial.println(F(">>>Please put the probe into the saturation oxygen water! <<<"));
Serial.println();
break;
case 2:
{
Serial.println();
Serial.println(F(">>>Saturation Calibration Finish!<<<"));
Serial.println();
EEPROM_write(SaturationDoVoltageAddress, averageVoltage);
EEPROM_write(SaturationDoTemperatureAddress, temperature);
SaturationDoVoltage = averageVoltage;
SaturationDoTemperature = temperature;
}
break;
case 3:
{
Serial.println();
if(doCalibrationFinishFlag)
Serial.print(F(">>>Calibration Successful"));
else
Serial.print(F(">>>Calibration Failed"));
Serial.println(F(",Exit Calibration Mode<<<"));
Serial.println();
}
break;
}
}
int getMedianNum(int bArray[], int iFilterLen)

{
int bTab[iFilterLen];
for (byte i = 0; i<iFilterLen; i++)
{
bTab[i] = bArray[i];
}
int i, j, bTemp;
for (j = 0; j < iFilterLen - 1; j++)
{
for (i = 0; i < iFilterLen - j - 1; i++)
{
if (bTab[i] > bTab[i + 1])
{
bTemp = bTab[i];
bTab[i] = bTab[i + 1];
bTab[i + 1] = bTemp;
}
}
}
if ((iFilterLen & 1) > 0)
bTemp = bTab[(iFilterLen - 1) / 2];
else
bTemp = (bTab[iFilterLen / 2] + bTab[iFilterLen / 2 - 1]) / 2;
return bTemp;
}
void readDoCharacteristicValues(void)
{
EEPROM_read(SaturationDoVoltageAddress, SaturationDoVoltage);
EEPROM_read(SaturationDoTemperatureAddress, SaturationDoTemperature);
if(EEPROM.read(SaturationDoVoltageAddress)==0xFF && EEPROM.read(SaturationDoVoltageAddress+1)==0xFF && EEPROM.read(SaturationDoVoltageAdd
{
SaturationDoVoltage = 1127.6; //default voltage:1127.6mv
EEPROM_write(SaturationDoVoltageAddress, SaturationDoVoltage);
}
if(EEPROM.read(SaturationDoTemperatureAddress)==0xFF && EEPROM.read(SaturationDoTemperatureAddress+1)==0xFF && EEPROM.read(SaturationDoTe
{
SaturationDoTemperature = 25.0; //default temperature is 25^C
EEPROM_write(SaturationDoTemperatureAddress, SaturationDoTemperature);
}
}
FAQ
Q1. How to config the saturated dissolved oxygen water by myself ?
A. You can pump air into water for about 20 minutes to saturate the water with oxygen to obtain 100% dissolved oxygen standard liquid.
Q2. How to make zero dissolved oxygen water ?
A. Add sodium sulfite(Na2SO3) into water until it is saturated. This can consume all the oxygen in the water to obtain the zero dissolved oxygen liquid.
Q3. How to store the probe ?
A.
1. Short time (over nigh to a week ): dip the probe into purified water or deionized water to prevent the filling solution to be evaporated. Disconnect the
probe from instrument every time when it is not in use.
2. Long time: (over a week): unscrew the cap from the probe and wash the electrodes core (cathode: platinum, anode: lead) and the cap with purified water or
deionized water. Dry all the components with tissue. Screw the cap back to the probe without adding any filling solution to prevent the anode from being
consumed. Put all the components back into the package.
Q4. How to make 0.5 mol/L NaOH solution?
A. You need to purchase the NaOH solution firstly, and add 1~2 drops glycerinum to the NaOH solution every 100mL. Only by adding the NaOH solution into
the probe can it be ready for use.
Q5. What problems would I usually meet ? How to solve it ?
A.
1. If the readings of zero dissolved oxygen liquid is not zero or close to zero, you can polish the cathode of the probe.
2. If the readings is not within normal range or the readings drifts, please check the membrane on the cap. If there are cracks, holes or contaminations
on the membrane, please change the cap.
For any questions, advice or cool ideas to share, please visit the DFRobot Forum (http://www.dfrobot.com/forum/).
More Documents
Schematic V1.0 (https://github.com/DFRobot/Gravity_Analog_Dissolved_Oxygen_Sensor/raw/master/Schematic%20V1.0.pdf)
Layout with Dimension (https://github.com/DFRobot/Gravity_Analog_Dissolved_Oxygen_Sensor/raw/master/Layout%20with%20Dimension%20V1.0.pdf)
Probe Dimension (https://github.com/DFRobot/Gravity_Analog_Dissolved_Oxygen_Sensor/raw/master/Probe%20Dimension.jpg)
SVG files (https://github.com/DFRobot/Gravity_Analog_Dissolved_Oxygen_Sensor/raw/master/SVG%20files.zip)
TP5551 Datasheet (https://github.com/DFRobot/Gravity_Analog_Dissolved_Oxygen_Sensor/raw/master/TP5551-5552-5554_REV1.1.pdf)
Github Repository (https://github.com/DFRobot/Gravity_Analog_Dissolved_Oxygen_Sensor)
(http://www.dfrobot.com/) Get Gravity: Analog Dissolved Oxygen Sensor (https://www.dfrobot.com/product-1628.html) from DFRobot Store or DFRobot
Distributor. (http://www.dfrobot.com/index.php?route=information/distributorslogo)
This page was last modified on 26 February 2018, at 15:21.

Content is available under GNU Free Documentation License 1.3 or later (https://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html) unless otherwise noted.
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PH meter(SKU: SEN0161)
Analog pH Meter Kit SKU: SEN0161
Analog pH Meter Kit SKU: SEN0169
Contents
1 Introduction
2 Specification
3 Precautions
4 pH Electrode Characteristics
5 Usage
5.1 Connecting Diagram
5.2 Method 1. Software Calibration
5.3 Method 2. Hardware Calibration through potentiometer
6 FAQ
Introduction
Need to measure water quality and other parameters but haven't got any low cost pH meter? Find
it difficult to use with Arduino? Here comes an analog pH meter, specially designed for Arduino
controllers and has built-in simple, convenient and practical connection and features. It has an
LED which works as the Power Indicator, a BNC connector and PH2.0 sensor interface. You can
just connect the pH sensor with BNC connector, and plug the PH2.0 interface into any analog input
on Arduino controller to read pH value easily.
Specification
SEN0161 dimension
Module Power: 5.00V

Circuit Board Size: 43mm×32mm
pH Measuring Range: 0-14
Measuring Temperature: 0-60
Response Time: ≤ 1min

pH Sensor with BNC Connector
PH2.0 Interface ( 3 foot patch )
Gain Adjustment Potentiometer
Power Indicator LED
Precautions
Before and after use of the pH electrode every time, you need to use (pure)water to
clean it. The electrode plug should be kept clean and dry in case of short circuit.
Preservation: Electrode reference preservation solution is the 3N KCL solution.
Measurement should be avoided staggered pollution between solutions, so as not to affect

the accuracy of measurement.
Electrode blub or sand core is defiled which will make PTS decline, slow response. So, it
should be based on the characteristics of the pollutant, adapted to the cleaning solution, the
electrode performance recovery.
Electrode when in use, the ceramic sand core and liquid outlet rubber ring should be removed, in
order to make salt bridge solution to maintain a certain velocity.
NOTE: Differences between the probes, SEN0161 and SEN0169
Their usages/ specifications are almost the same. The differences locates at
Long-firing Operation: SEN0169 supports, while SEN0161 NOT, i.e. you can
not immerse SEN0161 in water for Continuous Testing.
Life Span: In 25 , pure water, do Continuous Testing with them both, SEN0169 can work
two years, while SEN0161 can only last for 6 months. And just for reference, if put them
in turbid, strongly acid and alkali solution, 25 , the life span would drop to one year
(SEN0169), 1 month(or shorter, SEN0161).
Tempreture, pH, turbidity of the water effect the probe life span a lot.
Waterproof: You can immerse the whole probe SEN0169 into the water, while you can
only immerse the front part of the probe SEN0161, the electrode glass bulb, into water,
the rear part, from the white shell to the cable, MUST NOT be under water.
Strongly Acid and Alkali: SEN0169 are preferred for strongly acid and alkali test. And
if your testing range is usually within pH6~8, then SEN0161 is capable for that.
pH Electrode Characteristics
The output of pH electrode is Millivolts, and the pH value of the relationship is shown
as follows (25 ):
NOTE: It is normal that if your reading is much different with the table since you are not
reading from the electrode directly but from the voltage adapter, it has converted the
original voltage (-5V ~ +5V) to Arduino compatible voltage, i.e. 0 ~ 5V. See the
discussion on Forum.
Usage
Connecting Diagram
NOTE:
Before you insert the pH probe into one solution from another, or after you finish using
the sensor, you must wash the pH electrode with pure water everytime (distilled water is
the best)!
The closer power supply to +5.00V, the more accurate pH readings you could get.
You have to immerse the pH probe into stationary solution instead of the running one
to get relative stable pH readings.
How long should it be under the solution? It depends on the pH value, the closer
to neutral solution (pH = 7.00), the longer it will take. As we tested in water pH =
6.0, the blue one costs 6 minutes, and in standard Acid/ Alkali (4.00/ 10.00)
solutions, it only needs 10 seconds.
Method 1. Software Calibration
The software calibration is easier than the next part - Hardware Calibration
through the Potentiometer. Because it writes the calibration values into Arduino's
EEPROM, so you can calibrate once for all if you won't replace your Arduino. It
uses mathematical method that to draw a line using two points, i.e. using the Acid
standard solution, pH = 4.00 and alkaline pH = 10.00 or 9.18 to draw the linear
relation between the voltage and the pH value.
For NOTE 3. Arduino sample sketch "EEPROM Clear"
NOTE:
During the calibration (from step 4 to step 7), power outage should be avoided,
or you will have to start over from step 4.
Software Calibration has nothing to do with the potentiometer on the adapter.
Especially after you finished the calibration, you should never adjust the potentiometer,
or you should start over. Moreover, considering the mechanical vibration might interfere
the potentiometer value, you could seal it by Hot Melt Adhesive.
If you want to try Hardware Calibration, you'd better reset the EEPROM setting by
uploading the Arduino IDE sample sketch "EEPROM Clear" as shown as the right
hand picture.
Steps
1. Wiring the pH probe, pH meter adapter (the little PCB board) and
Arduino UNO as the Diagram section above.
2. Upload the sample code "Software Calibration" below to UNO.
3. Open Serial Monitor, choose command format as “Both NL & CR”and
115200.
4. Send “Calibration” to enter Calibration Mode, and you will see
“Enter Calibration Mode” directly.
5. Acid Calibration
1. Wash your pH probe with pure water (distilled water is best) and dryer it
in case of diluting the standard pH solution. Insert it into standard acid
solution of pH = 4.0. Wait several seconds till the readings get relative
stable.
2. Enter “acid:4.00”(no bland space, lower case), and you will get “Acid
Calibration Successful” notice. Then go on with Alkali Calibration.
6. Alkali Calibration
1. Take out the pH probe out of the acid solution, CLEAN it again as you
did in last step. After this, insert it into the standard alkali solution with
pH = 10 or 9.18. Waiting for the stable readings
2. Enter “alkali:10.00”, and you will see “Alkali Calibration Successful”.
7. Enter “exit” to finish calibration. You will see “Calibration

