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World Tipiṭaka
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Pāḷitepiṭaka
World Edition
Tai Lü Script-Pāḷi
Pāḷi Tipiṭaka rthography based on

The Chulachomklao of Syām BE 24 6 Edition
40 Vols.
(i)
BENEDICTION
by
His Holiness Somdet Phra Ñāṇasaṁvara
The Supreme Patriarch of Thailand
Patron of
The World Tipiṭaka Project
The M.L. Maniratana Bunnag Dhamma Society Fund
Major Suradhaj Bunnag, my ordainee saddhivihārika, who was ordained as a

Buddhist monk under royal patronage, and who is the Chancellor of the M.L. Maniratana
Bunnag Dhamma Society Fund under the Patronage of His Holiness the Supreme Patriarch
of Thailand, has informed me that he will publish the complete Pāḷi-language Tipiṭaka of
the Great International Council Buddhist Era 2500 (1956) in Roman script, for the first
time in Thailand. This Pāḷi Tipiṭaka has been meticulously edited by 2,500 Buddhist
monks of the highest scholastic repute in the Theravāda tradition from around the world.
The Romanised script edition of the Pāḷi Tipiṭaka, comprising 1,000 complete sets each
containing 40 volumes, will be presented as gifts of Dhamma to major international
institutions all over the world.
(ii)
I thereby designate this commemorative Pāḷi Tipiṭaka edition

in Pāḷi :
Mahāsaṅgīti Tipiṭaka Buddhavasse 2500
and in English :
The Buddhist Era 2500 Great International Council Pāḷi Tipiṭaka
The Pāḷi Tipiṭaka is the Holy Teachings of the Buddha, the Teacher of man and
divine beings. The Pāḷi Tipiṭaka falls into three divisions1, namely, Vinayapiṭaka, the Book
on the Disciplines; Suttantapiṭaka, the Book on the Discourses; and Abhidhammapiṭaka,
the Book on the Ultimate Realities. It comprises 84,000 Dhammakhandhas, or Dhamma
sections.
As He approached Parinibbāna, the Buddha uttered:
216 484...yo vo, ānanda, mayā dhammo ca vinayo ca desito

paññatto, so vo mamaccayena satthā...
7D2:484 BY - NC - ND
Ānanda, the Dhamma (Doctrine) which I have expounded and the

Vinaya (Discipline) which I have established for you all, the Dhamma
and the Vinaya will be your Teacher after I am gone...
Translation from The World Tipiṭaka Edition M2500: 7D2:4843
1
In the World Tipiṭaka Edition, the entire Pāḷi Tipiṭaka is divided into 86 Pāḷi sections according to 86
Pāḷi Titles of the Buddhist Era 2500 (1957) Great International Council Pāḷi Tipiṭaka. See Quick Guide.
2
See Dīghanikāya, Vol. 7, Book Division No. 216 of the Mahāsaṅgīti Tipiṭaka Edition of the Buddhist
Era 2500 Great International Council Pāḷi Tipiṭaka, published by the Dhamma Society in Roman script
in B.E. 2545, and is referred in the new system of Tipiṭaka Studies Reference in this edition as M2500:
7D2.216, the Paragraph Number 484 is used instead of the Book Division Number 216.
3
See footnote 2
(iii)
Consequently, five hundred Arahanta Elders, who were all led by Venerable
Mahākassapa Arahanta held the First Great Council for compilation of the Buddha’s
words in the Tipiṭaka at the city of Rājagaha in ancient India. The gathering of the
arahantas at the First Great Council is called in Pāḷi as Paṭhamamahāsaṅgīti. Thereafter
there were Great Councils with a view to perpetuate the Teachings of the Buddha.
Buddhists all over the world regard the Pāḷi Tipiṭaka as the Buddha Himself. Hence,
the compilation of the Buddha’s words and the propagation of the Pāḷi Tipiṭaka are
profound meritorious acts.
Thailand’s friendly Buddhist countries including Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Cambodia,

and Laos which profess Theravāda Buddhasāsana held, during Buddhist Era 2497-2499
(1953-1955), in Yangon, the Great Council of the Buddha’s Teaching. The Buddhist
monks who were well-versed in the Pāḷi Tipiṭaka were invited from all over the world
to edit and verify the Pāḷi Tipiṭaka.
With the approval of the Ecclesiastical Council under the auspices of the Royal
Thai Government, a group of Buddhist monks from Thailand including myself took part
in this Great Council. Their Majesties the King and Queen of Thailand made a State
Visit to Yangon, Myanmar, in Buddhist Era 2503 (1960), and offered their royal support
to the Great International Council along with the Heads of State of other countries. In
Their Majesties’ offcial suite, was included Thanphuying M.L. Maniratana Bunnag,
Her Majesty the Queen’s Lady-in-Waiting.
With the completion of the Romanization of the Buddhist Era 2500 Great
International Council Pāḷi Tipiṭaka Edition, Thanphuying M.L. Maniratana Bunnag
expressed her deepest appreciation and acted as leader in organizing the Romanised
edition to be published and propagated all over the world in commemoration on the
auspicious 72nd Royal Anniversary Birth of His Majesty the King, the Buddhist Sovereign
Monarch of the Thai Nation, in Buddhist Era 2542 (1999).
(iv)
I would, therefore, like to offer commendation for this profound meritorious act.
May happiness and peace pervade the whole universe through the omnipotent power
of the Buddha, the Dhamma and the Saṁgha, through the omnipotent power of the
Pāḷi Tipiṭaka with 84,000 Dhammakhandhas, through the omnipotent power of Phra
Syāmadevādhirāja, the Guardian Deity of Siam, and through the omnipotent power of
the highest god brahma and deities of the whole universe. May Their Majesties, King
Bhumibol Adulyadej the Great Dhamma Protector and Queen Sirikit of Thailand, who
are both endowed with benevolent and excellent qualities and ever-firmly devoted to
Buddhasāsana, and all the members of royal lineage, be blessed with longevity, happiness
and peace.
May the highest brahma gods and deities, as well as human and all beings,
joyously celebrate and bless those who have piously donated money and kind toward this
profound meritorious act of preparation the complete Pāḷi Tipiṭaka Edition in Roman
Script4 published in the Kingdom of Thailand, the first of its kind in the world, for their
happiness and prosperity, now and always.
His Holiness Somdet Phra Ñāṇasaṁvara

20 October Buddhist Era 2542 (1999),

amended, 25 January Buddhist Era 2545 (2002)
Bovornives Vihāra, Bangkok.
4
The first three inaugural sets were graciously presented as gifts of Dhamma in 2005 by Her Royal Highness
Princess Galyani Vadhana Krom Luang Naradhiwas Rajanagarindra, the Royal Matriarch of Thailand,
to the President of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka in Colombo, Vice Chancellor of
Uppsala University in Uppsala, Kingdom of Sweden, and President of the Constitutional Court of the
Kingdom of Thailand in Bangkok.
See Royal Message of the Tipiṭaka Presentation in Tipiṭaka Studies Reference 2007.
(vii)
DHAMMA SOCIETY
The M.L. Maniratana Bunnag Dhamma Society Fund
Under the Patronage of His Holiness Somdet Phra Ñāṇasaṁvara
INTRODUCTION
The Importance of the Tipiṭaka in Buddhasāsana

by
Venerable Phra Dhammapiṭaka
(P. A. Payutto)
The term Buddhasāsana or Buddhism is generally used to convey a wide variety

of meanings ranging from the Dhamma, the Saṁgha, their organizations and activities, to
all religious sites and objects. However, if we examine the term to penetrate to its core,
the meaning of Buddhasāsana is straightforward —its literal reading, “the Teachings of
the Buddha,” which is the essence of Buddhasāsana; everything else is an extension or
out growth of His Teachings1.
1
In the World Tipiṭaka Edition, the entire Pāḷi Tipiṭaka is devided into 86 sections of Pāḷi according to
the Pāḷi Titles of the Buddhist Era Great International Council Pāḷi Tipiṭaka. See Quick Guide
(viii)
Once we have grasped the true meaning of the term, we will realize that the
continuation of Buddhasāsana means the existence of the Buddha’s Teachings. Were
they to become vague or disappear, no matter how numerous are devotees and activities
or how imposing religious institutions and objects are, it could not be said that
Buddhasāsana exists. On the contrary, should those extraneous tangibles disintegrate
while the Teachings of the Buddha remain, people can still have an opportunity to
know Buddhasāsana. Consequently, Buddhasāsana can truly be upheld through the
preservation of the Buddha’s Teachings.
Dhamma and Vinaya : Embodiment and Abode of the Buddha
Buddhasāsana or the Teachings of the Buddha refer to the words of the Buddha, or
His speech. Therefore, the preservation of Buddhasāsana is essentially the preservation of
the words that the Buddha uttered in His sermons and the Discipline He laid down.
All Buddhists are well aware that the Dhamma and the Vinaya represent the
Buddha, for the Buddha Himself said:
216 484...Yo vo, ānanda, mayā dhammo ca vinayo ca desito

paññatto, so vo mamaccayena satthā...
7D2:484 BY - NC - ND
Ānanda, the Dhamma (Doctrine) which I have expounded and the

Vinaya (Discipline) which I have established for you all, the Dhamma
and the Vinaya will be your Teacher after I am gone...
Translation from The World Tipiṭaka Edition M2500: 7D2:484
2
See Dīghanikāya, Vol. 7, Book Division No. 216 of the Mahāsaṅgīti Tipiṭaka Edition of the Buddhist
Era 2500 Great International Council Pāḷi Tipiṭaka, published by the Dhamma Society in Roman script
since B.E. 2545, and is referred in the new system of Tipiṭaka Reference in this edition as M2500:
7D2.216, the Paragraph Number 484 is used instead of the Book Division Number 216.
(ix)
Buddha’s words are, therefore, both the embodiment and abode of the Teacher
as they uphold and proclaim the Dhamma and the Vinaya for Him.
Thus, it is most vital to preserve the Buddha’s words, the key to the continuation
of Buddhasāsana. Attempts to preserve them have been made since the Buddha’s lifetime,
while the Teacher was still alive.
Saṅgīti : Preservation of the Buddha’s Words
The procedure is to collect all the words that the Buddha had uttered in the
course of His teaching and divide them into sections for easy recollection. Those who
took part would go over them thoroughly with questions and answers for the purpose of
clarification until they reached full agreement. Participants would then chant the words
together to vouchsafe their acknowledgement and establish the words thus gathered
as the standard of reference to be committed to memory and handed down to future
generations. This method is called Saṅgīti, which literally means “chanting together”.
This manner of Saṅgīti, or chanting together, was set as a precedent in the

Buddha’s lifetime by Venerable Sāriputta, the chief disciple of the Buddha. Before
the Buddha and the gathering of monks, Venerable Sāriputta collected the words of
the Teacher together and arranged them on the basis of the number of items in their
composition into groups of one to groups of ten as they now appear in the Saṅgītisutta.
When the disciple finished his recitation, the Buddha gave an exclamation of approval.
The First Great Tipiṭaka Council of the Buddhist Era, B.E. 1
Later, almost immediately after the Buddha passed into Parinibbāna3, the greatest
and most important Saṅgīti took place4. Seven days after the death of the Teacher,
the Venerable Mahākassapa asked the monks to assemble for a Saṅgīti. When they all
agreed, preparations were made and the First Saṅgīti was held at Rājagaha only three
months after the Passing Away of the Teacher.
3
The Passing Away of the Buddha the year of which the Buddhist Era was first established.
4
Cūḷavagga Vinayapiṭaka, Mahāsaṅgīti Tipiṭaka Buddhavasse 2500 Vol. 4, No. 437, M2500: 4V4.437
(x)
The gathering of the Buddha’s words at this great assembly was done in this
manner. The five hundred Arahants who had come in time to attend the last sermon
of the Buddha met together and chose those who could recall accurately the Buddha’s
words in each area. The Venerable Upāli5 was chosen for the Discipline; the Venerable
Ānanda6, for the Teachings. Then those who were well versed in the area would recite the
words of the Teacher to the assembly. The Venerable Mahākassapa, who presided over
the meeting, laid down the rules for presentation by grouping and sequencing questions
to be asked; that is, it was done systematically.
Had the recitation of the Buddha’s words, together with their context, taken
place in the Buddha’s lifetime, He would have endorsed them Himself. However, since
the First Saṅgīti took place after the Teacher had passed away, the burden fell on the
Arahants who had arrived in time to see the Teacher and listen to His final sermon to
ensure their accuracy by means of catechism. When consensus was reached, the assembly
chanted the words together and committed them to memory to be passed on. Thus the
tradition was established.
The First Saṅgīti is the most important as the Teacher’s words that were compiled
and memorized then were to be the standard. What remains to be done is to keep the
collection of the Buddha’s words, the results of the First Saṅgīti, intact in its entirety.
Consequently, since then emphasis has been put on recitation as a means of preserving
the Buddha’s words and the monks who were entrusted with their preservation were
allotted sections to memorize.
This implies that the First Saṅgīti is the only one true to the meaning of Saṅgīti
-- the sense of compiling and chanting together the words of the Buddha. Subsequent
Saṅgītis were only meetings where monks who had committed the Buddha’s words to
memory convened to cross-examine one another to ensure that the collection of the
Teacher’s words from the First Saṅgīti was still intact and free from any interpolation.
5
6
(xi)
Saṅgīti and Tipiṭaka : Principles of Theravāda Buddhasāsana
The words of the Buddha and their context preserved through memorization were
arranged and classified into what is called the Tipiṭaka, comprising the Vinayapiṭaka7
(Book of Discipline), the Suttantapiṭaka8 (Book of Sermons), and the Abhidhammapiṭaka9
(Book of the Higher Teaching).
Later on, the preservation of the Buddha’s words meant taking on the burden
of excluding interpolations of extraneous teachings and practices. It, therefore, had
the additional task of maintaining the Buddha’s words as the standard against which
instructions and practices were examined. The term Saṅgīti has thus extended its meaning
to cover the purging of extraneous instructions and practices.
Moreover, after some time, certain people took the extended meaning as central
to the Saṅgīti to the extent that its true meaning fell into oblivion. At present, some
people have gone so far as to mistakenly believe that participants of the Saṅgīti have
assembled to examine the Teachings in the Tipiṭaka regarding right and wrong views or
concepts. This amounts to ruling that the teachings of the Buddha here and there are
right or wrong and to setting about to rectify them, while the real import of Saṅgīti is
to verify that the words of the Teacher have been preserved intact in their entirety. It
is, therefore, imperative in this present age to place emphasis on the true meaning of
the term Saṅgīti so that it can be distinguished from other meanings that have accrued.
The history of Saṅgīti in its true though extended meaning of an assembly to go

over the words of the Buddha and cross-examine them to ensure that they have remained
pure, unaltered and intact can be divided into two periods. In the first, the work was
done orally, known as “mukhapāṭha”; in the second, it was put down in writing, known
as “potthakāropana”.
7
See in this 40-Volume Mahāsaṅgīti Tipiṭaka Buddhavasse 2500 “The World Tipiṭaka Edition” or The
World Tipiṭaka, Volume 1-5 or M2500 Vol. 1-5
8
M2500 Vol. 6-28
9
M2500 Vol. 29-40
(xii)
Mukhapāṭha : First Period of Tipiṭaka Transmission, before B.E. 460
This period lasted for about 460 years from the Buddha’s lifetime. The monks
memorized the Teacher’s words through recitation called mukhapāṭha, which simply
means “by word of mouth,” that is, study-memorize-impart orally. This method meant
that preservation was entrusted to individuals. What is good about this is that the
Saṁgha realized how vital it was to preserve the Buddha’s words. They, therefore,
could not afford to be remiss and thus carefully committed the words to memory in
their entirety. To them, preservation of the Buddha’s words was of utmost importance
in upholding Buddhasāsana.
Preservation by mukhapāṭha was carried out through recitation, which could

be classified into four levels:
1. The responsibility fell on the majority of monks who followed along the lines
of teachers of old, called Ācariyaparamparā or Theravaṁsa10, established by
senior monks who were present at the First Saṅgīti. For instance, the Venerable
Upāli, who excelled in the Discipline, had undertaken the task of preserving and
explaining the words of the Buddha in that section and of handing them down.
2. The study of the Buddha’s words was the main activity in the life of a monk,
for it served as a basis for right practices, which led to insight. Specialization,
however, depended on individual dispositions. Therefore, there were groups of
monks who were experts in different sections of the Pāḷi Tipiṭaka. For example,
some specialized in Dīghanikāya11, the Collection of Long Discourses, as well as
its commentary or Aṭṭhakathā, and were called Dīghabhāṇaka12 or chanters of
Long Discourses. Likewise, there were Majjhimabhāṇaka, chanters of Middle-
length Discourses; Saṁyuttabhāṇaka, chanters of Connected Discourses;
Aṅguttarabhāṇaka, chanters of the Collection of Numerical Sayings; and
Khuddakabhāṇaka, chanters of the Various Collections.
10
Ācariyavaṁsa, Ācariyavāda M2500: 28Mi.132/7
Ācariyaparamparā, Theraparamparā, Vaṁsaparamparā M2500: 1V.A.45
11
See for example Dīghanikāya Suttantapiṭaka, Mahāsaṅgīti Tipiṭaka, Vol. 6-8, M2500: 6D1, 7D2, 8D3
12
See also the commentary
(xiii)
3. It was a routine in a temple for each group to meet and recite the Buddha’s
words in unison. (This practice may have given rise to the routine of morning-
evening chanting of today.)
4. It was the practice of a monk as stated in an Aṭṭhakathā or Commentary that

whoever was free from other activities should sit reciting the Buddha’s words.
This meant that reciting the words of the Teacher was part of his religious
practice.
Saṁgha and Tisikkhā : Buddhist Monks and Tipiṭaka Studies
As Buddhist monks lived in a community called Saṁgha, regulated by the

Discipline to proceed along the course of Tisikkhā or threefold learning and practice13,
every one of them fully realized that the Buddha’s words in the Tipiṭaka were the
essence of Buddhasāsana and had to be kept whole and pure. The recitation to preserve
them, the studious atmosphere in imparting and seeking knowledge, and the question
and answer sessions for clarification that would lead to proper practice all ensured that
revision and verification were carried out normally, continuously.
That this method has preserved the Buddha’s words intact in their entirety has
been fully attested. Words on the same topic repeated four or five times under different
headings or sections that were entrusted to different groups of experts are generally
identical in expression. This also proves how accurately monks in the past memorized
the Buddha’s words. Moreover, the number of words each committed to memory was
astronomical. Instances of this can still be found at present. In Myanmar several monks
who have been appointed Tipiṭakadhara, or bearer of the Tipiṭaka, are able to recite
the entire Pāḷi Tipiṭaka (This totaled to 2,708,706 words in Pāḷi or 20,606,104 letters
in Roman script).
13
Tisso sikkhā— abhisīlasikkhā, adhicittasikkhā, adhipaññāsikkhā M2500: 1V1.45 – Three fold learning
and practice namely, learning and practice in higher morality, learning and practice in higher mentality,
learning and practice in higher wisdom.
(xiv)
Potthakāropana : Second Period of Tipiṭaka Transmission, after B.E. 460
This refers to the period when all of the Buddha’s words and their context in
the Pāḷi Tipiṭaka were put down in writing; in other words, they were preserved with
external objects. It began about 460 B.E. (83 B.C.), when the Fourth Saṅgīti was held
at Aluvihare in old Sri Lanka.14
The Fourth Saṅgīti took place because of concern over political and environmental
changes at that time. There were misgivings, that they would affect the task of committing
the Buddha’s words to memory and handing them down. It was also foreseen that future
generations would regress in terms of concentration and intelligence. For instance, their
will and faith would be so weakened that they would be unable to preserve the Buddha’s
words by word of mouth. It was, therefore, decided to inscribe the Pāḷi Tipiṭaka on ola
leaves.
In one way, preservation in writing seems to assure stability and permanency;

that is to say, the text would remain as it is until the material used rots away or is
destroyed. However, this method has a weakness. It makes people overconfident, resting
assured that the Pāḷi Tipiṭaka is in ola leaves or books. They then become slack in their
attention to the recitation, revision, and study of the text, and perhaps reaching the
point of negligence.
Furthermore, the writing of texts in the old days depended on scribes. Whenever
texts were copied, errors and omissions were bound to occur. Thus, not only letters
may have been omitted from words but whole words or lines may have disappeared.
Sometimes those who were to preserve the text themselves were not skillful in inscription
and so had to have the work done by other scribes. Some of these men might have been
inept in Pāḷi and the Buddha’s words or ignorant of both. If that was the case, chances
of their making mistakes were even greater. Slips of this type were common knowledge
in Thai society in the old days regarding the copying of medicinal formulas. Thus, we
have a common saying: “taking medicine from the third copy means death.”
14
The Mahāvaṁsa, section 33.99
(xv)
Consequently, when preservation of the Pāḷi Tipiṭaka relies on outside materials,

not individuals, it is crucial to have a common authoritative volume that has been
carefully written and edited. This volume should be kept at a center somewhere to serve
as the pillar for the Saṁgha and for the country.
It so happens that in an age when the Buddha’s words have been preserved in
writing, Buddhasāsana has flourished and become a national faith of several countries.
Each has established its own copy of the Pāḷi Tipiṭaka that is the pillar of the country.
Measures have been taken to assure that the text remains intact and free from impurities.
For example, in this region a Saṅgīti was convened by King Tilakarāja of Lanna15 and
another one was held in the reign of King Buddha Yod Fah the Great16 of the Ratanakosin
period.
Though more than a thousand years have elapsed, comparison of the Pāḷi
Tipiṭaka of Buddhist countries has revealed that they agree on the whole with some
differences in script. Considering the length of the text, the discrepancies are negligible.
This shows that the text has been accurately maintained with full understanding of its
great import.
Chaṭṭhasaṅgīti : The Buddhist Era 2500 Great International Council
When Buddhasāsana reached the twenty-fifth century of the Buddhist Era,

