Industrial Security Management

Security
- the predictable state or condition which is free from harm, injury, destruction,
intimidation or fear. Freedom from fear or danger or defense against crime.
- degree of protection or resistance against harm, danger, loss, and criminals.
- Derived from the Latin word securus which means “safe” or “without care,” or
from se cura wherein se means “free from” and cura means “care.”

R.A. No. 5487

- (as amended by PD no. 11) - Private Security Agency Law.

Private Detective Agency

- is any person who for hire or reward or on commission conducts or carries on or holds
himself out as conducting or carrying on a detective agency or detective service.

Private Detective
- any person who is not a member of a regular police agency or armed forces who does
detective work for hire, reward or commission.

PADPAO
– Philippine Association of Detective and Protective Agency Operators.

Watchmen/Security Guard
- person who offers or renders personal service to watch or secure either residential or
business establishment or both or any building, compound or area for hire or
compensation or as an employee thereof.

Security Agency
- any person, association, partnership or corporation who recruits, trains, muster
,furnishes, solicit individuals or business firms, private or government owned or
controlled corporation to engage his services or those of its watchmen.

Who May Organize Security Agency?

1. Any Filipino Citizen or a corporation, partnership or association.
2. With a minimum capital required by law.

 In case of corporation, association, or partnership - must be 100 % owned and

controlled by Filipino citizen.
 No person shall organize or have interest in more than one agency.

What are the Qualification of an Operator or Manager of a Security Agency?

1. At least 25 years of age
2. College graduate and/or commissioned officer in the inactive service of the AFP
3. Good moral character
 4. No previous record of any conviction of any crime/offense involving moral
turpitude
5. Not suffering from any of the following disqualifications:
 dishonorably discharged or separate from the AFP
 mentally incompetent
 addicted to the use of narcotic drugs
 habitual drunkard
 An elective or appointive government employees who may be called upon on
account of the function of their respective offices in the implementation and
enforcement of the provision of RA 5487 and person related to such government
employees by affinity or consanguinity in the third civil degree shall not hold any
interest, directly or indirectly in any security guard agency.

Basic Qualifications of a security Guard

1. Filipino citizen
2. High school graduate
3. Physically and mentally fit
4. Not less than 21 nor more than 50 years old
5. At least 5'4" in height
6. Not suffering from any disqualification under R.A. No. 5487

 Veterans shall be given priority in employment as security guard or private

detective.
 Person convicted of any crime involving moral turpitude shall not be employed as
security guard or private detective.
 Private detective, detective agency, security guard, security agency must first
obtain license from the PNP.
 Employees employed solely for clerical or manual work need not be licensed.
 The license shall be displayed at all times in a conspicuous and suitable place in
the agency office.
 The PNP shall exercise general supervision over the operation of all private
detective and security guard agencies.
 The City/Municipal Mayors has the power as director of the City/Municipal civil
defense to deputize private detective and security guards to help maintain peace
and order or prevent or arrest law violators in case of emergency or in times of
disaster or calamity. They shall take orders from the Chief of Police for the
duration of the fire, inundation, earthquakes, riots or other emergency.
 A security guard or security agency is entitled to possess firearms.
 Firearm must not be higher than .45 caliber.
 Agency is entitled to possess firearm not exceeding one firearm for every
security guard in its employ.
 Security guard is entitled to possess not more than one riot gun or shotgun.
 Firearms shall be carried by the security guard only during his tour of duty in
proper uniform within the compound of the establishment except when he escorts
big amount of cash or valuables in or out of said compound.
  The Chief PNP shall prescribe the uniform, ornaments, equipment and
paraphernalia to be worn by the security guards.
 Uniforms must be different from the PNP/AFP.
 The salary of security guard shall not be lower than the minimum wage prescribe
by law.

Limitations and Prohibitions on a Security Agency

1. No agency operating in the City of manila and suburbs may employ more than
1000 watchmen or security guards.
2. No agency operating in other cities and first class municipalities may employ
more than 500 watchmen or security guards.
3. No agency operating in municipalities other than first class may employ more
than 200 watchmen or security guards.
4. No person, corporation, partnership or association may organize more than one
agency in any one city or municipality.
5. No agency shall offer, render or accept services to gambling dens or other illegal
enterprises.
6. The extent of the security service being provided by any security agency shall not
go beyond the whole compound or property of the person or establishment
requesting the security service except when they escort big amount of cash.