Successful,Exit Calibration Mode”.
8. Check if the pH meter was calibrated successfully with the solution pH

= 4.00, 9.18, 10.00, if the readings are within the error of 0.1. Congrats!
In Standard acid solution pH = 4.00
In Standard alkali solution pH = 10.00

Sample code: Software Calibration
/***************************************************
This example uses software solution to calibration the ph meter,
not the potentiometer. So it is more easy to use and calibrate.
This is for SEN0161 and SEN0169.
Created 2016-8-11
By youyou from DFrobot <youyou.yu@dfrobot.com>

****************************************************/
/***********Notice and Troubleshooting***************

1.Connection and Diagram can be found here http://www.dfrobot.co
m/wiki/index.php/PH_meter%28SKU:_SEN0161%29
2.This code is tested on Arduino Uno.
****************************************************
#include <EEPROM.h>
#define EEPROM_write(address, p) {int i = 0; byte *pp = (byte*)&(p
);for(; i < sizeof(p); i++) EEPROM.write(address+i, pp[i]);}
#define EEPROM_read(address, p) {int i = 0; byte *pp = (byte*)&(p
);for(; i < sizeof(p); i++) pp[i]=EEPROM.read(address+i);}
#define ReceivedBufferLength 20
char receivedBuffer[ReceivedBufferLength+1]; // store the serial
command
byte receivedBufferIndex = 0;
int analogBuffer[SCOUNT]; //store the sample voltage
int analogBufferIndex = 0;
#define SlopeValueAddress 0 // (slope of the ph probe)store at the

beginning of the EEPROM. The slope is a float number,occupies 4
bytes.
#define InterceptValueAddress (SlopeValueAddress+4)
float slopeValue, interceptValue, averageVoltage;
boolean enterCalibrationFlag = 0;
#define SensorPin A0
#define VREF 5000 //for arduino uno, the ADC reference is the pow
er(AVCC), that is 5000mV
void setup()
{
readCharacteristicValues(); //read the slope and intercept of
th e ph probe
}
void loop()
{
if(serialDataAvailable() > 0)
{
byte modeIndex = uartParse();
phCalibration(modeIndex); // If the correct calibration c
ommand is received, the calibration function should be called.
EEPROM_read(SlopeValueAddress, slopeValue); // After cal
ibration, the new slope and intercept should be read ,to update
cu rrent value.
EEPROM_read(InterceptValueAddress, interceptValue);
}
static unsigned long sampleTimepoint =
millis(); if(millis()-sampleTimepoint>40U) {
sampleTimepoint = millis();
analogBuffer[analogBufferIndex] = analogRead(SensorPin)/1024.
0*VREF; //read the voltage and store into the buffer,every 40ms
analogBufferIndex++;
averageVoltage = getMedianNum(analogBuffer,SCOUNT); // read
the stable value by the median filtering algorithm
}
static unsigned long printTimepoint =
millis(); if(millis()-printTimepoint>1000U) {
if(enterCalibrationFlag) // in calibration mode, print the

voltage to user, to watch the stability of voltage
{
Serial.print("Voltage:");
Serial.print(averageVoltage);
Serial.println("mV");
}else{
Serial.print("pH:") // in normal mode, print th
; e ph value to user
Serial.println(averageVoltage/1000.0*slopeValue+interceptValu
e);
}
}
}
boolean serialDataAvailable(void)
{
char receivedChar;
static unsigned long receivedTimeOut =
millis(); while (Serial.available()>0) {
if (millis() - receivedTimeOut > 1000U)

{
memset(receivedBuffer,0,(ReceivedBufferLength+1));
}
receivedTimeOut = millis();
receivedChar = Serial.read();
if (receivedChar == '\n' ||
receivedBufferIndex==ReceivedBuffe rLength){
strupr(receivedBuffer);
return true;
}
else{
receivedBuffer[receivedBufferIndex] =
receivedChar; receivedBufferIndex++;
}
}
return false;
}
byte uartParse()
{
byte modeIndex = 0;
if(strstr(receivedBuffer, "CALIBRATION") != NULL)
modeIndex = 1;
else if(strstr(receivedBuffer, "EXIT") != NULL)
modeIndex = 4;
else if(strstr(receivedBuffer, "ACID:") != NULL)
modeIndex = 2;
else if(strstr(receivedBuffer, "ALKALI:") != NULL)
modeIndex = 3;
return modeIndex;
}
void phCalibration(byte mode)

{
char *receivedBufferPtr;
static byte acidCalibrationFinish = 0,
alkaliCalibrationFinish = 0;
static float acidValue,alkaliValue;
static float acidVoltage,alkaliVoltage;
float
acidValueTemp,alkaliValueTemp,newSlopeValue,newIntercept Value;
switch(mode)
{
case 0:
Serial.println(F("Command Error"));
break;
case 1:
receivedBufferPtr=strstr(receivedBuffer,
"CALIBRATION"); enterCalibrationFlag = 1;
acidCalibrationFinish = 0;
Serial.println(F("Enter Calibration
Mode")); break;
case 2:
{
"ACID:"); receivedBufferPtr+=strlen("ACID:");
acidValueTemp = strtod(receivedBufferPtr,NULL);
if((acidValueTemp>3)&&(acidValueTemp<5)) //typica l ph
value of acid standand buffer solution should be 4.00
{
acidValue = acidValueTemp;
acidVoltage = averageVoltage/1000.0; // mV ->
V
acidCalibrationFinish = 1; Serial.println(F("Acid
Calibration Successful"));
}else {
acidCalibrationFinish = 0;
Serial.println(F("Acid Value Error"));
}
}
break;
case 3:
{
"ALKALI:"); receivedBufferPtr+=strlen("ALKALI:");
alkaliValueTemp = strtod(receivedBufferPtr,NULL);
if((alkaliValueTemp>8)&&(alkaliValueTemp<11)) //
typical ph value of alkali standand buffer solution should be 9.18
or 10.01
{
alkaliValue = alkaliValueTemp;
alkaliVoltage = averageVoltage/1000.0;
Serial.println(F("Alkali Calibration Successful")
);
}else{
Serial.println(F("Alkali Value Error"));
}
}
break;
case 4:
{
if(acidCalibrationFinish && alkaliCalibrationFinish)
{
newSlopeValue = (acidValue-
alkaliValue)/(acidVoltage - alkaliVoltage);
EEPROM_write(SlopeValueAddress, newSlopeValue);
newInterceptValue = acidValue - (slopeValue*acidVolt
age);
EEPROM_write(InterceptValueAddress, newInterceptValu
e);
Serial.print(F("Calibration Successful"));
}
else Serial.print(F("Calibration Failed"));

Serial.println(F(",Exit Calibration
Mode")); acidCalibrationFinish = 0;
}
break;
}
}

{
{
}
int i, j, bTemp;
{
{
{
bTemp = bTab[i];
}
}
}
else
bTemp = (bTab[iFilterLen / 2] + bTab[iFilterLen / 2 - 1]) /
2;
return bTemp;
}
void readCharacteristicValues()
{
EEPROM_read(SlopeValueAddress, slopeValue);
EEPROM_read(InterceptValueAddress, interceptValue);
if(EEPROM.read(SlopeValueAddress)==0xFF && EEPROM.read(SlopeVa
lueAddress+1)==0xFF && EEPROM.read(SlopeValueAddress+2)==0xFF && E
EPROM.read(SlopeValueAddress+3)==0xFF)
{
slopeValue = 3.5; // If the EEPROM is new, the recommendat
ory slope is 3.5.
EEPROM_write(SlopeValueAddress, slopeValue);
}
if(EEPROM.read(InterceptValueAddress)==0xFF && EEPROM.read(Int
erceptValueAddress+1)==0xFF && EEPROM.read(InterceptValueAddress+2 )==0xFF &&
EEPROM.read(InterceptValueAddress+3)==0xFF)
{
interceptValue = 0; // If the EEPROM is new, the recommenda
tory intercept is 0.
EEPROM_write(InterceptValueAddress, interceptValue);
}
}
Method 2. Hardware Calibration through potentiometer
If you've taken the Method 1. Software Calibration, you

can ignore this part.
1. Connect according to the graphic, that is, the pH electrode is

connected to the BNC connector on the pH meter board, and
then use the connection lines, the pH meter board is connected
to the analog port 0 of the Arduino controller. When the Arduino
controller gets power, you will see the blue LED on board is on.
2. Upload the sample code to the Arduino controller.
3. Put the pH electrode into the standard solution whose pH value
is 7.00, or directly short circuit the input of the BNC connector.
Open the serial monitor of the Arduino IDE, you can see the pH
value printed to it, and the error does not exceed 0.3. Record
the pH value printed, then compared with 7.00, and the
difference should be changed into the "Offset" in the sample
code. For example, the pH value printed is 6.88, so the
difference is 0.12. You should change the # define Offset 0.00
into # define Offset 0.12 in the sample code.
4. Fine adjustment
For Acid solution: Put the pH electrode into the pH standard
solution whose value is 4.00. Then wait about a minute, adjust
the Gain Potential device, let the value stabilise at around
4.00. At this time, the acidic calibration has been completed
and you can measure the pH value of an acidic solution.
For Alkaline solution: According to the linear characteristics
of pH electrode itself, after the above calibration, you can
directly measure the pH value of the alkaline solution, but if
you want to get a better accuracy, you can recalibrate it with
the standard solution, pH = 9.18. Also adjust the gain
potential device, let the value stabilise at around 9.18. After
this calibration, you can measure the pH value of the
alkaline solution.
Sample Code for Hardware Calibration
/*
# This sample code is used to test the pH meter V1.0.
# Editor : YouYou
# Ver : 1.0
# Product: analog pH meter
# SKU: SEN0161
*/
#define SensorPin A0 //pH meter Analog output to Arduin
o Analog Input 0
#define Offset 0.00 //deviation compensate
#define LED 13
#define samplingInterval 20
#define printInterval 800
#define ArrayLenth 40 //times of collection
int pHArray[ArrayLenth]; //Store the average value of the sensor

