Design Report-RCC Return Wall (7.0m Height)

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA
Four Laning of Chettikulam (km.7/300) to Natham (Km.36/690) Section

of NH-785 on EPC Mode under Bharatmala Pariyojana Phase-I in the
State of TamilNadu.
DESIGN REPORT
RETURN WALL
(HEIGHT = 7.0m)
M/s KSHEERAABAD CONSTRUCTIONS

PVT. LTD., - I. VETRIVEL – OM SAKTHI
CONSTRUCTIONS (JV) March 2019
Return Wall -7.0m
DESIGN OF RETURN WALL (7.0m HEIGHT)

Input data's:
Sl. No Description Unit
1 Safe Bearing Capacity 200 KN / m2
2 Grade of Concrete M 30
3 Grade of Steel 500
4 Unit weight of Concrete(Dry) 25 KN / m2
5 Unit weight of earth (Dry) 18 KN /m3
6 Live Load Surcharge Pressure 1.20 m ht of earth fill.
7 Co efficient of Friction (cl-706.3.4 of IRC 78-2014 ) 0.50
8 Angle of internal friction, Ф 30 0
9 Angle of Wall friction, δ 20 0
Saturated weight of soil, γ

3
10 20 KN /m
M/s.KCPL-IV-OSC(JV) 1 NHAI
Return Wall -7.0m
Calculation of earth pressure coefficient : (Normal Case)
Live load surcharge pressure = Equivalent to 1.2m height of Earth fill
= 1.2 x 20 = 24 KN/m3
Co-efficient of earth pressure is computed as follows:
sin 2 (α + φ) cos δ
Sin α sin ( α - δ)
2
sin ( φ + δ) sin ( φ − β) 2
sin ( α −δ) sin ( α + β)
Where,
Wall angle α = 86.30 0
Angle of surcharge β = 0 0
Angle of internal friction of back fill material φ = 30 0
Angle of wall friction δ = 2/3 φ = 2 x 30

3
= 20 or 22.5
δ= 20
Safe bearing capacity = 200 KN/m3
tan α = 3900
250
α = 86.30
Return Wall -7.0m
Substituting these values,
sin2 ( 86.3 + 30 ) cos 20

sin2 86.3 x sin ( 86.3 - 20 ) sin ( 30 + 20 ) x sin ( 30 - 0 ) 2
1 + sin ( 86.3 - 20 ) x sin ( 86.3 + 0 )
= 0.8037 x 0.94
0.9118 2
1 + 0.6474
= 0.305
KaH = 0.305 x cos δ = 0.305 X 0.94 = 0.287
KaV = 0.305 x sin δ = 0.305 X 0.34 = 0.104
0 H2 7000
Road level
450 2500
H1 6400 7000
G.L
250
1400
75 75
2000 β (a)
600 250 468.75
350 Toe Heel
1400 700 2800

1400 3500
4900 mm
Dimension details of Return wall
250 1325 850 2725
Return Wall -7.0m
KaH = 0.287
i) Active earth pressure:
Force due to Active earth pressure = 1 0.287 x 20 x 7 x 7 = 140.63 KN

2
Moment due to active pressure = 140.63 x 0.42 x 7.00 = 413.5 KN.m
ii) Live load surcharge pressure:
Equivalent height of live load surcharge = 1.2 m height of earth as per CL - 710.6.9 of IRC - 78-2014
Force due to live load surcharge pressure = 0.287 x 20 x 1.2 x 7 = 48.20 KN
Moment due to live load surcharge pressure = 48.20 x 7 = 168.70 KN.m

2
Total horizontal force = 140.63 + 48.20 = 188.83 KN
Total moment = 413.45 + 168.70 = 582.15 KN.m
Design moment &Shear (Table 3.2 IRC 6-2017)
BM Shear ULS Factor Factored moment Factored Shear

EP 413.45 140.63 1.50 620.18 210.95
LLSC 168.70 48.20 1.20 202.44 57.84
Total 822.62 268.79
Factored Shear force = 268.79 KN

Factored Bending Moment = 822.62 KN.m
X2AO
Design of stem : KaH = 0.287
Force due to Active earth pressure = 1 0.287 x 20 x 6.4 x 6.4 = 117.56 KN

2
Moment due to active pressure = 117.56 x 0.42 x 6.40 = 316 KN.m
Force due to live load surcharge pressure = 0.287 x 20 x 1.2 x 6.4 = 44.10 KN
Moment due to live load surcharge pressure = 44.10 x 6.4 = 141.12 KN.m
2
Total moment = 316 + 141.12 = 457.12 KN.m
Return Wall -7.0m

