A

REPORT

ON

TO STUDY THE IMPACT OF POTHOLES ON THE CITIZENS

SUBMITTED BY:-

PRAJAKTA KHATAVKAR(MBA-1)

Roll No-2K181150

SUBMITTED TO:-

PROF.MIHIKA KULKARNI

Smt. Hiraben Nanavati Institute of Management And Research For Women,

Karvenagar,Pune

In the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the subject BUSINESS

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

BATCH 2018 – 2020

 TEAM MEMBERS

1)Gauri Bhise 2k181123

2)Aishwarya Borkar 2k181125
3)Shubhangi Chavan 2k181127
4)Shraddha Gokhle 2k181137
5)Utkarsha Jadhav 2k181139
6)Prajakta Kadam 2k181142
7)Prajakta Khatavkar 2k181150
8)Swati Sangrampatle 2k181164
9)Ekta Sayre 2k181165
10)Supriya Sonkusare 2k181173
11)Vinaya Sudake 2k181174
12)Srushti Vispute 2k181178
 INDEX

Sr.No Topic
1 Introduction to Topic

2 Literature Review

3 Objective and Scope

4 Research Methodology

5 Data Analysis

6 Findings and Observations

7 Recommendations

8 Limitations

9 Contribution to the Society

10 Conclusion

11 Reference
 INTRODUCTION

Development of potholes on Indian roads and streets is a very common phenomenon.

Potholes are one of the public’s main local concerns, as they are highly visible defects.
Many perceive that the quality of local roads may be deteriorating, with potholes being one
of the main causes. Therefore it is a need to carry out timely inspection and maintenance of
potholes to avoid inconvenience to road users.
Congested roads, high traffic, and pothole problems are major concerns for any
modern city planning. Since roads indirectly contribute to the economic growth of the
country it is extremely essential that the roads are well laid out and strong. India is a
developing nation, there is a constant demand for good quality infrastructure, transportation
and services. But since India is a huge country with quite a sizable population this problem
still has not been addressed in totality.
A pothole is defined as a bowl shaped depression in the pavement surface and it’s
minimum plan dissension is 150 mm.Water is the primary cause of potholes, it can be
caused by diesel spillages, mechanical damage by vehicle rims, accidents and fires,
byfalling rocks in cuttings, animal hooves on road surfaces in hot weather, poor road design
over certain subgrades such as expansive,collapsible and dispersive soils. Even the little
deformation is observed near the pothole, the cause is more likely to be the entry of water
through surficial cracks in the road pavement.
There are internal causes of potholes such as the degradation and responsiveness or
durability of the pavement material itself to climate change,such as heavy rainfall and
external causes such as lack of quality management and construction management.
Potholes refer to any type of road surface distress on an asphalt pavement that is
more than 150mm in diameter .Potholes are induced by the combined pretense of water in
the as phot soil structure.The actual location of potholes within the road carriageway can be
a useful indication of the origin or cause of the pothole.
 LITERATURE REVIEW

Sr.No. Title Author Year Observation

1. A Study On N.Naveen, 1 February The development of

Potholes and Its S.Mallesh 2018 potholes in roads has been
Effects on Yadav, accelerated considerably
Vehicular A.Sontosh ,due to heavy rains. Many
Traffic. Kumar researchers have revealed
different methods to detect
potholes and pavement
quality. Various causes of
typical potholes and their
repair methods were
discussed. Potholes in the
selected area were studied
related to traffic and
accident issues.
 OBJECTIVE AND SCOPE

OBJECTIVE:

• To understand the preception of the citizens towards potholes.

• To find out whether potholes causes accident.
• To understand the impact of potholes on health and the citizens.
• To understand the stress level of people due to potholes.
• To identify the traffic problem if any due to potholes.

SCOPE:

• The groups covered are all the females of any age rannge who drive near the
karvenagar area.
• Focusing Area is HNIMR Students Female only.
• Targeted people are femals who have vehicles.
• People who drive near around karvenagar,Hnimr,warje.
 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

The aim of the research was the impact of potholes near Karvenagar area. The goal was to
identify the reason of potholes in area and what problems are people facing due to potholes.
Although the focus of this paper was on the problem of the citizen of Karvenagar and near
Karvenagar. We recruited 50 respondents from karvenagar, near karvenagar and HNIMR
students.
Data collection procedures were reviewed individually to ensure the reliability of data.
The recruitment process began with the help of Google Form. Following consent, eligibility
was determined according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria and initial screening data
were collected. Participant were included if they fir in the criteria. Participant were
excluded if they are not having vehicle.
The data for study of different roads is collected. The traffic congestion caused by potholes
may lead to Wastage of fuel and increasing air pollution, releasing of CO (carbon
monoxide) and other pollutant by congested car account for environmental and health
problem which range from nose running to global warming. Wear and tear on vehicles
because of idling in traffic and frequent acceleration and braking, leading to more frequent
repairs and replacements. Frustration that comes from slow, stop and go condition of the
traffic congestion cause discomfort and weakness of Vehicular. Ministry of Road Transport
and Highways said that many numbers of people were killed due to potholes.
The following sections are selected after visual examination:
1.Erandwane
2.Kothrud
3.Warje
4.HNIMR Campus
Once the roads are selected after visual examination, we did identification of cause of
occurrence of pothole.
 DATA ANALYSIS