Theravāda Buddhist countries all prepared grand celebrations. The First International
Saṅgīti was convened in Myanmar from B.E. 2496 to 2500 (C.E. 1952 - 1956). Buddhist
monks and scholars from every country that embraces the Theravāda tradition of
Buddhasāsana and countries where Buddhasāsana is taught assembled in Myanmar to
go over the text of the Pāḷi Tipiṭaka prepared by the Burmese together with versions in
different scripts from other countries. This convocation is referred to as Chaṭṭhasaṅgīti,
the Sixth Saṅgīti, and recognized by all Buddhist countries.
15
B.E. 2020 (1477) Present-day Lanna is in Northern Thailand.
16
B.E. 2331 (1788) Founder of Bangkok and the Present Royal House of Chakri.
(xvi)
However, soon after the Chaṭṭhasaṅgīti was over, there occurred turmoil and
political changes in Myanmar. This may have been the reason why the preservation
and printing of the Pāḷi Tipiṭaka of the Chaṭṭhasaṅgīti had not proceeded smoothly,
causing confusion between the Burmese version that had been used as a draft and the
resolution version that was the outcome of the Saṅgīti.
Mahāsaṅgīti Tipiṭaka :The World Edition in Roman Script, B.E. 2545
Now, the M.L. Maniratana Bunnag Dhamma Society Fund under the patronage
of His Holiness Somdet Phra Ñāṇasaṁvara the Supreme Patriarch of Thailand17 is about
to publish in Roman script the Chaṭṭhasaṅgīti Pāḷi Tipiṭaka, the version that has been
revised and edited by international monks of the Theravāda Buddhist tradition. The
Pāḷi Tipiṭaka is thus made accessible to the international community.
With patience, determination and carefully laid-out procedures, there is a report

that the working committee has discovered the Chaṭṭhasaṅgīti Pāḷi Tipiṭaka that was
printed at different times and has distinguished between the first edition and an edited
version that was printed. Moreover, portions of later printed versions have been noted
for what they truly are. The committee has worked hard to get the version that is most
accurate. This has then been rechecked against the Pāḷi Tipiṭaka written in various
scripts from several countries. It seems that the goal of the Chaṭṭhasaṅgīti has finally
been realized.
Furthermore, the committee has made full use of the latest technological advances.
It is able to set out an effcient system of reference, and has a database that can be
used for further studies and research on the Tipiṭaka, such as electronic data storing in
CD-ROM with an easy search program.18
17
See the 20 October B.E. 2542 Benediction by His Holiness the Supreme Patriarch of Thailand for the
Mahāsaṅgīti Tipiṭaka Buddhavasse 2500 (The Buddhist Era 2500 Great International Council Pāḷi
Tipiṭaka Edition) published by the Dhamma Society in Roman Script in B.E. 2545 (1st edition), B.E.
2548 (2nd edition)
18
See Preface to the Publication of the Mahāsaṅgīti Tipiṭaka 2500 Edition.
(xvii)
Nevertheless, the ultimate goal of the task is to keep the Buddha’s words that
have come to us in the form of the Pāḷi Tipiṭaka intact, free from interpolations. It
must be true to the collection that came out of the First Saṅgīti. This will enable the
reader to have access to the original words of the Buddha with no interference from the
views of others. Even opinions of Dhammasaṁgāhakācariya, or the compiling teachers
of the Dhamma, if they occurred, are to be marked and distinguished. They are open
for intellectual study to the full.
As it has been pointed out earlier, as long as the Pāḷi Tipiṭaka exists, Buddhasāsana
will remain in its true and original form. Therefore, as long as the Pāḷi Tipiṭaka exists,
people still have an opportunity to learn and benefit from Buddhasāsana.
Tipiṭaka in the Modern World
Although man has made great progress in the past thousands of years in terms
of civilization and reached what is now known as the Age of Globalization, he has not
been able to free himself or overcome suffering, oppression, and even war. Man expects
that ethics arising from various religious beliefs will help solve these problems. However,
most beliefs provide only commandments or orders that man has to observe with faith.
By embracing such a belief man rises above problems within himself and those with
his fellow men and put his faith in the rewards and punishments meted out by a power
believed to be supernatural.
In this respect, Buddhasāsana as embodied in the words of the Pāḷi Tipiṭaka is

distinctively different. It teaches the morality and ethics of self-development that will
release man of all problems. He will thus attain full freedom, extricating himself from
dictates of external forces.
(xviii)
Man at present has advanced to a stage that can be considered the peak of
civilization. At this point, progress entails problems that bring about suffering on all
sides, ranging from lifestyles to social and environmental issues.
It is evident that civilization at this height has brought man the whole range of
suffering but is unable to lead him out of it.
More and more people are beginning to realize that Buddhasāsana as expressed
in the Pāḷi Tipiṭaka is the answer that can rid mankind of all suffering.
At the core of this is the problem of life, which is the most deeply felt. The
suffering in man’s mind, even the most rudimentary such as stress, has become a weighty
problem of mankind today. Buddhasāsana incorporates the teaching that is deemed most
proficient in ridding the ultimate problem of life — mental suffering. It penetrates natural
truth by means of intelligence and eradicates the seed of suffering from the mind. Thus,
the mind is free, clear and untarnished, and suffering will never recur.
Tipiṭaka as Important Source for Wisdom and World Peace
Out of the self and into a wider circle man is faced with social problems. Suffering
comes from erroneous relations, which turn into violence and exploitation of fellow men.
At this level, Buddhasāsana is prominent as a religion that spreads without the use of
swords. Religious wars have never been fought in its name and none of its precepts can
ever be used to justify invasions or wars. Throughout its history Buddhasāsana has
truly advocated peace and loving-kindness to all. Thus sages have acknowledged that it
is the first and truly pacifistic movement of the world. The Pāḷi Tipiṭaka is, therefore,
the most important source from which peace-loving people can study principles and
procedures that could secure peace for mankind.
(xix)
The outermost circle surrounding man and his society is the environment,
especially the ecological system, which is in serious trouble, threatening the survival of
mankind.
Now it is generally accepted that these environmental problems stem from an

erroneous concept, which is at the base of present-day civilization — the belief that
man is separate from nature. Because of this man has a negative attitude towards his
environment. He is intent on gaining power to overcome nature so that he can manipulate
it to his advantage. To solve this problem man needs a new concept to form a new
base.
The Middle Way
On this matter Buddhasāsana teaches the Middle Way19 — to know things as

they really are. Nature is a system of relations between all things including man, which
are components that are interdependent.
Man is a special component in this system as he can be trained and developed.

When man improves himself and acquires admirable qualities, he will be refined physically
and mentally, inclined to render assistance to others and think creatively. Furthermore,
training will develop his intellect, enabling him to gain insight into the system of relations,
which are interdependent, and realize that it must proceed smoothly. When man has
developed these fine attributes, he will know how to live his life and see to it that all
things in nature that are systematically interrelated, proceed in harmony. This is the
way that will lead man to a happy world free from exploitation.
19
Majjhimā paṭipadā
(xx)
In short, Buddhasāsana offers a base for new concepts that will shift the trend
in human development from man as an opponent attempting to overcome nature to a
component assisting in coexistence of all in nature.
When Buddhasāsana is seen as useful in solving this crucial problem, the Tipiṭaka
will be a rich source for research and study to such end.
Tipiṭaka as Dāna : a Gift of Dhamma from Thailand
It is hoped that the World Tipiṭaka Edition, the Buddhist Era 2500 Great
International Council Pāḷi Tipiṭaka, published by the M.L. Maniratana Bunnag Dhamma
Society Fund under the patronage of His Holiness Somdet Phra Ñāṇasaṁvara the Supreme
Patriarch, in honour of Their Majesties the King and Queen of Thailand, to be presented
as a Gift of Dhamma worldwide, will serve as a bearer of the Buddha’s teachings that
travels great distances. This messenger has the mission to deliver the Teacher’s words,
which are beautiful at the beginning, beautiful in the middle and beautiful at the end20,
as uttered by the Buddha when He directed the first group of disciples to proclaim His
message for the benefit of all mankind.
Venerable Phra Dhammapiṭaka21

(P. A. Payutto)
October 9, B.E. 2545 (2002)
20
Desetha, bhikkhave, dhammaṁ ādikalyāṇaṁ majjhekalyāṇaṁ pariyosānakalyāṇaṁ … M2500: 3V3.32
21
Phra Bhrama Khunabarana
(xxiii)
C World Tipiṭaka Sajjhāya Phonetic Edition in Various Tai Scripts

with Lahu Garu Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
1 kalyāṇadhamma
ka lyā ṇa dham ma
ชRoman Script-Pāḷi ช40 Vols./Digital
กัล๎ยาณธัม์มํ ชTai Syām Script-Pāḷi ช40 Vols./Digital

2 ka lyā ṇa d am ma
h
กลยาณธมมํฺ
3 ka lyā ˇṇa dham ma
ชTai Thai Script-Pāḷi ช40 Vols./Digital
กล ฯาณธมฯํฯ ชTai Yuan Script-Pāḷi ช40 Vols./Digital

4 ka lyā ṇa d am ma h
ชTai Lōng Script-Pāḷi ช40 Vols./Digital

5 uvfbKEXrfr>
ka lyā ṇa d am ma
h
dy]pkItTy,,Y ชTai Lao Script-Pāḷi ช40 Vols./Digital

d]CkIT,?Y ชTai Kün Script-Pāḷi ช40 Vols./Digital

7 ka lyā ṇa dham ma
ᦂᩃᩣᨱᨵᨾᩴ ชTai Lü Script-Pāḷi ช40 Vols./Digital

ชTai Khamti Script-Pāḷi ช40 Vols./Digital

9 uvf,gEXrfrH
ka lyā ṇa d am ma
h
klqÂaöDmqmÈ ชTai Āhom Script-Pāḷi ช40 Vols./Digital

10 ละหุka
คะรุlyā ṇa d am ma
h
ชTai Phāke Script-Pāḷi ช40 Vols./Digital

11 uvf,gEXrfrH
ka lyā ṇa d am ma h
12 ka lyā ṇa d am mah
ชThai Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi ช40 Vols./Digital
ดฮม ชTai Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi ช40 Vols./Digital
ชPāḷi Alphabet ช40 Vols./Digital

2 3 2
15 ka lyā ṇa dham ma
ชPāḷi Notation ช250 Vols./Digital
16 ชDigital Tai Pāḷi Sound ชDigital Only

(xxiv)
Example of Lahu and Garu Sound
An excerpt from the Dhammacakkappavattanasutta, the World Tipiṭaka Phonetic Edition 2018,
illustrating the Lahu and Garu Orthographic writing symbols in Thai and Roman
Scripts in accordance with the Tipiṭaka Kaccāyana Pāḷi Grammar and its Commentaries. The
Lahu sound printed in light lettering is a quick-syllable pronunciation. The Garu sound, printed
in bold lettering, is a prolonged-syllable pronunciation.
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� ��
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� � � � � � � � � � �
� � � � Lahu
Lahu
na mō tas sa bha ga va tō 11  ะ
 aa
5 6 1 1
2 3
1 1 22  ิ
� � � � � � ��
��
� ��
� ��
 ii
� � � � � � � � � � �
� � 33  ุ
 uu
�� h� ��
bud d a sa ra ṇa gac chā mi 44  า็ -
ā-
 ā-
3 4
55  เ ็-
% �� & %� &+�� &� %

ē-
) �� $� &
�
 ē-
� #� � $�
" " � " " " " "
�
25
� � � � � � �
�
66  โ ็-
ō-
 ō-
ta ṇhā pō nōb bha vi kā
2 6 2
1
1 1
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"#
, -# � )$
'
.(
'( &� % &� &� &� � 4( ! "#, 5$'($
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& & � ,� &�
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12
� � � � � � �
!
�#� � �� $� *0 #ว็1 า] ก h ต
duk kha sa mu da ya svāk k ā tō
3 4
) &'(
$ 1
0 $,
$2 , -# $3 , ) 4( , 5 67( $&'( ) +
* -# ) .(
1
!, "# / ! "# /
% % % % %! % % % !
8 , ,
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[ "#$  ()
sab ba lō ka smi mēt tañ ca
7 5
4 1
2 1
(xxv)
The Garu [ garu] is a prolonged-syllable pronunciation. The Tipiṭaka Kaccāyana Grammar states that
a long-vowel syllable i.e. a i u should be a prolonged pronunciation see No. 1 - 2
The Commentaries will elaborate further, see No. 3 - 7 . Note Garu from Lahu 1 1 2
and Lahu from Garu. 1 1 5 6 7
5 6
5 6
lahu 1 1 Dīghagaru see Kaccāyanapāḷi Rule No.5 aññe dīghā , No. 603 : dīgho ca
garu Thai Phonetic Alphabet Pāḷi [เ ] [ ]
Roman Phonetic Alphabet Pāḷi ē []
tō [ ]
Long-vowels syllable - Garu sound
garu 2 Du-mhigaru see Kaccāyanapāḷi Rule No. 602 : dumhi garu

1 Thai Phonetic Alphabet Pāḷi [ ตt • ฻ ]
Roman Phonetic Alphabet Pāḷi [
ta • tra ]
Short-vowel syllable becomes Garu when followed by cluster sound
Note cluster-sound sign or linkage mark (  ) under cluster syllables
garu 3 Saṁyogagaru see Kaccāyanapāḷi Rule No. 28 : paradvebhāvo ṭhāne

Kaccāyanapāḷi Rule No. 29 : vagge ghosāghosānaṁ tatiyapaṭhamā
Tipiṭaka Commentary (Saddanītisuttamālā) Rule No. 10 : saṁyogaparo ca (garu)
Thai Phonetic Alphabet Pāḷi [ บ๟ด • งํ]
Roman Phonetic Alphabet Pāḷi [ bud • dhaŋ ]
Final consonant - Garu sound
garu 4 Niggahītagaru see Kaccāyanapāḷi Rule No. 37 : niggahītañca

Tipiṭaka Commentary (Vuttodaya) Rule No. 7 : niggahītapara ... garu
Thai Phonetic Alphabet Pāḷi [ บ๟ด • งํ]
Roman Phonetic Alphabet Pāḷi [ bud • dhaŋ ]
Niggahīta sound (only at nasal cavity) - Garu sound
garu 2 5 Padādigaru see Kaccāyanapāḷi Rule No. 602 : dumhi garu

lahu 1 (Bayatirekanaya/Padantayatigaru)
Tipiṭaka Commentary (Vuttodaya) Rule No. 10, (Saddanīti Padamalā)
Thai Phonetic Alphabet Pāḷi [น t • โม]
na • mō ]
Short-vowel syllable becomes Garu at the beginning syllable
garu 3 6 Padantagaru see Kaccāyanapāḷi Rule No. 602 : dumhi garu

lahu 1 Tipiṭaka Commentary (Vuttodaya) Rule No. 10, (Saddanīti Padamalā)
Thai Phonetic Alphabet Pāḷi [ ต๡ • t ]
tas • sa ]
Short-vowel syllable becomes Garu at the end of the word
garu 4 7 Pādantagaru Kaccāyanapāḷi Rule No. 602 : dumhi garu

lahu 2 Tipiṭaka Commentary (Vuttodaya) Rule No. 7 : pādantaparagaru
Thai Phonetic Alphabet Pāḷi [ ๡บ • บะ • โล • ก t • ม b ]
sab • ba • lō • ga • s mi ]
Short-vowel syllable becomes Garu at the end of the sentence (verse)
(xxvi)
, ถอดเสี ย งเป็ น “สั ท ทะอั ก ขะระไทย-ปาฬิ ” โดย วิ จิ น ตน์ ภาณุ พ งศ์ , ตรวจทานใหม่ โ ดย สมหมาย เปรมจิ ต ต์ พ.ศ. ๒๕๖๐
Pāḷi Sound ith Lahu Garu Phonetic Printing
syām lphabet/Thai Phonetic lphabet and Thai Phonetic lphabet/Roman Phonetic lphabet
syām lphabet Thai Phonetic lphabet

accāyana Pāḷi Grammar
Thai Phonetic lphabet Roman Phonetic lphabet
1
[ ะระหะ] Kaccāyanapāḷi No. 4
[ ะระหะ] [araha] lahumattā tayo rassā
sound
vo el
a
2
มั ล [มง ะละ] • Kaccāyanapāḷi No. 31
[มง ะละ]
• [maŋ gala] • vaggantaṁ vā vagge
3
ั์ [ตส สะ] Kaccāyanapāḷi No. 28
[ตส สะ] • [tas sa] • paradvebhāvo ṭhāne
4
า์ [ ว็ า ส สะ ] nal-consonant sound Kaccāyanapāḷi No. 5
[ ว็ า ส สะ ] [ vās sa] • aññe dīghā
5
ย์ย [เส็ ย ยะ]
[เส็ ย ยะ] [ sēy ya] •
Kaccāyanapāḷi No. 5
aññe dīghā
6
ก์ [ โป็ ก ขะระ ] •
[ โป็ ก ขะระ ] [ pōk khara] •
7
์ าม [ป จ า มิ] • •
Kaccāyanapāḷi No. 29 :
[ป จ า มิ]
• [puc c ā mi] • h • vagge ghosāghosānaṁ tatiyapaṭhamā
8
๎ ม๎ [ บ ระ หมะ] Kaccāyanapāḷi No. 4
[ บ ระ หมะ [ b ra h ma] • lahumattā tayo rassā
9
๎ยั ์ [สะ บ ย ะนะ]
[สะ บ ย ะนะ [sa b yañ jana]
• •
see Chulachomklao of Siam Tipiṭaka 1893
10
ัก๎ย ์ [ สt กยะ ปต ต Kaccāyanapāḷi No. 602
[ สt กยะ ปต ต [ sa k ya put tō]
• • • dumhi garu
cluster sound
สุ ร ธั ช บุ น นาค และคณะโครงการพระไตรปิ ฎ กสากล พ.ศ.
11
ก ๎ [กb หิ] •
[กb หิ] [ ki ñ hi] •
12
๎ [ร ฻ ห ิ ]
•
[ร ฻ ห ิ ] [ ru ḷ฻hi] •
see Chulachomklao of Siam Tipiṭaka 1893
13
ม๎ [ ต ม ห] Kaccāyanapāḷi No. 602
[ต ม ห] [tu m hē] • dumhi garu
14
า ๎ ากา [ปา ตวา กา สิ ] Kaccāyanapāḷi No. 5
[ปา ตวา กา สิ ] [ pā t vā kā si]
• • • aññe dīghā
ํ, ก,ํ ํ [สง [ กbง [ตง]

sound
Kaccāyanapāḷi No. 30
nasal
pure
15
[สง] [ กbง [ตง] [saŋ [ kiŋ [tuŋ] aṁ b฻yañjane niggahītaṁ
(xxvii)
, ถอดเสี ย งเป็ น “สั ท ทะอั ก ขะระไทย-ปาฬิ ” โดย วิ จิ น ตน์ ภาณุ พ งศ์ , ตรวจทานใหม่ โ ดย สมหมาย เปรมจิ ต ต์ พ.ศ. ๒๕๖๐
1
กัณ์ ๎ ามั ์ 1
์ กัณ์ าล กัณ์ ์
า 1
1 อ,อ a
3 3 เพดานอ่อน ท่ามกลางลิน ริม ปาก เพดานอ่อนเพดานแข็ง เพดานอ่อนริม ปาก
2 อา ์ 1
อุ
3 อิ i ริม ปาก อ
4 อี โอ4
5 อุ u กัณ์ 1 อะ อั5
6 อู เพดานอ่อน อา
7 เอ e เอ 4
8 โอ o ตา 1 อิ
9 ก์ k
เพดานแข็ง อี
10 ข์ kh
[ -ะ] [ -ั ] [ -็า] [ - ิ ] [ -ุ ] [ g -็] [ F -็]

1
11 ค์ g
12 ฆ์ gh ออกเสียงเร็ว
13 ง
[- t ] [ -y ] [ -า ] [ - b ] [ - u ] [ -6 ] [ -^]
1
14 จ์ c ออกเสียงนานขน
[ g- ] [ F-]
15 ฉ์ ch
16 ช์ j ั ์ า ั ์ ั ์ มั ์ า1 า ั ์ า ๎ยั ์ า าม1
17 ฌ์ jh า เสียงปาฬิ-พยั ชนะวัคค์ มี 5 วัคค์ วัคค์ละ 5 ตัว เสียงปาฬิ-ชอพยั ชนะอวัคค์
18 ์ ñ 1 1 1 1
า า
19 ฏ์ ไม่กอง2 กอง2 ม์1 กอง2 ไม่กอง2
20 ์ 1
ต1 1
ต1 า กั ์ า 1 1 1
21 ฑ์
22 ฒ์ า ไม่พน่ ลม2 พ่นลม2 ไม่พน่ ลม2 พ่นลม2 ช่องจมก ไม่พน่ ลม2 เสียดแทรก2
23 ณ์ ṇ
กัณ์ 1
h
24 ต์ t ทีเสนเสียง2 ๎
25 ถ์ th กัณ์ 1
k kh g gh
26 ท์ d
ธ์ ์
27
28 น์
dh
n
ทีเพดานอ่อน2
ตา 1
ᦂc ก์
ch
์
j jh
์
ñ y
29 ป์ p ทีเพดานแข็ง2 ์ ์ ์ ์ ์ ย๎
30 ผ์ ph ม ์ ธ 1 ṭ ṭh h ṇ r ḷ
31 พ์ b
32
33
ภ์
ม์
bh ทีหลังปุมเหงอก2
m ั ์ 1
์ ์ ์ ์ ᨱ ณ์ ๎ ๎
สุ ร ธั ช บุ น นาค และคณะโครงการพระไตรปิ ฎ กสากล พ.ศ.
t th d dh n l s
ย๎
34
35 ร๎
y
r
ที นบน
ั ์ ์
2
1
์ ์ ์ ᨵ ธ์ ์ ᩃ ล๎ v
๎
36 ล๎ l
37 ว๎ v ทีริม ปากกับ น2 ๎
38 ส๎ s
์ 1 p ph b bh m
39 ห๎ h
ฬ๎ ์ ์
ทีริม ปาก2 ์ ์ ᨾ ม์
40
41 อํ a
42
อิํ i า กั ์ า 1
ระ ร ช ุ Tai Tipiṭaka
อุํ u ล
ᩴ
43
ทีช่องจมก / Tai Lü Script-Pāḷi
1
คาศัพท์ปาฬิภาสาทีปราก ในคัมภีร์กัจจายะนะ-ปาฬิ, มุขมัตตทีปนี, ปทรปสิทธิ, และสัททนีติ 2 คาศัพท์ทางวิชาการภา าศาสตร์ปจจุบัน 3 การถอดอักขะระจาก
“อักขะระสยาม-ปาฬิ” เป็น “อักขะระโรมัน -ปาฬิ” ในพระไตรปิฎก จ.ป.ร. อักขะระสยาม พ.ศ. ๒ ๖ 4 ตามคัมภีร์ไวยากรณ์ เอ, โอ เป็นสระประเภทอสวัณณะ แต่เสียง
ทีออกจริง เอ อาปาก ไม่ตองกวางมาก เหยียดปากเล็กนอย โอ ห่อปาก เป็น สระแท (pure vowel) 5 กัจจายนัตถทีปนี พ.ศ.๒ ๐ อธิบายกฎไวยากรณ์
กัจจายะนะ-ปาฬิ ขอ ๒ ว่า ม ํ ํ ๎ า ์ า กา ํ าม. ปิดปาก แลวเปล่งเสียง อ อักขะระ ชอว่า สังวุ ะ
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
( 1 -1.0
1.0))
epiṭakaa : The World
( 1 -1.0
1.0))
# Tipiṭaka Edition in Tai Lü Script-Pāḷi and
# Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ᩮᩅᩁᨬᦂᨱ ᨳ[]
[ • • • • ] ปาฬิ 1
ᨴ[]
1 -ᨾᩉᨲᩣ
2 ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩᩩᩈᩮᩴᩮᨥᨶ
ᨥᨶ ᩈᨴ ᨷᨬᨾᩮᨲᩉ
1 -2
ᨷᨬᨾᩮᨲᩉᩥᩥ ᩮᨲᨶ ᩈᨾᩮᨿᨶ

ᨽᩥᦂ
ᩥᨶᨿᨷᩥ
สัชฌายเตปฏก : พระไตรปฎกสัชฌายะ พิมพดวยᩅᨶ
ᦂᩩอัᨿᨷ
ᩩᩈᩮᨲᩉ
ᩮᨲᩉᩥ
ᩮᨲᨶ ᩈᨾᩮᨿᨶ
[
ᩥ ᦂ้อᩥ -ปาฬิᦀᩮᩔᩣᩈ
ᨭᨭᦂ ᦀᩮᩔᩣᩈᩥ
•
ᩥ ᩮᦃᩣ ᩮᩅᩁᩮᨬᩣ ᨻᩣᩉᩮᨱᩣ