Who can Issue rules and regulations to carry out the purpose of RA 5487?
- The chief PNP, in consultation with the Philippines Association of Detective and
Protective Agency Operators.

What are the penal provisions for violation of RA5487 or its implementing rules?
- Suspension, fine or cancellation of license to operate with the forfeiture f bond
filed with the Chief PNP.
- Imprisonment ranging from 1 to 4 years and fine, in the discretion of the courts.

Physical security
- describes the measures that are designed to deny access to unauthorized personnel
from physically accessing a building, facility, stored information and guidance on how to
design structures to resist potentially hostile acts.

- a system of barriers placed between a potential intruder and the material or

installation to be protected.

Security
- the predictable state or condition which is free from harm, injury, destruction,
intimidation or fear. Freedom from fear or danger or defense against crime.

Physical Security System

- a barrier or system of barriers placed between the potential intruder and the matter to
be protected. Protective device against hazards, threats, vulnerability and risks.
Purpose/Goals of Physical Security
1. deter potential intruders - ex. warning signs, perimeter markings
2. distinguish authorized from unauthorized people - ex. using pass card
3. delay or prevent intrusion attempt - ex. wall, door lock, safe
4. detect intrusion and monitor/record intruders - e. CCTV, intrusion alarm
5. trigger appropriate incident responses - ex. security guards

How to deter potential intruders?

1. install warning signs -

2. build fences
3. put vehicle barriers
4. install vehicle height restriction
5. implement restricted access point
6. install sight lighting and trenches

How to distinguish authorized from unauthorized people?

- access control at the:

1. gates
2. doors
3. locks

How to detect intrusion?

1. install alarms
2. install intrusion detection monitor
3. install video monitoring system - ex. CCTV

Vigiles (in Rome)

- origin of the watchmen although their principal duty was as a fire brigade.

Frank Wills - detected the Watergate burglars ultimately leading to the resignation of
US president Richard Nixon.

Target hardening
- the reduction in criminal opportunity, generally through the use of physical barriers,
architectural design and enhanced security measures of a particular location.
Defensible Space
- the range of mechanisms that combine to bring an environment under the control of its
residents.
Demography
- the study of the characteristics of population groups.

Principles of Physical Security

1. An intruder must be able to acquire access to the property in order to benefit.
2. The type of access necessary will depend upon a number of variable factors and
therefore may be achieved in a number of ways.
3. There is no impenetrable barrier.
4. Security is built upon a system of defense in depth resulting to accumulated
delay time which may lead to the apprehension of the intruder.
5. Each installation is different from the others.
2 Kinds of Barriers
1. Natural
2. Artificial

5 Types of Barriers
1. Human
2. Animal
3. Natural
4. Energy/Electrical/Electronic
5. Structural

3 Line of Defense
1. Perimeter Barrier - 1st line of defense.
2. Building Exterior - 2nd line of defense.
3. Interior Controls - 3rd line of defense.

Perimeter Barrier - main purpose is to deny or impede access or exit of unauthorized

persons.

Other Purposes
1. It defines the boundary of the property to be secured.
2. It creates a physical and psychological deterrent to unauthorized entry.
3. It delays intrusion, thus facilitating apprehension of intruders.
4. It assists in a more efficient and economical employment of guards.
5. It facilitates and improves the control of pedestrian and vehicular traffic.
Components:
1. Types of Fencing (solid/full view)
2. The top guard
3. Types of Protective Alarms Systems
4. Types of Protective and Emergency Lighting's
5. CCTV Cameras and other Electronic Security Systems/Energy Barriers

Building Exterior - Components:

1. walls
2. Doors
3. Windows
4. Roof Openings
5. Fire Escapes
6. Protective Alarm Systems
7. Protective and Emergency lightnings
8. CCTV Cameras and other Electronic Security Systems/Energy Barriers

Interior Controls - Components:

1. ID Systems
2. Protective Alarm Systems
3. Protective Emergency Lightings
4. Communication Systems
5. CCTV Cameras and other Electronic Security Systems/ Energy Barriers
6. Restricted Areas (storage areas/utilities)
7. Access Control
8. Key Control
9. Emergency Plans
10.Guards

Natural barriers or features - such as cliffs, ravines, and rivers which delay or make
more difficult to entry of intruders.

