Collection de la Maison de

l'Orient méditerranéen ancien.

Série littéraire et philosophique

Calendriers et prodige : remarques sur la divination égyptienne

d'après Hérodote II, 82
Emmanuel Jambon

Résumé
L’étude d’Emmanuel Jambon vise à éclairer le témoignage d’Hérodote sur la divination égyptienne, dans lequel l’Égypte
est présentée comme l’initiatrice et la gardienne de différentes méthodes divinatoires (II, 82‑83). L’historien évoque trois
modes de divination distincts. La première technique de connaissance du futur se fonde sur l’hémérologie, système à la
fois calendérique et théologique dans lequel la connaissance de chaque jour et de chaque mois relève de divinités fixant
le destin des hommes. Le deuxième mode de divination repose sur l’observation et l’interprétation des prodiges. La
troisième méthode est la consultation des oracles ou mantique ; déjà largement explorée, elle ne sera pas reprise dans la
présente étude. La première partie explicite le passage d’Hérodote sur les calendriers du destin en le croisant précisément
avec trois documents : le Calendrier des jours fastes et néfastes, le Livre d’heures, le Naos des décades. La seconde
partie traite des prodiges et des présages. Les sources de prédiction sont divers signes de la nature : comportement de
certains animaux, comme la musaraigne ou la gazelle, et observation des éléments (étoiles, vent, tonnerre). La troisième
partie est une synthèse sur la fiabilité d’Hérodote en tant que source sur la divination égyptienne. Il apparaît clairement
que ses informations sont justes, ses informateurs étant eux‑mêmes fort probablement des praticiens confirmés dans la
science divinatoire.

Citer ce document / Cite this document :

Jambon Emmanuel. Calendriers et prodige : remarques sur la divination égyptienne d'après Hérodote II, 82. In: Hérodote
et l’Égypte. Regards croisés sur le Livre II de l’Enquête d’Hérodote. Actes de la journée d’étude organisée à la Maison de
l’Orient et de la Méditerranée – Lyon, le 10 mai 2010. Lyon : Maison de l'Orient et de la Méditerranée Jean Pouilloux,
2013. pp. 145-166. (Collection de la Maison de l'Orient méditerranéen ancien. Série littéraire et philosophique, 51);

http://www.persee.fr/doc/mom_0151-7015_2013_act_51_1_2259

Document généré le 08/05/2016

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