EP 316.00 117.56 1.50 474.00 176.34
LLSC 141.12 44.10 1.20 169.34 52.92
Total 643.34 229.26

Uniform section of Stem:
Force due to Active earth pressure = 1 0.287 x 20 x 2.5 x 2.5 = 17.94 KN

2
2
Moment due to active earth pressure = 0.5 0.287 x 20 x 2.5 x 0.42 x 2.5
= 18.83 KN.m
Force due to live load surcharge pressure = 0.287 x 20 x 1.2 x 2.5 = 17.20 KN
Moment due to live load surcharge pressure = 0.287 x 20 x 1.2 x 2.5 x 2.5
2
= 21.53 KN.m

Total moment = 40.3594 KN.m

EP 18.83 17.94 1.50 28.25 26.91
LLSC 21.53 17.20 1.20 25.83 20.64
Total 54.08 47.55

Return Wall -7.0m
Design of stem : KaV = 0.104
Force due to Active earth pressure = 1 0.104 x 20 x 7 x 7 = 50.96 KN

2
Moment due to active pressure = 50.96 x 1 x 3.5 = 178.4 KN.m
Force due to live load surcharge pressure = 0.104 x 20 x 1.2 x 7 = 17.50 KN
Moment due to live load surcharge pressure = 17.50 x 3.5 = 61.25 KN.m
1
Total moment = 178.36 + 61.25 = 239.61 KN.m
Return Wall -7.0m
Stability Calculation for one metre run of the wall: (Normal Case)
Lever arm
Vertical RM
S.No Description From Toe
load (KN) (KN-m/m)
(m)
1 Stem :
0.45 x 6.4 x 1 x 25 72.00 1.625 117.00
0.5 x 0.25 x 3.9 x 1 x 25 12.19 1.933 23.56
0 x 0 x 1 x 25 0.00 1.850 0.00
0.5 x 0 x 0.0 x 1 x 25 0.00 1.850 0.00
2 Base slab:
4.9 x 0.350 x 1 x 25 42.88 2.450 105.06
0.85 x 0.250 x 1 x 25 5.31 1.750 9.29
0.5 2.725 x 0.25 x 1 x 25 8.52 3.083 26.27
0.5 1.325 x 0.25 x 1 x 25 4.14 0.883 3.66
3 Crash Barrier
0.31 x 25 x 0.0 0.00 2.045 0.00
3 Earth fill:
(i) 1.4 x 1.4 x 1 x 20 0.00 0.700 0.00
(i) 2.8 x 6.4 x 1 x 20 358.40 3.500 1254.40
(ii) 0.5 x 3.9 x 0.25 x 1 x 20 9.75 2.017 19.67
(iii) 0.25 x 2.5 x 1 x 20 12.50 1.975 24.69
(iv) 0.5 x 2.725 x 0.25 x 1 x 20 6.81 3.992 27.19
(vi) 0.5 1.325 x 0.25 1 x 20 0.00 0.4420 0.00
4 Earth fill: (surcharge)
3.05 x 0 x 0.5 x 20 0.00 3.8833 0.00
5 Vertical Coefficient :
50.96 x 4.90 50.96 4.900 249.70
4 Crash Barrier:
0.31 x 0 x 1 0 0.305 0.00
583.46 1860.48
LOAD COMBINATION FOR FOUNDATION
(Combination for Equilibrium as per IRC:6-2017 Table 3.1)
Friction for foundation 0.50

Check for Pressure factors Vertical Horiz Overturn Resisting
Stem : 0.9 75.77 KN 126.51 KNm
Base slab: 0.9 54.77 KN 129.85 KNm
Soil Dead load 0.9 348.71 KN 1193.34 KNm
Earth Pressure H 1.5 210.945 KN 620.18 KNm
Earth Pressure V 1 50.96 KN 249.70 KNm
Live load Surcharge H 1.2 1.20 KN 202.44 KNm
Live load Surcharge V 1.2 21.00 73.5 KNm
Total 551.21 KN 212.15 KN 822.62 KNm 1772.90 KNm
Total Horizontal Load 212.15 KN
Total Vertical Load 551.21 KN
Total Resisting moment 1772.90 KNm
Total Overturning moment 822.62 KNm
Check for Overturning = Stabilising Moment > 1