feedback
int pHArrayIndex=0;
void setup(void)
{
pinMode(LED,OUTPUT);
Serial.begin(9600);
Serial.println("pH meter experiment!"); //Test the serial mon
itor
}
void loop(void)
{
static unsigned long samplingTime =
millis(); static unsigned long printTime =
millis(); static float pHValue,voltage;
if(millis()-samplingTime > samplingInterval)
{
pHArray[pHArrayIndex++]=analogRead(SensorPin)
; if(pHArrayIndex==ArrayLenth)pHArrayIndex=0;
voltage = avergearray(pHArray,
ArrayLenth)*5.0/1024; pHValue = 3.5*voltage+Offset;
samplingTime=millis();
}
if(millis() - printTime > printInterval) //Every 800 milliseco
nds, print a numerical, convert the state of the LED indicator
{
Serial.print("Voltage:");
Serial.print(voltage,2);
Serial.print(" pH value: ");
Serial.println(pHValue,2);
digitalWrite(LED,digitalRead(LED)^1);
printTime=millis();
}
}
double avergearray(int* arr, int
number){ int i;
int max,min;
double avg;
long amount=0;
if(number<=0){
Serial.println("Error number for the array to
avraging!/n"); return 0;
}
if(number<5){ //less than 5, calculated directly
statistics for(i=0;i<number;i++){
amount+=arr[i];
}
avg = amount/number;
return avg;
}else{
if(arr[0]<arr[1]){
min = arr[0];max=arr[1];
}
else{
min=arr[1];max=arr[0];
}
for(i=2;i<number;i++){
if(arr[i]<min){
amount+=min; //arr<min
min=arr[i];
}else {
if(arr[i]>max){
amount+=max; //arr>max
max=arr[i];
}else{
amount+=arr[i]; //min<=arr<=max
}
}//if
}//for
avg = (double)amount/(number-2);
}//if
return avg;
}
FAQ
Q1. My PH sensor readings are not correct, what did I miss?
Or the module is defective?
A. 1. Check if the pH sensor circuit board is good? Read on the Forum. or on wiki for the
steps. During the transport, there might be crash causing the probe head cracked,
please check if the probe is good or not.
2. If you don't use Arduino as the controller, then please check your ADC module that
whether it converts the 5V analog input to 1024, if it is 4096(or other byte), please re-
determine the equation in the code.
Q2. Big fluctuations in ph meter readings. When I make measurements in a glass, I have
correct, stable reading. But when I put it inside the aquarium with the pumping system
working, the easurement varies even more than a degree, and it's not stable, if I swicth off the
pump the given value doesn´t oscilate anymore.
A. There should be NO working electrical device in the container. Any tiny leakage of
electricity will cause the probe working error. Especially, many people bought the EC meter
and put it into the same tank for the test, but then the pH meter cannot work well anymore.
Please seperate them into different containers, or turning off the EC meter when using the
pH meter.
Q3. May I know the Maximum range different if we do not calibrate the pH meter.
A. The maximum range differs from probe, you have to calibrate it before use if the
pH probe was kept long.
Q4. I would just like to ask if your pH sensor can be connect to any micro controller aside
from arduino. Would it be compatible with a raspberry pi? Thank You!
A. Yes, it can be used on any device as long as it could give 5V power supply and accept 5V
analog signal, but as the Rasp pi is only compatible with 3.3V sensor, so an expansion shield
is suggested to use with (please make sure which kind of Pi you use)
For any questions and more cool ideas to share, please visit DFRobot Forum
Powered By DFRobot © 2008-2017

Gravity: Analog TDS Sensor / Meter For Arduino
SKU: SEN0244
TDS (Total Dissolved Solids) indicates that how many milligrams of soluble solids dissolved in one
liter of water. In general, the higher the TDS value, the more soluble solids dissolved in water, and
the less clean the water is. Therefore, the TDS value can be used as one of the references for
reflecting the cleanliness of water.
TDS pen is a widely used equipment to measure TDS value. The price is affordable, and it is easy
to use, but it is not able to transmit data to the control system for online monitoring to do some
water quality analysis. The professional instrument has high accuracy and can send data to the
control system, but the price is expensive for the ordinary people. To this end, we have launched an
analog TDS sensor kit which is compatible with Arduino, plug and play, easy to use. Matching with
Arduino controller, you can build a TDS detector easily to measure the TDS value of liquid.
This product supports 3.3 ~ 5.5V wide voltage input, and 0 ~ 2.3V analog voltage output,
which makes it compatible with 5V or 3.3V control system or board. The excitation source is
AC signal, which can effectively prevent the probe from polarization and prolong the life of the
probe, meanwhile, increase the stability of the output signal. The TDS probe is waterproof, it
can be immersed in water for long time measurement.
This product can be used in water quality application, such as domestic water, hydroponics. With
this product, you can easily DIY a TDS detector to reflect the cleanliness of water to protect your
health.
Attention:
1.The probe can not be used in water above 55 degrees centigrade.

2.The probe can not be left too close to the edge of the container, otherwise it will affect the
reading.
3.The head and the cable of the probe are waterproof, but the connector and the
signal Specificationtransmitterboardare not waterproof. Please be careful.

Signal Transmitter Board
Input Voltage: 3.3 ~ 5.5V
Output Voltage: 0 ~ 2.3V
Working Current: 3 ~ 6mA
TDS Measurement Range: 0 ~ 1000ppm
TDS Measurement Accuracy: ± 10% F.S. (25 )
Module Size: 42 * 32mm
Module Interface: PH2.0-3P
Electrode Interface: XH2.54-2P
TDS probe Number
of Needle: 2 Total
Length: 83cm
BoardColur:Black Overview
Connection Interface: XH2.54-2P
Other: Waterproof Probe
Analog TDS Sensor / Meter For Arduino

Num Label Description
1 - Power GND(0V)
2 + Power VCC(3.3 ~ 5.5V)
Tutorial
3 A Analog Signal Output(0 ~ 2.3V)
4 TDS TDS Probe Connector
5 LED Power Indicator
This tutorial will show you how to measure the TDS value of the water. Please read this
tutorial carefully, and pay attention to the steps and details.
The probe can not to be used in water above 55 degrees centigrade.
The probe can not be too close to the edge of the container, otherwise it will affect
the reading.
The head and the cable of the probe are waterproof, but the connector and the signal transmitter
board are not waterproof.Please pay attention to use.
Requirements
Hardware
DFRduino UNO R3 (or similar) x 1
Analog TDS Sensor / Meter Module x 1
TDS Probe x1
Jumper Wires x3
tested liquid x1
Software
Arduino IDE (Version requirements: V1.0.x or V1.8.x), Click to Download Arduino IDE from
ConnectionArduio®htps://wwwDiagram.arduino.cc/en/Main/Software%7C
Sample Code
/***************************************************
DFRobot Gravity: Analog TDS Sensor / Meter For Arduino
<https://www.dfrobot.com/wiki/index.php/Gravity:_Analog_TDS_Sensor_/_Mete
r_For_Arduino_SKU:_SEN0244>
Created 2017-8-22
By Jason <jason.ling@dfrobot.com@dfrobot.com>

/***********Notice and Trouble shooting***************

1. This code is tested on Arduino Uno and Leonardo with Arduino IDE
1.0.5 r2 and 1.8.2.
2. More details, please click this link: <https://www.dfrobot.com/wiki/in
dex.php/Gravity:_Analog_TDS_Sensor_/_Meter_For_Arduino_SKU:_SEN0244>
****************************************************/
#define TdsSensorPin A1
#define VREF 5.0 // analog reference voltage(Volt) of the ADC
int analogBuffer[SCOUNT]; // store the analog value in the array, read

from ADC
int analogBufferTemp[SCOUNT];
int analogBufferIndex = 0,copyIndex = 0;
float averageVoltage = 0,tdsValue = 0,temperature = 25;
void setup()
{
pinMode(TdsSensorPin,INPUT);
}
void loop()
{
static unsigned long analogSampleTimepoint = millis();
if(millis()-analogSampleTimepoint > //every 40 milliseconds,re

40U) ad the analog value from the ADC
{
analogSampleTimepoint = millis();
analogBuffer[analogBufferIndex] = analogRead(TdsSensorPin); //read
the analog value and store into the

buffer analogBufferIndex++;
}
static unsigned long printTimepoint =
millis(); if(millis()-printTimepoint > 800U) {
for(copyIndex=0;copyIndex<SCOUNT;copyIndex++
)
analogBufferTemp[copyIndex]= analogBuffer[copyIndex]; averageVoltage
= getMedianNum(analogBufferTemp,SCOUNT) * (float)VREF
/ 1024.0; // read the analog value more stable by the median filtering
alg orithm, and convert to voltage value
float compensationCoefficient=1.0+0.02*(temperature-25.0); //temp
erature compensation formula: fFinalResult(25^C) = fFinalResult(current)/(
1.0+0.02*(fTP-25.0));
float
compensationVolatge=averageVoltage/compensationCoefficient; / /temperature
compensation
tdsValue=(133.42*compensationVolatge*compensationVolatge*compensati
o nVolatge - 255.86*compensationVolatge*compensationVolatge +
857.39*compens ationVolatge)*0.5; //convert voltage value to tds value
//Serial.print("voltage:");
//Serial.print(averageVoltage,2);
//Serial.print("V ");
Serial.print("TDS Value:");
Serial.print(tdsValue,0);
Serial.println("ppm");
}
}
{
int i, j, bTemp;
{
{
{
bTemp = bTab[i];
}
}
}
else
bTemp = (bTab[iFilterLen / 2] + bTab[iFilterLen / 2 - 1]) / 2;
return bTemp;
}
Expected Results
After uploading the sample code,open the serial monitor of the Arduino IDE. Then insert the TDS
probe into the water, and gently stir it. Waiting for the reading to be stable, and you will get the
TDS value of the water.
FAQ
Q1. Does this sensor have a temperature sensor? How to make the temperature compensation?
A. This TDS probe has no temperature sensor, but the temperature compensation
algorithm is reserved in the sample code. The temperature variable in the sample code
will default to 25 °C without a temperature sensor. You can add a waterproof temperature
sensor to read the temperature,then update the temperature variable, to make automatic
temperature compensation.
For any questions, advice or cool ideas to share, please visit the DFRobot Forum.
https://www.dfrobot.com/wiki/index.php/Gravity:_Analog_TDS_Sensor_/_Meter_For_Arduino_SKU:_SEN0244 12‐8‐17
Arduino Nano V3.0 CH340 improved version
Atmega328P USB to TTL with USB cable
Description:
Arduino Nano is an open source code base with ultra-small simple I / O platform, compared with the previous version
of USB Arduino Diecimila. It is ideal for prototyping using crimp development boards, for all contacts displayed on the
two lines at the edges of the board, spacing 2.54mm, distance 15mm rulers. The size of the Arduino Nano accounts
for a large advantage that can be used to develop the required run independently, and has interactive effects of
electronic equipment; can also be used to develop a connected computer, interactive work with Flash, Processing,
Max / Msp, PD, VVVV done in collaboration with other software .
Technical Parameters:
-CH340G Replaces FT232RL (improve download speed and stability of WIN7 / WIN8)
-8 Analog input ports: A0 ~ A7
-14 Digital input / output ports: TX, RX, D2 ~ D13
-6 PWM ports: D3, D5, D6, D9, D10, D11
-1 Pair of TTL level serial transceiver ports RX /
TX -Using Atmel Atmega328P-AU MCU -DC
Current per I/O pin: 40Ma
-Flash Memory: 32KB (ATmega328) (of which 2KB used by bootloader)
-SRAM: 2KB (ATmega328)
-EEPROM: 1KB (ATmega328)
-Clock Speed: 16MHz
-There is bootloader installed in it
-Support USB download and Power
-Support for external 5V ~ 12V DC power supply
-Support power supply by 9V battery
-Support ISP download
-Dimensions: 0.73”x1.7”, 45(L)x18(W)mm
Electronics Katrangi Trading
www.ekt2.com
Labeling:
Application:
Made in China
Electronics Katrangi Trading
www.ekt2.com
Arduino Mega 2560 Datasheet
Overview
The Arduino Mega 2560 is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega2560 (datasheet).
It has 54 digital input/output pins (of which 14 can be used as PWM outputs), 16 analog
inputs, 4 UARTs (hardware serial ports), a 16 MHz crystal oscillator, a USB connection, a
power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button. It contains everything needed to support
the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with a USB cable or power it with a AC-
to- DC adapter or battery to get started. The Mega is compatible with most shields designed
for the Arduino Duemilanove or Diecimila.
Schematic & Reference Design