Barriers - any line of boundary and separation, natural or artificial, places, or serving as
limitation or obstruction. Anything that bars, keep out, obstruct progress, or prevents
encroachment or intrusion.

Structural barriers - features constructed by man regardless of their original intent that
tends to delay the intruder. Ex. walls, ceilings, locks, safe, windows.

Human barriers - guards, charges of quarters, office personnel, shop workers etc. who
stand between the intruder and the matter to be protected.
Animal barriers - usually guard dog. Ex. trained German shepherds used as guards,
goose, and turkeys can also be included.

Energy barriers - usually electrical or electronics devices used to provide assistance to

guard personnel. Ex. protective lightings, anti-intrusion devices.

Full view fence - it is designed primarily to prevent physical access between two areas.
Constructed in such a way that visual access is permitted through the fence.

Physical Security Features:

1. Natural barriers - natural terrains features must be considered from the stand
point of their values to intruder as cover and concealment. Normally the first type
considered very often we have to accept and work around them.
2. Fences
a. solid fence - one is constructed in such a way that visual access through the
fenced structure is denied.
b. full view fence - constructed in such a way that usual access is permitted
through the fence.

Advantages of a full view fence

1. removing patrols and stationary guards are able to keep area surrounding of
the installation under observation.
2. it does not create shadows which would provide cover and concealment for
the intruder.

Disadvantages of a full view fence

1. It allows visual access to the installation,its personnel,its guard and its
activities.
2. It allows the intruders to become familiar with the movements and the time
schedule of the guard patrols thereafter allowing him to pick the time for attempting
penetration which would most advantageous to the intruder.

Advantages of solid fence

1. Denies visual access of the installation of the intruder.
2. Denies the opportunity for the intruder to become familiar with the
personnel,activities and the time schedule of the movements of guards in the
installations.

Disadvantages of solid fence

1. It prevents the guards from observing the area around the installation.
2. It creates shadows which may be used by the intruder for cover and
concealment.
Minimum acceptable requirements for fence used security barriers
1. Height - 8 feet at a minimum.
2. Slack at the bottom - not to exceed 2 inches.If the fences are not tight then it
should extend even closer to the ground.
3. Wooden fence post - minimum horizontal dimension of 4X4 inches.
4.Steel fence post - the round type should at least be 2 inches at the smallest
diameter.
5. Fence post - should be set in concrete or in firm soil using commercial drive
anchors to a depth of 3 feet and the maximum distance post is 10 feet.
6. Fence top (Top Guard) - there should be something on the top of the fence to
deter persons attempting to go over fence.ex.use of barb wire overhang.The arms
holding the barbwire should be extended at 45degree angle in the direction of the
expected approach.
7. Fence area - it should be declared trees and vegetation and debris of other
materials which would offer concealment of the intruder or would aid him in scaling the
fence.
8. Fence Gates - gates should be limited to the no necessary for efficient and
sage operation of the installation.
9. Fence Opening - all opening in the fence in excess of 96 inches must be
locked barbed or screen in such a way that they may be interlocked and opened from
the inside and only by selected personnel.
10.Multiple fence - is used should at least be 10 feet apart and the overhang on
the top of the inner fence should point inward.

4 Basic functions that must be accomplished by the guard system

1. Detect intruders
2. Sound alarms
3. Apprehend unauthorized personnel
4. Identify authorized personnel

Personnel Control Identification

2 Types of identification
1. Personal Recognition - is the most effective
2. Artificial Identification - badges,passes etc.

System of Employment of Personnel Control Identification

1. Pass system - a method used by security to screen visitors or person admitted
into building premises.
2. Single pass or Badge system - the least expensive and the least secure.
3. Group pass and Badge system - one ID for one group.
4. Multiple pass system - separate pass is required for access to various areas in
need ex.color coding
5. Spot magnetized identification passes - a code may be placed in the device
and when passes through a machine,the code on the device is read,if it contains wrong
code or no code at all,it will alarm.
6. Access list - it contains the names of authorized persons or personnel and is
checked against identification cards such as drivers licenses,draft registration etc.

