GROUP VII TESTS

EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE PRINCIPLE AND REACTIONS

TESTS FOR AMIDES
AMMONIA EVOLUTION TEST
Sample + 2ml dil.NaOH. Boil and
expose a wet red litmus paper to the
vapors.
A primary amide can be hydrolysed by NaOH to give salt of carboxylic acid
and ammonia gas which turns red litmus paper blue.
Red litmus turns blue Amide

HYDROXAMIC ACID TEST Amides combine with hydroxylamine to givehydroxamicacid . The solution is
then treated with ferric chloride to produce the ferric hydroxamate complex,
which has a characteristic burgundy or magenta color.
Sample + 1ml Hydroxylamine
Magenta color Amide
hydrochloride solution in ethanol
+ 1ml dil.NaOH. Boil, Cool and
acidify with 2ml dil.HCl. Then
add 2 drops neutral ferric chloride
solution

TEST FOR ANILIDES Anilides on hydrolysis give the corresponding amineswhich

AZO DYE TEST
Take three test tubes .
Test tube 1. Sample + 2ml conc.HCl.
Boil for 2 minutes
Test tube 2. 2ml Sodium Nitrite solution
Test tube 3. 0.2g beta-Naphthol + 1ml
dil.NaoH
Cool the test tubes in an ice bath. Add
solution No.2 to 1 dropwise. Add the
above mixture to test tube no.3
undergo diazotisation reaction with nitrous acid to form diazonium
salt undergo coupling reaction with β-
salts. These diazonium salts
naphthol to form orange colouredazo dye.
Orange Red Dye Primary Aromatic Amine
Primary aliphatic amines react with nitrous acid to give unstable
salts which decompose spontaneously liberating nitrogen
gas.Secondary and tertiary amines react with nitrous acid to give
yellow nitroso compounds.
 EXPERIMENT
TEST FOR NITRO COMPOUNDS
AZO DYE TEST AFTER
REDUCING THE NITRO GROUP
TO THE AMINE GROUP
Take three test tubes .
Test tube 1. Sample + a piece of tin
metal + 2ml conc.HCl.
Boil for 2 minutes&
decant solution to another
test tube
Test tube 2. 2ml Sodium Nitrite solution
Test tube 3. 0.2g beta-Naphthol + 1ml
dil.NaoH
Cool the test tubes in an ice bath. Add
solution No.2 to 1 drop wise. Add the
above mixture to test tube no.3
MULLIKAN-BARKER TEST
Sample + 1ml alcohol + 0.2g NH4Cl +
0.2g Zinc Dust. Boil and filter allow to
cool for 5min . Add 2ml Tollen’s
Reagent
Sample + 2 ml acetone + 1 ml dil.NaOH
OBSERVATION INFERENCE PRINCIPLE AND REACTIONS
Aromatic nitro compounds on reduction with tin and HCl give the
corresponding amines which undergo diazotisation reaction with
nitrous acid to form diazonium salts. These diazonium salts
undergo coupling reaction with β-naphthol to form orange
colouredazo dye.
Orange Red Dye Aromatic Nitro compound
Primary aliphatic amines react with nitrous acid to give unstable
salts which decompose spontaneously liberating nitrogen
gas.Secondary and tertiary amines
am react with nitrous acid to give
yellow nitroso compounds.
Tertiary aliphatic nitro compounds and aromatic nitro compounds are reduced
Silver mirror on walls of the Nitro compound by zinc and ammonium chloride to the hydroxylamine. The hydroxylamine is
test tube or a grey black then detected by the formation of metallic silver in the Tollens test
te
precipitate
Pink colour Dinitro compound
No pink colour Mono nitro compound