] [ • •
] [
ᨻᩮᨴᩤ ᨽᦅᩅᩤ •
] [ •
] [
ᩮᩅᩁᨬᩣᨿ
ᩮᩅᩁᨬᩣᨿᩴᩴ • • •
] [
ᩅᩉ
ᩥᩉᩁᨲᩥ
ᩁᨲᩥ ᨶᩮᩊᩁᨷᨧ
ᨶᩮᩊᩁᨷᨧᩥᨾᨾᨶᨾᩮᩃ
ᩥ ᨶᨾᩮᩃ
] [ •
ᨻᩮᨴᩤ ᨽᦅᩅ • • • • •
] ᨵ [ [k]
ᦂ
]
ᨶ ᦃ[ [kʰ]
]
ᦃᩃ [ᩮᨽᩣ ᩮᦅᩤᨲᩮᨾᩣ ] ᩈᦂᨷᩮᨲᩣ

[ ] [ ] [
[ ] [ กขะระไตลื คูขนานกับ [สัททะอักขะระไทย-ปาฬิ]
] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]
• • • • •
•
• • • • • • •
•
• •
•
• • •
•
• •
ปาฬิ[ 1
[ ᨷ ᦅ [g]]
ᩈᨾᩮᨱᩣ ᩈᦂᦂᩃᩣ ᨷᨻ ᨷᨻᩛ] ᨩᩛ ᩮᩥᩮᨲᩣ
ᨲᩣ ᩮᩅᩁᨬᩣᨿ
ᩮᩅᩁᨬᩣᨿᩴᩴ ᩅᩉ ᩥᩉᩁᨲᩥ
ᩁᨲᩥ
[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] ᦂᨹ [[ [gʰ]
]
ᨥ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •
ᨬᦂᨱ
ᦂᨱ
ᨶᩮᩊᩁᨷᨧ
ᩥ ᨶᨾᩮᩃ ᨾᩉᨲᩣ ᨽᦂ
ᨷᨬᨾᩮᨲᩉᩥᩥ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩᩩᩈᩮᨲᩉ
ᩮᨲᩉᩥᩥ ᨲᩴ ᩮᦃᩣ ᨷᨶ
ᨽᦂ
ᨷᨬᨾᩮᨲᩉᩥᩥ ᨽᦂ
ᩥ
ᦃᨻᨦ[[ [ṅ]
]]
[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]
ᩅᨶᩥᨶᨿᨷᩥ
ᨿᨷᨭᨭᦂ
ᩥᦂ
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
ᦅᨽᨧ[[ [c]
]]
ᨽᩅᨶᩴ ᩮᦅᩤᨲᨾᨾᩴᩴ ᪅ᩅ
᪅ᩅᩴᩴ ᦂᩃᩣᩮᨱᩣ ᦂᩥᨲᩥᩈᩮᨴᩣ ᦀᨻᩩᦅᩮᨲᩣ ᦀᩥᨲᨷᩥ ᩥ ᩮᩈᩣ ᨽᦅᩅᩤ ᦀᩁᩉ
ᦀᩁᩉᩴᩴ
[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]1 [ ] [ 1 ] [ ] [ ] [ [ ᨷᩤ]ᩁᩣᨩ
] ᩣᨩᩥ[ ᦂᦂᨷᩤ
ᩥ ᨷᩤᩊ]ᩥ
[ ] [( 1 -1.0
]) [ ] [
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
ᨥᨾ ᦉ[[ [cʰ]
]]
• •
[
ᩈᨾᩣᩈᨾ
ᩈᨾᩣᩈᨾᩩ• ᩮᩛᩮᨴᩤ
ᩩ ᨴᩤ
• • • •
•
] [
ᩅᨩᩥᨩᩣᨧᩁᨱᩈᨾᩮ
ᩣᨧᩁᨱᩈᨾᩮ • •
1.0) • • •
#
] [
• [ ā • ᩮᩃᩣᦂᩅ
ᩈᦅᩮᨲᩣ
] [
ā•
ᩮᩃᩣᦂᩅᩥᨴᩥ • āᦀᨶᨲᩮᩁᩣ
] [
• ] •#
] [
ᨷᩁ
ᨷᩁᩥᩈᩈᨴᨾᩈᩣᩁᨳᩥ
ᩥ • ᨴᨾᩈᩣᩁᨳᩥ • ᩈᨲᩣ
•
] [
•
] • • • • • • • • • •
ᨦᨿᨩ[[ ][j]] •
# ᨧᩁ ᨫ[[ [jʰ]
]]
a ]
ᩮᨴᩅᨾᨶᩔᩣᨶ
ᩮᨴᩅᨾᨶᩔᩣᨶᩴᩴ ᨻᩮᨴᩤ ᨽᦅᩅᩤ ᩮᩈᩣ ᦀᩥᨾᩴ ᩮᩃᩣᦂᩴ ᩈᩮᨴᩅᦂᩴ ᩈᨾᩣᩁᦂᩴ ᩈᨻᩉᦂᩴ
ᦃᩃ ᩮᨽᩣ ᩮᦅᩤᨲᩮᨾᩣ ᩈᦂᨷᩮᨲᩣ ᩈᦂ

[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]
• • ᨷᩤᩁᨾᩉᩣᩅ
ᩣᨩ
ᩣᨩᩥᩴ ᦂᦂᨷᩤ
ᨾᩉᩣᩅᩥ ᩥ ᨽᩥ ᨷᩤᦀᨽ
ᦅᩴ ᩊᨬᩥᩥ ᩣ ᦉᩃᨬ[[ [ñ]
]]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
ᩈᩔᨾᨱᨻᩣᩉᨱ ᨷᨩ
ᨷᨩᩴᩴ ᩈᩮᨴᩅᨾᨶᩔ
ᩈᩮᨴᩅᨾᨶᩔᩴ
1
( 1 -1) ᩴ ᩈᨿ
ᩈᨿᩴ ᦀᨽᩥ ᩈᨧᩥ#ᦂᨲᩣ
1 ( 1 -1)
ᨷᩮᩅᩮᨴᨲ
ᨷᩮᩅᩮᨴᨲᩥᩥ ᩮᩈᩣ ᨩᩅ ᨭ[[ [ṭ]
]]
[ • • • •
] [ •
] [ ## • • •
[[ •
] [ā ] [ a
•• • •• •• • • • ]
•
]] [
#
• • •
] [ • • •
] [ ]
[ ] ᨵᨾᩴᩮᦂᩅᩃᨷᩁ
[ᩮᦂᩅᩃᨷᩁᩥᩮᨴᩮᩈᨲ
[ ]ᨷᨷᨱᩴᩥ ᨱᩴ ᦀᩣᨴᩥᨷᩁᨷᩁᩥᩈᩈᨴᩴᩥ ᦂᦂᩃᩣᨱᩴ
ᩮᨴᩮᩈᨲᩥᩥ ᦀᩣᨴ •
[ᨴᩴ ᨶᩮᨾᩣᨻᩉᨧᩁ
ᩥ ᩃᩣᨱᩴ ᨾᩮᨩᦂᩃᩣᨱᨾᩮᨩᦂᩃᩣᨱᩴᩴ
] [ ] ᨷᩁ
ᨲᩔ ᨽᦅᩅᩮᨲᩣ ᦀᩁᩉᩮᨲᩣ [
ᨷᩁᩥᩮᩮᨿᩣᩈᩣᨶᦂᩃᩣᨱᩴ
ᩥ ᨿᩣᩈᩣᨶᦂᩃᩣᨱᩴ ᩈᩣᨲᩴ ᩈᨻᨬᨶ
ᩈᨾᩣᩈᨾ
ᩈᨾᩣᩈᨾᩩᨴᩛᨴᩔ
ᩩᩔ
•
ᩈᨻᨬᨶᩴᩴ
] [
•
] [
1 -1
• • • •
] •[ • • •
• •
] [ • • • • • • •
] [ •
]• [ • • • •
]
ᨫᩈᨮ[[ [ṭʰ]
ᨬᩉᨯ[[ ]]
[ḍ]
]]
•
ᩅᩤᨾᩮᩃ ᩮᩅᩁᨬᩣᨿ
ᩮᩅᩁᨬᩣᨿᩴ ᩴ ᩅ ᩥ
ᩉ ᩉᩁᨲᩥ
ᩁᨲ ᩥ
ᨻᩉᨧᩁᩥᨿᩥ ᩴ ᨷᦂᩣᩮᩈᨲ
ᨷᦂᩣᩮᩈᨲᩥᩥ ᩈᩣᨵ ᩮᦃᩣ ᨷᨶ ᨲᨳᩣᩁᨷᩤᨶᩴ ᦀᩁᩉᨲ
ᦀᩁᩉᨲᩴᩴ
ᨾᩉᩣᩅ
ᨾᩉᩣᩅᩥ]ᨽᩥ [ᦅᩴ
[ • ō] [ a • ] [ • ō] [ • ō] [ a • ā a • • u • a • ]
ᨭᩊᨰ[[ ]]
[ḍʰ]
[ • • •
] [ • •
] [ ( 1 -1) •
] [ • • • •
] [ (] 1 -1)[ ] [ • • • •
] [ •
]
ᨾᩉᨲᩣ ᨽ ᩥ
ᦂ ᦂᩩ
ᩈ
ᩩ ᩴ ᩮ
ᩮᨥᨶ
ᨥᨶ [ ]
ᩈᨴ
# #
ᨱ [ṇ]
ᨴᩔᨶ
ᨴᩔᨶᩴᩴ ᩮᩉᩣᨲ
ᩮᩉᩣᨲᨲᨲᩥ • • • •
ᨮᦀᩴ [[ ]]
[ ] [ ]
ᩮᩅᩁᨬᦂᨱ ᨲ [t]
• • • •
ᨯ[ ]
ā] [ ē a ā a ] [
•
• •
] • ละหุ - พยางคที่ออกเสียงเร็ว
] [ᩮᨲᨶ •
1 -1
•[
ᨶᩮᨾᩣ( 1•#-1.0
ᨲᩔ
1.0)) ᨽᦅᩅᩮᨲᩣ ᦀᩁᩉᩮᨲᩣ
•
] [
•
•
]ᨻᩮᨴᩤ ᨽᦅᩅᩤ[
] [[ ēะ]• a [ ็า•]-] [• [a]ิ •
••
•
]] [
( 1 -1.0
• [ ]ุ
#
•
ᩈᨾᩣᩈᨾ
ᩈᨾᩣᩈᨾᩩᨴᩛᨴᩔ
1.0)) ᩩᩔ • •
•
• •
[] •-็ ] [ -็ ]
] [ -
ᨳ [tʰ]
ᨰ[ ] •
7ᨴ [d] ]
คะรุ - พยางคที่ออกเสียงนานขึ้น [ -๡ ] [ ๝] [ า] [ ]๞ [ ]ี [ ]๟ [ ]ู [เเ ] [โโ ] [ ๡ง]ํ ᨱ[ ]
1 -2 ᩈᨾᩮᨿᨶ ᩮᩅᩁᨬᩣᨿ
ᩮᩅᩁᨬᩣᨿᩴᩴ ᩅᩉ
ᩥᩉᩁᨲᩥ
ᩁᨲᩥ ᨵ [dʰ]
ᩮᦅᩤᩈᨴ ᪅ᩅᩴᨷᨬᨾᩮᨲᩉ
ᨷᨬᨾᩮᨲᩉᩥ ᩥ ᦂᩥᨽᨲᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩᩥᩈᩩᩈᩮᨴᩣ
ᩮᨲᩉ
[ ē ] [ ē ] [ u ō] [ ā] [ ē a ā a ] [ ]
ᨲ[ ]
• • • • • • • •
ᩮᩅᩁᨬᦂᨱ
ᨲᨾᨾᩴᩴ ᪅ᩅ ᩴ ᦂᩃᩣᩮᨱᩣ
ᨶ [n]
ᨶᩮᩊᩁᨷᨧ
ᩥ ᨶᨾᩮᩃ
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak ᨾᩉᨲᩣ
epiṭakaa : The
( 1 -1.0
World
1.0))
ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩᩩᩈEdition
# Tipiṭaka ᩮᩴᩮᨥᨶ
ᨥᨶ in Tai Lüᩈᨴ
Script-Pāḷiᨷᨬᨾᩮᨲᩉ
ᨷᨬᨾᩮᨲᩉᩥ
# Romanᩥ Phoneticᨽ
( 1 -1.0
and
1.0))
ᦂ ᩮᨲᩉᩥᩥ
Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิᨷ[ [p]
]
[ • ē • • a • • ū ē] • [ • ā] [ i • [ • • a • • ē • • ] [ a• • i ] ] [ a • • a • ē • ] [ i • • ē • ]
ᨳ 1
ᨴ [ [pʰ]]
ᦀᩮᩔᩣᩈ
ᦀᩮᩔᩣᩈᩥᩥ ᩮᦃᩣ
1 -2 ᩮᩅᩁᩮᨬᩣ ᨻᩣᩉᩮᨱᩣ ᨻᩮᨴᩤ
ᩮᨲᨶ ᩈᨾᩮᨿᨶ ᩈᨾᩮᨱᩣᨽᦅᩅᩤ ᦃᩃ ᩮᩅᩁᨬᩣᨿ
ᩮᨽᩣ ᩴ ᩮᦅᩤᨲᩅᩮᨾᩣ
ᩮᩅᩁᨬᩣᨿᩴ ᩁᨲᩥ ᩈᦂᨷᩮᨲᩣ
ᩥᩉᩁᨲᩥ
ᩉ ᨶᩮᩊᩁᨷᨧ
ᨶᩮᩊᩁᨷᨧᩥᨾᨾᨶᨾᩮᩃᩈᦂᦂᩃᩣ
ᩥ ᨶᨾᩮᩃ ᨹ
[ [ a •
ᨷᨻ
ᨾᩉᨲᩣ
[
[aa
•
[ a
i
ᨷᨻᩛᨩᩛ ᩮᩥᩮᨲᩣ
]
ō ]
ᨲᩣ ᨽᦂ
]
[ ō]•
ᩥᦂᩩᩩᩈᩮᩅᩁᨬᩣᨿ
[
ᩮᩅᩁᨬᩣᨿᩴ
[
ᨥᨶ ᩴ ᩈᨴ ᩅᩉ
ᩮᩴᩮᨥᨶ ••
a
[ ē a ō] [ ā
[ ] [
]
ᩥᩉᩁᨲᩥ
ō] [
•
] [
[
ᩥ ᨶᩮᩊᩁᨷᨧ
ō] [
] [
ᨶᩮᩊᩁᨷᨧᩥ
ᩁᨲᨷᨬᨾᩮᨲᩉ
ᨷᨬᨾᩮᨲᩉᩥ ᩥ ᨾᨾᨶᨾᩮᩃ
ᩥ ᨶᨾᩮᩃ
ᨽᦂ
a
] [ ō]
] [
] [ō]
[ ō
ē ] [
] ]
ō] [ a
] [
ᨾᩉᨲᩣᩥ ᩮᦃᩣᨽᦂ
ᩮᨲᩉᩥᩥ ᦀᩮᩔᩣᩈ
ᦀᩮᩔᩣᩈᩥ
•
[
ᩥᦂᩩᩮᩅᩁᩮᨬᩣ
ᩩᩈᩮᩴᩮᨥᨶ
[ i
u ō] [ a
ᨥᨶ ᨻᩣᩉᩮᨱᩣ
•
ᩈᨴ
] ā]
[ ē a
• • • ••
•
ā ] a[ ]
•
•
•
•
[ ] [
•
• •
]
•
•
•
[ • •• ē
•
• •
•
] [
•
ᨿᨷᨭᨭᦂ
ᩥ ᦂ] •
•
•
a
•
• • ••
•
ū [ē]
• •
•
•
•
[
•
•
•
] •
•
ā[] ][ i [
•
•
•
•
•
•
a •
•
• ] ē[
•
•
•
•
]
•
•
•
[ a
• •
• •
••
]i
•
]
ᨵ•ᨻ[[k]][b]
ᦂ
ᨶᦃ ᨽ[[kʰ][bʰ]
]
] •
ᨷᦅ ᨾ[[g][m]
]
ᩅᨩᩥᨩᩣᨧᩁᨱᩈᨾᩮ
ᩣᨧᩁᨱᩈᨾᩮ ᩈᦅᩮᨲᩣ ᩈᦂ
ᩮᩃ
ᩈᨾᩮᨱᩣ ᦃᩃ ᩮᨽᩣᨽᩥᦂᦂᩩᩩᩈᩮᦅᩤᩮᨲᩉ
ᨲᩮᨾᩣᩥ ᩈᦂᨷᩮᨲᩣ [ ᩈᦂᦂᩃᩣ ᨷᨻ ᨷᨻᩛ] ᨩᩛ ᩮᩥᩮᨲᩣ
ᨲᩣ
ᨷᨬᨾᩮᨲᩉ
ᨷᨬᨾᩮᨲᩉᩥ ᩥ ᩮᨲᩉᩥ ᨲ ᩴ ᩮᦃᩣ ᨷᨶ ᨽᩅᨶᩴ ᩮᦅᩤᨲ] ᨾᨾᩴ[ᩴ ᩮᩅᩁᨬᩣᨿ
ᩮᩅᩁᨬᩣᨿᩴ
᪅ᩅᩴᩴ ᩴ
᪅ᩅ ᩅᩉ
ᩥᩉᩁᨲᩥ
ᩁᨲᩥ
ᦂᩃᩣᩮᨱᩣ
ᩃ ᩮᨽᩣ
[ [ a
ᩮᦅᩤ ᨲᩮᨾᩣ
] [ ] [ ] [
ᩈᦂᨷᩮᨲᩣ ] [ ] [ ] [ a ē [ i ē [ a ] [ ō] a a ] [ ō a ] [ēē a ]] [[ a] ā ō] ᨹᨥᨿ[[gʰ][y]

]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •
• • • • ] • • • ] [ ] [ • • • • • • •
ᨶᩮᩊᩁᨷᨧ
ᩥ ᨶᨾᩮᩃ ᦀᨻᩩᦅᩮᨲᩣ
ᦂᩥᨲᩥᩈᩮᨴᩣ ᨾᩉᨲᩣ ᦀᩥᨲᨽᨷᩥᦂ
ᨷᨬᨾᩮᨲᩉᩥᩈᨾᩣᩈᨾ
ᩥ ᨽᩩ ᦂᩥᦂᩩᨴᩤᩩᩈᩮᨲᩉ
ᩮᨲᩉᩥᩥ ᨲᩴ ᩮᦃᩣ ᨷᨶ
] [ ᩥ ᩮᩈᩣ ]ᨽᦅᩅᩤ ] [ᦀᩁᩉ
ᦀᩁᩉᩴᩴ ᩈᨾᩣᩈᨾᩩ
] [ ᩮᩛᩮᨴᩤ ᨻᨦ ᩁ[[ṅ][r]]
] [ ] [ ] [
[ [ i
•
] [ •
•
[ • a
•
•
•
ō]
•
[aa
•
• u • • ō]
•
[ ]
• •
[ ō]
• •
[ •
•
ā] [ a •
•
] [ ] [ ] [ •
]
•
[ a
•
• ā a •
•
•
•
u
•
• ō]
]
• • • • • • • ᨽᨧ ᩃ[[c][l]] •
ᦀᩥᨲᨷᩥ ᩥ ᩥ ᩮᩈᩣ ᨽᦅᩅᩤᩈᨲᩣ ᦀᩁᩉ
] [ ō] ᨽᩅᨶᩴᩣᨧᩁᨱᩈᨾᩮ
[ i
ᩮᦅᩤᨲᨾᨾᩴᩴ
[ ᩅᨩᩥᨩᩣᨧᩁᨱᩈᨾᩮ
] [•
• ā
•
•
•
• a
•
•
]
a
᪅ᩅ
[ ] [ •
•
[ ō
᪅ᩅᩴᩴ ᩈᦅᩮᨲᩣ
ᦂᩃᩣᩮᨱᩣᩮᩃᩣᦂᩅ
ᦂᩥᨲᨴᩥ ᩥᩈᩮᨴᩣ
ᩮᩃᩣᦂᩅᩥ
1] •[ •
ō]
ᨷᩤ ᩁ ᩣᨩ
ᦀᨶᨲᩮᩁᩣ
] [
ᦀᨻᩩ
ᩣᨩᩥᦂᩥ ᦅᩮᨲᩣ
ᦂᨷᩤ
ᨷᩤ ᩊ ᩥ ᨷᩁ
ᨷᩁᩥ
[
ᩈᩥ
ᩈᨴᨾᩈᩣᩁᨳᩥ
ᨴᨾᩈᩣᩁᨳ
] [ 1• ] [ ] [ •
ᦀᩁᩉᩴᩴ
] [ • •
• ō]
•
[ō
#
• •
•
ō]
[ ā ā
•
ū]
•
[ • u •
•
• ō]
•
[ a
ā ]
[
•
•
#
a • • ā • ] [ a
•
•
u ā]
•
] ō] ᨾᦉᩅ[[cʰ][v]
] [ a •
ᩈᨾᩣᩈᨾ
ᩈᨾᩣᩈᨾᩩᩮᩛᩮᨴᩤ
ᩩ ᨴᩤ ᩅᨩᩥᨩᩣᨧᩁᨱᩈᨾᩮ
ᩣᨧᩁᨱᩈᨾᩮ ᩈᦅᩮᨲᩣ ᩮᩃᩣᦂᩅ ᩮᩃᩣᦂᩅᩥᨴᩥ ᦀᨶᨲᩮᩁᩣ ᨷᩁ ᨷᩁᩥᩈᩈᨴᨾᩈᩣᩁᨳᩥ
ᩥ ᨴᨾᩈᩣᩁᨳᩥ ᩈᨲᩣ • • • •
ᨶᩴ ᨻᩮᨴᩤᨾᩉᨲᩣᨽᦅᩅᩤ ᨽᦂ ᩮᩈᩣ ᦀᩥᨾ ᩴ ᩮᩃ