Visitor control - the measures used would depend on the sensibility of the installation
but could include the following:
1. Escort - expensive but most secure
2. Time travelled - if there is a long delay or time lapse between the departure
and arrival, the visitor may be required to show cause for the delay.
3. Visitors logs - should contain identifying data,reasons of visit,time in and hour
etc.
4. Visitors entrances - separate access for visitors and separate for employees .

Utility and maintenance personnel - escort system could be used.If these people visit
the installations on a regular basis some of the systems previously could be used.

Package control - there should be provisions made to check packages being taken in
and taken out.

Photography - extreme caution must be exercised in areas where classified

information is displayed to preclude unauthorized taking of pictures of the installation.

Vehicular control and identification

* Most common identification is for registering at the headquarters or gates and putting
of sticker on the windows of the vehicles.
* For visitors,the following systems are used:
1. Escort
2. Driver pool - the most secure but the most expensive.In this system,car is driven by
qualified driver employed by the installation from the entrance to its destination and after
the conclusion of the business of the visitor.car is driven back to the installations
entrance.
3. Time travel - used in less sensitive installations
4. Grid system - a very complicated system.The installation is divided into grid ad
squares like a map.Each square is given a no. or letter designation.The visitor is then
given a map and shown the route to take to his destination and should not deviate from
the prescribed route,otherwise he could be stopped and questioned by the guards.
5. Search of vehicles - sign should be put at the entrance to the installation that any
vehicle entering is subject to search anytime.

Types of Protective Alarm Systems

1. Central station system - the control station is located outside the installations.
When the alarm is sounded by a subscriber, the central station notifies the police or
protection agency.
2. Property system - the control system is located inside the installations with its
own fire fighter, law enforcer, ambulance, or bomb disposal unit.
3. Local alarm - the signalling is near the alarm itself. When the intruder enters
the installation, the alarm goes off scaring the intruder. Purpose is just to scare not to
apprehend intruder.
4. Auxiliary alarm - the installation owned the protective alarm with a unit in the
nearest police station so that in case of need, direct call is possible.

Kinds of Alarms
1. Intrusion alarm - any detecting devices using electric and their combinations to
signal an alarm when actuated.
2. Laser beam alarm - a laser emitter floods the wall or fence with a beam so that
when this beam is disturbed by a physical object,an alarm is activated.
3. Photocell alarm - an invisible or visible beam is emitted and when disturbed,it
activates an alarm or mechanical device that opens a door or lift movable
barriers,activated by light.

Basic component of an alarm system

1. Annunciation - the heart of the system of the detecting device and is the
component that activates the triggering unit.
2. Transmission - it transmit what is detected.
3. Triggering device - the one which emits those aural or visual signals or both.

Security Survey - The detailed check and audit of what an installation or plant does not
have in relation to its protection from hazards.

Security Inspection - a process where physical examination is conducted to determine

compliance with established security policies and procedures as a result of security
survey.

Purpose of security survey

1. To determine existing state or condition of security
2. To locate weaknesses and possible defense
3. To determine degree of protection required

Security hazards - an act or condition which result in a situation conductive to a breach

of the protection system and the subsequent loss or compromise of
defense,information,company secrets,or damage to property,personnel,or facilities.

Hazards - exposure to loss or injury.

Two General Categories of Security Hazards
1. Human hazard - caused by human action.Ex.sabotage,pilferage,theft
2. Natural Hazard - caused by natural phenomena.

Types of Human Hazards

1. Human carelessness
2. Accident
3. Disaffection
4. Disloyalty
5. Subversion
6. Sabotage
7. Espionage
8. Pilferage
9. Theft
10.Vandalism

Protective Security - measures taken by an installation or unit to protect against

sabotage,espionage or subversion and at the same time provide freedom of action in
order to provide the installation or unit with the necessary flexibility to accomplish its
mission.