Overturning Moment
= 1772.9 = 2.16 safe

822.6
Check for Sliding = m x Vertical Force > 1
Horizontal Force
= 551.21 x 0.50 = 1.30 safe

212.15
Return Wall -7.0m

(Partial Safety Factor for Verification of Structural Strength as per IRC:6-2017 Table 3.2)
(Combination for Foundation as per IRC:6-2014 Table 3.4)
Friction for foundation 0.5

Stem : 1.35 113.66 KN 189.76 KNm
Base slab: 1.35 82.15 KN 194.77 KNm
Earth Pressure V 1.5 76.44 KN 374.56 KNm
Live load Surcharge H 1.2 57.84 KN 202.44 KNm
Live load Surcharge V 1.2 21 73.5 KNm
LOAD COMBINATION x x- x
FOR FOUNDATION
(Combination for SLS as per IRC:6-2014 Table 3.3)
As Per Irc 6-2014 For Checking Base Pressure Under Foundation, Unfactored Load Shall Be Used.

Stem : 1 84.19 KN 140.56 KNm
Base slab: 1 60.85 KN 144.28 KNm
Soil Dead load 1 387.46 KN 1325.94 KNm
Earth Pressure H 1 140.63 KN 413.45 KNm
Earth Pressure V 1 50.96 KN 249.70 KNm
Live load Surcharge H 1 48.20 KN 168.70 KNm
Live load Surcharge V 1 17.50 KN 61.25 KNm
- -
Total Resisting moment 1921.73 kNm
Total Overturning moment 582.15 kNm
IRC 78-2014 Cl 706.3.4
Check for Pressure at bottom of Foundation
z = MR-MO
P
Z = 1339.58 = 2.23 m
600.96
e= b - Z = 4.9 2.23
-
2 2
Eccentricity of the stem section w.r.t.mid of its base.
= 0.220 m < b = 4.9 = 0.820 m

6 6
Hence Safe
Calculation of base Pressure:
P = W 1 ± 6e = 600.96 1 ± 6 x 0.22
b b 4.9 4.9
= 122.64 1 ± 0.269
Pmax = 155.68 KN/m2 < 200 KN/m2
Pmin = 89.61 KN/m2 > 0 KN/m2
Hence safe
Return Wall -7.0m
Since the Pressure are found to be within Limits, the retaining wall is Safe under this condition.
Pressure Diagram
4900 mm
1400 700 2800
875 525
89.61 KN/m2 89.61 KN/m2
2
155.68 KN/m 127.36 Heel
143.88 136.8
66.07 KN/m2
d dist
Toe
Bending moment for SLS check Toe slab
Distance
Vertical from face of Moment
S.No Description
load (KN) the support (KN.m)
(m)
1 Upward pressure (Rec.)

136.80 x 1 x 1.40 191.52 0.7 134.064
2 Upward pressure (Tri)

1 x 1.400 x 18.88 13.22 0.93 12.334
2
3 Deduction for self weight of toe
0.35 x 1.4 x 1.00 x 25 -12.25 0.7 -8.575
0.075 x 0.25 x 1.00 x 25 -0.47 0.517 -0.243
0.5 0.25 x 1.325 x 1.00 x 25 -4.14 0.038 -0.155
Total 187.88 137.425

Bending moment for SLS check Heel slab
Distance
S.No Description
(m)
1 Earth weight :-
2.80 x 6.4 x 1 x 20 358.40 1.4 501.76
0.50 2.725 x 0.25 x 1 x 20 6.81 0.983 6.70
2 Self weight:-
0.35 x 2.80 x 25 x 1 24.5 1.4 34.30
0.25 x 0.25 x 25 x 1 1.6 0.038 0.06
0.5 0.25 x 2.73 x 25 x 1 8.5 0.98 8.38
50.96 x 1.400 50.96 1.400 71.34
4 Deduction for upward pressure

(i) 89.61 x 2.8 x 1.00 -250.91 1.4 -351.27
(ii) 0.5 x 37.75 x 2.80 x 1.00 -52.85 0.47 -24.84
Total 146.99 246.42
Shear and Bending Moment For heel Slab
Shear Force V = 147.0 KN
Bending moment M = 246.4 KN
Return Wall -7.0m