[ ᩮᨴᩅᨾᨶᩔᩣᨶ
ᩮᨴᩅᨾᨶᩔᩣᨶᩴᩴ ] [
• ᨻᩮᨴᩤ ᨽᦅᩅᩤ ] [ ᩮᩈᩣ] ᦀᩥ[ ᨾᩴ ᩮᩃᩣᦂᩴ
• • •
] [ ᩈᩮᨴᩅᦂᩴ ] [ ᩈᨾᩣᩁᦂᩴ ] [ᩈᨻᩉᦂᩴ
•
]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ᨿᨩ ᩈ[[j][s]
]
[ ē u ā a ] [ u ō] [ ā] [ ō] [ a ] [ō a ] [ ē a ] [ ā a ] [ a ]
] ᩥᦂᩩ[ᩩᩈ]ᩮᩴᩮᨥᨶ
ᨥᨶ[ ] [
ᩁᨫᩉ[[jʰ]]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
[h]
ᩮᨴᩅᨾᨶᩔᩣᨶ
ᩮᨴᩅᨾᨶᩔᩣᨶᩴᩴ ᨻᩮᨴᩤ ᨽᦅᩅᩤ ᩮᩈᩣ ᦀᩥᨾᩴ ᩮᩃᩣᦂᩴ ᩈᩮᨴᩅᦂᩴ ᩈᨾᩣᩁᦂᩴ ᩈᨻᩉᦂᩴ
[ ᩈᩔᨾᨱᨻᩣᩉᨱ] [ ] [ ᨷᨩ ᨷᨩᩴᩴ ] ᩈᩮᨴᩅᨾᨶᩔ
ᩈᩮᨴᩅᨾᨶᩔᩴ
[ ] [ ᩴ ] [ ] ᩈᨿ
ᩈᨿᩴ[ ᩴ ᦀᨽ ᦀᨽᩥᨬᩥ ] ᩣ [ ᩈᨧᩥᦂᨲᩣ] [ ᨷᩮᩅᩮᨴᨲ ᨷᩮᩅᩮᨴᨲᩥ] ᩥ ᩮᩈᩣ
] [ ] [ ᨾᩉᩣᩅ
ᨾᩉᩣᩅᩥ ᨽ
ᩥ ᩴ ᦅ ᩃᨬᩊ[ ]
[ñ][ḷ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
[ a ā i ] [ a ] [ ē u a ] [ a ] [ i ā] [ a a ā] [ ē ē ] [ ō]
ᩈᩔᨾᨱᨻᩣᩉᨱ • ᨷᨩ ᨷᨩᩴᩴ ᩈᩮᨴᩅᨾᨶᩔ
ᩈᩮᨴᩅᨾᨶᩔᩴ ᩴ ᩈᨿ
ᩈᨿᩴ
• ᩴ ᦀᨽ
ᦀᨽᩥᨬᩥ ᩣ (ᩈᨧᩥ ᦂᨲᩣ ᨷᩮᩅᩮᨴᨲ ᨷᩮᩅᩮᨴᨲᩥᩥ ᩮᩈᩣ
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
( 1 -1) 1 -1)
• • ᨭ ᦀᩴ[ṭ][ŋ̊] •
[ ᨵᨾᩴ •
ᩮᨴᩮᩈᨲᩥ]ᩥ [ᦀᩣᨴ
ᩮᨴᩮᩈᨲ ᩥ ] ᩃᩣᨱ
ᦀᩣᨴᩥᦂᦂᩃᩣᨱᩴ [ ᩴ #
[ ] [ āᩴ ] [ aᨷᩁ
ᨾᩮᨩᦂᩃᩣᨱ
ᨾᩮᨩᦂᩃᩣᨱᩴ
• •
]] [
ᩥ ᨿᩣᩈᩣᨶᦂᩃᩣᨱ
#
ᩴ ] [ ᩈᩣᨲᩴ ] ᩈᨻᨬᨶ
•
[ ] ᩴ
ᩈᨻᨬᨶᩴ • • • • • • •• • • • • • • • • • •
ᩅ[]
ū ē] [ • ā] [ i a ē ] [
ᨵᨾᩴ[• a ᩮᨴᩮᩈᨲ
ᩮᨴᩮᩈᨲᩥ
a ] [ ē ē ]
ᩥ ᦀᩣᨴ
ᦀᩣᨴᩥᦂᦂᩃᩣᨱᩴ
ᩥ [āā ᩃᩣᨱa ᩴ ā aᨾᩮᨩᦂᩃᩣᨱ
•
ᨾᩮᨩᦂᩃᩣᨱᩴ
• ᩴ
] [ a ē a ā a ] [
ᨷᩁ
ᩥ ᨿᩣᩈᩣᨶᦂᩃᩣᨱ ō ā
• ᩴ
•
ᩈᩣᨲᩴ• ᩈᨻᨬᨶ
a ā a ] [ •
ᩈᨻᨬᨶᩴ
a ] [
•ᩴ
a
•
a ] • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ᨮ [ṭʰ]
ᩈ[ ]
ᩉᨱ ᨷᨩ
ᨷᨩᩴᩴ ᩈᩮᨴᩅᨾᨶᩔ
ᩈᩮᨴᩅᨾᨶᩔᩴᩴ ᩈᨿ
[ ] [ ] [ 1 -1
ᨶᩮᨾᩣ ] ᨲᩔ [
ᨽᦅᩅᩮᨲᩣ] [ ᦀᩁᩉᩮᨲᩣ ] [
ᩈᨾᩣᩈᨾ
ᩈᨾᩣᩈᨾᩩ ᩩ ᩔ] [
ᨴᩛᨴᩔ ] ᨯ [ḍ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
ᩉ[ ]
ᩮᦂᩅᩃᨷᩁ
ᩮᦂᩅᩃᨷᩁᩥ
lah
lahuuᨷᩥ -ᨱᩴQuick Syllable
ᨷᨱᩴ ᨷᩁ
ᨷᩁᩥᩈᩈᨴᩴ
ᩥ ᨴᩴ[ ō]ᨻᩉᨧᩁ ᨻᩉᨧᩁᩥ
[ a ᨿ ᩥ ]ᩴ - [ [aaᨷᦂᩣᩮᩈᨲ
ᨷᦂᩣᩮᩈᨲᩥ
] ō[ā ] ā] [ ᩥ [ii]ᩈᩣᨵ ō] - ᩮᦃᩣ u]ᨷᨶ
[ a [u ā a - uᨲᨳᩣᩁᨷᩤ [ēē-]a ᨶ[ō
ᩴ ō] -] ᦀᩁᩉᨲ ᦀᩁᩉᨲᩴ
- ᩴ • • • • • • • • •
ᨰ [ḍʰ]
1
[ •
] [ Syllable]
garu - Prolonged
• • • •
[ [aa-]
•
] [aa[ ] •
[āā]
• •
] [ii[] •
] [īī][ ] [uu[] ]]
ū
[ū [ [ēē] • • •
[ōō]
•
] [aŋ̊
[aŋ̊] •
] ᩊ[ ]
ᨽᩅᨶᩴ ] ᩮᦅᩤ
[ ᨲᨾᨾᩴ]ᩴ ᩮᩅᩁᨬᦂᨱ
[ ᪅ᩅ
᪅ᩅᩴᩴ ᦂᩃᩣᩮᨱᩣ
] [
ᨱ [ṇ]
ᨴᩔᨶ
ᩮᩉᩣᨲᨲᨲᩥ ᦀᩴ [ ]
• [ • •
•] [ • •
] • • • • • ᨲ [t] •
( 1 -1.0
1.0)) ( 1 -1.0
1.0))
# # ᨳ [tʰ]
ละหุ - พยางคที่ออกเสียงเร็ว [ [ ēะ•] a [ •็า-] • a[ ]ิ • ] [ ]ุ [ -็ ] [ -็ ] -
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Tai Lü Script-Pāḷi and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1
ᦂ [k]
ᨿᨷᨭᨭᦂ
ᩥᦂ ᦃ [kʰ]
[] ᦅ [g]
ᨥ [gʰ]
ᨦ [ṅ]
ᨧ [c]
ᨷᩤᩁᩣᨩ
ᩣᨩᩥᦂᦂᨷᩤ
ᩥ ᨷᩤᩊᩥ
1 1 ᦉ [cʰ]
# #
[āā • āā •  • āā • ]
ᨩ [j]
ᨫ [jʰ]
( 1 -1)
ᨾᩉᩣᩅ
ᨾᩉᩣᩅᩥᨽᩥ ᦅᩴ ( 1 -1)
ᨬ [ñ]
# # ᨭ [ṭ]
[ • āā •  • aa • ]
ᨮ [ṭʰ]
1 -1 ᨶᩮᨾᩣ ᨲᩔ ᨽᦅᩅᩮᨲᩣ ᦀᩁᩉᩮᨲᩣ ᩈᨾᩣᩈᨾ

ᩈᨾᩩᨴᩛᨴᩩ ᩔ ᨯ [ḍ]
[ ōō] • [aa ] • [ ōō] • [ ōō] • [aa āā aa u
u aa ]
• • • • •
ᨰ [ḍʰ]
ᨱ [ṇ]
( 1 -1.0
1.0))
ᩮᩅᩁᨬᦂᨱ ( 1 -1.0
1.0))
ᨲ [t]
# # ᨳ [tʰ]
[ēē • aa •  • aa • ]
ᨴ [d]
1 -2 ᩮᨲᨶ ᩈᨾᩮᨿᨶ ᨻᩮᨴᩤ ᨽᦅᩅᩤ ᩮᩅᩁᨬᩣᨿᨿᩴᩴ ᩅᩉ
ᩥᩉᩁᨲᩥ
ᩁᨲᩥ ᨵ [dʰ]
[ēē ] • [ ēē ] • • u ōō]
[u • [ āā] • [ēē aa āā aa]
• • • []
ᨶ [n]
ᨶᩮᩊᩁᨷᨧᨾᩥᨾᨶᨶᨾᩮᩃ ᨾᩉᨲᩣ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩᩈᩮᩴᩮᨥᨶ
ᨥᨶ ᩈᨴ ᨷᨬᨾᩮᨲᩉᩥ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩᩈᩮᨲᩉ
ᩮᨲᩉᩥᩥ
[ ēē  aa  ū
• • ū ēē] • • • • [ āā] • [ii  aa ēē ]
• • • • [aa ii]
• [aa  aa ēē ] • • • • [ii  ēē ]
• • •
ᨷ [p]
ᦀᩮᩔᩣᩈ
ᦀᩮᩔᩣᩈᩥᩥ ᩮᦃᩣ ᩮᩅᩁᩮᨬᩣ ᨻᩣᩉᩮᨱᩣ ᩈᨾᩮᨱᩣ ᦃᩃ ᩮᨽᩣ ᩮᦅᩤᨲᩮᨾᩣ ᩈᦂᨷᩮᨲᩣ ᩈᦂᦂᩃᩣ ᨹ [pʰ]
[aa ōō ]
• • [ōō] [ēē aa ōō]
• • [ā  ōō]
• • [ ōō] • [] [ōō] [ōō  ōō] • • [aa  u
• u ōō] • • [aa  āā]
• •
ᨻ [b]
ᨷᨻ
ᨲᩣ ᩮᩅᩁᨬᩣᨿᨿᩴᩴ ᩅᩉ
ᩥᩉᩁᨲᩥ
ᩁᨲᩥ ᨶᩮᩊᩁᨷᨧᨾᩥᨾᨶᨶᨾᩮᩃ ᨾᩉᨲᩣ ᨽᦂ
ᨥᨶ ᩈᨴ ᨽ [bʰ]
[aa  ōō]• • [ēē aa āā aa]
• • • [] [ ēē  aa  ū
• • ū ēē] • • • • [ āā] • [ii  aa ēē ]
• • • • [aa ii]
•
ᨾ [m]
ᨷᨬᨾᩮᨲᩉᩥ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩᩈᩮᨲᩉ
ᩮᨲᩉᩥᩥ ᨲᩴ ᩮᦃᩣ ᨷᨶ ᨽᩅᨶᩴ ᩮᦅᩤᨲᨾᨾᩴᩴ ᪅ᩅ
᪅ᩅᩴᩴ ᦂᩃᩣᩮᨱᩣ
[aa  aa ēē ]
• • • • [ii  ēē ] • • • [aa] [ōō] [] [ aa aa]
• • [ōō  aa]• • [ēē aa]
• [aa ā ōō]
• •
ᨿ [y]
ᦂᩥᨲᩥᩈᩮᨴᩣ ᦀᨻᩩᦅᩮᨲᩣ ᦀᩥᨲᨷᩥ ᩥ ᩮᩈᩣ ᨽᦅᩅᩤ ᦀᩁᩉ
ᦀᩁᩉᩴᩴ ᩈᨾᩣᩈᨾ
ᩈᨾᩩᩮᩛᩮᨴ
ᩩ ᨴᩤ ᩁ [r]
[ii  aa ōō]
• • • [aa u
u  ōō]• • • [] [ōō] [ āā] • [ aa] • [aa āā aa u
•u ōō] • • •
ᩃ [l]
ᩅᨩᩥᨩᩣᨧᩁᨱᩈᨾᩮ ᩈᦅᩮᨲᩣ ᩮᩃᩣᦂᩅ
ᩮᩃᩣᦂᩅᩥᨴᨴᩥ  ᦀᨶᨲᩮᩁᩣ ᨷᩁᩈᩥᩈᨴᨾ
ᨴᨾᩈᩣᩁᨳ
ᩣᩁᨳᩥᩥ ᩈᨲᩣ ᩅ [v]
[ii āā  aa aa ōō]
• • • • • [ ōō] • [ōō  ū
ū]
• • u  ōō]
[ u • • • [ aa  āā ]• • • • [aa āā] •
ᩮᨴᩅᨾᨶᩔᩣᨶ
ᩣᨶᩴᩴ ᨻᩮᨴᩤ ᨽᦅᩅᩤ ᩮᩈᩣ ᦀᩥᨾᩴ ᩮᩃᩣᦂᩴ ᩈᩮᨴᩅᦂᩴ ᩈᨾᩣᩁᦂᩴ ᩈᨻᩉᦂᩴ ᩈ [s]
[ēē  u
u āā aa] u ōō]
[u [ āā] [ōō] [ aa] [ōō aa] [ ēē  aa] [ āā  aa] [ aa]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
ᩉ [h]
ᩈᩔᨾᨱᨻᩣᩉᨱ ᨷᨩ
ᨷᨩᩴᩴ ᩈᩮᨴᩅᨾᨶᩔᩴ ᩈᨿ
ᩈᨿᩴᩴ ᦀᨽ
ᦀᨽᩥᨬᨬᩣ
ᩥ ᩣ ᩈᨧᩥᦂᨲᩣ ᨷᩮᩅᩮᨴᨲ
ᨷᩮᩅᩮᨴᨲᩥᩥ ᩮᩈᩣ ᩊ [ḷ]
[aa  ā  ii]
• • • • [ aa]• [ ēē  u
• u aa]
• • • [ aa]• [ ii āā]
• • [aa  aa ā]
• • • [ ēē ēē ]
• • • [ōō]
ᦀᩴ [ŋ̊]
ᨵᨾᩴ ᩮᨴᩮᩈᨲ
ᩮᨴᩮᩈᨲᩥᩥ ᦀᩣᨴ
ᦀᩣᨴᩥᦂᦂᩃ
ᩥ ᩃᩣᨱ
ᨱᩴᩴ ᨾᩮᨩᦂᩃᩣᨱ
ᨱᩴᩴ ᨷᩁ
ᨷᩁᩥᩮᩮᨿᩣᩈᩣᨶᦂᩃ
ᩥ ᨿᩣᩈᩣᨶᦂᩃᩣᨱ
ᨱᩴᩴ ᩈᩣᨲᩴ ᩈᨻᨬᨶᩴ
[aa aa] • [ēē ēē ]• • [āā  aa ā aa]
• • • • [aa ēē aa ā aa]
• • • • [ ōō āā  aa ā aa]
• • • • • • [ aa] • [ a  aa]
• • •
lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
1
garu - Prolonged Syllable [aa-] [aa] [āā] [ii] [īī] u]
[u ū]
[ū [ēē] [ōō] aŋ̊]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
ᩮᦂᩅᩃᨷᩁ
ᩮᦂᩅᩃᨷᩁᩥᨷᨷᩥ ᨱᩴ ᨷᩁ
ᨷᩁᩥᩈᩈᩥ ᨴᩴ ᨻᩉᨧᩁᩁᩥᨿᩥ ᩴ ᨷᦂᩣᩮᩈᨲ
ᨷᦂᩣᩮᩈᨲᩥᩥ ᩈᩣᨵ ᩮᦃᩣ ᨷᨶ ᨲᨳᩣᩁᨷᩤᨶᩴ
[ēē  u
• u aa] • • u aa]
[ u • • [ aa] • [ āā ēē ] • • • [āā ] • [ōō] [] [ āā ū
ū āā aa]
• • • •
ᦀᩁᩉᨲ
ᦀᩁᩉᨲᩴᩴ ᨴᩔᨶ
ᩮᩉᩣᨲᩦᨲᩦ ᩥ
[ aa] • [aa  aa] • • [ōō  ] • •
1 -3 ᦀᨳ ᩮᦃᩣ ᩮᩅᩁᩮᨬᩣ ᨻᩣᩉᩮᨱᩣ ᩮᨿᨶ ᨽᦅᩅᩤ ᩮᨲᨶᨷᩈᩈᩴᦂᦂᨾᩥ

ᩴ ᨾᩥ
[] [ōō] [ēē aa ōō]• • [ā  ōō] • • [ēē ] • [ āā] • [ēē  aa ]
• • •
ᩏᨷᩈ
ᩏᨷᩈᩴᦂᦂᨾᩥ
ᩴ ᨾᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᩣ ᨽᦅᩅᨲᩣ ᩈᨴ ᩈᩮᨾᩣᨴᨴᩥᩥ ᩈᩮᨾᩣᨴᨶ
ᨴᨶᩦᨿᩦ ᩴ ᦂᨳ
ᦂᨳᩴᩴ ᩈᩣᩁᨱ
ᩈᩣᩁᨱᩦᨿᩦ ᩴ ᩅᨲ
ᩦ ᩈᩥᩈᩣᩮᩁᨲ
ᩣᩮᩁᨲᩣ
[ aa  ii ā]
• • • • [ āā] • [aa ii] • [aa ōō ] • • [aa ōō   aa] • • • • [ aa] • [āā   aa]
• • • [  āā ēē ā]
• • • •
᪅ᦂᨾᨶᩴ ᨶᩈᩥ ᨴᩦ ᩥ ᪅ᦂᨾᨶᩴ ᨶᩈᩥ ᩮᩥᩮ ᩮᦃᩣ ᩮᩅᩁᩮᨬᩣ ᨻᩣᩉᩮᨱᩣ ᨽᦅᩅᨶᩴ ᪅ᨲᨴᩮᩅᩤᨧ
[ēē  aa aa]
• • • [  ] • • [ēē  aa aa]
• • • [ ii ōō]
• • [ōō] [ēē aa ōō] • • [ā  ōō] • • [ aa aa] • • [ēē  ōō ]
• • •
ᩈᨲᩴ ᩮᨾᨲ
ᩮᨾᨲᩴᩴ ᩮᨽᩣ ᩮᦅᩤᨲᨾ ᨶ ᩈᨾᩮᨱᩣ ᩮᦅᩤᨲᩮᨾᩣ ᨻᩣᩉᩮᨱ ᨩᩮᩥᩮᨱ
ᨱ ᩅᨯᩮ ᨾᩉᩃᩮᦂ
[ aa]
• [ēē aa] • [ōō] [ōō ] • [] [ ōō] • [ōō  ōō] • • [ā  ēē] • • [ii ēē] • u ēē]
[u • [ aa  ēē] • • •
ᦀᨴᦅᩮᨲ ᩅᩮᨿᩣᨶᨷᩮᨲ ᦀᨽ
ᦀᨽᩥᩅᩅᩤᩥ ᩤᩮᨴᨲ
ᨴᨲᩥᩥ ᩅᩤ ᨷᨧᩩᨭᩮᨲᨲᩥᩥ ᩅᩤ ᦀᩣᩈᩮᨶᨶ ᩅᩤ ᨶᨾᩥᨾᩮᨶ
ᩮᨶᨲᨲ
ᩦ ᩥ
[aa  ēē]
• • [ ōō  u
u aa ēē]
• • • • • [ āā ēē ] • • • [āā] [aa u
u ēē ] • • • [āā] [āā  ēē ]
• • • [āā] [ aa ēē  ]
• • • •
ᨲᨿ
ᨲᨿᩥᨴᩥ ᩴ ᩮᨽᩣ ᩮᦅᩤᨲᨾ ᨲᩮᨳᩅ ᨶ ᩉᩥ ᨽᩅ
ᨽᩅᩴᩴ ᩮᦅᩤᨲᩮᨾᩣ ᨻᩣᩉᩮᨱ ᨩᩮᩥᩮᨱ
ᨱ ᩅᨯᩮ
[ aa] • [ōō] [ōō ] • [ ēē ] • • [] [] [ aa] • [ōō  ōō] • • [ā  ēē] • • [ii ēē] • u ēē]
[u •
ᨾᩉᩃᩮᦂ ᦀᨴᦅᩮᨲ ᩅᩮᨿᩣᨶᨷᩮᨲ ᦀᨽ

ᦀᨽᩥᩅᩅᩤᩥ ᩤᩮᨴᨲ
ᨴᨲᩥᩥ ᩅᩤ ᨷᨧᩩᨭᩮᨲᨲᩥᩥ ᩅᩤ ᦀᩣᩈᩮᨶᨶ ᩅᩤ
[ aa  ēē]
• • • [aa  ēē]
• • [ ōō  u
u aa ēē]
• • • • • [ āā ēē ] • • • [āā] [aa u
u ēē ] • • • [āā] [āā  ēē ]
• • • [āā]
ᨶᨾᩥᨾᩮᨶ
ᩮᨶᨲᩥ ᨲᨿ
ᨲᨿᩥᨴᩥ ᩴ ᩮᨽᩣ ᩮᦅᩤᨲᨾ ᨶ ᩈᨾᨶᩮᨾᩅᩤᨲᩥ
[ aa ēē ]
• • • [ aa] • [ōō] [ōō ]
• [] [aa aa  ēē āā ] • • • • •
1 -4 ᩉ
ᩉᩴᩴ ᨲᩴ ᨻᩣᩉᨱ ᨷᩔᩣᨾ
ᨷᩔᩣᨾᩥᩥ ᩈᩮᨴᩅᩮᦂ ᩮᩃᩣᩮᦂ ᩈᨾᩣᩁᩮᦂ ᩈᨻᩉᩮᦂ
[āā aa] • [aa] [ā ] • [aa āā ] • • [ ēē  ēē] • • • [ōō ēē] • [ āā  ēē]
• • • [ ēē] •
ᩈᩔᨾᨱᨻᩣᩉᨱᨿ
ᩥᨿᩣᩣ ᨷᨩᩣᨿ ᩈᩮᨴᩅᨾᨶᩔᩣᨿ ᨿᨾᩉ
ᨿᨾᩉᩴᩴ ᦀᨽ
ᦀᨽᩥᩅᩅᩤᩥ ᩤᩮᨴᨿᩴ ᩅᩤ ᨷᨧᩩᨭᩮᨿᩴ
[aa  ā  āā]
• • • • [ āā ] • • [ ēē  u
• u āā ] • • • • [ aa] • [ āā  aa]• • • [āā] [aa u
u  aa] • • •
ᩅᩤ ᦀᩣᩈᩮᨶᨶ ᩅᩤ ᨶᨾᩥᨾᩮᨶ
ᩮᨶᨿᩴ ᨿᨬᩥ ᨻᩣᩉᨱ ᨲᨳᩣᦅᩮᨲᩣ ᦀᨽ
ᦀᨽᩥᩅᩅᩤᩥ ᩤᩮᨴᨿ ᩅᩤ ᨷᨧᩩᨭᩮᨿ
[āā] [āā  ēē ]
• • • [āā] [ aa  aa]
• • • [aa ] • [ā ] • [ āā  ōō] • • • [ āā  ] • • • [āā] [aa u
u  ] • • •
ᩅᩤ ᦀᩣᩈᩮᨶᨶ ᩅᩤ ᨶᨾᩥᨾᩮᨶ
ᩮᨶᨿ ᨾᨴᩤᨷᩥ ᨲᩔ ᩅᨷᩥᨷᩮᨲᨿ
ᩮᨲᨿᩣᨲᨲᩥᩥ
[āā] [āā  ēē ]
• • • [āā] [ aa  ]
• • • u āā ]
[u • • [aa ] • [  āā ] • • •
1 -5 ᦀᩁᩈᩁᩮᨷᩤ ᨽᩅ
ᨽᩅᩴᩴ ᩮᦅᩤᨲᩮᨾᩣᨲ
ᩮᨾᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᦀᨲᩥ ᦃᩮᩅᩈ ᨻᩣᩉᨱ ᨷᩁ
ᨷᩁᩥᨿᨿᩣᩮᨿᩣ
ᩥ ᩣᩮᨿᩣ ᩮᨿᨶ ᨾᩴ
ū ōō]
[ ū • • [ aa] • [ōō  ōō ]
• • • [aa ] • [ē ] • [ā ] • [ āā ōō] • • [ēē ] • [aa]
ᨷᩁ
ᨷᩁᩥᨿᨿᩣᩮᨿᨶ
ᩥ ᩣᩮᨿᨶ ᩈᨾᩣ ᩅᨴᨾᩣᩮ ᩅᩮᨴᨿ ᦀᩁᩈᩁᩮᨷᩤ ᩈᨾᩮᨱᩣ ᩮᦅᩤᨲᩮᨾᩣᨲ
ᩮᨾᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᩮᨿ ᩮᨲ ᨻᩣᩉᨱ
[ āā ēē ] • • • [aa āā] • [ āā ōō] • • [  ] • • ū ōō]
[ ū • • [ ōō] • [ōō  ōō ] • • • [ēē] [ēē] [ā ] •
ᩁᨷᩁᩈᩣ ᩈᨴᩁᩈᩣ ᦅᨶᩁᩈᩣ ᩁᩈᩁᩈᩣ ᩮᨹᩣᨭᨻᩁᩛᩁᩈᩣ