3 Aspects of Security
1. Physical Security - measures taken to prevent physical access or entry to an
installation.
2. Personnel Security - measures taken to insure that only authorized personnel have
access to classified documents or information.
3. Document and Information Security

Types of Security
1. Physical Security - the most broad.
2. Industrial Security - security of business installations and industrial plants.
3. VIP Security - protection of high level officers and important personnel.
4. Bank Security - security of money and assets stored or in transit.
5. Hotel Security - security for hotel guest and their personal belongings and property
as well as properties of the hotel.
6. Document security - protection of vital records from loss or unauthorized access.
7. Communication Security - measures to prevent or delay the unauthorized person in
gaining information through communication.

Protective Alarms - supplemental physical barriers in a form of sound that cause alarm
installed indoors or outdoors in an installation.
Types of Alarm Systems
1. Metallic foil wire
2. Ultrasonic Detection Device
3. Vibration Detection Device
4. Microwave Motion Detection Device
5. Audio Detection Device
6. Photo Electric or Electric Eye

Kinds of Alarms
1. Bill Traps
2. Foot Rail Activator
3. Knee or thigh button
4. Foot button
5. Double squeeze button

Protective Lighting - provide illumination on areas to be secured that adds

psychological deterrence.

Types of protective Lighting

1. Stationary luminary - consist of series of fixed luminaries to flood given area
continuously. Example: glare protection type
2. Standby Lighting - provides continuous lighting through manual operations.
3. Movable Lighting - stationary or portable manually operated search lights.
4. Emergency Lighting - duplication of existing lighting system that is utilized in the
event of electric failure.

Types of Lighting Equipment

1. Street lights - used in parking areas
2. Search Lights - highly focused incandescent lamps used to pinpoint potential trouble
spot.
3. Flood Lights - project light in a concentrated beam used in boundaries and fences.
4. Fresnel Lights - wide beam units primarily used to extend illumination in long
horizontal strips to protect approaches to perimeter barrier.

Protective Locks and Keys

1. Lock - a mechanical,hydraulic,electrical or electronic device designed to prevent
entry into a building,room,container or hiding place and to prevent the removal of items
without the consent of the owner.
2. Padlock - portable and detachable lock having or sliding hasp that passes through a
staple ring.
3. Peterman - A term used in England for lock picker, safe cracker and penetrators of
restricted areas or rooms.
Types of Locks
1. Lever locks - used in cabinets,drawers,safe deposit box.
2. Disc-Tumble Locks - used in car doors.
3. Warded Locks - offer little security,used only to provide privacy.
4. Combination Locks
5. Card Operated Locks
6. Electromagnetic Locks
7. Code operated Locks

Types of Keys
1. Master Key - a special key of opening a series locks.
2. Grand Master Key - a key that will open everything in a system involving two or
more master key groups.
3. Change Key - a key to a single lock within a master keyed system.
4. Sub Master Key - a key will open all lock with a particular area or grouping in a
given facility.

Types of Security Cabinets

1. Safe
2. vault
3. File Room

Protective Cabinets - considered as the third line of defense against unauthorized

persons.

Key Control - a system of controlling keys devised and regulated for disposal,storage
and withdrawals.

Close-in Security Formations

1. One Man Security - 360 degrees coverage.
2. Two Man Security - Each guard has 180 degrees coverage.
3. Three Man Security - has equal areas of coverage
4. Four Man Security
5. Five Man Security - modified diamond.
6. Six Man Security - (defensive circle) too much crowd requires arm lock formation.
Note: Six Man Security is the most effective.

Defensive In Depth Barriers

1. Outer Ring - securing sidewalks,in front of quarters or offices,covering all
entrances,front,center,side and rear.
2. Middle Ring - security covering inside quarters,office,residence,all stairways and
elevators.
 3. Inner Ring - immediately outside the high risk personnel door or the one closest to
the VIP.
Active Security Measures
1. Physical Barriers
2. Security lighting
3. Vaults
4. Locks

Passive Security Measures

1.Those that will deter man from committing such act for fear of being caught
charged in court or get dismissed
2.Security education programs, investigation, fire prevention seminars, personal
security checks.