(Combination for Design of Foundation as per IRC:6-2017 Table 3.4)
When the live load will be on span, the next train of load on embankment will be atleast 20m away from the backside of dirt wall,
Hence there will be no surcharge pressure effect on abutment when live load will be on span.
Combination 2
Stem : 1 84.19 KN 140.56 KNm
Base slab: 1 60.85 KN 144.28 KNm
Soil Dead load 1 387.46 KN 1325.94 KNm
Earth Pressure V 1.3 66.25 KN 324.62 KNm
Live load Surcharge H 1 48.20 KN 168.70 KNm
Live load Surcharge V 1 17.50 KN 61.25 KNm
Total 616.25 231.02 706.19 1996.64 KNm

z = MR-MO
P
Z = 1290.46 = 2.09 m
616.25
e= b Z = 4.9 2.09
-
2 2
= 0.360 m < b = 4.9 0.820 m

6 6
Hence Safe
P = W 1 6e = 616.25 1 ± 6 x 0.36
b b 4.9 4.9
= 125.76 1 0.441
Pmax = 181.2 KN/m2
Pmin = 70.33 KN/m2
This Factored presssure is only applicable for design of foundation. Further no need to check against safe bearing capacity of soil.
4900 mm
1400 700 2800
875 525
70.33 KN/m2 70.33 KN/m2
2
181.20 KN/m 133.68 Heel
161.4 149.5
110.87 KN/m2
Toe
Return Wall -7.0m
Toe slab : =
Distance
S.No Description
(m)

149.52 x 1 x 1.40 209.33 0.7 146.531

1 x 1.400 x 31.68 22.18 0.93 20.694
2
0.35 x 1.4 x 1.00 x 25 -12.25 0.7 -8.575
0.075 x 0.25 x 1.00 x 25 -0.47 0.517 -0.243
0.5 0.25 x 1.325 x 1.00 x 25 -4.14 0.038 -0.155
Total 214.65 158.252
Heel slab:
Distance
S.No Description
(m)
1 Earth weight :-
2.80 x 6.4 x 1 x 20 358.40 1.4 501.76
0.50 2.725 x 0.25 x 1 x 20 6.81 0.983 6.70
2 Self weight:-
0.35 x 2.80 x 25 x 1 24.5 1.4 34.30
0.25 x 0.25 x 25 x 1 1.6 0.038 0.06
0.5 0.25 x 2.73 x 25 x 1 8.5 0.98 8.38
50.96 x 1.400 50.96 1.400 71.34

(i) 70.33 x 2.8 x 1.00 -196.92 1.4 -275.69
(ii) 0.5 x 63.35 x 2.80 x 1.00 -88.69 0.47 -41.68
Total 165.14 305.16
Shear Force V = 165.1 KN
Bending moment M = 305.2 KN
(Combination for Base pressure as per IRC:6-2017 Table 3.4)

Combination 1
Stem : 1.35 113.66 KN 189.76 KNm
Base slab: 1.35 82.15 KN 194.77 KNm
Earth Pressure H 1.5 210.95 KN 620.18 KN
Earth Pressure V 1.5 99.37 KN 486.92
Live load Surcharge H 1.2 57.84 202.44 KN
Live load Surcharge V 1.2 21 KN 73.50 KNm
Total 839.25 KN 268.79 822.62 2734.97

Return Wall -7.0m
z = MR-MO
P
Z = 1912.36 = 2.28 m
839.25
e= b - Z = 4.9 2.28
-
2 2
= 0.170 m < b = 4.9 = 0.820 m

6 6
Hence Safe
P = W 1 ± 6e = 839.25 1 ± 6 x 0.17
b b 4.9 4.9
= 171.27 1 ± 0.208
Pmax = 206.93 KN/m2
Pmin = 135.62 KN/m2
This Factored presssure is only applicable for design of foundation. Further no need to check against safe bearing capacity of soil.
4900 mm
1400 700 2800
875 525
135.62 KN/m2 135.62 KN/m2
2
206.93 KN/m 176.37 Heel
194.2 186.6
71.31 KN/m2
Toe
Toe slab :
Distance
S.No Description
(m)

186.56 x 1 x 1.40 261.18 0.7 182.826

1 x 1.400 x 20.37 14.26 0.93 13.305
2
0.35 x 1.4 x 1.00 x 25 -12.25 0.7 -8.575
0.075 x 0.25 x 1.00 x 25 -0.47 0.517 -0.243
0.5 0.25 x 1.325 x 1.00 x 25 -4.14 0.038 -0.155
Total 258.58 187.158
Return Wall -7.0m
Heel slab:
Distance
S.No Description
(m)
1 Earth weight :-
2.80 x 6.4 x 1 x 20 358.40 1.4 501.76
0.50 2.725 x 0.25 x 1 x 20 6.81 0.983 6.70
2 Self weight:-
0.35 x 2.80 x 25 x 1 24.5 1.4 34.30
0.25 x 0.25 x 25 x 1 1.6 0.038 0.06
0.5 0.25 x 2.73 x 25 x 1 8.5 0.98 8.38
50.96 x 1.400 50.96 1.400 71.34

