BEU 4123 | LAB REPORT 1

Title: Single Phase Half Wave Rectifier

Objective
1. Design and analysis of a single phase uncontrolled rectifier.
2. To understand the simulation procedure of ―Half Wave Rectifier circuit using
Proteus.
3. To understand principal of working of Half Wave Rectifier circuit.
4. To understand the circuit arrangement of Half Wave Rectifier circuit.

Apparatus
Make the circuit for AC-DC converter using the following parts:
1. Proteus 8.6 software
2. Oscilloscope
3. Transformer
4. Diode
5. Ac power supply(VSINE)
6. Inductor
7. Resistor
8. Ac voltmeter

Theory
Rectification is the process of conversion of alternating input voltage to direct output
voltage. In diode rectifiers, the output voltage cannot be controlled. AC-DC converter
(Rectifiers) can be classified as:
- Half wave rectifier HWR
- Full wave rectifier FWR

These can further be classified depending upon the rectifying element being used. If using
diode, are called uncontrolled rectifiers. Whereas if using thyristor, are called controlled
rectifiers. The application of these converts may include the following:
→ Variable speed dc drives,
→ Battery chargers,
 → DC power supplies and Power supply for a specific application like laser sources,
electronic sets.

Single-Phase HW Uncontrolled Rectifier

The simplest type of uncontrolled rectifiers is HWR is never used industrial applications
because of its poor performance. In a single phase, half wave rectifier SPHWR, for one cycle
of supply voltage, there is one-half cycle of output. The load on the output side of rectifier
may be resistive load (R), or inductive load (R+L). The free-wheel diode connected across the
inductive load on the output side of rectifier.

-Operation with resistive load

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The circuit diagram and the input and output waveforms is shown in Fig(1). At 0<ωt< π
diode is forward biased and output voltage Vo is source voltage Vs. Where Vs = Vm sinωt,
and load current is io =Vo/R. At π<ωt<2π diode is reverse biased and output voltage Vo =
zero and load current is io =0.
For R load the output current waveform same the output voltage waveforms. The average
output voltage is Vm/π, and RMS value of output voltage is equal to Vm/2. Peak inverse
voltage PIV = Vm.

-Operation with inductive load

As shown in Fig.(2), after the end of the positive half cycle , the current continuous to flow
due to the inductive voltage (Ldi/dt), and load experience the negative voltage of the
source. The diode ceases conduction when inductance current attempt IL to reverse at ωt=
and voltage source appear as reverse bias across diode D. then:

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 BEU 4123 | LAB REPORT 1

Procedure
1. We build the single phase half wave rectifier circuit using Proteus software.
2. We add the oscilloscope and voltmeter to find the value of volt and the sine wave.
3. We screenshot the input and output waveforms.
4. Turn off the simulation.
5. We add the inductive load on the output as shown in Fig(2). With L=10mH measure
the output voltage and plot the output waveform.
6. Step 5 has been repeated with L=100mH, 500mH measure the output voltage and
plot the output waveforms.
7. Step 5 & 6 has been repeated by connecting the freewheeling diode across the load.

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Result
Half wave rectifier

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Inductor 10mH

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100mH

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500mH

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INDUCTOR 10MH + FREEWHEELING DIODE

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INDUCTOR 100MH + FREEWHEELING DIODE

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INDUCTOR 500MH + FREEWHEELING DIODE

1. Compare between the simulation and theoretical results for input and output
voltages.

- Input
A rectifier is a circuit which converts the Alternating Current (AC) input power into a Direct
Current (DC) output power. The input power supply may be either a single-phase or a multi-
phase supply with the simplest of all the rectifier circuits being that of the Half Wave
Rectifier.
The power diode in a half wave rectifier circuit passes just one half of each complete sine
wave of the AC supply in order to convert it into a DC supply. Then this type of circuit is
called a “half-wave” rectifier because it passes only half of the incoming AC power supply as
shown below.

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- Output
During the rectification process the resultant output DC voltage and current are therefore
both “ON” and “OFF” during every cycle. As the voltage across the load resistor is only
present during the positive half of the cycle (50% of the input waveform), this results in a
low average DC value being supplied to the load.
The variation of the rectified output waveform between this “ON” and “OFF” condition
produces a waveform which has large amounts of “ripple” which is an undesirable feature.
The resultant DC ripple has a frequency that is equal to that of the AC supply frequency.

2. What design parameters of the half wave single-phase rectifier?

During the positive half cycle the diode is under forward bias condition and it conducts
current to RL (Load resistance). A voltage is developed across the load, which is same as the
input AC signal of the positive half cycle.

During reverse biased condition, the diode has to withstand because of its
maximum voltage. During negative half cycle, no current flows through the load. So, an
entire voltage appears across the diode because there is no-voltage drop through load
resistance.

Discussion

From the experiment, we can said that half wave rectifier is a type of rectifier which
converts the positive half cycle of the input signal into pulsating DC output signal. In half-
wave rectification of a single-phase supply, either the positive or negative half of the AC
wave is passed, while the other half is blocked. This can be proven by looking at the graph
that had been obtained above. It shows that the waveform is turning from the an
alternating current to a pulsating direct current this is called the half wave rectifier as based
from the origin, we only used a single diode to construct it. In additional, we also measured
the amount of output voltage. We found that the output voltage measured is the same
whenever we change the value of inductor. The output voltage was measured by using AC
voltmeter meanwhile the wave plotted had been obtained from adding oscilloscope into the
circuit. The circuit had been placed by connecting the port A to measured the input
waveform and the channel C was used to measured the output waveform obtained from the
circuit

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Conclusion

By using Proteus we can understand working of half wave rectifier. During the negative half
cycles of the input ac voltage, diode acts as open switch. Thus for the negative half cycles no
power is delivered to the load. The input voltage during the positive half-cycles is directly
applied to the load resistance and waveforms appears across diode.

Reference
1. Lecture Power Point & Note
2. https://youtu.be/c4OxMN-At-Y
3. https://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/diode/diode_5.html
4. https://www.elprocus.com/half-wave-rectifier-circuit-working-principle-and-
characteristics-2/
5. https://www.electronics-notes.com/articles/analogue_circuits/diode-rectifiers/half-
wave-rectifier-circuits.php

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