ᩈᩣ ᩮᨲ ᨲᨳᩣᦅᨲᩔ ᨷᩉ
ᨷᩉᩦᩦ
ū  āā]
[ū • • [aa  āā] • • [aa  āā] • • [ āā] • [ aa  āā] • • • [ēē] [ āā  aa ]
• • • • [  āā] • •
ᩏᨧᩥᨶᨾᩃᩣ ᨲᩣᩃᩣᩅᨲᩩᦂᨲᩣ ᦀᨶᨽᩣᩅ

ᦀᨶᨽᩣᩅᩴᦂᦂᨲᩣ
ᩴ ᨲᩣ ᦀᩣᨿᨲ ᦀᨶᨷᩤᨴᨵᨾᩣ ᦀᨿ
ᦀᨿᩴᩴ ᩮᦃᩣ
u ii  ū
[u • ū āā] • • • [āā āā aa  āā]
• • • • [ āā aa  āā]
• • • • [āā  ii]
• • u āā  aa āā]
[ u • • • • • [ aa] • [ōō]
ᨻᩣᩉᨱ ᨷᩁ
ᩥ ᩣᩮᨿᩣ ᩮᨿᨶ ᨾᩴ ᨷᩁ
ᩥ ᩣᩮᨿᨶ ᩈᨾᩣ ᩅᨴᨾᩣᩮ ᩅᩮᨴᨿ ᦀᩁᩈᩁᩮᨷᩤ
[ā ] • [ āā ōō] • • [ēē ] • [aa] [ āā ēē ] • • • [aa āā] • [ āā ōō] • • [  ]
• • ū ōō]
[ ū • •
ᩈᨾᩮᨱᩣ ᩮᦅᩤᨲᩮᨾᩣᨲ
ᩮᨾᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᩮ ᨧ ᩮᦃᩣ ᨿᩴ ᨲᩴ ᩈᨿ ᩅᩮᨴᩈ
ᩅᩮᨴᩈᩦᨲᩦ ᩥ
[ ōō] • [ōō  ōō ]
• • • [ōō] [] [ōō] [aa] [a] [aa āā ] • • [ ēē  ] • • •
1 -6 ᨶᩮᩥᩮᨻᨻᩣᩮᦅᩤ ᨽᩅ
[ii ōō ōō] • • [ aa] • [ōō  ōō ] • • • [aa ] • [ē ] • [ā ] • [ āā ōō] • • [ēē ] • [aa]
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
2
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
ᨷᩁ
ᩥ ᩣᩮᨿᨶ ᩈᨾᩣ ᩅᨴᨾᩣᩮ ᩅᩮᨴᨿ ᨶᩮᩥᩮᨻᨻᩣᩮᦅᩤ ᩈᨾᩮᨱᩣ ᩮᦅᩤᨲᩮᨾᩣᨲ
ᩮᨾᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᩮᨿ ᩮᨲ
[ āā ēē ] [aa āā] [ āā ōō] [  ] [ii ōō ōō] [ ōō] [ōō  ōō ] [ēē] [ēē]
ᦂ [k]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •
ᨻᩣᩉᨱ ᩁᨷᩮᨽᩣᦅᩤ ᩈᨴᩮᨽᩣᦅᩤ ᦅᨶᩮᨽᩣᦅᩤ ᩁᩈᩮᨽᩣᦅᩤ ᩮᨹᩣᨭᨻᩮᩛᩮᨽᩣᦅᩤ

ᨽᩣᦅᩤ ᩮᨲ ᦃ [kʰ]
[ā ]
• ū  ōō āā]
[ū • • • [aa  ōō āā] • • • [aa  ōō āā] • • • [ ōō āā] • • [ aa  ōō āā]
• • • • [ēē]
ᦅ [g]
ᨲᨳᩣᦅᨲᩔ ᨷᩉ
ᨷᩉᩦᩦ ᩏᨧᩥᨶᨾᩃᩣ ᨲᩣᩃᩣᩅᨲᩩᦂᨲᩣ ᦀᨶᨽᩣᩅ
ᩴ ᨲᩣ ᦀᩣᨿᨲ
[ āā  aa ]
• • • • [  āā] • • u ii  ū
[u • ū āā] • • • [āā āā aa  āā]
• • • • [ āā aa  āā]
• • • • [āā  ii]
• • ᨥ [gʰ]
ᦀᨶᨷᩤᨴᨵᨾᩣ ᦀᨿ
ᦀᨿᩴᩴ ᩮᦃᩣ ᨻᩣᩉᨱ ᨷᩁ
ᩥ ᩣᩮᨿᨶ ᩈᨾᩣ ᨦ [ṅ]
u āā  aa āā]
[ u
• • • • • [ aa]• [ōō] [ā ] • [ āā ōō] • • [ēē ] • [aa] [ āā ēē ] • • • [aa āā] •
ᨧ [c]
ᩅᨴᨾᩣᩮ ᩅᩮᨴᨿ ᨶᩮᩥᩮᨻᨻᩣᩮᦅᩤ ᩈᨾᩮᨱᩣ ᩮᦅᩤᨲᩮᨾᩣᨲ

ᩮᨾᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᩮ ᨧ ᩮᦃᩣ ᨿᩴ ᨲᩴ ᩈᨿ ᦉ [cʰ]
[ āā ōō] • • [  ] • • [ii ōō ōō] • • [ ōō] • [ōō  ōō ] • • • [ōō] [] [ōō] [aa] [a] [aa āā ] • •
ᨩ [j]
ᩅᩮᨴᩈ
[ ēē  ]
• • • ᨫ [jʰ]
1 -7 ᦀᦂᩥᩁᨿ
ᩥᨿᩅᩤᩅᩤᩮᨴᩤ ᨽᩅ
ᩥ ᩣᩮᨿᩣ ᩮᨿᨶ ᨬ [ñ]
[ āā ōō] • • [ aa] • [ōō  ōō ]
• • • [aa ] • [ē ] • [ā ]
• [ āā ōō] • • [ēē ]•
ᨭ [ṭ]
ᨾᩴ ᨷᩁ
ᩥ ᩣᩮᨿᨶ ᩈᨾᩣ ᩅᨴᨾᩣᩮ ᩅᩮᨴᨿ ᦀᦂᩥᩁᨿ
ᩥᨿᩅᩤᩅᩤᩮᨴᩤ ᩈᨾᩮᨱᩣ ᩮᦅᩤᨲᩮᨾᩣᨲ
ᩮᨾᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᦀᩉᨬᩥ ᨮ [ṭʰ]
[aa] [ āā ēē ] • • • [aa āā] • [ āā ōō] • • [  ] • • [ āā ōō] • • [ ōō] • [ōō  ōō ] • • • [ aa ]
• •
ᨯ [ḍ]
ᨻᩣᩉᨱ ᦀᦂᩥᩁᨿ
ᩥ ᩴ ᩅᨴᩤᨾᩥ ᦂᩣᨿᨴᨧᩁᨲ
ᩥᨲᩔ
ᩔ ᩅᨧ
ᩅᨧᩦᨴᨴᩦ ᨧᩁᨲ
ᩥᨲᩔ
ᩔ ᨾᩮᨴᨧᩁᨲ
ᩥᨲᩔ
ᩔ
[ā ]
• [ aa] • [ āā ] • • [āā  u
u  aa ]
• • • • • u  aa ]
[  u • • • • • [ ōō u
u  aa ]
• • • • • ᨰ [ḍʰ]
ᦀᩮᨶᦂᩅ
ᦀᩮᨶᦂᩅᩥᩉ
ᩥ ᨲ
ᩥᨲᩣᨶᩴ
ᩣᨶᩴ ᨷᩤᨷᦂᩣᨶ
ᦂᩣᨶᩴᩴ ᦀᦂᩈᩃᩣᨶ
ᩃᩣᨶᩴᩴ ᨵᨾᩣᨶᨶᩴᩴ ᦀᦂᩥᩁᨿ
ᩥ ᩴ ᩅᨴᩤᨾᩥ ᦀᨿ
ᦀᨿᩴᩴ ᩮᦃᩣ ᨱ [ṇ]
[ ēē  āā aa]
• • • • [āā  āā aa] • • • [ āā aa] • • [aa āā aa] • • [ aa] • [ āā ]
• • [ aa] • [ōō]
ᨲ [t]
ᩥ ᩣᩮᨿᨶ ᩈᨾᩣ ᩅᨴᨾᩣᩮ ᩅᩮᨴᨿ ᦀᦂᩥᩁᨿ
ᩥᨿᩅᩤᩅᩤᩮᨴᩤ ᨳ [tʰ]
[ā ]
• [ āā ōō] • • [ēē ] • [aa] [ āā ēē ] • • • [aa āā] • [ āā ōō] • • [  ] • • [ āā ōō] • •
ᨴ [d]
[ ōō] • [ōō  ōō ]
• • • [ōō] [] [ōō] [aa] [a] [aa āā ] • • [ ēē  ] • • •
ᨵ [dʰ]
1 -8 ᩏᩮᨧᨴᩅᩤᩮᨴᩤ ᨽᩅ
ᩥ ᩣᩮᨿᩣ ᩮᨿᨶ ᨶ [n]
u ēē  āā ōō]
[u • • • • [ aa] • [ōō  ōō ] • • • [aa ] • [ē ] • [ā ] • [ āā ōō] • • [ēē ]
•
ᨷ [p]
ᨾᩴ ᨷᩁ
ᩥ ᩣᩮᨿᨶ ᩈᨾᩣ ᩅᨴᨾᩣᩮ ᩅᩮᨴᨿ ᩏᩮᨧᨴᩅᩤᩮᨴᩤ ᩈᨾᩮᨱᩣ ᩮᦅᩤᨲᩮᨾᩣᨲ
ᩮᨾᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᦀᩉᨬᩥ ᨹ [pʰ]
[aa] [ āā ēē ] • • • [aa āā] • [ āā ōō] • • [  ] • • u ēē  āā ōō]
[u • • • • [ ōō] • [ōō  ōō ] • • • [ aa ]
• •
ᨻ [b]
ᨻᩣᩉᨱ ᩏᩮᨧᨴᩴ ᩅᨴᩤᨾᩥ ᩁᩣᦅᩔ ᩮᨴᩤᩈᩔ ᩮᨾᩣᩉᩔ ᦀᩮᨶᦂᩅ
ᩥ ᨲ
ᩥᨲᩣᨶᩴ
ᦂᩣᨶᩴᩴ
[ā ]
• u ēē aa]
[u • • [ āā ] • • [āā aa ]
• • [ōō aa ] • • [ōō aa ] • • [ ēē  āā aa]
• • • • [āā  āā aa]
• • •
ᨽ [bʰ]
ᦀᦂᩈᩃᩣᨶ
ᩃᩣᨶᩴᩴ ᨵᨾᩣᨶᨶᩴᩴ ᩏᩮᨧᨴᩴ ᩅᨴᩤᨾᩥ ᦀᨿ
ᩥ ᩣᩮᨿᩣ ᩮᨿᨶ ᨾᩴ ᨾ [m]
[ āā aa] • • [aa āā aa] • • u ēē aa]
[u • • [ āā ] • • [ aa]• [ōō] [ā ] • [ āā ōō] • • [ēē ] • [aa]
ᨿ [y]
ᨷᩁ
ᩥ ᩣᩮᨿᨶ ᩈᨾᩣ ᩅᨴᨾᩣᩮ ᩅᩮᨴᨿ ᩏᩮᨧᨴᩅᩤᩮᨴᩤ ᩈᨾᩮᨱᩣ ᩮᦅᩤᨲᩮᨾᩣᨲ
ᩮᨾᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᩮ ᨧ ᩮᦃᩣ ᩁ [r]
[ āā ēē ]
• • • [aa āā] • [ āā ōō] • • [  ] • • u ēē  āā ōō]
[u • • • • [ ōō] • [ōō  ōō ] • • • [ōō] [] [ōō]
ᩃ [l]
ᨿᩴ ᨲᩴ ᩈᨿ ᩅᩮᨴᩈ
[aa] [a] [aa āā ] • • [ ēē  ]
• • •
ᩅ [v]
1 -9 ᩮᨩᦅᨧᩦ ᨽᩅ
ᩥ ᩣᩮᨿᩣ ᩮᨿᨶ ᩈ [s]
[ēē u
u ]• • [ aa] • [ōō  ōō ] • • • [aa ] • [ē ] • [ā ] • [ āā ōō] • • [ēē ] •
ᩉ [h]
ᨾᩴ ᨷᩁ
ᩥ ᩣᩮᨿᨶ ᩈᨾᩣ ᩅᨴᨾᩣᩮ ᩅᩮᨴᨿ ᩮᨩᦅᨧᩦ ᩈᨾᩮᨱᩣ ᩮᦅᩤᨲᩮᨾᩣᨲ
ᩮᨾᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᦀᩉᨬᩥ ᩊ [ḷ]
[aa] [ āā ēē ] • • • [aa āā] • [ āā ōō] • • [  ] • • [ēē u
u ]• • [ ōō] • [ōō  ōō ] • • • [ aa ]• •
ᦀᩴ [ŋ̊]
ᨻᩣᩉᨱ ᨩᦅᩥᦅᨧᩣᨾᨾᩥᩥ ᦂᩣᨿᨴᨧᩁᩮᩥᩮᨲᨶ
ᨲᨶ ᩅᨧ
ᩅᨧᩦᨴᨴᩦ ᨧᩁᩮᩥᩮᨲᨶ
ᨲᨶ ᨾᩮᨴᨧᩁᩮᩥᩮᨲᨶ
ᨲᨶ
[ā ]
• u āā ]
[ u • • • [āā  u
u  ēē ]
• • • • • u  ēē ]
[  u • • • • • [ ōō u
u  ēē ]
• • • • •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
3
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
ᦀᩮᨶᦂᩅ
ᩥ ᨲ
ᩥᨲᩣᨶᩴ
ᦂᩣᨶᩴᩴ ᦀᦂᩈᩃᩣᨶ
ᩃᩣᨶᩴᩴ ᨵᨾᩣᨶᨶᩴᩴ ᩈᨾᩣᨷᨲᩥᨿᩣ ᨩᦅᩥᦅᨧᩣᨾᨾᩥᩥ ᦀᨿ
[ ēē  āā aa]
• • • • [āā  āā aa]
• • • [ āā aa] • • [aa āā aa] • • [ āā aa  āā]
• • • • u āā ]
[ u
• • • [ aa]
• [ōō]
ᩥ ᩣᩮᨿᨶ ᩈᨾᩣ ᩅᨴᨾᩣᩮ ᩅᩮᨴᨿ ᩮᨩᦅᨧᩦ ᩈᨾᩮᨱᩣ
[ā ]
• [ āā ōō] • • [ēē ] • [aa] [ āā ēē ] • • • [aa āā] • [ āā ōō] • • [  ]
• • [ēē u
u ] • • [ ōō] •
ᩮᦅᩤᨲᩮᨾᩣᨲ
[ōō  ōō ]
• • • [ōō] [] [ōō] [aa] [a] [aa āā ] • • [ ēē  ] • • •
1 -10 ᩮᩅᨶᨿ
ᩮᩅᨶᨿᩥᩮᩮᦂᩣ
ᩥ ᦂᩣ ᨽᩅ
[ēē  ōō]
• • [ aa] • [ōō  ōō ]
• • • [aa ] • [ē ] • [ā ] • [ āā ōō] • • [ēē ] • [aa]
ᨷᩁ
ᩥ ᩣᩮᨿᨶ ᩈᨾᩣ ᩅᨴᨾᩣᩮ ᩅᩮᨴᨿ ᩮᩅᨶᨿ
ᩥ ᦂᩣ ᩈᨾᩮᨱᩣ ᩮᦅᩤᨲᩮᨾᩣᨲ
ᩮᨾᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᦀᩉᨬᩥ ᨻᩣᩉᨱ
[ āā ēē ]
• • • [aa āā] • [ āā ōō] • • [  ] • • [ēē  ōō] • • [ ōō] • [ōō  ōō ] • • • [ aa ]
• • [ā ] •
ᩅᨶᩥᨶᨿᩣᨿ
ᨿᩣᨿ ᨵᨾᩴ ᩮᨴᩮᩈᨾ
ᩮᨴᩮᩈᨾᩥᩥ ᩁᩣᦅᩔ ᩮᨴᩤᩈᩔ ᩮᨾᩣᩉᩔ ᦀᩮᨶᦂᩅ
ᩥ ᨲ
ᩥᨲᩣᨶᩴ
ᦂᩣᨶᩴᩴ
[ āā ] • • [aa aa] • [ēē ēē ] • • [āā aa ]
• • [ōō aa ] • • [ōō aa ] • • [ ēē  āā aa]
• • • • [āā  āā aa]
• • •
ᦀᦂᩈᩃᩣᨶ
ᩃᩣᨶᩴᩴ ᨵᨾᩣᨶᨶᩴᩴ ᩅᨶᩥᨶᨿᩣᨿ
ᨿᩣᨿ ᨵᨾᩴ ᩮᨴᩮᩈᨾ
ᩮᨴᩮᩈᨾᩥᩥ ᦀᨿ
ᩥ ᩣᩮᨿᩣ ᩮᨿᨶ
[ āā aa] • • [aa āā aa] • • [ āā ] • • [aa aa] • [ēē ēē ] • • [ aa]• [ōō] [ā ]
• [ āā ōō] • • [ēē ]
•
ᨾᩴ ᨷᩁ
ᩥ ᩣᩮᨿᨶ ᩈᨾᩣ ᩅᨴᨾᩣᩮ ᩅᩮᨴᨿ ᩮᩅᨶᨿ
ᩥ ᦂᩣ ᩈᨾᩮᨱᩣ ᩮᦅᩤᨲᩮᨾᩣᨲ
ᩮᨾᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᩮ ᨧ ᩮᦃᩣ
[aa] [ āā ēē ] • • • [aa āā] • [ āā ōō] • • [  ] • • [ēē  ōō] • • [ ōō] • [ōō  ōō ] • • • [ōō] [] [ōō]
ᨿᩴ ᨲᩴ ᩈᨿ ᩅᩮᨴᩈ

[aa] [a] [aa āā ] • • [ ēē  ] • • •
1 -11 ᨲᨷᩔ
ᨲᨷᩔᩦᩦ ᨽᩅ
[ aa ]
• • [ aa]• [ōō  ōō ]
• • • [aa ] • [ē ] • [ā ] • [ āā ōō] • • [ēē ] • [aa]
ᨷᩁ
ᩥ ᩣᩮᨿᨶ ᩈᨾᩣ ᩅᨴᨾᩣᩮ ᩅᩮᨴᨿ ᨲᨷᩔ
ᨲᨷᩔᩦᩦ ᩈᨾᩮᨱᩣ ᩮᦅᩤᨲᩮᨾᩣᨲ
ᩮᨾᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᨲᨷᨶ
ᨲᨷᨶᩦᨿᨿᩣᩉᩴ
ᩦ ᩣᩉᩴ
[ āā ēē ]
• • • [aa āā] • [ āā ōō] • • [  ] • • [ aa ]• • [ ōō] • [ōō  ōō ] • • • [  āā aa] • • •
ᨻᩣᩉᨱ ᨷᩤᨷᩮᦂ ᦀᦂᩈᩮᩃ ᨵᩮᨾ ᩅᨴᩤᨾᩥ ᦂᩣᨿᨴᨧᩁᨲ

ᩥ ᩴ ᩅᨧ
ᩅᨧᩦᨴᨴᩦ ᨧᩁᨲ
ᩥ ᩴ
[ā ]
• [āā  ēē] • • [ ēē] • [aa ēē] • [ āā ] • • [āā  u
u  aa]
• • • • u  aa]
[  u • • • •
ᨾᩮᨴᨧᩁᨲ
ᩥ ᩴ ᨿᩔ ᩮᦃᩣ ᨻᩣᩉᨱ ᨲᨷᨶ
ᨲᨷᨶᩦᨿᨿᩣ
ᩦ ᩣ ᨷᩤᨷᦂᩣ ᦀᦂᩈᩃᩣ ᨵᨾᩣ ᨷᩉ
ᨷᩉᩦᩦ
[ ōō u
u  aa]
• • • • [aa ] • [ōō] [ā ] • [  āā] • • [āā  āā] • • [ āā] • [aa āā] • [  āā] • •

ᩴ ᨲᩣ ᦀᩣᨿᨲ ᦀᨶᨷᩤᨴᨵᨾᩣ ᨲᨾᩉ
ᨲᨾᩉᩴᩴ ᨲᨷᩔ
ᨲᨷᩔᩦᨲᩦ ᩥ
u ii  ū
[u • ū āā] • • • [āā āā aa  āā]
• • • • [ āā aa  āā]• • • • [āā  ii]• • u āā  aa āā]
[ u • • • • • [ aa] • [ aa  ]
• • •
ᩅᨴᩤᨾᩥ ᨲᨳᩣᦅᨲᩔ ᩮᦃᩣ ᨻᩣᩉᨱ ᨲᨷᨶ

ᨲᨷᨶᩦᨿᨿᩣ
ᩦ ᩣ ᨷᩤᨷᦂᩣ ᦀᦂᩈᩃᩣ ᨵᨾᩣ ᨷᩉ
ᨷᩉᩦᩦ
[ āā ]
• • [ āā  aa ]
• • • • [ōō] [ā ]• [  āā] • • [āā  āā] • • [ āā] • [aa āā] • [  āā] • •

u ii  ū
[u • ū āā] • • • [āā āā aa  āā]
• • • • [ āā aa  āā]• • • • [āā  ii]• • u āā  aa āā]
[ u • • • • • [ aa] • [ōō]
ᩥ ᩣᩮᨿᨶ ᩈᨾᩣ ᩅᨴᨾᩣᩮ ᩅᩮᨴᨿ ᨲᨷᩔ
ᨲᨷᩔᩦᩦ ᩈᨾᩮᨱᩣ
[ā ]
• [ āā ōō] • • [ēē ] • [aa] [ āā ēē ] • • • [aa āā] • [ āā ōō] • • [  ]
• • [ aa ] • • [ ōō] •
ᩮᦅᩤᨲᩮᨾᩣᨲ
[ōō  ōō ]
• • • [ōō] [] [ōō] [aa] [a] [aa āā ] • • [ ēē  ] • • •
1 -12 ᦀᨷᦅᩮᨻᩣ ᨽᩅ
ᩥ ᩣᩮᨿᩣ ᩮᨿᨶ
[ aa ōō] • • [ aa] • [ōō  ōō ]
• • • [aa ] • [ē ] • [ā ] • [ āā ōō] • • [ēē ] •
ᨾᩴ ᨷᩁ
ᩥ ᩣᩮᨿᨶ ᩈᨾᩣ ᩅᨴᨾᩣᩮ ᩅᩮᨴᨿ ᦀᨷᦅᩮᨻᩣ ᩈᨾᩮᨱᩣ ᩮᦅᩤᨲᩮᨾᩣᨲ
ᩮᨾᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᨿᩔ ᩮᦃᩣ
[aa] [ āā ēē ] • • • [aa āā] • [ āā ōō] • • [  ] • • [ aa ōō] • • [ ōō] • [ōō  ōō ] • • • [aa ] • [ōō]
ᨻᩣᩉᨱ ᦀᩣᨿᨲ ᦅᨻᩮᩈᨿᩣ ᨷᨶᨻᩅᩤᨽᨶᩥ ᨻᩥ ᨲ