(i) 135.62 x 2.8 x 1.00 -379.74 1.4 -531.64
(ii) 0.5 x 40.75 x 2.80 x 1.00 -57.05 0.47 -26.81
Total 13.96 64.09
Shear and Bending Moment For Toe Slab
shear at d dist - = 206.93+194.2 x 0.875/2"-25x0.46875x0.875"

selfweight of toe = 256.01
Design Shear Force V = 256.0 KN
Design Bending moment M = 187.2 KN
Design Shear Force V = 165.1 KN
Design Bending moment M = 305.2 KN
Return Wall -7.0m
ALL DISTANCES ARE IN M, STRESSES IN MPA, FORCES IN KN AND MOMENTS IN KNM

ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE CHECK FOR MOMENT, SHEAR AND TORSION AS PER IRC:112-2011
Density Concrete (kn/cu.m) Stem fck 30 Mpa Ec 31000 Mpa

Toe fck 30 Mpa Ec 31000 Mpa
Heel fck 30 Mpa Ec 31000 Mpa
Sectional Properties Stem Heel slab Toe Slab
Bottom Uniform At Face At Face
Portion of stem of stem
Sec1 Sec 2 Sec3 Sec4
No. of webs 1 1 1 1
Width of Section, B (mm) 1000 1000 1000 1000
Depth of Section, D (mm) 700 450 600 600
Area of section m2 0.700 0.450 0.600 0.600
Perimeter of Section (m) 3.400 2.900 3.200 3.200
4
Moment of Inertia m 0.029 0.008 0.018 0.018
depth of section m 0.700 0.450 0.600 0.600
CG of Section (bot) m 0.350 0.225 0.300 0.300
3
Z bot of section m 0.082 0.034 0.060 0.060
Z top of section m3 0.082 0.034 0.060 0.060
Grade of concrete =M 30 MPa

Grade of steel =FE 500 MPa
(fck) = 30.00
(fywk) = 500.00
Ten. strength of conc (fctm) = 2.60
Design yld of shear reinf fywd = 0.8*fyk/γs = 347.83
Part.mat. factor for conc (gm) = 1.50
Part. mat factor for Steel (gs) = 1.15
Ult. comp strain in the conc (єcu3) = 0.0035
Mod.Elas of reinforcing of steel (Es) = 200000
Mod.Elas of concrete (Ecm) = 31000
modular ratio αe (Es/Ecm) = 6.45
Ult.tensile strain in the steel (єs) = [{fywk/(gs xEs)}+0.002] = 0.0042
Coeff.of influence of the concrete strength (a) = 0.67 (.67 for cube/0.85 cylinder)
Factor (λ ) = 0.80
0.8 Up to fck ≤ 60Mpa,Eq.A2-33 (IRC:112-2011); 0.8-((fck-60)/500) for 60<fck<110Mpa
Factor (η) = 1.00
1.0 Up to fck ≤ 60Mpa,Eq.A2-35 (IRC:112-2011); 1.0-((fck-60)/250) for 60<fck<110Mpa
.
fcd = (α*fck/γm) = 13.40
Factor Fav (ηfcdλ) = 10.72
Factor b = (l/2) = 0.40
sc =fcm. ((kn-n^2)/(1+(k+2)n)
DESIGN OF SECTIONS
Stem Heel slab Toe Slab

Description Unit
Width of staad member m 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Design Shear KN 229.3 47.6 165.1 256.0
Design Moment(Sagging) KNm 643.3 54.1 305.2 187.2
Return Wall -7.0m
Width of beam, B mm 1000 1000 1000 1000

Depth of beam, D mm 700 450 600 600
No of layers 1 1 1 1
Dia of Main. Bar mm 20 12 16 16
cover to reinf. mm 40 40 75 75
Dia of Transverse bar mm 10 10 10 10
deff provided 640 394 507 507
Kav= M/(B*D*D*fav) Mom 1 0.147 0.032 0.111 0.068
Depth required dreqd = √(M/0.133 fck b) 402 116 277 217
Limiting Neu axis depth (x lim) = (d*ecu3)/(es+ecu3)'mm'
Limiting Neu axis depth (x lim) mm 291.90 179.70 231.24 231.24
Description Unit
Xu in mm for Mom 1 mm 100.0 13.0 58.9 35.4
Xu in mm for Mom 2 mm 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
IS Xu is less then the limiting Xulim Safe Safe Safe Safe