EAGLE files: arduino-mega2560-reference-design.zip
Schematic: arduino-mega2560-schematic.pdf
Summary
Microcontroller ATmega2560
Operating Voltage 5V
Input Voltage (recommended) 7-12V
Input Voltage (limits) 6-20V
Digital I/O Pins 54 (of which 14 provide PWM output)
Analog Input Pins 16
DC Current per I/O Pin 40 mA
DC Current for 3.3V Pin 50 mA
Flash Memory 256 KB of which 8 KB used by bootloader
SRAM 8 KB
EEPROM 4 KB
Clock Speed 16 MHz
Power
The Arduino Mega can be powered via the USB connection or with an external power supply.
The power source is selected automatically.
External (non-USB) power can come either from an AC-to-DC adapter (wall- wart) or
battery. The adapter can be connected by plugging a 2.1mm center- positive plug into
the board's power jack. Leads from a battery can be inserted in the Gnd and Vin pin
headers of the POWER connector.
The board can operate on an external supply of 6 to 20 volts. If supplied with less than
7V, however, the 5V pin may supply less than five volts and the board may be unstable.
If using more than 12V, the voltage regulator may overheat and damage the board.
The recommended range is 7 to 12 volts.
The Mega2560 differs from all preceding boards in that it does not use the FTDI USB-
to-serial driver chip. Instead, it features the Atmega8U2 programmed as a USB-to-
serial converter.
The power pins are as follows:
● VIN. The input voltage to the Arduino board when it's using an external power source
(as opposed to 5 volts from the USB connection or other regulated power source).
You can supply voltage through this pin, or, if supplying voltage via the power jack,
access it through this pin.
● 5V. The regulated power supply used to power the microcontroller and
other components on the board. This can come either from VIN via an on-
board regulator, or be supplied by USB or another regulated 5V supply.
● 3V3. A 3.3 volt supply generated by the on-board regulator. Maximum current draw is
50 mA.
● GND. Ground pins.
Memory
The ATmega2560 has 256 KB of flash memory for storing code (of which 8 KB is used
for the bootloader), 8 KB of SRAM and 4 KB of EEPROM (which can be read and written
with the EEPROM library).
Input and Output

Each of the 54 digital pins on the Mega can be used as an input or output, using pinMode()
, digitalWrite(), and digitalRead() functions. They operate at 5 volts. Each pin can provide
or receive a maximum of 40 mA and has an internal pull-up resistor (disconnected by
default) of 20-50 kOhms. In addition, some pins have specialized functions:
● Serial: 0 (RX) and 1 (TX); Serial 1: 19 (RX) and 18 (TX); Serial 2: 17 (RX)
and 16 (TX); Serial 3: 15 (RX) and 14 (TX). Used to receive (RX) and transmit
(TX) TTL serial data. Pins 0 and 1 are also connected to the corresponding pins of
the ATmega8U2 USB-to-TTL Serial chip.
● External Interrupts: 2 (interrupt 0), 3 (interrupt 1), 18 (interrupt 5),
19 (interrupt 4), 20 (interrupt 3), and 21 (interrupt 2). These pins can be
configured to trigger an interrupt on a low value, a rising or falling edge, or a
change in value. See the attachInterrupt() function for details.
● PWM: 0 to 13. Provide 8-bit PWM output with the analogWrite() function.
● SPI: 50 (MISO), 51 (MOSI), 52 (SCK), 53 (SS). These pins support SPI
communication using the SPI library. The SPI pins are also broken out on the ICSP
header, which is physically compatible with the Uno, Duemilanove and Diecimila.
● LED: 13. There is a built-in LED connected to digital pin 13. When the pin is HIGH
value, the LED is on, when the pin is LOW, it's off.
● I2C: 20 (SDA) and 21 (SCL). Support I2C (TWI) communication using the Wire
library (documentation on the Wiring website). Note that these pins are not in the
same location as the I2C pins on the Duemilanove or Diecimila.
The Mega2560 has 16 analog inputs, each of which provide 10 bits of resolution (i.e. 1024
different values). By default they measure from ground to 5 volts, though is it possible to
change the upper end of their range using the AREF pin and analogReference() function.
There are a couple of other pins on the board:
● AREF. Reference voltage for the analog inputs. Used with analogReference().
● Reset. Bring this line LOW to reset the microcontroller. Typically used to add
a reset button to shields which block the one on the board.
Communication
The Arduino Mega2560 has a number of facilities for communicating with a computer,
another Arduino, or other microcontrollers. The ATmega2560 provides four hardware
UARTs for TTL (5V) serial communication. An ATmega8U2 on the board channels one of
these over USB and provides a virtual com port to software on the computer (Windows
machines will need a .inf file, but OSX and Linux machines will recognize the board as a
COM port automatically. The Arduino software includes a serial monitor which allows simple
textual data to be sent to and from the board. The RX and TX LEDs on the board will flash
when data is being transmitted via the ATmega8U2 chip and USB connection to the
computer (but not for serial communication on pins 0 and 1).
A SoftwareSerial library allows for serial communication on any of the Mega2560's
digital pins.
The ATmega2560 also supports I2C (TWI) and SPI communication. The Arduino software
includes a Wire library to simplify use of the I2C bus; see the documentation on the
Wiring website for details. For SPI communication, use the SPI library.
Programming
The Arduino Mega can be programmed with the Arduino software (download).
For details, see the reference and tutorials.
The ATmega2560 on the Arduino Mega comes preburned with a bootloader that allows you
to upload new code to it without the use of an external hardware programmer. It
communicates using the original STK500 protocol (reference, C header files).
You can also bypass the bootloader and program the microcontroller through the ICSP
(In-Circuit Serial Programming) header; see these instructions for details.
Automatic (Software) Reset

Rather then requiring a physical press of the reset button before an upload, the Arduino
Mega2560 is designed in a way that allows it to be reset by software running on a connected
computer. One of the hardware flow control lines (DTR) of the ATmega8U2 is connected to the
reset line of the ATmega2560 via a 100 nanofarad capacitor. When this line is asserted (taken
low), the reset line drops long enough to reset the chip. The Arduino software uses this
capability to allow you to upload code by simply pressing the upload button in the Arduino
environment. This means that the bootloader can have a shorter timeout, as the lowering of
DTR can be well-coordinated with the start of the upload.
This setup has other implications. When the Mega2560 is connected to either a computer
running Mac OS X or Linux, it resets each time a connection is made to it from software (via
USB). For the following half-second or so, the bootloader is running on the Mega2560. While it
is programmed to ignore malformed data (i.e. anything besides an upload of new code), it will
intercept the first few bytes of data sent to the board after a connection is opened.
If a sketch running on the board receives one -time configuration or other data when it
first starts, make sure that the software with which it communicates waits a second
after opening the connection and before sending this data.
The Mega2560 contains a trace that can be cut to disable the auto-reset. The pads on
either side of the trace can be soldered together to re-enable it. It's labeled "RESET-EN".
You may also be able to disable the auto-reset by connecting a 110 ohm resistor from 5V to
the reset line; see this forum thread for details.
USB Overcurrent Protection

The Arduino Mega2560 has a resettable polyfuse that protects your computer's USB ports
from shorts and overcurrent. Although most computers provide their own internal
protection, the fuse provides an extra layer of protection. If more than 500 mA is applied
to the USB port, the fuse will automatically break the connection until the short or overload
is removed.
Physical Characteristics and

Shield Compatibility
The maximum length and width of the Mega2560 PCB are 4 and 2.1 inches respectively,
with the USB connector and power jack extending beyond the former dimension. Three
screw holes allow the board to be attached to a surface or case. Note that the distance
between digital pins 7 and 8 is 160 mil (0.16"), not an even multiple of the 100 mil
spacing of the other pins.
The Mega2560 is designed to be compatible with most shields designed for the Uno, Diecimila or
Duemilanove. Digital pins 0 to 13 (and the adjacent AREF and GND pins), analog inputs 0 to 5,
the power header, and ICSP header are all in equivalent locations. Further the main UART (serial
port) is located on the same pins (0 and 1), as are external interrupts 0 and 1 (pins 2 and 3
respectively). SPI is available through the ICSP header on both the Mega2560 and
Duemilanove / Diecimila. Please note that I 2C is not located on the same pins on the Mega (20
and 21) as the Duemilanove / Diecimila (analog inputs 4 and 5).
CP2102
SINGLE-CHIP USB TO UART BRIDGE
Single-Chip USB to UART Data Transfer Virtual COM Port Device Drivers
- Integrated USB transceiver; no - Works with Existing COM Port PC Applications
external resistors required - Royalty-Free Distribution License
- Integrated clock; no external crystal required - Windows Vista/XP/Server 2003/2000
- Integrated 1024-Byte EEPROM for vendor ID, - Mac OS-X/OS-9
product ID, serial number, power descriptor, - Linux
release number, and product description strings
- On-chip power-on reset circuit USBXpress™ Direct Driver Support
- On-chip voltage regulator: 3.3 V output - Royalty-Free Distribution License
- 100% pin and software compatible with CP2101 - Windows Vista/XP/Server 2003/2000
- Windows CE
USB Function Controller
- USB Specification 2.0 compliant; full-speed (12 Mbps) Example Applications
- USB suspend states supported via SUSPEND pins - Upgrade of RS-232 legacy devices to USB
- Cellular phone USB interface cable
Asynchronous Serial Data BUS (UART) - PDA USB interface cable
- All handshaking and modem interface signals - USB to RS-232 serial adapter
- Data formats supported:
- Data bits: 5, 6, 7, and 8 Supply Voltage
- Stop bits: 1, 1.5, and 2 - Self-powered: 3.0 to 3.6 V
- Parity: odd, even, mark, space, no parity - USB bus powered: 4.0 to 5.25 V
- Baud rates: 300 bps to 1 Mbits
- 576 Byte receive buffer; 640 byte transmit buffer Package
- Hardware or X-On/X-Off handshaking supported - Pb-free 28-pin QFN (5x5 mm)
- Event character support
- Line break transmission Ordering Part Number
- CP2102-GM
Temperature Range: –40 to +85 °C
VDD
CP2102
7 Voltage
REGIN IN RST 9 (to external circuitry
Regulator
OUT 12
SUSPEND for USB suspend
6 VDD 3.3 V SUSPEND 11 states)
3 GND 2
RI
8 48 MHz DCD 1 External RS- 232
VBUS Oscillator
USB DTR 28 transceiver or
CONNECTOR
27 UART circuitry
1 DSR
VBUS 26
2 5 USB USB Function UART
D- D- TXD
3 4 D+ Transceiver Controller RXD 25
D+
GND 4
1024B 640B 576B RTS 24
D1 D2 D3
TX RX
6
5
23
EEPROM Buffer Buffer CTS
Figure 1. Example System Diagram
Rev. 1.4 8/10 Copyright © 2010 by Silicon Laboratories CP2102