ᩛᨲᩥ ᨷᩉ
ᨷᩉᩦᩦ ᩏᨧᩥᨶᨾᩃᩣ
[ā ]
• [āā  ii]
• • [aa   āā] • • • [ aa  āā  ii aa ]
• • • • • • • [  āā] • • u ii  ū
[u • ū āā] • • •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
4
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
ᨲᩣᩃᩣᩅᨲᩩᦂᨲᩣ ᦀᨶᨽᩣᩅ
ᩴ ᨲᩣ ᦀᩣᨿᨲ ᦀᨶᨷᩤᨴᨵᨾᩣ ᨲᨾᩉ
ᨲᨾᩉᩴᩴ ᦀᨷᦅᩮᨻᩣᨲᨲᩥᩥ ᩅᨴᩤᨾᩥ
[āā āā aa  āā] [ āā aa  āā] [āā  ii] u āā  aa āā]
[ u [ aa] [ aa ōō ] [ āā ]
ᦂ [k]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
ᨲᨳᩣᦅᨲᩔ ᩮᦃᩣ ᨻᩣᩉᨱ ᦀᩣᨿᨲ ᦅᨻᩮᩈᨿᩣ ᨷᨶᨻᩅᩤᨽᨶᩥ ᨻᩥ ᨲ

ᩛᨲᩥ ᨷᩉ
ᨷᩉᩦᩦ ᦃ [kʰ]
[ āā  aa ]
• • • • [ōō] [ā ] • [āā  ii]
• • [aa   āā] • • • [ aa  āā  ii aa ]
• • • • • • • [  āā] • •
ᦅ [g]
u ii  ū
[u • ū āā] • • • [āā āā aa  āā]
• • • • [ āā aa  āā] • • • • [āā  ii]
• • u āā  aa āā]
[ u • • • • • [ aa]• [ōō] ᨥ [gʰ]
ᩥ ᩣᩮᨿᨶ ᩈᨾᩣ ᩅᨴᨾᩣᩮ ᩅᩮᨴᨿ ᦀᨷᦅᩮᨻᩣ ᨦ [ṅ]
[ā ] • [ āā ōō] • • [ēē ] • [aa] [ āā ēē ] • • • [aa āā] • [ āā ōō] • • [  ] • • [ aa ōō] • •
ᨧ [c]
ᩅᩮᨴᩈᩥᩥ ᦉ [cʰ]
[ ōō] • [ōō  ōō ]
• • • [ōō] [] [ōō] [aa] [a] [aa āā ] • • [ ēē ] • •
ᨩ [j]
1 -13 ᩮᩈᨿᨳᩣᨷ
ᩣᨷᩥᩥ ᨻᩣᩉᨱ ᦂᦂᩩᨭᨿ
ᩥᨿᩣᩣ ᦀᨱᩣᨶᨶᩥᩥ ᦀᨭ ᩅᩤ ᨴᩈ ᩅᩤ ᨴᩣᨴᩈ
[  āā ] • • • [ā ] • u  āā]
[u • • [aa āā ] • • [aa ] • [āā] [] [āā] [ā ] • ᨫ [jʰ]
ᩅᩤ ᨲᩣᨶᩔ ᦂᦂᩩᨭᨿ
ᩥᨿᩣᩣ ᩈᨾᩣ ᦀᨵ
ᦀᨵᩥᩈᩈᨿᩥ
ᩥ ᨿᨲᨲᩣᨶᩥ
ᩥ ᩣᨶᩥ ᩈᨾᩣ ᨷᩁ
ᨷᩁᩥᩮᩮᩈᨴᩥ
ᩥ ᩈᨴᨲᨲᩣᨶᩥ
ᩥ ᩣᨶᩥ ᩈᨾᩣ ᨷᩁ
ᨷᩁᩥᨽᨽᩣᩅᩥ
ᩥ ᩣᩅᨲᨲᩣᨶᩥ
ᩥ ᩣᨶᩥ ᨬ [ñ]
[āā] [āā aa ] • • u  āā]
[u • • [aa āā] • [ āā ] • • [aa āā] • [ ēē  āā ] • • • • [aa āā] • [ āā  āā ] • • • •
ᨭ [ṭ]
ᩮᨿᩣ ᨶ ᩮᦃᩣ ᩮᨲᩈ

ᩮᨲᩈᩴᩴ ᦂᦂᩩᨭᨧᩣᨷᦂᩣᨶ
ᨷᦂᩣᨶᩴᩴ ᨷᨮᨾᨲᩁ
ᨷᨮᨾᨲᩁᩴᩴ ᨷᩤᨴᨶᦃᩈ
ᨶᦃᩈᩥᦃᦃᩣᨿ
ᩥ ᩣᨿ ᩅᩤ ᨮ [ṭʰ]
[ōō] [] [ōō] [ēē aa]
• u  aa āā  āā aa]
[u • • • • • • [ aa] • [āā  āā ]
• • • [āā]
ᨯ [ḍ]
ᨾᦃᨲᨱᩮᦂᨶ ᩅᩤ ᦀᨱᩮᦂᩣᩈ
ᦂᩣᩈᩴᩴ ᨷᨴᩤᩮᩃᨲᩣ ᩮᩈᩣᨲᩥ ᦀᨽ
ᦀᨽᩥᨶᩥ ᨻᩥᨻᩥᩮᨩᨿ ᦂᩥᨶᩥ ᩈᩣᩔ
u  ēē ]
[ u • • • • [āā] [aa  ōō aa]
• • • [ āā ēē ā] • • • [  āā] • • [ ii ii  ]
• • • • [ii ] • [ ] • ᨰ [ḍʰ]
ᩅᨧᨶ
ᩅᨧᨶᩦᩮᩮᨿᩣ
ᩦ ᨿᩣ ᩮᨩᨭ ᩅᩤ ᦂᨶ
ᦂᨶᩥᨭᨭᩥ  ᩅᩤᨲᩥ ᩮᨩᨭᨲᩔ
ᩥ ᩮᨽᩣ ᩮᦅᩤᨲᨾ ᩅᨧᨶ
ᩅᨧᨶᩦᩮᩮᨿᩣ
ᩦ ᨿᩣ ᩮᩈᩣ ᩉᩥ ᩮᨶᩈ
ᩮᨶᩈᩴᩴ ᨱ [ṇ]
[  ōō] • • [ ōō] • [āā] [ ii ōō]
• • [āā ] • [ ōō ii ]
• • • [ōō] [ōō ] • [  ōō] • • [ōō] [] [ēē aa] •
ᨲ [t]
ᩮᨩᨭ ᩮᩉᩣᨲ
ᩮᩉᩣᨲᩦᨲᩦ ᩥ ᪅ᩅᩮᨾᩅ ᩮᦃᩣ ᦀᩉ
ᦀᩉᩴᩴ ᨻᩣᩉᨱ ᦀᩅ
ᦀᩅᩥᨩᨩᩥ ᩣᦅᨲᩣᨿ ᨷᨩᩣᨿ ᦀᨱᨽᨲᩣᨿ ᨳ [tʰ]
[ ōō] • [ōō  ] • • [ēē  ēē ]
• • • [ōō] [ aa] • [ā ] • [ ii āā  āā ]
• • • • • [ āā ] • • [aa  ū
ū āā ]
• • • •
ᨴ [d]
ᨷᩁ
ᨷᩁᩥᩮᩮᨿᩣᨶᨴ
ᩥ ᨿᩣᨶᨴᩤᨿ ᦀᩅ
ᦀᩅᩥᨩᨩᩥ ᨱᩮᦂᩣᩈ
ᦂᩣᩈᩴᩴ ᨷᨴᩤᩮᩃᨲᩣ ᪅ᩮᦂᩣᩅ ᩮᩃᩣᩮᦂ ᦀᨶᨲᩁᩴ ᩈᨾᩣᩈᩮᨾ
ᩈᩮᨾᩛᩣᩣᨵ
ᩛ ᨵ
[ ōō aa āā ]
• • • • [ ii aa  ōō aa]
• • • • • [ āā ēē ā] • • • [ēē ōō ]
• • [ōō ēē] • u  aa]
[ u • • • [aa āā aa ōō ii]
• • • •
ᨵ [dʰ]
ᦀᨽ
ᦀᨽᩥᩈᩈᨾᩩ
ᩥ ᨾᩮᩛᩮᨴ
ᩩ ᨴᩤ ᩈᩣᩉ
ᩉᩴᩴ ᨻᩣᩉᨱ ᩮᨩᨭ ᩮᩈᨭ ᩮᩃᩣᦂᩔ ᨶ [n]
[ aa u
u ōō]
• • • [ā aa] • [ā ] • [ ōō] • [ ōō] • [ōō aa ]
• •
ᨷ [p]
1 -14 ᦀᩣᩁᨴᩴ ᩮᦃᩣ ᨷᨶ ᩮᨾ ᨻᩣᩉᨱ ᩅᩁᩦ ᨿ

ᩥ ᩴ ᦀᩮᩉᩣᩈ
ᦀᩮᩉᩣᩈᩥᩥ ᦀᩈᩃᩦᨶᩴ ᨹ [pʰ]
[āā aa aa]
• • [ōō] [] [ēē] [ā ] • [  aa]
• • [ ōō ] • • [ aa  aa]
• • •
ᨻ [b]
ᩏᨷᨭᩥᨲᩣ ᩈᨲᩥᩥ ᦀᩈᨾᩩᨭᩣ
ᩈᨲ ᨷᩔᩮᨴᩤ ᦂᩣᩮᨿᩣ ᦀᩈᩣᩁᩮᨴᩤ ᩈᨾᩣᩉ
ᩈᨾᩣᩉᩥᨲᩥ ᩴ ᨧᨲ
ᩥᨲᩴ ᪅ᦂᦅᩴ
[ aa  āā]
• • • [] [ aa u
•u āā] • • [aa aa ōō] • • [āā ōō] • [ āā aa ōō]
• • • [ āā  aa]• • • [ii aa]
• [ēē aa aa]
• •
ᨽ [bʰ]
ᩮᩈᩣ ᩮᦃᩣ ᦀᩉ
ᦀᩉᩴᩴ ᨻᩣᩉᨱ ᩅᩅᩥ ᩮᩥᩮᨧᨧᩅ ᦂᩣᩮᨾᩉ
ᦂᩣᩮᨾᩉᩥᩥ ᩅᩅᩥ ᨧᩥᨧ ᦀᦂᩈᩮᩃᩉ
ᩮᩃᩉᩥᩥ ᨵᩮᨾᩉᩥ ᩈᩅ
ᩈᩅᩥᨲᨲᦂ
ᩥ ᦂᩴ ᨾ [m]
[ōō] [ōō] [ aa]• [ā ] • [ ii ēē ]
• • • [āā ēē ] • • [ ii ]• • [ ēē ] • • [aa ēē ] • • [ aa aa] • •
ᨿ [y]
ᩈᩅ
ᩈᩅᩥᨧᨧᩣᩁᩴ
ᩥ ᩣᩁᩴ ᩅᩮᩥᩮᩅᦂᨩᩴ
ᩅᦂᨩᩴ ᨷᨲ
ᩦ ᩈᩥᩈᦃᩴ ᨷᨮᨾ
ᨷᨮᨾᩴᩴ ᦌᩣᨶ
ᦌᩣᨶᩴᩴ ᩏᨷᩈᨾᨩ ᩅᩉ
ᩥᩉᩣᩈ
ᩣᩈ ᩅᨲ
ᩥᨲᦂ
ᦂᩅᨧᩥᨧᩣᩁᩣᨶᩴ
ᩣᩁᩣᨶᩴ ᩁ [r]
[ āā aa] • • [ ēē  aa]
• • • [  aa]
• • [ aa] • [āā aa] • [ aa aa ] • • • [ āā ii] • • [ aa  āā āā aa]
• • • • •
ᩃ [l]
ᩅᨷᩈᨾᩣ ᦀᨩᨲᩴ ᩈᨾᩈᩣᨴᨶ
ᩣᨴᨶᩴᩴ ᩮᨧᨲᩮᩈᩣ ᪅ᩮᦂᩣᨴ
᪅ᩮᦂᩣᨴᩥᨽᨽᩣᩅᩴ
ᩥ ᩣᩅᩴ ᦀᩅ
ᦀᩅᩥᨲᨲᦂ
ᩥ ᦂᩴ ᦀᩅ
ᦀᩅᩥᨧᨧᩣᩁᩴ
ᩥ ᩣᩁᩴ
ū  āā]
[ū • • [aa aa aa]
• • [aa  āā  aa] • • • • [ēē  ōō]• • [ēē ōō  āā aa]
• • • • [ aa aa] • • [ āā aa]
• •
ᩅ [v]
ᩈᨾᩣᨵ
ᩈᨾᩣᨵᩥᨩᩥ ᩴ ᨷᨲ
ᩦ ᩈᩥᩈᦃᩴ ᨴᨲᨿ
ᩥ ᩴ ᦌᩣᨶ
ᩥᩉᩣᩈ
ᩣᩈ ᨷᨲ
ᩦ ᨿ
ᩥᨿᩣᩣ ᨧ ᩅᩁᩥᩁᩣᦅᩤ
ᩣᦅᩤ ᩈ [s]
[ āā  aa]
• • • [  aa] • • [ aa] • [āā aa] • [ aa aa ] • • • [ āā ii] • • [  āā] • • [] [ āā āā]• •
ᩉ [h]
ᩏᩮᨷᦂᩮᦂᩣ ᨧ ᩅᩉ
ᩥᩉᩣᩈ
ᩣᩈ ᩈᩮᨲᩣ ᨧ ᩈᨾᨩᩣᩮ ᩈᦃᨬ ᦂᩣᩮᨿᨶ ᨷᨭ
ᨷᨭᩥᩈᩥ ᩮᩴᩮᩅᩮᨴᩈ
ᩅᩮᨴᩈ ᨿᩴ ᩊ [ḷ]
[   ōō]
• • • [] [ āā ii] • • [ ōō] • [] [aa  āā ōō] • • • [ aa ] • • [āā ēē ] • • [ aa ēē ēē ii] • • • • [aa]
ᦀᩴ [ŋ̊]
ᨲᩴ ᦀᩁ
ᦀᩁᩥᨿᨿᩣ
ᩥ ᩣ ᦀᩣᨧ
ᦀᩣᨧᩥᦂᦂ
ᩥ ᨶᩥ ᩏᩮᨷᦂᩮᦂᩣ ᩈᨲ
ᩈᨲᩥᨾᨾᩣ
ᩥ ᩣ ᩈᦃᩅᩅᩥᩉ
ᩥ ᩣᩁᨲᩦ ᩥ
ᩉᩣᩁᩦ ᨲᨲ
ᨲᨲᩥᨿᩥ ᩴ ᦌᩣᨶ
ᦌᩣᨶᩴᩴ ᩏᨷᩈᨾᨩ
[aa] [ āā] • [āā ii aa ]
• • • [   ōō]
• • • [ āā] • [ āā  ] • • • [ aa] • [āā aa] • [ aa aa ] • • •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
5
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
ᩅᩉ
ᩥᩉᩣᩈ
ᩣᩈ ᩈᦃᩔ ᨧ ᨷᩉᩣ ᨴᦂᩔ ᨧ ᨷᩉᩣ ᨷᩮᨻᨻᩛᩅᩛ ᩮᩈᩣᨾᨶᩔᩮᨴᩤᨾᨶᩔᩣᨶ
ᨶᩔᩣᨶᩴᩴ
[ āā ii]
• • [ aa ] • • [] [ āā āā] • • u aa ]
[u • • [] [ āā āā] • • u ēē ]
[u • • [ōō  aa  ōō  aa āā aa]
• • • • • • • •
ᦀᨲᩴᦅᨾᩣ ᦀᨴᦂᨾᩈᦃᩴ ᩏᩮᨷᦂᩣᩈᨲ

ᩈᨲᩥᨷᨷᩤᩥ ᩤᩁᩈᩥᩈᨴ ᨧᨲᨲᩴ ᦌᩣᨶ
ᩥᩉᩣᩈ
ᩣᩈ
[aa aa  āā]
• • • u  aa]
[ u • • • [  āā  āā  u
• u ii] • • • • • • u aa]
[ u • • [āā aa] • [ aa aa ] • • • [ āā ii] • •
1 -15 ᩮᩈᩣ ᪅ᩅ
᪅ᩅᩴᩴ ᩈᨾᩣᩉ
ᩈᨾᩣᩉᩥᩮᩮᨲ
ᩥ ᨲ ᨧᩮᩥᩮᨲ
ᨲ ᨷᩁ
ᨷᩁᩥᩈᩈᩥ ᩮᨴ ᨷᩁ
ᨷᩁᩥᩮᩮᨿᩣᨴᩤ
ᩥ ᨿᩣᨴᩤᩮᨲ ᦀᨶ
ᦀᨶᩴᦅᦅᩮᨱ
ᩴ ᩮᨱ
[ōō] [ēē aa]
• [ āā  ēē] • • • [ii ēē] • u ēē]
[ u • • [ ōō āā ēē] • • • [ aa  ēē] • • •
ᩅᦅᩥᦅᨲ
ᨲᨷᦂᩥᩮᩃᩮᩈ ᨾᨴᨽᩮᨲ ᦂᨾᨶᩮᩥᩮᨿ
ᨿ ᨮᩮᩥᩮᨲ
ᨲ ᦀᩣᩮᨶᨬᨷᩮᨲ ᨷᩮᨻᨻᩛᨶᩛ ᩅᩥᩅᩤᩤᩈᩣᨶᩔᨲᨲᩥᨬᨬᩣᨱᩣᨿ
ᩥ ᩣᨱᩣᨿ
ū aa  ēē ēē]
[ ū • • • • • ū ēē]
[ ū • • [aa  ēē] • • [ ēē] • [āā  aa aa ēē]
• • • • u ēē  āā āā u
[u u  āā āā ]
• • • • • • • • •
ᨧᨲ
ᩥᨲᩴ ᦀᨽ
ᦀᨽᩥᨶᩥ ᩥᩮᨾᩈ ᩮᩈᩣ ᦀᩮᨶᦂᩅ
ᩥ ᨲ
ᩥ ᩴ ᨷᩮᨻᨻᩛᨶᩛ ᩅᩥᩅᩤᩤᩈᩴ ᦀᨶᩔᩁᩣᨾ
ᩁᩣᨾᩥᩥ ᩮᩈᨿᨳᨴᩥ ᩴ ᪅ᦂᨾᩥ
[ii aa]
• [ ii āā ēē ii]
• • • • [ōō] [ ēē  aa]
• • • u ēē  āā aa]
[u • • • • u  āā ]
[ u • • • • [  aa] • • [ēē aa ]
• •
ᨩᩣᨲ ᩮᨴᨷᩥ ᨩᩣᨲ

ᨩᩣᨲᩥᩮᩮᨿᩣ
ᩥ ᨿᩣ ᨲᩮᩥᩮᩔᩣᨷᩥ
ᩔᩣᨷᩥ ᨩᩣᨲ
ᩥ ᨿᩣ ᨧᨲᩮᩔᩣᨷ
ᨧᨲᩮᩔᩣᨷᩥᩥ ᨩᩣᨲ
ᩥ ᨿᩣ ᨷᨬᨷᩥ ᨩᩣᨲ
ᩥ ᨿᩣ ᨴᩈᨷ
ᨴᩈᨷᩥᩥ
[āā ii]
• [ē ] • [āā  ōō] • • [ii ōō ] • • [āā  ōō]• • [ aa ōō ] • • • [āā  ōō]
• • [aa ] • [āā  ōō] • • []
ᨩᩣᨲ
ᩥ ᨿᩣ ᩅᩈᩦᩈᨾᨾᩥ ᨩᩣᨲ
ᩥ ᨿᩣ ᨲᩈᨾᩥ ᨩᩣᨲ
ᩥ ᨿᩣ ᨧᨲᩣᩃ
ᩃᩦᩈᩈᨾ
ᩦ ᨾᩥ ᨩᩣᨲ
ᩥ ᨿᩣ ᨷᨬᩣᩈᨾᩥ
[āā  ōō]
• • [ aa ] • • [āā  ōō]• • [ii aa ] • • [āā  ōō]• • [aa āā  aa ] • • • • [āā  ōō] • • [aa āā aa ] • • •
ᨩᩣᨲ
ᩥ ᨿᩣ ᨩᩣᨲ
ᨩᩣᨲᩥᩈᩈᨲᨾ
ᩥ ᨲᨾᩥ ᨩᩣᨲ
ᨩᩣᨲᩥᩈᩈᩉᩔᨾ
ᩥ ᩉᩔᨾᩥ ᨩᩣᨲ
ᨩᩣᨲᩥᩈᩈᨲᩈᩉᩔᨾ
ᩥ ᨲᩈᩉᩔᨾᩥ ᦀᩮᨶᩮᦂᨷ
ᦀᩮᨶᩮᦂᨷᩥᩥ ᩈᩅᩴᩅᨭᨭᦂᩮᨷ ᦀᩮᨶᩮᦂᨷ
ᦀᩮᨶᩮᦂᨷᩥᩥ
[āā  ōō]
• • [āā  aa ]
• • • [āā  aa aa ]
• • • • [āā  aa aa ]
• • • • [ ēē ēē ] • • • [aa aa  aa ēē]
• • • • [ ēē ēē ]
• • •
ᩅᩅᩥᩅᨭᨭᦂᩮᨷ ᦀᩮᨶᩮᦂᨷ
ᦀᩮᨶᩮᦂᨷᩥᩥ ᩈᩅᩴᩅᨭᨭᩅᩅᩥᩅᨭᨭᦂᩮᨷ ᦀᨾᨲᩣᩈ ᪅ᩅ
᪅ᩅᩴᩮᨾᩣ
ᩴ ᩮᨾᩣ ᪅ᩅ
᪅ᩅᩴᩮᩮᦅᩤ
ᩴ ᦅᩤᩮᨲᩣ ᪅ᩅ
᪅ᩅᩴᩅᩅᩮᨱ
ᩴ ᩮᨱᩣ
[ aa  aa ēē]
• • • • [ ēē ēē ]
• • • [aa aa  aa  aa ēē]
• • • • • • u ā ii]
[ u • • • [ēē aa āā ōō]
• • • [ēē aa  ōō]
• • • [ēē aa aa ōō]
• • •
᪅ᩅᨾᩣᩉᩣᩮᩁᩣ ᪅ᩅ
᪅ᩅᩴᩈᩈᩴ ᦃᨴᦂᨷᨭᩈᩥ ᩮᩴᩮᩅᨴᩦ
ᩅᨴᩦ ᪅ᩅᨾᩣᨿᨷᩁᩁᩥᨿᨿᩮ
ᩥ ᩮ ᩮᩈᩣ ᨲᩮᨲᩣ ᨧᩮᨲᩣ ᦀᨾᨲ
[ēē  āā āā ōō]
• • • • [ēē aa  u
• u aa  aa ēē ]• • • • • • • [ēē  āā  aa ōō]
• • • • • [ōō] [ ōō] • [ ōō] • u ]
[ u • •
ᩏᨴᨷᩤᨴ ᨲᨲᩣᨷᩤᩈ ᪅ᩅ
᪅ᩅᩴᩮᨾᩣ
ᩴ ᩮᨾᩣ ᪅ᩅ
᪅ᩅᩴᩮᩮᦅᩤ
ᩴ ᦅᩤᩮᨲᩣ ᪅ᩅ
᪅ᩅᩴᩅᩅᩮᨱ
ᩴ ᩮᨱᩣ ᪅ᩅᨾᩣᩉᩣᩮᩁᩣ
[ āā ii] • • [aa ā āā ii]
• • • [ēē aa āā ōō]
• • • [ēē aa  ōō]
• • • [ēē aa aa ōō]
• • • [ēē  āā āā ōō]
• • • •
᪅ᩅ
᪅ᩅᩴᩈᩈᩴ ᦃᨴᦂᨷᨭᩈᩥ ᩮᩴᩮᩅᨴᩦ
ᩅᨴᩦ ᪅ᩅᨾᩣᨿᨷᩁᩁᩥᨿᨿᩮ
ᩥ ᩮ ᩮᩈᩣ ᨲᩮᨲᩣ ᨧᩮᨲᩣ ᦀᩥᨵᨷᨷᩮᨲᩥ ᦀᩥᨲᩥ
[ēē aa  u
• u aa  aa ēē ]
• • • • • • • [ēē  āā  aa ōō]
• • • • • [ōō] [ ōō]• [ ōō] • ū  aa ōō ]
[ ū • • • • • []
ᩈᩣᦂᩣᩁ
ᩈᩣᦂᩣᩁᩴᩴ ᩈᩏᩮᨴᩈᩴ ᦀᩮᨶᦂᩅ
ᩥ ᨲ
ᩥ ᩴ ᨷᩮᨻᨻᩛᨶᩛ ᩅᩥᩅᩤᩤᩈᩴ ᦀᨶᩔᩁᩣᨾ
ᩁᩣᨾᩥᩥ ᦀᨿ
ᦀᨿᩴᩴ ᩮᦃᩣ ᩮᨾ ᨻᩣᩉᨱ
[āā āā aa]
• • [ u ēē aa]
• • • [ ēē  aa]
• • • u ēē  āā aa]
[u • • • • u  āā ]
[ u • • • • [ aa] • [ōō] [ēē] [ā ] •
ᩁᨲᩥᨿᩣ ᨷᨮᩮᨾ ᨿᩣᩮᨾ ᨷᨮᨾᩣ ᩅᨩᩥᨩᩣ ᦀᨵ