The research was conducted by an Application as Goggle Form wherein large amount
of Data Analysis can be taken place and is easy to evaluate and find out the Percentage of
Results through Graph, Pie-Chart.
This software program was chosen for the project because of its capacity to handle
large data sets among a team. The program includes a document system for interview data
where in several options can be chosen as answers. The application is used to categorize
data gleaned from the document system and to specify relationships between answers.
A document for each respondent was created including a transcribed interview, the
data collector’s observation’s and related field notes, demographic data, the interviewer’s
name, and the data collection site. All documents were read and reread by each member of
the research team as they were created. Patterns or temporary categories emerged from the
data rather than being imposed from a preconceived framework.
The team discussed the parameters and developed definitions and rules for
categorizing the data until an exhaustive classification scheme or framework developed. The
framework forms the basis of this data analysis.
 FINDINGS AND OBSERVATION

The participants screened for the survey included 50 respondents from local areas
namely: Kothrud, Warje, HNIMR Locality,Erandwane.

The observations were:

 Most of the females prefer two wheeler vehicles than four wheeler vehicles for daily
transportation.
 The number of potholes are increasing leading to accidents and bad impact on health.
 Potholes also cause damage to vehicles such as punctures, break loose and other
damages.
 Accidents, increased stress level, back pain are several other impact of potholes.
 Citizens would like to give suggestions to Government for the bad conditions of
roads and its adverse effect.
 RECOMMENDATIONS

The most effective way to deal with potholes is to prevent them from happening in the
first place and endeavour, where possible, to exercise the rule that prevention is better
than cure.
Improving and enhancing the drainage system of roads; the surface water from the
carriageway should effectively be drained off without allowing it to percolate to
subgrade. The side drain should be sufficient enough to carry away all the surface water
collected. Use of surface dressing must be increased as regeneration process.The surface
dressing must be done after proper cleaning of the existing bituminous surface so that the
bond between the layers is effective.

• Recommendations can be using cognitive behavioral theory to help teen

recognize and change negative patterns of thinking.

• Compulsory road survey of state and national highways every two months ,
reporting any damages immediately and rectifying the same within a month

• Road projects to be given only to well known Infra companies, and be held
responsible for certain minimum life of these roads

• Every road Project to have a sacrosanct deadline, with heavy penalties for non
performance

• Use the latest polymer and concrete technologies as appropriate depending on

terrain and weather, which may be costly initially but lower maintenance costs and
longer life

• Enforce and check overloading of trucks, which damages the roads and reduces
the life of roads

• Plan better roads, truck bays, parking for trucks before Toll Plazas or Octroi Posts
so that heavy vehicles like trucks, buses do no spill over the roads blocking
highways by hap hazard parkings
 LIMITATIONS

• Stress may influence applicants performance.

• May be difficult to confirm. Authenticity.
• Difficulty to confirm validity
• Small undulations,imperfections on seemingly well laid roads where you need to
brake suddenly while cruising at a speed of 80+ , thus wasting precious fuel.
• Potholes,rather Martian craters necessiating deliberat slowdowns,trying to find to
drive on,at roads.
• Lack of Road sense and feeling of entitlement ,playing in the middle of two lanes
road holding up traffic,and upon asking for side,get a glare back.
• Wrong lane drive due to :
Missing U turns near a habitation.
Missing exits necessitating either long drives for exits or drive in wrong lanes.
Bad road conditions.Lack of sufficient signage well before the exits.
 CONTRIBUTION TO SOCIETY

Bearing in mind the limitations of this research the group studied the topic
thoroughly to find below contributions subject made to society.

 Made people aware of the fact that potholes are dangerous for daily life.
 Cautioned human being about their safety majors regarding the road problems.
 Increased awareness among people about health issues and increasing accidents.
 Raising voice against the increasing number of potholes on road and complaining
it to the minister.
 Every individual should work together to minimize the increasing number of
potholes.
 If we found cheap materials are used for construction of road then we should take
immediate action about it.
 CONCLUSION

This survey shows that potholes are the main reason for increasing stress level among the
people,also it is the reason for increasing accidents.So that,When safe to do so, stop and
check your wheels and tyres after hitting a pothole.Protect yourself and your vehicle by
keeping an eye out for potholes, particularly in wet weather when deep potholes may be
hidden beneath puddles.Be aware of other traffic or pedestrians on the road before
changing course to avoid a pothole.Striking potholes at higher speeds can cause more
damage to your vehicle,so control your speed while driving.If you must drive over a
pothole, allow the wheel to roll freely into the hole.If you have hit a pothole and suspect
your vehicle has sustained damage, we recommend you get the vehicle checked out by
your local garage. Verify if there could be any other issues as problems with tracking and
wheel alignment, tyres or suspension.
 REFERENCES

[1] Manual of Potholes by IRC, 2017

[2] Potholes: Technical guide to their causes, identification and repair by CRRI
[3] IRC: 116 „Specifications for Readymade Bituminous Pothole Patching Mix Using Cut-back Bitumen‟
[4] N. Naveen,S.Mallesh Yadav, A.SontoshKumar”A Study on Potholes and its Effects on
VehicularTraffic”ISSN: 2320-2882, http://www.ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT1872037.pdf