CP2102
2 Rev. 1.4
CP2102
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section Page
1. System Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
2. Electrical Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
3. Pinout and Package Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
4. USB Function Controller and Transceiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
5. Asynchronous Serial Data Bus (UART) Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
6. Internal EEPROM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
7. CP2102 Device Drivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
7.1. Virtual COM Port Drivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 7.2.
USBXpress Drivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 7.3.
Driver Customization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 7.4.
Driver Certification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 8.
Voltage Regulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14 9.
Relevant Application Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
Document Change List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17
Contact Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
Rev. 1.4 3
CP2102
1. System Overview
The CP2102 is a highly-integrated USB-to-UART Bridge Controller providing a simple solution for updating RS-232
designs to USB using a minimum of components and PCB space. The CP2102 includes a USB 2.0 full-speed function
controller, USB transceiver, oscillator, EEPROM, and asynchronous serial data bus (UART) with full modem control
signals in a compact 5 x 5 mm QFN-28 package. No other external USB components are required.
The on-chip EEPROM may be used to customize the USB Vendor ID, Product ID, Product Description String,
Power Descriptor, Device Release Number, and Device Serial Number as desired for OEM applications. The
EEPROM is programmed on-board via the USB, allowing the programming step to be easily integrated into the
product manufacturing and testing process.
Royalty -free Virtual COM Port (VCP) device drivers provided by Silicon Laboratories allow a CP2102-based
product to appear as a COM port to PC applications. The CP2102 UART interface implements all RS-232 signals,
including control and handshaking signals, so existing system firmware does not need to be modified. In many
existing RS-232 designs, all that is required to update the design from RS-232 to USB is to replace the RS-232
level-translator with the CP2102. Direct access driver support is available through the Silicon Laboratories
USBXpress driver set.
An evaluation kit for the CP2102 (Part Number: CP2102EK) is available. It includes a CP2102-based USB-to-
UART/RS-232 evaluation board, a complete set of VCP device drivers, USB and RS-232 cables, and full
documentation. Contact a Silicon Labs sales representatives or go to www.silabs.com to order the CP2102
Evaluation Kit.
4 Rev. 1.4
CP2102
2. Electrical Specifications
Table 1. Absolute Maximum Ratings

Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Units
Ambient Temperature under Bias –55 — 125 °C

Storage Temperature –65 — 150 °C
Voltage on any I/O Pin or RST with respect to GND –0.3 — 5.8 V
Voltage on VDD with respect to GND –0.3 — 4.2 V
Maximum Total Current through VDD and GND — — 500 mA
Maximum Output Current sunk by RST or any I/O pin — — 100 mA
Note: Stresses above those listed may cause permanent device damage. This is a stress rating only, and functional
operation of the devices at or exceeding the conditions in the operation listings of this specification is not
implied. Exposure to maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
Table 2. Global DC Electrical Characteristics

VDD = 3.0 to 3.6 V, –40 to +85 °C unless otherwise specified
Supply Voltage 3.0 3.3 3.6 V

1
Supply Current Normal Operation; — 20 26 mA
1 VREG Enabled
Supply Current
Suspended: — 80 100 µA
VREG Enabled
2 — 200 228 µA
Supply Current - USB Pull-up
Specified Operating Temperature Range –40 — +85 °C
Notes:
1. USB Pull-up Current should be added for total supply current.
2. The USB Pull-up supply current values are calculated values based on USB specifications.
Table 3. UART and Suspend I/O DC Electrical Characteristics

VDD = 3.0 to 3.6 V, –40 to +85 °C unless otherwise specified
Parameters Conditions Min Typ Max UNITS
Output High Voltage IOH = –3 mA VDD – 0.7 — —

IOH = –10 µA VDD – 0.1 — — V
IOH = –10 mA — VDD – 0.8 —
Output Low Voltage IOL = 8.5 mA — — 0.6
IOL = 10 µA — — 0.1 V
IOL = 25 mA — 1.0 —
Input High Voltage 2.0 — — V
Input Low Voltage — — 0.8 V
Input Leakage Current — 25 50 µA
Rev. 1.4 5
CP2102
Table 4. Reset Electrical Characteristics

–40 to +85 °C unless otherwise specified
RST Input High Voltage 0.7 x VDD — — V

RST Input Low Voltage — — 0.25 x VDD V
Minimum RST Low Time to Gener- 15 — — µs
ate a System Reset
6 Rev. 1.4
CP2102
3. Pinout and Package Definitions
Table 5. CP2102 Pin Definitions

Name Pin # Type Description
V 6 Power In
DD 3.0–3.6 V Power Supply Voltage Input.
Power Out 3.3 V Voltage Regulator Output.
See "8. Voltage Regulator" on page 14.
GND 3 Ground
RST 9 D I/O Device Reset. Open-drain output of internal POR or VDD monitor. An
external source can initiate a system reset by driving this pin low for
at least 15 µs.
REGIN 7 Power In 5 V Regulator Input. This pin is the input to the on-chip voltage regu-
lator.
VBUS 8 D In VBUS Sense Input. This pin should be connected to the VBUS signal
of a USB network. A 5 V signal on this pin indicates a USB network
connection.
D+ 4 D I/O USB D+
D– 5 D I/O USB D–
TXD 26 D Out Asynchronous data output (UART Transmit)
RXD 25 D In Asynchronous data input (UART Receive)
CTS 23* D In Clear To Send control input (active low)
RTS 24* D Out Ready to Send control output (active low)
DSR 27* D in Data Set Ready control input (active low)
DTR 28* D Out Data Terminal Ready control output (active low)
DCD 1* D In Data Carrier Detect control input (active low)
RI 2* D In Ring Indicator control input (active low)
SUSPEND 12* D Out This pin is driven high when the CP2102 enters the USB suspend
state.
SUSPEND 11* D Out This pin is driven low when the CP2102 enters the USB suspend
state.
NC 10, 13–22 These pins should be left unconnected or tied to VDD.
*Note: Pins can be left unconnected when not used.
Rev. 1.4 7
CP2102
2 N
SR
XD
28 DTR
25RXD
RTSCTS
C
27
26
24
23
2
DCD 1
21 NC
RI 2
20 NC
GND 3
CP2102 19 NC
D+ 4
18 NC
D- 5 Top View
17 NC
VDD 6
16 NC
REGIN 7 GND
15 NC
8
10
12
13
1
11
4
NC
NC
VBUS
SUSPEND
RST
SUSPEND
NC
Figure 2. QFN-28 Pinout Diagram (Top View)
8 Rev. 1.4
CP2102
Figure 3. QFN-28 Package Drawing
Table 6. QFN-28 Package Dimensions

Dimension Min Typ Max Dimension Min Typ Max
A 0.80 0.90 1.00 L 0.35 0.55 0.65
A1 0.00 0. 02 0.05 L1 0.00 — 0.15
A3 0.25 REF aaa 0.15
b 0.18 0. 23 0.30 bbb 0.10
D 5.00BSC. ddd 0.05
D2 2.90 3. 15 3.35 eee 0.08
e 0.50BSC. Z 0.44
E 5.00BSC. Y 0.18
E2 2.90 3.15 3.35
Notes:
1. All dimensions shown are in millimeters (mm) unless otherwise noted.
2. Dimensioning and Tolerancing per ANSI Y14.5M-1994.
3. This drawing conforms to the JEDEC Solid State Outline MO-220, variation VHHD except for
custom features D2, E2, Z, Y, and L, which are toleranced per supplier designation.
4. Recommended card reflow profile is per the JEDEC/IPC J-STD-020 specification for Small
Body Components.
Rev. 1.4 9
CP2102
Figure 4. QFN-28 Recommended PCB Land Pattern
Table 7. QFN-28 PCB Land Pattern Dimensions
Dimension Min Max Dimension Min Max

C1 4. 80 X2 3.20 3.30
C2 4.80 Y1 0.85 0.95
E 0.50 Y2 3.20 3.30
X1 0.20 0.30
Notes:
General
1. All dimensions shown are in millimeters (mm) unless otherwise noted.
2. Dimensioning and Tolerancing is per the ANSI Y14.5M-1994 specification.
3. This Land Pattern Design is based on the IPC-7351 guidelines.
Solder Mask Design
4. All metal pads are to be non-solder mask defined (NSMD). Clearance between the solder
mask and the metal pad is to be 60 µm minimum, all the way around the pad.
Stencil Design
5. A stainless steel, laser-cut and electro-polished stencil with trapezoidal walls should be
used to assure good solder paste release.
6. The stencil thickness should be 0.125 mm (5 mils).
7. The ratio of stencil aperture to land pad size should be 1:1 for all perimeter pins.
8. A 3x3 array of 0.90 mm openings on a 1.1 mm pitch should be used for the center pad
to assure the proper paste volume (67% Paste Coverage).
Card Assembly
9. A No-Clean, Type-3 solder paste is recommended.
10. The recommended card reflow profile is per the JEDEC/IPC J-STD-020 specification for
Small Body Components.
10 Rev. 1.4
CP2102
4. USB Function Controller and Transceiver