ᦀᨵᩥᦅᦅᨲᩣ
ᩥ ᨲᩣ ᦀᩅ
ᦀᩅᩥᨩᨩᩥ ᩣ ᩅᩉ
ᩥᩉᨲᩣ
ᨲᩣ ᩅᨩᩥᨩᩣ ᩏᨷ ᨲᩮᨾᩣ
[aa  āā] • • [ ēē] • [āā ēē] • [ āā] • [ii āā] • [ āā] • [ ii āā] • • [ āā] • [ii āā] • u aa āā]
[u • • [ ōō] •
ᩅᩉ
ᩥᩉᩮᨲᩣ
ᩮᨲᩣ ᦀᩣᩮᩃᩣᩮᦂᩣ ᩏᨷᩮ ᨿᨳᩣ ᨲᩴ ᦀᨷᨾᨲᩔ ᦀᩣᨲᩣᨷ
ᦀᩣᨲᩣᨷᩥᩮᩮ
ᩥ  ᨷᩉ
ᨷᩉᩥᨲᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᨲᩔ ᩅᩉ
ᩥᩉᩁᩮᨲᩣ
ᩁᩮᨲᩣ
[ ōō] • [āā ōō ōō]
• • u aa ōō]
[u • • [ āā] • [aa] [aa  aa aa ]
• • • • [āā āā  ōō]
• • • [ aa aa ] • • • [ ōō] •
ᦀᨿ
ᦀᨿᩴᩴ ᩮᦃᩣ ᩮᨾ ᨻᩣᩉᨱ ᨷᨮᨾᩣᨽ
ᨷᨮᨾᩣᨽᩥᨶᩥ ᨻᩥᨻᩥᨴᩤ ᦀᩮᩉᩣᩈ
ᦀᩮᩉᩣᩈᩥᩥ ᦂᦂᩩᨭᨧᩣᨷᦂᩮᩔᩅ ᦀᨱᩮᦂᩣᩈᨾᩣ
[ aa]
• [ōō] [ēē] [ā ] • [ āā  ii  āā] • • • • • [ ōō ]
• • u  aa āā  aa ēē ]
[u • • • • • • • [aa  ōō aa ā]
• • • •
1 -16 ᩮᩈᩣ ᪅ᩅ
ᨲ ᨷᩁ
ᩴ ᩮᨱ
• [ āā  ēē] • • • [ii ēē] • u ēē]
[ u • • [ ōō āā ēē] • • • [ aa  ēē] • • •
ᩅᦅᩥᦅᨲ
ᨿ ᨮᩮᩥᩮᨲ
ᨲ ᦀᩣᩮᨶᨬᨷᩮᨲ ᩈᨲᩣᨶᨶᩴᩴ ᨧᨲᨷᨷᩤᨲᨬᩣᨱᩣᨿ
ū aa  ēē ēē]
[ ū • • • • • ū ēē]
• • • • [aa āā aa] • • ū  āā  āā āā ]
[ ū • • • • • • •
ᨧᨲ
ᦀᨽᩥᨶᩥ ᩥᩮᨾᩈ ᩮᩈᩣ ᨴᩮᩥᩮᨻᩛᨻᨶᩛ ᨧᦂᩩ ᩅᩈᩥᩈᩮᨴᨶ ᦀᨲ
ᦀᨲᩥᦂᦂ
ᩥ ᨶᨾᩣᨶᩈᩮᦂᨶ ᩈᩮᨲ
[ii aa]
• [ ii āā ēē ii]
• • • • [ōō] [ii ēē ] • • [aa  āā] • • u ēē ]
[ u • • • [ ii aa  āā  ēē ]
• • • • • • • [aa ēē] •
ᨷᩔᩣᨾ
ᨷᩔᩣᨾᩥᩥ ᨧᩅᨾᩣᩮᨶ ᩏᨷᨷᨩᨾᩣᩮᨶ ᩉᩮᩦᩮᨶᨶ ᨷᨱ
ᨷᨱᩦᩮᩮᨲ
ᩦ ᨲ ᩈᩅᩮᨱ ᨴᨻᩮᩛᩮᨱ
ᨱ ᩈᦅᩮᨲ ᨴᦅᩮᨲ
[aa āā ] • • [ āā ēē] • • [ aa  āā ēē]
• • • • [ ēē] • [  ēē] • • [ aa ēē]• • u aa ēē]
[u • • [ ēē] • u  ēē]
[u • •
ᨿᨳᩣᦂᨾᩪᨷᩮᦅ ᩈᩮᨲ ᨷᨩᩣᨾ

ᨷᨩᩣᨾᩥᩥ ᦀᩥᩮᨾ ᩅᨲ ᩮᨽᩣᩮ ᩈᨲᩣ ᦂᩣᨿᨴᨧᩁᩮᩥᩮᨲᨶ
ᨲᨶ
[ āā aa ū
• ū  ēē] • • • • [aa ēē] • [ āā āā ] • • • [ ēē] • [] [ ōō] • [aa āā] • [āā  u
u  ēē ]
• • • • •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
6
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
ᩈᨾᦅᨲᩣ ᩅᨧ
ᩅᨧᩦᨴᨴᩦ ᨧᩁᩮᩥᩮᨲᨶ
ᨲᨶ ᩈᨾᦅᨲᩣ ᨾᩮᨴᨧᩁᩮᩥᩮᨲᨶ
ᨲᨶ ᩈᨾᦅᨲᩣ ᦀᩁ
ᦀᩁᩥᨿᨿᩣᨶᩴ
ᩥ ᩣᨶᩴ
[ aa āā  āā] u  ēē ]
[  u [ aa āā  āā] [ ōō u
u  ēē ] [ aa āā  āā] [ āā aa]
ᦂ [k]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
ᩏᨷᩅᩤᨴᦂᩣ ᨾᨧᩥᨧᩣᨴᨴᩥᨭᨭᩥ ᩥᦂᩣ ᨾᨧᩥᨧᩣᨴᨴᩥᨭᨭᩥ ᩥᦂᨾᩈᨾᩣᨴᩤ ᩮᨲ ᦂᩣᨿᩔ ᩮᨽᨴᩤ ᨷᩁ

ᨷᩁᩴᩴ ᦃ [kʰ]
[ āā  āā] • • • [ii āā ii  āā]
• • • • [ii āā ii  aa  āā āā āā]
• • • • • • • • [ēē] [āā aa ] • • [ēē āā] • [ aa] •
ᦅ [g]
ᨾᩁᨱᩣ ᦀᨷᩤᨿᩴ ᨴᦅᨲ ᩅᨶᩥ ᨷᩥᨷᩤᩤᨲᩴ ᨶᩁᩥᩁᨿᩴ
ᨿᩴ ᩏᨷᨷ ᦀᩥᩮᨾ ᩅᩤ ᨷᨶ ᩮᨽᩣᩮ ᩈᨲᩣ
[ āā] • [ āā aa]• • u  ii]
[u • • [ āā aa] • • [ aa] • [ aa āā] • • [ ēē] • [āā] [] [ ōō] • [aa āā] • ᨥ [gʰ]
ᦂᩣᨿᩈᨧᩁᩁᩥᩮᩮᨲᨶ
ᩥ ᨲᨶ ᩈᨾᦅᨲᩣ ᩅᨧ
ᩅᨧᩦᩈᩈᩦ ᨧᩁᩁᩥᩮᩮᨲᨶ
ᩥ ᨲᨶ ᩈᨾᦅᨲᩣ ᨾᩮᩈᨧᩁᩁᩥᩮᩮᨲᨶ
ᩥ ᨲᨶ ᨦ [ṅ]
[āā  ēē ]
• • • [ aa āā  āā]
• • • • [   ēē ] • • • • [ aa āā  āā]
• • • • [ ōō  ēē ] • • • •
ᨧ [c]
ᩈᨾᦅᨲᩣ ᦀᩁ
ᦀᩁᩥᨿᨿᩣᨶᩴ
ᩥ ᩣᨶᩴ ᦀᨶᨷᩅᩤᨴᦂᩣ ᩈᨾᩣᨴᨴᩥᨭᨭᩥ ᩥᦂᩣ ᩈᨾᩣᨴᨴᩥᨭᨭᩥ ᩥᦂᨾᩈᨾᩣᨴᩤ ᩮᨲ ᦉ [cʰ]
[ aa āā  āā]
• • • • [ āā aa] • • [ āā  āā] • • • [aa āā ii  āā] • • • • [aa āā ii  aa  āā āā āā]
• • • • • • • • [ēē]
ᨩ [j]
ᦂᩣᨿᩔ ᩮᨽᨴᩤ ᨷᩁ
ᨷᩁᩴᩴ ᨾᩁᨱᩣ ᩈᦅᨲ ᩈᦅᩴ ᩮᩃᩣᦂᩴ ᩏᨷᨷᨲᩥ ᦀᩥᨲᩥ ᨴᩮᩥᩮᨻᩛᨻᨶᩛ
[āā aa ]
• • [ēē āā] • [ aa] • [ āā] • [ ii] • [aa aa] • [ōō aa] • [ aa āā ] • • • [] [ii ēē ] • • ᨫ [jʰ]
ᨧᦂᩩ ᩅᩈᩥᩈᩮᨴᨶ ᦀᨲ
ᦀᨲᩥᦂᦂ
ᩥ ᨶᨾᩣᨶᩈᩮᦂᨶ ᩈᩮᨲ ᨷᩔᩣᨾ
ᨷᩔᩣᨾᩥᩥ ᨧᩅᨾᩣᩮᨶ ᩏᨷᨷᨩᨾᩣᩮᨶ ᨬ [ñ]
[aa  āā] • • u ēē ]
[ u • • • [ ii aa  āā  ēē ]
• • • • • • • [aa ēē] • [aa āā ] • • [ āā ēē] • • [ aa  āā ēē] • • • •
ᨭ [ṭ]
ᩉᩮᩦᩮᨶᨶ ᨷᨱ
ᨷᨱᩦᩮᩮᨲ
ᩦ ᨲ ᩈᩅᩮᨱ ᨴᨻᩮᩛᩮᨱ
ᨱ ᩈᦅᩮᨲ ᨴᦅᩮᨲ ᨿᨳᩣᦂᨾᩪᨷᩮᦅ ᩈᩮᨲ ᨷᨩᩣᨾ
ᨷᨩᩣᨾᩥᩥ ᨮ [ṭʰ]
[ ēē]
• [  ēē] • • [ aa ēē]• • u aa ēē]
[u • • [ ēē] • u  ēē]
[u • • [ āā aa ū
ū  ēē]
• • • • • [aa ēē] • [ āā āā ] • • •
ᨯ [ḍ]
ᦀᨿ
ᦀᨿᩴᩴ ᩮᦃᩣ ᩮᨾ ᨻᩣᩉᨱ ᩁᨲᩥᨿᩣ ᨾᨩᩥᩮᨾ ᨿᩣᩮᨾ ᨴᨲᨿ
ᩥᨿᩣᩣ ᩅᨩᩥᨩᩣ ᦀᨵ
ᩥ ᨲᩣ ᦀᩅ
ᩥᩉᨲᩣ
ᨲᩣ
[ aa]
• [ōō] [ēē] [ā ] • [aa  āā]• • [aa  ēē] • • [āā ēē] • [ āā] • [ii āā] • [ āā] • [ ii āā] • • [ āā] •
ᨰ [ḍʰ]
ᩅᨩᩥᨩᩣ ᩏᨷ ᨲᩮᨾᩣ ᩅᩉ
ᩥᩉᩮᨲᩣ
ᩮᨲᩣ ᦀᩣᩮᩃᩣᩮᦂᩣ ᩏᨷᩮ ᨿᨳᩣ ᨲᩴ ᦀᨷᨾᨲᩔ ᦀᩣᨲᩣᨷ
ᩥ ᨱ [ṇ]
[ii āā]• u aa āā]
[u • • [ ōō] • [ ōō] • [āā ōō ōō]• • u aa ōō]
[u • • [ āā] • [aa] [aa  aa aa ]
• • • • [āā āā  ōō]
• • •
ᨲ [t]
ᨷᩉ
ᩥᩉᩁᩮᨲᩣ
ᩁᩮᨲᩣ ᦀᨿ
ᦀᨿᩴᩴ ᩮᦃᩣ ᩮᨾ ᨻᩣᩉᨱ ᨴᨲᨿ
ᩥᨿᩣᨽᩥ
ᩣᨽᨶᩥ ᨻᩥᨻᩥᨴᩤ ᦀᩮᩉᩣᩈ
ᦀᩮᩉᩣᩈᩥᩥ ᨳ [tʰ]
[ aa aa ] • • • [ ōō] • [ aa]• [ōō] [ēē] [ā ] • [ āā  ii  āā]
• • • • • [ ōō ]
• •
ᨴ [d]
ᦂᦂᩩᨭᨧᩣᨷᦂᩮᩔᩅ ᦀᨱᩮᦂᩣᩈᨾᩣ
u  aa āā  aa ēē ]
[u • • • • • • • [aa  ōō aa ā]
• • • •
ᨵ [dʰ]
1 -17 ᩮᩈᩣ ᪅ᩅ
ᨲ ᨷᩁ
ᩴ ᩮᨱ ᨶ [n]
• [ āā  ēē] • • • [ii ēē] • u ēē]
[ u • • [ ōō āā ēē] • • • [ aa  ēē]
• • •
ᨷ [p]
ᩅᦅᩥᦅᨲ
ᨿ ᨮᩮᩥᩮᨲ
ᨲ ᦀᩣᩮᨶᨬᨷᩮᨲ ᦀᩣᩈᩅᩤᨶᩴ ᦃᨿᨬᩣᨱᩣᨿ ᨹ [pʰ]
ū aa  ēē ēē]
[ ū • • • • • ū ēē]
• • • • [āā  āā aa]
• • • [ āā āā ] • • •
ᨻ [b]
ᨧᨲ
ᦀᨽᩥᨶᩥ ᩥᩮᨾᩈ ᩮᩈᩣ ᦀᩥᨴᩴ ᨴᦂᨶᩥ ᨿᨳᩣᨽᨲᩴ ᦀᨻᨬᩣᩈ ᦀᨿ
ᦀᨿᩴᩴ
[ii aa]
• [ ii āā ēē ii]
• • • • [ōō] [ aa]
• u aa ]
[u • • [ āā ū
ū aa] • • • [aa aa āā ii]
• • • [ aa] •
ᨽ [bʰ]
ᨴᦂᩈᨾᨴᩮᨿᩣᨲ
ᩮᨿᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᨿᨳᩣᨽᨲᩴ ᦀᨻᨬᩣᩈ ᦀᨿ
ᦀᨿᩴᩴ ᨴᦂᨶᩮᩥᩮᩁᩣᩮᨵᩤ
ᩁᩣᩮᨵᩤᨲᩥ ᨿᨳᩣᨽᨲᩴ ᦀᨻᨬᩣᩈ ᨾ [m]
u  ōō ]
[u • • • [ āā ū
ū aa] • • • [aa aa āā ii] • • • [ aa]
• u  ōō ōō ]
[u • • • • [ āā ū
ū aa]
• • • [aa aa āā ii]
• • •
ᨿ [y]
ᦀᨿ
ᦀᨿᩴᩴ ᨴᦂᨶᩮᩥᩮᩁᩣᨵᦅᩤ
ᩁᩣᨵᦅᩤᨾᨶᩥ ᩦ ᨷᨭ
ᨷᨭᩥᨷᨷᨴᩤ
ᩥ ᨴᩤᨲᩥ ᨿᨳᩣᨽᨲᩴ ᦀᨻᨬᩣᩈ ᦀᩥᩮᨾ ᦀᩣᩈᩅᩤᨲᩥ ᩁ [r]
[ aa]
• u  ōō  āā  ]
[u • • • • • • [ āā ] • • [ āā ū
ū aa] • • • [aa aa āā ii]
• • • [ ēē] • [āā  āā ]
• • •
ᩃ [l]
ᨿᨳᩣᨽᨲᩴ ᦀᨻᨬᩣᩈ ᦀᨿ
ᦀᨿᩴᩴ ᦀᩣᩈᩅᩈᨾᨴᩮᨿᩣᨲ
ᩮᨿᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᨿᨳᩣᨽᨲᩴ ᦀᨻᨬᩣᩈ ᦀᨿ
ᦀᨿᩴᩴ
[ āā ū
ū aa]
• • • [aa aa āā ii]
• • • [ aa] • [āā  ōō ]
• • • [ āā ū
ū aa]• • • [aa aa āā ii]
• • • [ aa] •
ᩅ [v]
ᦀᩣᩈᩅᨶ
ᦀᩣᩈᩅᨶᩥᩮᩮᩁᩣᩮᨵᩤ
ᩥ ᩁᩣᩮᨵᩤᨲᩥ ᨿᨳᩣᨽᨲᩴ ᦀᨻᨬᩣᩈ ᦀᨿ
ᦀᨿᩴᩴ ᦀᩣᩈᩅᨶ
ᦀᩣᩈᩅᨶᩥᩮᩮᩁᩣᨵᦅᩤ
ᩥ ᩁᩣᨵᦅᩤᨾᨶᩥ ᩦ ᨷᨭ
ᨷᨭᩥᨷᨷᨴᩤ
ᩥ ᨴᩤᨲᩥ ᩈ [s]
[āā  ōō ōō ]
• • • • [ āā ū
ū aa] • • • [aa aa āā ii]
• • • [ aa] • [āā  ōō  āā  ]
• • • • • • [ āā ] • •
ᩉ [h]
ᨿᨳᩣᨽᨲᩴ ᦀᨻᨬᩣᩈ ᨲᩔ ᩮᨾ ᪅ᩅ
᪅ᩅᩴᩴ ᨩᩣᨶᩮᨲᩣ ᪅ᩅ
᪅ᩅᩴᩴ ᨷᩔᩮᨲᩣ ᦂᩣᨾᩣᩈᩅᩤᨷᩥ ᨧᨲ
ᩥᨲᩴ ᩊ [ḷ]
[ āā ū
ū aa]
• • • [aa aa āā ii]
• • • [aa ] • [ēē] [ēē aa]
• [āā  ōō] • • [ēē aa]
• [aa  ōō] • • [āā āā  āā ]
• • • • [ii aa] •
ᩅᨾᩥᨾᨧᩥᨲ ᨽᩅᩤᩈᩅᩤᨷᩥ ᨧᨲ
ᩥᨲᩴ ᩅᨾᩥᨾᨧᩥᨲ ᦀᩅ
ᦀᩅᩥᨩᨩᩥ ᩣᩈᩅᩤᨷᩥ ᨧᨲ
ᩥᨲᩴ ᩅᨾᩥᨾᨧᩥᨲ ᦀᩴ [ŋ̊]
u ii ]
[ u• • • [ āā  āā ] • • • • [ii aa] • u ii ]
[ u • • • [ ii āā  āā ]
• • • • • [ii aa] • u ii ]
[ u • • •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
7
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
ᩅᨾᩥᨾᨲᩈ ᩅᨾᩥᨾᨲᨾᨲ
ᩥ ᩥ ᨬᩣᨱ
ᨬᩣᨱᩴᩴ ᦀᩮᩉᩣᩈ
ᦀᩮᩉᩣᩈᩥᩥ ᦃᩦᨱᩣ ᨩᩣᨲ
ᨩᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᩅᩈᨲ
ᩥ ᩴ ᨻᩉᨧᩁᩁᩥᨿᩥ ᩴ ᦂᨲ
ᦂᨲᩴᩴ
u aa i]
[ u• • • u ]
[ u • • [āā aa] • [ ōō ] • • [ āā] • [āā ] • [ aa] • [ aa] • [ aa] •
ᦂᩁᨱ
ᦂᩁᨱᩦᨿᩦ ᩴ ᨷᩁ
ᨷᩁᩴᩴ ᦀᩥᨲᨲᩣᨿᩣᨲ
ᨿᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᦀᨻᨬᩣᩈ ᦀᨿ
ᦀᨿᩴᩴ ᩮᦃᩣ ᩮᨾ ᨻᩣᩉᨱ ᩁᨲᩥᨿᩣ ᨷᨧᩥᩮᨾ
[  aa] • • [āā  aa] • • [ii aa āā āā ]
• • • • [aa aa āā ii]
• • • [ aa] • [ōō] [ēē] [ā ] • [aa  āā] • • [aa  ēē] • •
ᨿᩣᩮᨾ ᨲᨲ
ᨲᨲᩥᨿᨿᩣ
ᩥ ᩣ ᩅᨩᩥᨩᩣ ᦀᨵ
ᩥ ᨲᩣ ᦀᩅ
ᩥᩉᨲᩣ
ᨲᩣ ᩅᨩᩥᨩᩣ ᩏᨷ ᨲᩮᨾᩣ ᩅᩉ
ᩥᩉᩮᨲᩣ
ᩮᨲᩣ ᦀᩣᩮᩃᩣᩮᦂᩣ
[āā ēē] • [ āā] • [ii āā] • [ āā] • [ ii āā]• • [ āā] • [ii āā] • u aa āā]
[u • • [ ōō] • [ ōō] • [āā ōō ōō]• •
ᩏᨷᩮ ᨿᨳᩣ ᨲᩴ ᦀᨷᨾᨲᩔ ᦀᩣᨲᩣᨷ