Company Guard Force – (CGF) a security force maintained and operated by any
private company/corporation utilizing any of its employees to watch, secure or guard its
business establishment premises, compound or properties.

Duty Detail Order - is a written order/schedule issued by a superior officer usually the
private security agency/branch manager or operations officer assigning the performance
of private security/detective services duties.

Factors that Bring About Unsecured Conditions

1. Threats - an activity that could lead to a loss.
2. Hazards - a condition that could lead to a loss.
3. Vulnerability - a weakness that can be used to gain access to an asset.
4. Risk - a potential loss or damage to an asset.

Government Guard Unit – (GGU) a security unit maintained and operated

by any government entity other than military or police, which is established and
maintained for the purpose of securing the office or compound and/or extension of such
government entity.

Government Security Personnel – shall be natural persons which include government

security guards, detectives, security consultants and security officers except those of
the AFP, PNP, or BJMP rendering or performing security and/or detective services as
employed by government entities.

License to Exercise Profession – shall mean any document issued by the Chief, PNP
or his duly authorized representative recognizing a person to be qualified to perform his
duties as private security or training personnel.

License to Operate – (LTO) is a License Certificate document, issued by the Chief,

Philippine National Police or his duly authorized representative, authorizing a person to
engage in employing security guard or detective, or a juridical person to establish,
engage, direct,manage or operate an individual or a private detective agency or private
security agency/company security force after payment of the prescribed dues or fees.

Note:New applicants for license to operate shall be required to obtain a minimum

capitalization of one million pesos (P1,000,000.00) with a minimum bank deposit of five
hundred thousand (P500, 000.00) pesos in order to start its business operation.

No regular license shall be granted to any private security agency unless it has a
minimum of two hundred (200) licensed private security personnel under its employ.

No regular license shall be granted to any company guard force or private

detective agency unless it has a minimum of thirty (30) licensed private security
personnel under its employ.

The maximum number of private security personnel that a PSA/CGF/PDA may

employ shall be one thousand (1000).

Person - shall include not only natural persons but also juridical persons such as
corporation, partnership, company or association duly registered with the Securities and
Exchange Commission.

PNP - Philippine National Police, under the DILG, organized pursuant to the provision of
RA 6975 otherwise known as the National Police Act of 1991. The PNP shall exercise
general supervision over the operators of all security agencies and guards.

Powers and Duties of a Security Guard

1. To watch and secure the property of the client. Service shall not extend beyond the
property or compound of client.

Exception:
1. Escort duties
2. Hot pursuit of criminal offenders

2. Security Guard and Private Detective have no police authority.

Private Detective - is any person who does detective work for hire, reward or
commission, other than members of the Armed Forces of the Philippines, guards of the
Bureau of Jail Management and Penology,municipal or city jail guards, and members of
the Philippine National Police or of any other law enforcement agency of the
government.

Qualifications of a Private Detective

1. Must be a Filipino citizen
2. Must be a high school graduate
3. Must be physically and mentally fit
4. Must not be less than 21 nor more than 50 years of age
5. Must be at least 5 feet and 4 inches in height
 6. Must not be suffering from any of the ff: disqualifications
a. Dishonorably discharged or separated from the AFP
b. Mental incompetent
c. Addicted to the use of narcotic drug or drugs
d. Habitual drunkard
7. Must not be convicted of any crime involving moral turpitude

Private Detective Agency - is any person, who, for hire or reward or on commission,
conducts or carries on or holds himself or itself out as conducting or carrying on a
detective agency, or detective service.

Notes:
1. All person used in a private detective work must be licensed
2. All person employed solely for clerical or manual work need no private detective
license.
3. License (LTO) shall be displayed at all times in a conspicuous and suitable place
in the agency office or headquarters of the agency and shall be exhibited at the request
of any person whose jurisdiction is in relation with the business of the agency or the
employees thereof, or of the Chief of the PNP or his duly authorized representative or
any peace officer.
4. The PNP shall exercise general supervision over the operation of all private
detective and privated detective agency.

The rules above applies to a Private Security Agency.