The Universal Serial Bus function controller in the CP2102 is a USB 2.0 compliant full-speed device with
integrated transceiver and on -chip matching and pull- up resistors. The USB function controller manages all data
transfers between the USB and the UART as well as command requests generated by the USB host controller
and commands for controlling the function of the UART.
The USB Suspend and Resume signals are supported for power management of both the CP2102 device as well
as external circuitry. The CP2102 will enter Suspend mode when Suspend signaling is detected on t he bus. On
entering Suspend mode, the CP2102 asserts the SUSPEND and SUSPEND signals. SUSPEND and SUSPEND
are also asserted after a CP2102 reset until device configuration during USB Enumeration is complete.
The CP2102 exits the Suspend mode when any of the following occur: (1) Resume signaling is detected or
generated, (2) a USB Reset signal is detected, or (3) a device reset occurs. On exit of Suspend mode, the
SUSPEND and SUSPEND signals are de-asserted.
Both SUSPEND and SUSPEND temporarily float high during a CP2102 reset. If this behavior is undesirable, a
strong pulldown (10 k ) can be used to ensure SUSPEND remains low during reset. See Figure 5 for other
recommended options.
VDD Option 1
CP2102 4.7 k
R1
7 REGIN
C1 9
RST
1F (to external circuitry
12
SUSPEND for USB suspend
6 VDD SUSPEND 11 states)
C4 C2 R2
4.7 F 0.1 F 3 10 k
GND 2 Option 4
RI
Option 2
8 1
VBUS DCD External RS- 232
USB DTR 28 transceiver or
CONNECTOR
27 UART circuitry
DSR
VBUS 1 5 D- TXD 26
2
D-
4 D+ RXD 25
D+ 3
GND 4 RTS 24
D1 D2 D3
56 Option 3 CTS 23
Option 1: A 4.7 k pull-up resistor can be added to increase noise immunity.

Option 2: A 4.7 µF capacitor can be added if powering other devices from the on-chip regulator.
Option 3: Avalanche transient voltage suppression diodes should be added for ESD protection.
Option 3: Use Littlefuse p/n SP0503BAHT or equivalent.
Option 4: 10 k resistor to ground to hold SUSPEND low on initial power on or device reset.
Figure 5. Typical Connection Diagram
Rev. 1.4 11
CP2102
5. Asynchronous Serial Data Bus (UART) Interface
The CP2102 UART interface consists of the TX (transmit) and RX (receive) data signals as well as the RTS, CTS,
DSR, DTR, DCD, and RI control signals. The UART supports RTS/CTS, DSR/DTR, and X-On/X-Off handshaking.
The UART is programmable to support a variety of data formats and baud rates. If the Virtual COM Port drivers
are used, the data format and baud rate are set during COM port configuration on the PC. If the USBXpress
drivers are used, the CP2102 is configured through the USBXpress API. The data formats and baud rates
available are listed in Table 8.
Table 8. Data Formats and Baud Rates
Data Bits 5,6, 7, and 8

1
Stop Bits 1,1.5 , and 2
Parity Type None, Even, Odd, Mark, Space
Baud Rates2 300, 600, 1200, 1800, 2400, 4000, 4800, 7200, 9600, 14400, 16000, 19200, 28800,
38400, 51200, 56000, 57600, 64000, 76800, 115200, 128000, 153600, 230400, 250000,
3
256000, 460800, 500000, 576000, 921600
Notes:
1. 5-bit only.
2. Additional baud rates are supported. See “AN205”.
3. 7 or 8 data bits only.
6. Internal EEPROM
The CP2102 includes an internal EEPROM that may be used to customize the USB Vendor ID (VID), Product ID
(PID), Product Description String, Power Descriptor, Device Release Number and Device Serial Number as
desired for OEM applications. If the EEPROM is not programmed with OEM data, the default configuration data
shown in Table 9 is used.
While customization of the USB configuration data is optional, it is recommended to customize the VID/PID
combination. A unique VID/PID combination will prevent the driver from conflicting with any other USB driver. A
vendor ID can be obtained from http://www.usb.org/ or Silicon Laboratories can provide a free PID for the OEM
product that can be used with the Silicon Laboratories VID. It is also recommended to customize the serial
number if the OEM application is one in which it is possible for multiple CP2102-based devices to be connected to
the same PC.
The internal EEPROM is programmed via the USB. This allows the OEM's USB configuration data and serial
number to be written to the CP2102 on -board during the manufacturing and testing process. A stand-alone utility
for programming the internal EEPROM is available from Silicon Laboratories. A library of routines provided in the
®
form of a Windows DLL is also available. This library can be used to integrate the EEPROM programming step
into custom software used by the OEM to streamline testing and serial number management during
manufacturing. The EEPROM has a typical endurance of 100,000 write cycles with a data retention of 100 years.
USB descriptors can be locked to prevent future modification.
12 Rev. 1.4
CP2102
Table 9. Default USB Configuration Data

Name Value
Vendor ID 10C4h
Product ID EA60h
Power Descriptor (Attributes) 80h
Power Descriptor 32h
(Max. Power)
Release Number 0100h
Serial Number 0001 (63 characters maximum)
Product Description String “CP2102 USB to UART Bridge Controller” (126 characters maximum)
7. CP2102 Device Drivers

There are two sets of device drivers available for the CP2102 devices: the Virtual COM Port (VCP) drivers and the
USBXpress Direct Access drivers. Only one set of drivers is necessary to interface with the device. The latest
drivers are available at http://www.silabs.com/products/microcontroller/downloads.asp.
7.1. Virtual COM Port Drivers
The CP2102 Virtual COM Port (VCP) device drivers allow a CP2102-based device to appear to the PC's
application software as a COM port. Application software running on the PC accesses the CP2102-based device
as it would access a standard hardware COM port. However, actual data transfer between the PC and the
CP2102 device is performed over the USB interface. Therefore, existing COM port applications may be used to
transfer data via the USB to the CP2102- based device without modifying the application. See Application Note
“AN197: Serial Communications Guide for the CP210x” for Example Code for Interfacing to a CP2102 using the
Virtual COM drivers.
7.2. USBXpress Drivers
The Silicon Laboratories USBXpress drivers provide an alternate solution for interfacing with CP2102 devices. No
Serial Port protocol expertise is required. Instead, a simple, high-level application program interface (API) is used
to provide simpler CP201x connectivity and functionality. The USBXpress for CP210x Development Kit includes
Windows device drivers, Windows device driver installer and uninstallers, and a host interface function library
(host API) provided in the form of a Windows Dynamic Link Library (DLL). The USBXpress driver set is
recommended for new products that also include new PC software. The USBXpress interface is described in
Application Note “AN169: USBXpress Programmer's Guide.”
7.3. Driver Customization
In addition to customizing the device as described in Section 7, the drivers and the drivers installation package
can be also be customized. See Application Note “AN220: USB Driver Customization” for more information on
generating customized VCP and USBXpress drivers.
7.4. Driver Certification
The default drivers that are shipped with the CP2102 are Microsoft WHQL (Windows Hardware Quality Labs)
certified. The certification means that the drivers have been tested by Microsoft and their latest operating systems
(XP and Vista) will allow the drivers to be installed without any warnings or errors.
The customized drivers that are generated using the AN220 software are not automatically certified. They must go
first through the Microsoft Driver Reseller Submission process. Contact Silicon Laboratories support for
assistance with this process.
Rev. 1.4 13
CP2102
8. Voltage Regulator
The CP2102 includes an on- chip 5 to 3 V voltage regulator. This allows the CP2102 to be configured as either a
USB bus-powered device or a USB self-powered device. These configurations are shown in Figure 6 and Figure
7. When enabled, the 3 V voltage regulator output appears on the VDD pin and can be used to power external 3
V devices. See Table 10 for the voltage regulator electrical characteristics.
Alternatively, if 3 V power is supplied to the VDD pin, the CP2102 can function as a USB self-powered device with
the voltage regulator disabled. For this configuration, it is recommended that the REGIN input be tied to the 3 V
net to disable the voltage regulator. This configuration is shown in Figure 8.
The USB max power and power attributes descriptor must match the device power usage and configuration. See
application note “AN144: CP210x Customization Guide” for information on how to customize USB descriptors for
the CP2102.
Note: It is recommended that additional decoupling capacitance (e.g., 0.1 µF in parallel with 1.0 µF) be provided on the
REGIN input.
Table 10. Voltage Regulator Electrical Specifications

–40 to +85 °C unless otherwise specified.

Input Voltage Range 4.0 — 5.25 V
Output Voltage Output Current = 1 to 100 mA* 3.0 3.3 3.6 V
VBUS Detection Input Threshold 1.0 1.8 2.9 V
Bias Current — 90 — µA
*Note: The maximum regulator supply current is 100 mA.
CP2102
VBUS
From VBUS VBUS Sense
REGIN 5 V In Voltage Regulator (REG0)
3 V Out
To 3 V VDD Device
Power Net Power Net
Figure 6. Configuration 1: USB Bus-Powered
14 Rev. 1.4
CP2102
CP2102
From VBUS VBUS
VBUS Sense
From 5 V REGIN 5 V In Voltage Regulator (REG0)
Power Net
3 V Out
To 3V VDD Device
Power Net Power Net
Figure 7. Configuration 2: USB Self-Powered
CP2102
From VBUS VBUS
VBUS Sense
REGIN 5 V In Voltage Regulator (REG0)
3 V Out
From 3 V VDD Device
Power Net Power Net
Figure 8. Configuration 3: USB Self-Powered, Regulator Bypassed
Rev. 1.4 15
CP2102
9. Relevant Application Notes
The following Application Notes are applicable to the CP2102. The latest versions of these application notes and
their accompanying software are available at:
http://www.silabs.com/products/microcontroller/applications.asp.
AN144: CP210x Device Customization Guide. This application note describes how to use the AN144 software
to configure the USB parameters on the CP2102 devices.
AN169: USBXpress Programmer's Guide. This application note describes the USBXpress API interface and
includes example code.
AN197: Serial Communications Guide for the CP210x. This application note describes how to use the
standard Windows COM port function to communicate with the CP2102 and includes example code.
AN205: CP210x Baud Rate Support. This application note describes how to use the AN205 software to
configure the Baud Rate aliasing feature on the CP2102 devices.
AN220: USB Driver Customization. This application note describes how to use the AN220 software to
customize the VCP or USBXpress drivers with OEM information.
16 Rev. 1.4
CP2102
DOCUMENT CHANGE LIST

Revision 1.0 to Revision 1.1
 Updated “Linux 2.40” bullet on page 1.

Changed MLP to QFN throughout.
Added additional supported operating systems on
page 1.
Changed VDD conditions of Tables 2 and 3 from
a minimum of 2.7 to 3.0 V.
Updated typical and max Supply Current number in
Table 2.
Removed tantalum requirement in Figure 5.
Consolidated Sections 8 and 9.