Steel required, As for Mom 1 mm2 2466 320 1452 873
Check for min reinft. Reqd.
Minimum Reinf.reqd = mm2 910 585 780 780

Check for Mom 1 (Earth face/Heel Top, Toe Bottom)
However Nos of bars required Nos 8 6 8 5
Provided Nos 8 6 8 5
Dia of bars mm 20 12 16 16
Nos Nos 10 10 10 10
Spacing of Bars mm 100 100 100 100
Reinf provided = mm2 3142 1131 2011 2011
Reinf provided is Safe Safe Safe Safe
Neutral axis depth (x) mm 127 46 82 82
NA is Safe Safe Safe Safe
Ult Moment of resistance of section = kNm 805 185 415 415
MR Safe Safe Safe Safe
Check for Mom 1 (Other face/Heel Bottom, Toe Top Sec1 Sec 2 Sec3 Sec4
Minimum Reinf.reqd = 0.13 % mm2 910 585 780 780
Nos Nos 10 10 10 10
Reinf provided = 1131 1131 1131 2011
Distribution Steel Sec1 Sec 2 Sec3 Sec4

Minimum Reinf.reqd =0.13 % for both face mm2 455 293 390 390
Nos Nos 5 5 5 5
Reinf provided = 565 565 565 565
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Return Wall -7.0m
Check for Ultimate Shear Strength at Various Xn. (Vide Cl:10.3 of I.R.C:-112-2011)
MEd
VRd,c Design shear resistance of member without shear reinforcement
VRd,max maximum
VRd,s Design shear force that can be sustained by yeilding of reinforcement
Vccd value of
Vtd value of
VRd Design shear resistance of member with shear reinforcement
VRd VRd.s + Vccd + Vtd
VEd Design shear force at C/s due to external applied loads + prestressing
VNs Net shear force in web at design section
VNs VEd -Vccd -Vtd -VPd (-ve for downward;
. Ved is + downwards)

. Sec1 Sec 2 Sec3 Sec4
VEd 229 48 165 256
VPd 0 0 0 0
VNs 229 48 165 256
fck 30 30 30 30
fyk 500 500 500 500
K 1.559 1.559 1.559 1.559
d m 0.640 0.394 0.507 0.507
bw m 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000
bwc m 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000
Asl mm2 4838 2262 3142 4587
Asc mm2 0 0 0 0
S = (Ay)c m3 0.245 0.101 0.180 0.180
I m4 0.029 0.008 0.018 0.018
σcp Mpa 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
fywd Mpa 434.78 434.78 434.78 434.78
fcd Mpa 13.40 13.40 13.40 13.40
fctd = fctk/gm 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3
αcw 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000
ν 0.528 0.528 0.528 0.528
ρ1= 0.0076 0.0057 0.0062 0.0090
θ deg 45.0 68.0 68.0 68.0
.
For Elements not requiring shear reinforcement as per Cl. 10.3.2
VRd,c [0.12*K(80*r1*fck)^0.33 + 0.15scp] b> (0.031.K^1.5.fck^0.5+0.15*scp) bw.d
VRd,c kN 314.3 176.6 233.0 264.3
0.49 0.49 0.49 0.49
Vmin kN 211.5 130.2 167.6 167.6
VRd,c (for prestress) I*bwc / s * sqrt [ (fctd)^2+k1.scp.fctd]
VRd,c kN 0 0 0 0
VRd,c kN 314 177 233 264
VEd, < 2264 1394 1794 1794
VEd, actual kN 229 48 165 256
Shear Reinforcement is . Not Reqd Not Reqd Not Reqd Not Reqd
.
Return Wall -7.0m
7 CHECK FOR CRACK WIDTH a) Base slab
Concrete Grade fck = 30.00 Mpa