Private Security Guard - (watchman) shall include any person who offers or renders
personal service to watch or secure either a residence, business establishment, or
buildings, compounds, areas,or property, inspects/monitors bodily checks/searches
individuals and/or baggage and other forms of security inspection, physically/manually
or scientifically electronic, including but not limited to,logging concessions and
agricultural, mining or pasture lands, transportation, for hire or compensation , or as an
employee thereof, including any employee of the national or local governments or
agencies or instrumentality’s thereof and or government owned or controlled firm or
corporations who is employed to watch or secure government buildings, compounds,
premises and other properties, other than members of the Armed Forces of the
Philippines, guards of the Bureau of Jail management and Penology, Municipal or City
jail guards, and members of the Philippine National Police or of any other law
enforcement agency of the Government.

Moral Turpitude - A phrase used in Criminal Law to describe conduct that is

considered contrary to community standards of justice, honesty, or good morals.

*Crimes involving moral turpitude have an inherent quality of baseness, vileness, or

depravity with respect to a person's duty to another or to society in general.
Examples of Crime Involving Moral Turpitude
1. Rape
2. Forgery
3. Robbery
4. Prostitution

Private Security Guard Agency - any person, association, partnership, or corporation,

who recruits, trains, muster, furnishes,solicits individuals or business firms, private or
government-owned or controlled corporations to engage his service or those of its
watchmen.

Who May Organize a Security Agency

1. Any Filipino citizen
2. Corporation
3. Partnership
4. Association

Limitations/Disqualification/Prohibitions In Organizing A Security Agency

1. Security Agency must be 100% Filipino owned
2. No person shall organize or have an interest in, more than security agency
3. No agency shall offer, render or accept services in gambling dens or other illegal
business establishments or enterprises.
4. Must not be an elective or appointive government employees who may be called
upon on account of the functions of their respective offices in the implementation and
enforcement of the Private Security Agency Law and any person related to such
government employees by affinity or consanguinity in the third civil degree shall not hold
any interest, directly or indirectly in any security guard or watchman agency.
5. The extent of the security guard service being furnished by the security agency
shall not go beyond the compound and/or property of the person or establishment
contracting the security service except when the security guards is escorting big amount
of money or valuables.
6. Main Office - All agencies shall maintain a main office in their registered
addresses.
Branch offices - may be established and maintained in other provinces/ cities
where the security agency has deployed security guards.

7. Rules - Authority to operate outside principal offices.

1. No new or moribund but previously licensed private security agency shall be
granted license to operate unless its business viability is supported by evidence of
assured clientele, adequate capitalization and the like.

Moribund - (dying)(stagnant)(obsolescent) in terminal decline; lacking vitality or vigour.

 2. Private Security Agency operating at regions outside its main office shall be
required to register with the nearest Police Provincial Office and shall submit an
authenticated machine copy of the following documents:
a) License to Operate
b) License of the FA’s to be issued
c) List of the officers and security guards
d) Appointment Order of Branch/Detachment Manager (if any)
8. All applicants for license to operate shall be required to attend a private security
agency/company guard force operators and management seminar/workshop.
9. Prohibition on “KABIT SYSTEM” operators
1. No licensed security agency shall operate, promote and enter into an
agreement of “merger“ (kabit system) with any person or a group of persons for the
purpose of organizing a branch unit or subsidiary under separate control and ownership.
Merger of security and detective agencies shall not be recognized without prior approval
from the SEC with respect to their Articles of Incorporation and the DTI, with regards
their business name.
2. Any of the following circumstances or a combination thereof shall be
considered prima-facie evidence of the existence of “Kabit System”.
a) Maintaining a separate branch, unit or subsidiary office aside from the
main office of the agency situated within the same locality
b) Receiving direct payments from the agency’s clientele and issuing
officials receipt of their own distinct from that issued by the agency concerned
c) Remitting directly Social Security System premiums, Medicare
contributions and other premium for other policy insurance benefits
d) Existence of an agreement between the licensee and a branch manager
thereof, whereby the latter obligates himself to pay a certain percentage of his income
to the former on the condition that the control and supervision of the guards posted by
said branch shall course on the manager thereof and that the licensee shall be exempt
from liabilities/ obligations attendant to the operation of said branch.
e) Keeping/maintaining separate payrolls for the branch employees signed
and/or approved by the branch manager only
f) Absence of record of monthly income remittances to the main office
when said branch is authorized to make collections from the clients of the licensee
g) All other similar acts tending to show separate and distinct
relationship/personality/ ownership/ management.