Added Section "9. Relevant Application Notes"
 on page 16.

Updated Figure 1 on page 1.
Updated Figure 5 on page 11.
Updated Maximum VBUS Detection Input
 Threshold in Table 10 on page 14.

Updated Table 4 RST Input Low Voltage 

Updated Table 6, Note 4.
Updated Table 7, Note 10.










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Rev. 1.4 17
CP2102
CONTACT INFORMATION
Silicon Laboratories Inc.
400 West Cesar Chavez
Austin, TX 78701
Tel: 1+(512) 416-8500
Fax: 1+(512) 416-9669
Toll Free: 1+(877) 444-3032
Please visit the Silicon Labs Technical Support web page:
https://www.silabs.com/support/pages/contacttechnicalsupport.aspx
and register to submit a technical support request.
The information in this document is believed to be accurate in all respects at the time of publication but is subject to change without notice. Silicon
Laboratories assumes no responsibility for errors and omissions, and disclaims responsibility for any consequences resulting from the use of
information included herein. Additionally, Silicon Laboratories assumes no responsibility for the functioning of undescribed fea-tures or parameters.
Silicon Laboratories reserves the right to make changes without further notice. Silicon Laboratories makes no warranty, representation or
guarantee regarding the suitability of its products for any particular purpose, nor does Silicon Laboratories assume any liability arising out of the
application or use of any product or circuit, and specifically disclaims any and all liability, including without limitation consequential or incidental
damages. Silicon Laboratories products are not designed, intended, or authorized for use in applications intend-ed to support or sustain life, or for
any other application in which the failure of the Silicon Laboratories product could create a situation where personal injury or death may occur.
Should Buyer purchase or use Silicon Laboratories products for any such unintended or unauthorized application, Buyer shall indemnify and hold
Silicon Laboratories harmless against all claims and damages.
Silicon Laboratories, Silicon Labs, and USBXpress are trademarks of Silicon Laboratories Inc.
Other products or brandnames mentioned herein are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders.
18 Rev. 1.4
ESP-01 WiFi Module
Version1.0
sherry@aithinker.com
Disclaimer and Copyright Notice.
Information in this document, including URL references, is subject to change without notice.
THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED AS IS WITH NO W ARRANTIES WHATSOEVER, INCLUDING ANYWARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY,
NON‐INFRINGEMENT, FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR ANY WARRANTY OTHERWISE ARISING OUT OF ANNY
PROPOSAL, SPECIFICATIONOR SAMPLE. All liability, including liability for infringement of any proprietary rights, relating to use of
information in this document is disclaimed. No licenses express or implied, by estoppel or otherwise, to any intellectual property
rights are granted herein. The WiFi Alliance Member Logo is a trademark of the WiFi Alliance.
All trade names, trademarks and registered trademarks mentioned in this document are property of their respeective owners,
and are hereby acknowledged.
Copyright © 2015 AI‐Thinker team. All rights reserved.
Notice
Product version upgrades or other reasons, posssible changes in the contents of this manual. AI‐Thinker reservess in the absence of any notice or
indication of the circumstances the right to modify the content of this manual. This manual is used only as a guide, Ai‐thinker make every effort to
provide accurate informatioon in this manual, but Ai‐thinker does not ensure that manual content without error, in this manual all statements,
information and advice nor does it constitute any express or implied warranty.
Ta ble of Contents
1. Preambles ............................................................................ ...................... 3
1.1. Features ..................................................................... ...................... 4
1.2. Parameters ................................................................ ...................... 6
2. Pin Descriptions ................................................................... ...................... 7
3. Packaging and Dimensi on .................................................... .................... 10
4. Functional Descriptions ....................................................... .................... 12
4.1. MCU ........................................................................... .................... 12
4.2. Memory Organization ................................................................... 12
4.2.1. Internal SRAM and ROM ....................................... .................... 12
4.2.2. External SPI Flash .................................................. .................... 12
4.3. Crystal ........................................................................ .................... 13
4.4. Interfaces ....................................................................................... 13
4.5. Absolute Maxim um Ratings .......................................................... 15
4.6. Recommended O perating Conditions ........................................... 15
4.7. Digital Terminal Characteristics ..................................................... 15
5. RF Performance ................................................................... .................... 16
6. Power Consumption ............................................................ .................... 17
7. Reflow Profile ...................................................................... .................... 18
8. Schematics ........................................................................... .................... 19
1. Preambles
ESP‐01 WiFi module is developed by Ai‐thinker Team. core processor ESP8266 in smaller sizes of the module
encapsulates Tensilica L106 integrates inddustry‐leading ultra low power 32‐bit MCU micro, with the 16‐bit short mode,
Clock speed support 80 MHz, 160 MHz, supports the RTOS, integrated Wi‐Fi MAC/BB/RF/PA/LLNA, on‐board antenna.
The module supports standard IEEE802.11 b/g/n agreement, complete TCP/IP protocol stack. Users can use
the add modules to an existing device networrking, or building a separate network controller.
ESP8266 is high integration wireless SOCs, designed for space and power constrained mobile platform
designers. It provides unsurpassed ability to embed Wi‐Fi capabilities within other systems, or to function as a
standalone application, with the lowest cost, and minnimal space requirement.
Figure 1 ESP8266EX Block Diagram
ESP8266EX offers a complete and self‐contained Wi‐Fi networking solution; it can be used to host the
application or to offload Wi‐Fi networking functions from another application processor.
When ESP8266EX hosts the application, it boots up directly from an external flash. In has integrated
cache to improve the performance of the system in such applications.
Alternately, serving as a Wi‐Fi adapter, wireless internet access can be added to any micro controllerbased
design with simple connectivity (SPI/SDIO or I2C/UART interface).
3
Shenzhen Anxinke Technology CO;LTD http://www.ai-thinker.com
ESP8266EX is among the most integrrated WiFi chip in the industry; it integrates the antenna switches, RF
balun, power amplifier, low noise receive ampliffier, filters, power management modules, it requires minimal
external circuitry, and the entire solution, including front‐ennd module, is designed to occupy minimal PCB area.
ESP8266EX also integrates an enhanced version of Tensilica’s L106 Diamond series 32‐bit processor, with on‐
chip SRAM, besides the Wi‐Fi functionalities. ESP8266EX is often integrated with external sensors annd other
application specific devices through its GPIOs; codes for such applications are provided in examples in the SDK.
Espressif Systems’ Smart Connectivitty Platform (ESCP) demonstrates sophisticated system-level features
include fast sleep/wake context switching for energy‐efficient VoIP, adaptive radio biasing. for low‐power
operation, advance signal processing, and spur cancellation and radio co‐existence features for common cellular,
Bluetooth, DDR, LVDS, LCD interference mitigation.
1.1. Features
• 802.11 b/g/n
• Integrated low power 32‐bit MCU
• Integrated 10‐bit ADC
• Integrated TCP/IP protocol stack
• Integrated TR switch, balun, LNA, power amplifier and matching network
• Integrated PLL, regulators, and poweer management units
• Supports antenna diversity
• Wi‐Fi 2.4 GHz, support WPA/WPA2
• Support STA/AP/STA+AP operation modes
• Support Smart Link Function for both Android and iOS devices
• Support Smart Link Function for both Android and iOS devices
• SDIO 2.0, (H) SPI, UART, I2C, I2S, IRDA, PWM, GPIO
4
• STBC, 1x1 MIMO, 2x1 MIMO
• A‐MPDU & A‐MSDU aggregation and 0.4s guard interval
• Deep sleep power <10uA, Power down leakage current < 5uA
• Wake up and transmit packets in < 2ms
• Standby power consumption of < 1.0mW (DTIM3)
• +20dBm output power in 802.11b mode
• Operating temperature range ‐40C ~ 125C
5
1.2. Parameters
Table 1 below describes the major parameters.
Table 1 Parameters
6
2. Pin Descriptions
There are altogether 8 pin counts, the deffinitions of which are described in Table 2 below。
Table 2 ESP-01 Pin design
7
Table 2 Pin Descriptions
NO. Pin Name Function

1 GND GND
2 GPIO2 GPIO,Internal Pull‐up
3 GPIO0 GPIO,Internal Pull‐up
4 RXD UART0,data received pin RXD
5 VCC 3.3V power supply (VDD)
1) External resset pin, active low
6 RST
2) Can loft or external MCU

,
7 CH_PD Chip enable pin. Active high
8 TXD UART0,ddata send pin RXD
8
Table 3 Pin Mode
Mode GPPIO15 GPIO0 GPIO2
UART Low Low High
Flash Boot Low High High
Table 4 Receiver Sensitivity
9
3. Packaging and Dimeension
The external size of the module is 14.3m m*24.8mm*3mm, as is illustrated in Figure 3 below. The type of flash
integrated in this module is an SPI flash, the capacity of which is 1 MB, and the package size of which is SOP‐
210mil. The antenna applied on this module is a 3DBi PCB‐on‐board antenna.
Figure 3 [Module Piin Counts, 8 pin, 14.3 mm *24.8 mm *3.0 mm]
10
Figure 4 Top View of ESP-01 WiFi M odule
Table 5 Dimension of ESP-01 WiFi Module
Length Width Height PAD Size(Bottom) Pin Pitch

14.3 mm 24.8 mm 3 mm 0.9 mm x 1.7 mm 2.54 mm
11
4. Functional Descriptioons
4.1. MCU
ESP8266EX is embedded with Tensilica L106 32‐bit micro controller (MCU), which features extraa low power
consumption and 16‐bit RSIC. The CPU clock speed is 80MHz. It can also reach a maximum value of 160MHz.
ESP8266EX is often integrated with externnal sensors and other specific devices through its GPIOs; codes for
such applications are provided in examples in the SDK.
4.2. Memory Organization

4.2.1. Internal SRAM and ROM
ESP8266EX WiFi SoC is embedded with memory controller, including SRAM and ROM. MCU can visit the memory
units through iBus, dBus, and AHB interfaces. All memory units can be visited upon request, while a memory arbiter will
decide the running sequence according to the time when these requests are received by the processor.
According to our current version of SDK provided, SRAM space that is available to users is assigned as below:
▪RAM size < 36kB, that is to say, when ESP8266EX is working under the station mode and is connected to the
router, programmable space accessible to user in heap and data section is around 36kB.)
▪ There is no programmable ROM in the SoC, therefore, user program must be stored in an external SPI flash.
4.2.2. External SPI Flash