Steel Grade Fy = 500.00 Mpa
2
Concrete Modulus Ec = 31000.0 N/mm
2
Steel Modulus Es = 200000.0 N/mm
Service Stage Moment = 246.42 kNm
Allowable crackwidth wadm = 0.3 mm
Section depth d = 600 mm
Section width bt = 1000 mm
Minimum cover cmin = 75 mm
Bar spacing s = 100 mm
Bar diameter f = 16 mm
Effective depth h = 517 mm
2
Area of steel ( As = 3142 mm
Term) = 6.4516129
Serviceability Limit State(SLS)
Stress Level
Moment of Inertia of
cracked section = bt*xu^3/3+m*As*(d-xu)^2
4
Icr = 3.77E+09 mm
Stresses are calculated for Maximum bending moment
compressive stress in =
8.24 < 10.80 MPa Safe
stress in steel ( σsc) = m*Ms(d-xu)/Icr
165.12 < 300.00 MPa Safe
Crack width
Maximum crack width
where spacing of
bonded
reinforcement with in
the tension zone <= 5*(C+ф/2)
<= 5*(75+16/2)
<= 415 mm
Case 1: Spacing of bonded
reinforcement with in the
tension zone <= 5*(C+ф/2)
100.00 <= 415
bond propoerties k1 = 0.8 for deformed bars

distribution of strain k2 = 0.5 for bending
Maximum crack spacing Sr,max (3.4c)+(0.425k1k2ф)/ρp.eff Eqn 12.8
= 392 mm
Return Wall -7.0m
Ac,eff iseffective area of concrete in tension surrounding the reinforcement, of depth

hc,eff, where hceff is lesser of 2.5(h-d), (h-x)/3 or h/2.
hc,eff 207.5 mm or 158.0 mm or 300 mm
Thereforhc,eff 158.03 mm
Ac,eff = 158030 mm2
rr.eff = As/Ac.eff
=
= 0.01988
Case2 :the spacing of bonded reinforcement
or
No bonded reinforcement with in the tension zone > 5*(C+ф/2)
Actual Spacing = 100.00 < 415 mm
Maximum crack spacing Sr,max = 1.3 (d-XU)

= 508.42 mm Not Applicable
Maximum of maximum cracking

spacing Sr,max = 391.68 mm
Factor dependent on the duration of the load (kt)

= 0.5
(esm-ecm) = (ssc - kt fct.eff/rr.eff (1+aerr.eff))/Es >=0.6 ssc / Es
=
= 165.12 - 0.50 2.50 x 1.13
0.01988
= 0.0004706 200000
Section in tension, Hence Cracked
>= 0.000495 >=0.6 σsc / Es

(esm-ecm) = 0.000495
Wk = Sr,max (esm-ecm)
= 0.194 mm < 0.3 Moderate

Section in tension, Hence Cracked (As per Table 12.1 of IRC-112
Safe
Return Wall -7.0m
b) Stem
Concrete Grade fck = 30.00 Mpa

Steel Grade Fy = 500.00 Mpa
2
Concrete Modulus Ec = 31000.00 N/mm
Steel Modulus Es = 200000.00 N/mm2
Service Stage Moment = 316.00 kNm
Allowable crackwidth wadm = 0.3mm
Section depth d = 700 mm
Section width bt = 1000 mm
Minimum cover cmin = 40mm
Bar spacing s = 100 mm
Bar diameter f = 20 mm
Effective depth h = 650 mm
2
Area of steel ( As = 3142 mm
Term) = 6.4516129
Serviceability Limit State(SLS)
Stress Level
Moment of Inertia
of cracked section = bt*xu^3/3+m*As*(d-xu)^2
4
Icr = 6.18E+09 mm
Stresses are calculated for Maximum bending moment
compressive stress =
7.32 < 10.80 MPa Safe
stress in steel ( = m*Ms(d-xu)/Icr
167.02 < 300.00 MPa Safe
Crack width
Maximum crack width
where spacing of
bonded
reinforcement with
in the tension zone <= 5*(C+ф/2)
<= 5*(40+20/2)
<= 250 mm
Case 1: Spacing of bonded

reinforcement with in the
tension zone <= 5*(C+ф/2)
100.00 <= 250
bond propoerties k1 = 0.8 for deformed bars

distribution of strain = 0.5 for bending
Maximum crack spacing Sr,max (3.4c)+(0.425k1k2ф)/ρp.eff Eqn 12.8
= 271 mm
Return Wall -7.0m
Ac,eff effective area of concrete in tension surrounding the reinforcement, of depth

hc,eff, where hceff is lesser of 2.5(h-d), (h-x)/3 or h/2.
hc,eff 125 mm or 185.6 mm or 350 mm
Therefohc,eff 125 mm
Ac,eff = 125000 mm2
ρρ.eff = As/Ac.eff
=
= 0.02513
Case2 :the spacing of bonded reinforcement
or
No bonded reinforcement with in the tension zone > 5*(C+ф/2)
Actual Spacing = 100.00 < 250 mm
Maximum crack spacing Sr,m = 1.3 (d-XU)