Qualifications of the Operator/Manager of a Security Agency

1. Must be at least 25 years of age
2. Must be a College Graduate and/or No.3 below.
3. Must be a commissioned officer in the inactive service of the Armed Forces of the
Philippines
4. Must be of good moral character
5. Must have no previous record of any conviction of any crime or offense involving
moral turpitude
6. Must not be suffering from any of the following disqualifications:
a. Dishonorably discharged or separated from the AFP
b. Mental incompetent
c. Addicted to the use of narcotic drug or drugs
d. Habitual drunkard
7. Must have taken a course/seminar on industrial Security Management and/or
must have adequate training or experience in security business (IRR).

Note: One can not be a Commissioned officer in the inactive service of the AFP
unless college graduate. The law used the word and/or.

RA 5487 is a law. In case of conflict between the law and its implementing rules and
regulations promulgated by the chief PNP, The law shall prevail.

Private Security Industry – shall cover those in the legitimate business of providing
private security and detective services.

Private Security Personnel – shall be natural persons which include private security
guards, private detectives, security consultants,and security officers
rendering/performing security and/or detective services as employed by private security
agencies and/or private firms.

Protective Security System - are those measures taken by an installation or unit to

protect itself against sabotage, espionage or subversion.

RA 5487 - known as "The Private Security Agency Law."

Restricted Area - is any area in which personnel or vehicles are controlled for reasons
of security. Restricted area is established to provide security for installation or facilities
and to promote efficiency of security operations and economy in the use of security
personnel.

SAGSD - Security Agency and Guard Supervision Division. SAGSD is under the PNP
Civil Security Group.

Security Guard - (watchman) Any person who offers or renders personal service to
watch or secure either residential or business establishment, or both, or any building,
compound, or area including but not limited to logging concessions, agricultural, mining
or pasture lands for hire or compensation, or as an employee thereof.

Security Hazards - is an act or condition which results in a situation like a breach of the
protection system and the subsequent loss or compromise of defense information,
company secret or damage to personnel, property or facilities.

Three Major Areas of Security

1. Physical Security - this concern with the physical measures adopted to prevent
unauthorized access to equipment, facilities, material and document and to safeguard
them against espionage,damage, loss and theft.
2. Personnel Security - this is as important as physical security.Personnel security starts
even before the hiring of an employee and remains to be maintained for as long as the
person is employed. Its purpose is to insure that a firm hires those best suited to assist
the firm in achieving its goals and objectives and once hired assist in providing
necessary security to the work force while carrying out their functions
3. Document and Information Security - this involves the protection of documents as
classified papers from loss, access by unauthorized persons, damage, theft and
compromise through disclosure.

Two Instances When the Chief PNP may deputize any security guard
to assist the PNP in the performance of police duties.
1. In case of emergency
2. In times of disaster or calamities

Types of Security
1. Industrial Security - a type of security applied to business groups engaged in
industries like manufacturing, assembling,research and development, processing,
warehousing and even agriculture. It may also mean the business of providing security.
2. Hotel Security- a type of security applied to hotels where its properties are protected
from pilferage, loss damage and the function in the hotel restaurants are not disturbed
and troubled by outsiders or the guest themselves. This type of security employs house
detectives, uniforms guard and supervisor and insures that hotel guests and their
personal effects are safeguarded.
3. Bank Security- this type of security is concern with the bank operations.
4. VIP Security- a type of security applied for the protection of top-ranking officials of the
government or private entity, visiting persons of illustrious standing and foreign
ignitaries.
5. School Security- a type of security that is concern with the protection of the students,
faculty members, and school properties.
6. Supermarket or Mall Security- a type of security which is concern with the protection
of the stores, warehouses, storage, its immediate premises and properties as well as
the supermarket personnel and customers. Security personnel are trained to detect
shoplifter, robbery, and bomb detection and customer relation.
7. Other Types- this includes all other security matters not covered
in the above enumeration.