Earth Spheres The ocean is one of the main stores
of carbon on Earth. Most of the carbon is obtained
 Lithosphere- The lithosphere is the solid,
outer part of the Earth. The lithosphere
includes the brittle upper portion of
the mantle and the crust, the outermost
layers of Earth’s structure.
 Hydrosphere-
The hydrosphere is the part of a planet
that's made of water. Oceans, rivers, lakes, and
clouds are all typically included.
 Biosphere-
Is the layer of the planet Earth where life
exists. Life on Earth depends on the sun. Energy,
provided as sun light, is captured by plants, some
bacteria and protists, in the marvellous
phenomenon of photosynthesis.
 Atmosphere-
The atmosphere contains all the air in Earth's
system. It extends from less than 1 m below the
planet's surface to more than 10,000 km above the
planet's surface.
Earth system
The term “Earth system" refers to Earth´s
interacting physical, chemical, and biological
processes.
The system consists of the land, oceans,
atmosphere and poles. It includes the planet's
natural cycles.
Earth cycle
Water cycle
Liquid water enters the ocean
through rain, rivers and melting ice. Water
vapour evaporates from the ocean into the
atmosphere to form clouds. Every year,
300,000 cubic of water evaporates into the
atmosphere. Much falls back into the
ocean, but a third of it condenses and falls
onto land as rain and snow.
Carbon cycle
from the atmosphere as carbon dioxide.
Rock cycle
The ocean continually batters the edge of the
land, eroding it, breaking down the rock and transporting
it out to sea.
Physical geography
-also known as geosystems.
one of the two major sub-fields
of geography.
-is the branch of natural science which deals
with the study of processes and patterns in
the natural environment like
the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere,
and geosphere.
Sub-Branches of Physical Geography
Geomorphology
Hydrology
Glaciology
Biogeography
Meteorology
Climatology
Pedology
Oceanography
Envionment
Environment is derived from the French
word “Environ” which means “surrounding”.
Things that is around us. It can be living or non-
living things. It includes physical, chemical and other
natural forces. In the environment there are different
interactions between animals, plants, Insects soil, water,
and other living and non-living things.
3 Components of Environment
Physical
includes soil, water, air, climate, temperature,
light etc. These are also called abiotic constituents of the
environment. This part of the environment mainly
determines the type of the habitat or living conditions of
the human population. It was devided into three parts;
lithosphere, hydrosphere,atmosphere.
Biological
also called biotic component of
environment.
component consists of all living things
like plants, animals and small micro-organisms
like bacteria. This component interacts with the
abiotic component of the environment.
Social
consists of various groups of population
of different living organisms like birds, animals
etc.
Man is the most intelligent living
organism. Like other living creatures, man
builds house, prepares food and releases waste
materials to the environment.
Global warming
global temperatures increase, Earth's
weather patterns will drastically change. While
some areas will experience longer growing
seasons, others will become barren wastelands
as water will deplete in vast areas, turning once
floral regions into deserts.
Ozone Depletion
The ozone layer is renowned for its
ability to absorb harmful UV rays that would
otherwise be detrimental to the health of all
walks of life.

Global change
The effects of human activity on earth.

It is includes changes in many aspects of

globe’s environmental systems, including
climate change.

Causes of global change

1. Over population
2. Pollution
3. Deforestation
4. Mining

Global changes

 Global warming

is arguably the greatest cause of impact to

the environment. The largest of causes
emanating through CO₂ levels from respiration
to more detrimental causes like burning fossil
fuels and deforestation.