This module is mounted with an 1 MB external SPI flash to store user programs. If larger definable storage
space is required, a SPI flash with larger memorry size is preferred. Theoretically speaking, up to 16 MB memory
capacity can be supported.
Suggested SPI Flash memory capacity:
▪OTA is disabled: the minimum flash memory that can be supported is 512 kB;
▪OTA is enabled: the minimum flash memory that can be supported is 1 MB.
Several SPI modes can be supportedd, including Standard SPI, Dual SPI, and Quad SPI.
Therefore, please choose the correct SPI mode when you are downloading into the flash,
otherwise firmwares/programs that you downnloaded may not work in the right way.
12
4.3. Crystal
Currently, the frequency of crystal osscillators supported include 40MHz, 26MHz and 24MHz. The accuracy of
crystal oscillators applied should be ±10PPM, and the operating temperature range should be between ‐20°C and 85°C.
When using the downloading tools, please remember to select the right crystal oscillator type. In circuit design,
capacitors C1 and C2, which are connecteed to the earth, are added to the input and output termminals of the crystal
oscillator respectively. The values of the two capacitors can be flexible, ranging from 6pF to 22pF, however, the specific
capacitive values of C1 and C2 depend on further testing and adjustment on the overall performmance of the whole
circuit. Normally, the capacitive values of C1 and C2 are within 10pF if the crystal oscillator frequency is 26MHz, while
the values of C1 and C2 are 10pF<C1, C2<<22pF if the crystal oscillator frequency is 40MHz.
4.4. Interfaces
Table 6 Descriptions of Interfaces
13
Shenzhen Anxinke Technology CO;LTD http://www.ai-thinker.com 14
4.5. Absolute Maximum Ratings
Table 7 Absolute Maximum Ratings
4.6. Recommended Opperating Conditions

Table 8 Recommended Operating Conditions
4.7. Digital Terminal Characteristics

Taable 9 Digital Terminal Characteristics
Note: Test conditions: VDD = 3.3V, Temmperature = 20 ℃, if nothing special is stated.
15
5. RF Performance
Table 10 RF Performance
16
6. Power Consumption
Table 11 Power Consumption

❶Modem‐Sleep requires the CPU to be working, as in PWM or I2S applications. According too 802.11 standards (like U‐
APSD), it saves power to shut down the Wi‐Fi Modem circuit while maintaining a Wi‐Fi connection with no data transmission.
E.g. in DTIM3, to maintain a sleep 300mswake 3ms cycle to receive AP’s Beacon packages, the current is about 15mA.
❷ During Light‐Sleep, the CPU may be suspended in applications like Wi‐Fi switch. Without data transmission, the
Wi‐Fi Modem circuit can be turned off annd CPU suspended to save power according to the 8022.11 standard (U‐
APSD). E.g. in DTIM3, to maintain a sleep 300ms‐wake 3ms cycle to receive AP’s Beacon packages, the current is
about 0.9mA. ❸ Deep‐Sleep does not require Wi‐Fi coonnection to be maintained. For application with long time
lags between data transmission, e.g. a temperature sensor that checks the temperature every 100s ,sleep 300s and
waking up to connect to the AP (taking about 0.3~1s), the overaall average current is less than 1mA.
17
7. Reflow Profile
Table 12 Instructions
18
8. Schematics
Figure 4 Schematics of Esp-01 WiFi Module
19
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LED Submersible Light
SPECIFICATION
LED dive light with casual air-lines
VOLTAGE: AC 110/220V
FREQUENCY: 50 Hz to 60 Hz
POWER: 2 W
SIZE: 70 cm
SOBO WATER PUMP

SPECIFICATION
WP-3880 WP-2880
Ideal water circulator Ideal water circulator
Oxygenator used for powering undergravel Oxygenator used for powering undergravel
filters filters
Wavemakers Wavemakers
For water pumping For water pumping
For freshwater and saltwater use For freshwater and saltwater use
VOLTAGE: AC 220-240 V VOLTAGE: AC 220-240 V
FREQUENCY: 50/60 Hz FREQUENCY: 50/60 Hz
POWER: 35 W POWER: 25 W
H.MAX: 1.8 m H.MAX: 1.5 m
F. MAX: 2500 L/H F. MAX: 1800 L/H
SOBO AIR PUMP

SPECIFICATION
SB-9903
VOLTAGE: AC 220-240 V
POWER: 3.5 W
OUTPUT: 4.5 L/min
PRESSURE: 0.12 Mpa
SOBO AQUARIUM HEATER

SPECIFICATION
HF-100
Temperature adjustment feature
Waterproof insulation
Glass tube
Heating element with improved insulation
VOLTAGE: AC 220V
FREQUENCY: 50 Hz
POWER: 100 W
TEMPERATURE RANGE: 20°C to 32°C
PH-009(I)A PEN TYPE PH METER

SPECIFICATION
RANGE 0.0 to 14.0 pH
RESOLUTION 0.1 pH
ACCURACY +- 0.1 pH
TEMPERATURE COMPENSATION 0°C to 50°C
BATTERY 4x1.5 V (AG-13)
OPERATING TEMPERATURE 0°C to 5°C
DIMENSIONS 150mmx29mmx20mm
WEIGHT 51 g
WATER QUALITY METER PEN-TYPE(CONDUCTIVITY, TDS,

SALINITY)
SPECIFICATION
8351 8361 8371
ACCURACY 1% Full scale +- 1 1% Full scale +- 1 1% Full scale +- 1
digit digit digit
CAL.POINT One point per range One point per range One point per range
AUTO POWER OFF Yes Yes Yes
MEASUREMENT 0 to 1999 μs or 0 to 0 to 1999μs/ppm or 0 1.0 to 70.0 ppt (NaCl)
RANGE 19.99 mS to 19.99 mS/ppt
TEMP. ACCURACY +- 0.5°C +- 0.5°C +- 0.5°C
TEMP. 0.1°C/°F 0.1°C/°F 0.1°C/°F
RESOLUTION
RESOLUTION 1 μS or 0.01 mS 1 μS/1 ppm or 0.01 0.1 ppt
mS/0.01 ppt
HOLD DATA Yes Yes Yes
UNIT C/F Yes Yes Yes
SWITCHABLE
TDS FACTOR 0.4 to 1.00 Built-in NaCl
conductivity to TDS
conversion factor
TEMP. 0 to 40%/°C 0 to 40%/°C Built-in NaCl
COEFFICIENT temperature
coefficient
NORMALIZATION 20 or 25°C 20 or 25°C Fixed at 25°C
TEMP.
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GROSS WEIGHT 179 g
Comes with a bracket
POWER AA Battery
Timetable LED Display
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MF80 Technical Specifications
Network & Frequency Band: HSUPA/HSDPA/WCDMA: 850/1900/2100MHz
GSM/GPRS/EDGE 850/900/1800/1900MHz
Data Services: HSDPA Downlink: up to 21.6Mb/s*
HSUPA Uplink: up to 5.76Mb/s*

Wi-Fi working range: approx 25m radius in free space
Wi-Fi Connections: supports up to 8 users

Dimensions (W×H×D): 99.7mm*54mm*14.9mm
Weight: 65g
microSD™ or microSDHC™ card: Up to 32GB

External Antenna Port TS9
Battery: 1500mAh Li-ion
Standby time (low power mode): up to 80 hours

Working time: up to 4hours, depending on usage and
network conditions.
Working Temperature Range : -10 to +45°C
Operating Systems: Microsoft Windows 7, Vista & XP. 32 and 64 bit.
MAC OS 10.4.11 and above. 32 and 64 bit.
*HSDPA / HSUPA: 21.6Mbps downlink & 5.8 Mbps uplink rated device. Actual customer peak download/upload
speeds are less. Typical customer download speeds are 550Kbps – 3Mbps. Typical customer upload speeds are
300Kbps to 3Mbps in all capitals, associated metropolitan areas and selected regional areas and 300kbps - 1Mbps in
other coverage areas. Actual customer download/upload speeds will vary due to factors such as distance from the
cell, local conditions, user numbers, hardware, software, download source, and other factors.

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Gravity: Analog Dissolved Oxygen Sensor SKU:SEN0237

Type: Galvanic Probe

Detection Range: 0~20 mg/L

Temperature Range: 0~40 ℃

Response Time: Up to 98% full response, within 90 seconds (25℃)

Electrode Service Life: 1 year (normal use)

Membrane Cap Replacement Period:

1~2 months (in muddy water);

4~5 months (in clean water)

Filling Solution Replacement Period: Once every month

Cable Length: 2 meters

Probe Connector: BNC

Signal Converter Board

Supply Voltage: 3.3~5.5V

Cable Connector: BNC

Signal Connector: Gravity Analog Interface (PH2.0-3P)

Dimension: 42mm * 32mm/1.65 * 1.26 inches

4 BNC Probe Cable Connector

Prepare the Probe

Enter ”Calibration” in the serial monitor to enter into calibration mode.

After the calibration, enter “EXIT” to exit calibration mode.

//every 30 milliseconds,read the analog value from the ADC

GNU Lesser General Public License.

/***********Notice and Trouble shooting***************

#define SCOUNT 30 // sum of sample point

static unsigned long printTimepoint = millis();

void doCalibration(byte mode)

int getMedianNum(int bArray[], int iFilterLen)

Q2. How to make zero dissolved oxygen water ?

Q3. How to store the probe ?

Q4. How to make 0.5 mol/L NaOH solution?

Q5. What problems would I usually meet ? How to solve it ?

This page was last modified on 26 February 2018, at 15:21.

Analog pH Meter Kit SKU: SEN0161

Analog pH Meter Kit SKU: SEN0169

Module Power: 5.00V

Response Time: ≤ 1min

Preservation: Electrode reference preservation solution is the 3N KCL solution.

Measurement should be avoided staggered pollution between solutions, so as not to affect

NOTE: Differences between the probes, SEN0161 and SEN0169

Method 1. Software Calibration

For NOTE 3. Arduino sample sketch "EEPROM Clear"

7. Enter “exit” to finish calibration. You will see “Calibration

8. Check if the pH meter was calibrated successfully with the solution pH

In Standard alkali solution pH = 10.00

GNU Lesser General Public License.

/***********Notice and Troubleshooting***************

int analogBuffer[SCOUNT]; //store the sample voltage

#define SlopeValueAddress 0 // (slope of the ph probe)store at the

float slopeValue, interceptValue, averageVoltage;

static unsigned long printTimepoint =

if(enterCalibrationFlag) // in calibration mode, print the

millis(); while (Serial.available()>0) {

if (millis() - receivedTimeOut > 1000U)

void phCalibration(byte mode)

else Serial.print(F("Calibration Failed"));

int getMedianNum(int bArray[], int iFilterLen)

Method 2. Hardware Calibration through potentiometer

If you've taken the Method 1. Software Calibration, you

1. Connect according to the graphic, that is, the pH electrode is

Sample Code for Hardware Calibration

int pHArray[ArrayLenth]; //Store the average value of the sensor

Q1. My PH sensor readings are not correct, what did I miss?

Or the module is defective?

/*Notice and Trouble shooting*****

/*Notice and Troubleshooting*****

/*Notice and Trouble shooting*****