= 658.69 mm Not Applicable
Maximum of maximum cracking

spacing Sr,max = 271.46 mm
Factor dependent on the duration of the load (kt)

= 0.5
(εsm-εcm) = (σsc - kt fct.eff/ρρ.eff (1+αeρρ.eff))/Es >=0.6 σsc / Es
=
= 167.02 - 0.50 2.50 x 1.17
0.02513
= 0.0005448 200000
Section in tension, Hence Cracked
>= 0.000501 >=0.6 σsc / Es

(εsm-εcm) = 0.000545
Wk = Sr,max (εsm-εcm)
= 0.148 mm < 0.3 Moderate

Section in tension, Hence Cracked (As per Table 12.1 of IRC-1
Safe

Design Report-RCC Return Wall (7.0m Height)

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Design Report-RCC Return Wall (7.0m Height)

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NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA

Four Laning of Chettikulam (km.7/300) to Natham (Km.36/690) Section

M/s KSHEERAABAD CONSTRUCTIONS

DESIGN OF RETURN WALL (7.0m HEIGHT)

Sl. No Description Unit

1 Safe Bearing Capacity 200 KN / m2

3 Grade of Steel 500

4 Unit weight of Concrete(Dry) 25 KN / m2

5 Unit weight of earth (Dry) 18 KN /m3

6 Live Load Surcharge Pressure 1.20 m ht of earth fill.

7 Co efficient of Friction (cl-706.3.4 of IRC 78-2014 ) 0.50

8 Angle of internal friction, Ф 30 0

9 Angle of Wall friction, δ 20 0

Saturated weight of soil, γ

Calculation of earth pressure coefficient : (Normal Case)

Live load surcharge pressure = Equivalent to 1.2m height of Earth fill

Co-efficient of earth pressure is computed as follows:

Wall angle α = 86.30 0

Angle of internal friction of back fill material φ = 30 0

Angle of wall friction δ = 2/3 φ = 2 x 30

Safe bearing capacity = 200 KN/m3

Substituting these values,

sin2 ( 86.3 + 30 ) cos 20

1400 700 2800

Dimension details of Return wall

250 1325 850 2725

i) Active earth pressure:

Force due to Active earth pressure = 1 0.287 x 20 x 7 x 7 = 140.63 KN

Moment due to active pressure = 140.63 x 0.42 x 7.00 = 413.5 KN.m

ii) Live load surcharge pressure:

Force due to live load surcharge pressure = 0.287 x 20 x 1.2 x 7 = 48.20 KN

Moment due to live load surcharge pressure = 48.20 x 7 = 168.70 KN.m

Total horizontal force = 140.63 + 48.20 = 188.83 KN

Total moment = 413.45 + 168.70 = 582.15 KN.m

Design moment &Shear (Table 3.2 IRC 6-2017)

BM Shear ULS Factor Factored moment Factored Shear

Total 822.62 268.79

Factored Shear force = 268.79 KN

Design of stem : KaH = 0.287

i) Active earth pressure:

Force due to Active earth pressure = 1 0.287 x 20 x 6.4 x 6.4 = 117.56 KN

Moment due to active pressure = 117.56 x 0.42 x 6.40 = 316 KN.m

ii) Live load surcharge pressure:

Total horizontal force = 117.56 + 44.10 = 161.66 KN

Total moment = 316 + 141.12 = 457.12 KN.m

Design moment &Shear (Table 3.2 IRC 6-2014)

BM Shear ULS Factor Factored moment Factored Shear

Total 643.34 229.26

Factored Shear force = 229.26 KN

Uniform section of Stem:

Force due to Active earth pressure = 1 0.287 x 20 x 2.5 x 2.5 = 17.94 KN

Total horizontal force = 17.94 + 17.20 = 35.14 KN

Design moment &Shear (Table 3.2 IRC 6-2014)

BM Shear ULS Factor Factored moment Factored Shear

Total 54.08 47.55

Factored Shear force = 47.55 KN

Design of stem : KaV = 0.104

i) Active earth pressure:

Force due to Active earth pressure = 1 0.104 x 20 x 7 x 7 = 50.96 KN

Moment due to active pressure = 50.96 x 1 x 3.5 = 178.4 KN.m

ii) Live load surcharge pressure:

Force due to live load surcharge pressure = 0.104 x 20 x 1.2 x 7 = 17.50 KN

Total horizontal force = 50.96 + 17.50 = 68.46 KN

Total moment = 178.36 + 61.25 = 239.61 KN.m