ᩥ  ᨷᩉ
ᩥᩉᩁᩮᨲᩣ
ᩁᩮᨲᩣ ᦀᨿ
ᦀᨿᩴᩴ ᩮᦃᩣ ᩮᨾ
u aa ōō]
[u • • [ āā] • [aa] [aa  aa aa ]
• • • • [āā āā  ōō]
• • • [ aa aa ] • • • [ ōō] • [ aa] • [ōō] [ēē]
ᨻᩣᩉᨱ ᨲᨲ
ᨲᨲᩥᨿᨿᩣᨽᩥ
ᩥ ᩣᨽᨶᩥ ᨻᩥᨻᩥᨴᩤ ᦀᩮᩉᩣᩈ
ᦀᩮᩉᩣᩈᩥᩥ ᦂᦂᩩᨭᨧᩣᨷᦂᩮᩔᩅ ᦀᨱᩮᦂᩣᩈᨾᩣᨲᨲᩥᩥ
[ā ] • [ āā  ii  āā] • • • • • [ ōō ]
• • u  aa āā  aa ēē ]
[u • • • • • • • [aa  ōō aa ā ]
• • • • •
1 -18 ᪅ᩅ
᪅ᩅᩴᩴ ᩅᩮᨲ ᩮᩅᩁᩮᨬᩣ ᨻᩣᩉᩮᨱᩣ ᨽᦅᩅᨶᩴ ᪅ᨲᨴᩮᩅᩤᨧ ᩮᨩᨭ ᨽᩅ
ᨽᩅᩴᩴ
[ēē aa]• u ēē]
[u • [ēē aa ōō] • • [ā  ōō] • • [ aa aa] • • [ēē  ōō ]
• • • [ ōō] • [ aa] •
ᩮᦅᩤᨲᩮᨾᩣ ᩮᩈᨭ ᨽᩅ
ᨽᩅᩴᩴ ᩮᦅᩤᨲᩮᨾᩣ ᦀᨽ
ᦀᨽᩥᦂᦂ
ᩥ ᨶᩴ ᩮᨽᩣ ᩮᦅᩤᨲᨾ ᦀᨽ
ᦀᨽᩥᦂᦂ
ᩥ ᨶᩴ ᩮᨽᩣ ᩮᦅᩤᨲᨾ
[ōō  ōō]
• • [ ōō] • [ aa] • [ōō  ōō]• • [ ii aa aa]
• • • [ōō] [ōō ] • [ ii aa aa]
• • • [ōō] [ōō ]
•
ᩮᩈᨿᨳᩣᨷ
ᩣᨷᩥᩥ ᩮᨽᩣ ᩮᦅᩤᨲᨾ ᨶᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩᨩᩥᨲᩴ ᩅᩤ ᩏᦂᩩᩮᨩᨿ ᨷᨭ
ᨷᨭᩥᨧᨧᩥ ᨶᩴ ᩅᩤ ᩅᩅᩥᩅᩮᩁᨿ
ᩮᩁᨿ
[  āā ] • • • [ōō] [ōō ] • [ii u
u  aa] • • • [āā] u u
[u u  ] • • • [ ii aa aa]
• • • [āā] [  ] • •
ᨾᩊᩔ ᩅᩤ ᨾᦅᩴ ᦀᩣᨧ

ᦀᩣᨧᩥᩮᩮᦂ
ᩥ ᦂᨿ ᦀᨶᦂᩣᩮᩁ ᩅᩤ ᩮᨲᩃᨷᩮᨩᩣᨲᨲᩴᩴ ᨵᩤᩮᩁᨿ ᨧᦂᩩᨾᩮ
ū a ]
[ū • • [āā] [aa aa] • [āā ii  ]
• • • [aa  āā ēē] • • • [āā] [ēē  aa ōō aa]
• • • • [āā  ] • • [aa  aa ōō] • • •
ᩁᨷᩤᨶᩥ ᨴᦂᨶᩦᨲᩥ ᪅ᩅᩮᨾᩅ

᪅ᩅᩮᨾᩅᩴᩴ ᩮᨽᩣᨲᩣ ᩮᦅᩤᨲᩮᨾᨶ ᦀᩮᨶᦂᨷᩁ
ᦀᩮᨶᦂᨷᩁᩥᨿᨿᩣᩮᨿᨶ
ᩥ ᩣᩮᨿᨶ ᨵᩮᨾᩣ ᨷᦂᩣᩈ
ᨷᦂᩣᩈᩥᩮᩮᨲᩣ
ᩥ ᨲᩣ
ū āā ]
[ū • • [aa aa  ]
• • • [ēē  ēē aa]
• • • [ōō āā] • [ōō  ēē ] • • • [ ēē  āā ēē ]
• • • • • [aa ōō] • [ āā  ōō] • • •
᪅ᩈᩣᩉ
᪅ᩈᩣᩉᩴᩴ ᨽᩅᨶᩴ ᩮᦅᩤᨲᨾᨾᩴᩴ ᩈᩁᨱ
ᩈᩁᨱᩴᩴ ᦅᨧᩣᨾᨾᩥᩥ ᨵᨾᨬ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩᩈᨥ
ᩴᨥᨬ
ᨬ ᩏᨷᩤᩈᦂᩴ ᨾᩴ
[ēē āā aa]
• • [ aa aa]
• • [ōō  aa] • • [ aa] • [aa āā ] • • [aa aa ] • • [ii  aa aa ]
• • • • [ āā  aa]
• • • [aa]
ᨽᩅ
ᨽᩅᩴᩴ ᩮᦅᩤᨲᩮᨾᩣ ᨵᩤᩮᩁᨲ ᦀᨩᨲᩮᦅ ᨷᩤᨱᩮᨷᨲ
ᨷᨲᩴᩴ ᩈᩁᨱ
ᩈᩁᨱᩴᩴ ᦅᨲ
ᦅᨲᩴᩴ ᦀᨵ
ᦀᨵᩥᩅᩅᩤᩥ ᩤᩮᩈᨲ ᨧ ᩮᨾ ᨽᩅ
ᨽᩅᩴᩴ
[ aa] • [ōō  ōō]
• • [āā ēē ] • • [aa  aa ēē]
• • • [āā  ēē aa]• • • [ aa] • [ aa] • [ āā ēē ] • • • [] [ēē] [ aa]
•
ᩮᦅᩤᨲᩮᨾᩣ ᩮᩅᩁᨬᩣᨿᨿᩴᩴ ᩅᩔᩣᩅᩤᩈᩴ ᩈᨴ ᨽᦂ

ᩥᦂᩩᩈᩮᩴᩮᨥᨲᩥ
ᨥᨲᩥ ᦀᨵ
ᦀᨵᩥᩅᩅᩤᩥ ᩤᩮᩈᩈ
ᩈᩈᩥᩥ ᨽᦅᩅᩤ ᨲᨱᩦᨽᩣᩮᩅᨶ
[ōō  ōō]
• • [ēē aa āā aa]
• • • [aa āā āā aa] • • • [aa ii] • [ii  aa ēē āā ] • • • • • [ āā ēē ] • • • [ āā] • u  āā ēē ]
[u • • • •
ᦀᨳ ᩮᦃᩣ ᩮᩅᩁᩮᨬᩣ ᨻᩣᩉᩮᨱᩣ ᨽᦅᩅᩮᨲᩣ ᦀᨵ

ᦀᨵᩥᩅᩅᩤᩥ ᩤᩈᨶᨶᩴᩴ ᩅᨴᩥ ᨲ
ᩥᨲᩣ ᩏᨭᩣᨿᩣᩈ ᨽᦅᩅᨶᩴ
[] [ōō] [ēē aa ōō] • • [ā  ōō] • • [ ōō] • [ āā  aa] • • • [ ii ā]
• • u āā āā  āā]
[u • • • • [ aa aa] • •
ᦀᨽ
ᦀᨽᩥᩅᩅᩤᩥ ᩤᩮᨴᨲᩣ ᨷᨴᦂᩥᨱᩴ ᦂᨲᩣ ᨷᦂᩣᨾᨾᩥᩥ
[ āā ēē ā]• • • [ aa  aa] • • • [aa ā] • [aa āā ] • •
1 -19 ᩮᨲᨶ ᩮᦃᩣ ᨷᨶ ᩈᨾᩮᨿᨶ ᩮᩅᩁᨬᩣ ᨴᨻᩥᦂᩣ ᩮᩉᩣᨲ

ᩮᩉᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᨴᩦᩉᨲ
ᩥ ᦂ
ᩥᦂᩣᩣ
[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [ēē aa āā] • • u ii āā]
[u • • [ōō ] • [  āā] • •
ᩮᩈᨲᨭᩥᦂᩣ ᩈᩃᩣᦂᩣᩅᨲᩣ ᨶ ᩈᦂᩁᩣ ᩏᩮᨬᨶ ᨷᦅᩮᩉᨶ ᨿᩣᩮᨷᨲᩴ ᩮᨲᨶ ᩮᦃᩣ ᨷᨶ

[ēē aa  āā]
• • • [ āā āā u
u āā]
• • • • [] [ āā] • u ēē ]
[u • • [aa  ēē ] • • • [āā ēē u
u] • • [ēē ] • [ōō] []
ᩈᨾᩮᨿᨶ ᩏᨲᩁᩣᨷᨳᦂᩣ ᦀᩔᩅᩤᨱᨩᩥᨩᩣᩣ ᨷᨬᨾᩮᨲᩉᩥ ᦀᩔᩈᩮᨲᩉ

ᦀᩔᩈᩮᨲᩉᩥᩥ ᩮᩅᩁᨬᩴ ᩅᩔᩣᩅᩤᩈᩴ
[ ēē ] • • u  āā  āā]
[u • • • • [aa  āā  āā]
• • • • [aa  aa ēē ] • • • • [aa  ēē ]
• • • [ēē aa aa] • • [aa āā āā aa] • • •
ᩏᨷᦅᨲᩣ ᩮᩉᩣᨶᩥ ᩮᨲᩉ

ᩮᨲᩉᩥᩥ ᦀᩔᨾᨱᩃᦂ
ᩥᦂᩣᩈ
ᩣᩈ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩪᨶᩴ ᨷᨲᨷᨲᨷᩃᦂᩴ ᨷᨬᨲᩴ ᩮᩉᩣᨲ
ᩮᩉᩣᨲᩥᩥ
[ āā] • [ ] • [ēē ] • [aa  aa  āā ]
• • • • • [ii ū
ū aa] • • [aa  aa  aa]
• • • • [aa aa aa] • • [ōō ] •
ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩪ ᨷᨻᨱ
ᩛᨱᩈᨾᨿ
ᨾᨿᩴᩴ ᨶᩅᩥᩅᩤᩤᩮᩈᨲᩣ ᨷᨲᨧᩅᩦᩅᩁᨾᩣᨴᩤ
ᩁᨾᩣᨴᩤᨿ ᩮᩅᩁᨬᩴ ᨷᨱ
ᩥᨱᩣᨿ ᨷᩅ
ᨷᩅᩥᩈᩥ ᨲ
ᩥᨲᩣ
[ii ū
ū] • u aa  aa]
[u • • • [ āā ēē ā]
• • • [aa    āā āā ]
• • • • • • [ēē aa aa] • • [ii āā ] • • [ ii ā] • •
ᨷᨱ
ᩥᨱᩴ ᦀᩃᨽᨾᩣ ᦀᩔᨾᨱᩃᦂ
ᩥᦂᩣᩈ
ᩣᩈ ᨷᨱ
ᩥᨱᩣᨿ ᨧᩁ
ᨧᩁᩥᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᩣ ᨷᨲᨷᨲᨷᩃᦂᩴ ᦀᩣᩁᩣᨾ
ᦀᩣᩁᩣᨾᩴᩴ
[ii aa] • [ āā āā] • • [aa  aa  āā ]
• • • • • [ii āā ] • • [ ii ā] • • [aa  aa  aa]
• • • • [āā āā aa]
• •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
8
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
ᦀᩣᩉᩁ
ᦀᩣᩉᩁᩥᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᩣ ᩏᨴᦂᩮᩃ ᩮᦂᩣᩮᨭᨲᩣ ᩮᦂᩣᩮᨭᨲᩣ ᨷᩁ
ᨷᩁᩥᨽᨽᩥ ᨬᨶᩥ ᦀᩣᨿᩈᩣ ᨷᨶᩮ
[āā  ii ā] u  ēē]
[ u [ ēē ā] [ ēē ā] u aa ]
[ u [āā aa ā] [ āā aa ōō]
ᦂ [k]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
ᨷᨲᨷᩃᦂᩴ ᩈᩃ
ᩥᩃᩣᨿᩴ
ᩣᨿᩴ ᨷᩈᩥ ᨲ
ᩥᨲᩣ ᨽᦅᩅᩮᨲᩣ ᩏᨷᩮᨾᨲ
ᩏᨷᩮᨾᨲᩥᩥ ᨲᩴ ᨽᦅᩅᩤ ᨷᩁ
ᨷᩁᩥᨽᨽᩥ ᨬᨲᩥ ᦃ [kʰ]
[aa  aa]
• • [ āā aa]
• • [ ii ā]
• • [ ōō] • [ āā ēē ] • • • [aa] [ āā] • u ]
[ u • •
ᦅ [g]
1 -20 ᦀᩮᩔᩣᩈ
ᦀᩮᩔᩣᩈᩥᩥ ᩮᦃᩣ ᨽᦅᩅᩤ ᩏᨴᦂᩃᩈᨴᩴ ᨩᩣᨶᨷᩥ ᨲᨳᩣᦅᨲᩣ ᨷᨧᨶᩥ
[aa ōō ] • • [ōō] [ āā] • u  aa aa]
[ u • • • • [āā aa āā ]
• • • [ āā  āā] • • • u aa ]
[u • • ᨥ [gʰ]
ᨩᩣᨶᨷᩥ ᨶ ᨷᨧᨶᩥ ᦂᩣᩃ

ᦂᩣᩃᩴᩴ ᩅᨴᩥ ᨲ
ᩥᨲᩣ ᨷᨧᨶᩥ ᦂᩣᩃ
ᦂᩣᩃᩴᩴ ᩅᨴᩥ ᨲ
ᩥᨲᩣ ᨶ ᨷᨧᨶᩥ ᨦ [ṅ]
[āā aa āā ] [] u aa ]

[u [āā aa] [ ii ā] u aa ]
[u [āā aa] [ ii ā] [] u aa ]
[u
ᨧ
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
[c]
ᦀᨲᩈᩉ
ᩴ ᨲ
ᩥ ᩴ ᨲᨳᩣᦅᨲᩣ ᨷᨧᨶᩥ ᩮ ᦀᨶᨲᩈᩉ
ᩴ ᨲ
ᩥ ᩴ ᦀᨶᨲᩈᩉ
ᩴ ᩮᩥᩮᨲ
ᨲ ᩮᩈᨲᨥᩣᩮᨲᩣ ᦉ [cʰ]
[aa  aa  aa]
• • • • [ āā  āā] • • • u aa ]
[u • • [ōō] [ aa  aa  aa]
• • • • • [ aa  aa  ēē]
• • • • • [ēē  āā ōō]
• • •
ᨩ [j]
ᨲᨳᩣᦅᨲᩣᨶ
ᨲᨳᩣᦅᨲᩣᨶᩴᩴ ᨴᩦᩉᩥ ᦀᩣᦂᩣᩮᩁᩉ
ᦀᩣᦂᩣᩮᩁᩉᩥᩥ ᨻᨴᩤ ᨽᦅᩅᩮ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩪ ᨷᨭ
ᨷᨭᩥᨷᨷᩥ ᨧᨶᩥ ᨵᨾᩴ ᩅᩤ
[ āā  āā aa]
• • • • [ ] • [āā āā ēē ]
• • • u āā]
[u • [ aa ōō] • • [ii ū
ū] • u aa ]
[ u • • • [aa aa] • [āā] ᨫ [jʰ]
ᩮᨴᩮᩈᩔᩣᨾ ᩈᩣᩅᦂᩣᨶ
ᩈᩣᩅᦂᩣᨶᩴᩴ ᩅᩤ ᩈᦂ
ᩥᦂᩣᨷᨴ
ᨷᨴᩴᩴ ᨷᨬᩮᨷᩔᩣᨾᩣᨲ
ᨷᨬᩮᨷᩔᩣᨾᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᨬ [ñ]
[ēē  āā ]
• • • [āā  āā aa]
• • • [āā] [ii āā  aa]
• • • [aa   āā āā ]• • • • •
ᨭ [ṭ]
1 -21 ᦀᨳ ᩮᦃᩣ ᨽᦅᩅᩤ ᦀᩣᨿᩈᨶᩴ ᦀᩣᨶᨶᩴ ᦀᩣᨾᩮᨶᩈᩥ ᦂ ᨶ ᩮᦃᩣ ᩮᩈᩣ ᨮ [ṭʰ]

[] [ōō] [ āā] • [āā aa a aa]
• • • [āā aa aa]
• • [āā aa ēē ]
• • • [ii] [] [ōō] [ōō]
ᨯ [ḍ]
ᦀᩣᨶᨶ ᩏᨴᦂᩃᩈᩮᨴᩣᨲᨲᩥᩥ ᦀᨳ ᩮᦃᩣ ᦀᩣᨿᩈᩣ ᦀᩣᨶᩮ ᨽᦅᩅᩮᨲᩣ ᪅ᨲᨾᨲᩴ ᦀᩣᩮᩁᩣᩮᨧᩈ
ᦀᩣᩮᩁᩣᩮᨧᩈᩥᩥ
[āā aa ]
• • u  aa ōō ]
[ u • • • • • [] [ōō] [āā aa ā]
• • [āā aa ōō]
• • [ ōō] • [ēē  aa aa]
• • • [āā ōō ēē ]
• • • ᨰ [ḍʰ]
ᩈᩣᨵ ᩈᩣᨵ ᦀᩣᨶᨶ ᨲᩮᨾᩉᩥ ᦀᩣᨶᨶ ᩈᨷᩩᩁᩮᩥᩮᩈᩉᩥ

ᩈᩉᩥ ᩅᨩᩥ ᨲ
ᩥ ᩴ ᨷᨧᩥᨾᩣ ᨩᨶᨲᩣ ᨱ [ṇ]
[āā ] [āā ] [āā aa ] u ē ]
[u [āā aa ] [aa  ēē ] [ aa] [aa  āā] [ āā]
ᨲ [t]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
ᩈᩣᩃ
ᩈᩣᩃᩥᨾᩥ ᩮᩴᩮᩈᩣᨴᨶᩴ
ᩈᩣᨴᨶᩴ ᦀᨲ
ᦀᨲᩥᨾᨾᨬᩥ
ᩥ ᨬᩥᩔᨲᨲᩦᨲᩦ ᩥ ᨳ [tʰ]
[āā  aa ōō  aa]
• • • • • [ aa ii   ]
• • • • •
ᨴ [d]
1 -22 ᦀᨳ ᩮᦃᩣ ᦀᩣᨿᩈᩣ ᨾᩉᩣᩮᨾᩣᦅᩃᩣᩮ ᩮᨿᨶ ᨽᦅᩅᩤ ᩮᨲᨶᨷᩈᩈᩴᦂᦂᨾᩥ
ᩴ ᨾᩥ
ᨵ [dʰ]
[] [ōō] [āā aa ā]
• • [ āā  aa āā ōō]
• • • • • [ēē ] • [ āā] • [ēē  aa ]
• • •
ᩏᨷᩈ
ᩴ ᨾᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᩣ ᨽᦅᩅᨶᩴ ᦀᨽ
ᦀᨽᩥᩅᩅᩤᩥ ᩤᩮᨴᨲᩣ ᪅ᦂᨾᨶᩴ ᨶᩈᩥ ᨴᩦ ᩥ ᪅ᦂᨾᨶᩴ ᨶᩈᩥ ᩮᩥᩮ ᩮᦃᩣ ᨶ [n]
[ aa  ii ā] [ aa aa] [ āā ēē ā] [ēē  aa aa] [  ] [ēē  aa aa] [ ii ōō] [ōō]
ᨷ
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
[p]
ᦀᩣᨿᩈᩣ ᨾᩉᩣᩮᨾᩣᦅᩃᩣᩮ ᨽᦅᩅᨶᩴ ᪅ᨲᨴᩮᩅᩤᨧ ᪅ᨲᩁᩉ

᪅ᨲᩁᩉᩥᩥ ᨽᩮᨶ ᩮᩅᩁᨬᩣ ᨴᨻᩥᦂᩣ ᨹ [pʰ]
[āā aa ā]
• • [ āā  aa āā ōō]
• • • • • [ aa aa] • • [ēē  ōō ]
• • • [ēē ] • [aa ēē] • [ēē aa āā] • • u ii āā]
[u • •
ᨻ [b]
ᨴᩦᩉᨲ
ᩥ ᦂ
ᩥᦂᩣᩣ ᩮᩈᨲᨭᩥᦂᩣ ᩈᩃᩣᦂᩣᩅᨲᩣ ᨶ ᩈᦂᩁᩣ ᩏᩮᨬᨶ ᨷᦅᩮᩉᨶ ᨿᩣᩮᨷᨲᩴ ᦀᩥᨾᩔ
ᩥᩔᩣᩣ
[  āā]
• • [ēē aa  āā]
• • • [ āā āā u
•u āā] • • • [] [ āā] • u ēē ]
[u • • [aa  ēē ] • • • [āā ēē u
u] • • [ ii āā]
• • ᨽ [bʰ]
ᨽᩮᨶ ᨾᩉᩣᨷᨳᩅ
ᨾᩉᩣᨷᨳᩅᩥᨿᨿᩣ
ᩥ ᩣ ᩮᩉᨭᩥᨾᨲᩃ
ᨲᩃᩴᩴ ᩈᨾᨶᩴ ᩮᩈᨿᨳᩣᨷ
ᩣᨷᩥᩥ ᦃᨴᨾᨵᩴ ᦀᨶ
ᦀᨶᩦᩃ
ᩦ ᦂᩴ
ᩃᦂᩴ ᨾ [m]
[aa ēē] • [ āā  āā] • • • [  aa] • • [aa aa aa] • • [  āā ] • • • u  u
[u u] • • [   aa]
• • •
ᨿ [y]
᪅ᩅᨾᩔᩣᨴ
᪅ᩅᨾᩔᩣᨴᩴᩴ ᩈᩣᨵᩤᩉᩴ ᨽᩮᨶ ᨷᨳᩅ ᨷᩁ
ᨷᩁᩥᩅᩅᩮᨲ
ᩥ ᩮᨲᨿᩴ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩪ ᨷᨷᨭᩮᦂᩣᨩ
ᩮᦂᩣᨩᩴᩴ ᩁ [r]
[ēē  aa āā aa]
• • • • [āā āā aa] • • [aa ēē] • [ ii] • [ aa  aa] • • • [ii ū
ū] • [aa  ōō aa] • • •
ᩃ [l]
ᨷᩁ
ᨷᩁᩥᨽᨽᩥ ᨬᩥᩔᨶᩦᨲᩥ ᩮᨿ ᨷᨶ ᩮᨲ ᩮᨾᩣᦅᩃᩣᨶ ᨷᨳᩅ
ᨷᨳᩅᩥᨶᩥ ᩔ
ᩥ ᨲ
ᩥᨲᩣᩣ ᨷᩤᨱᩣ ᩮᨲ ᦂᨳ
ᦂᨳᩴᩴ
u ii aa  ]
[ u • • • • • [ēē] [] [ēē] [ aa āā ] • • • [ ii  āā] • • • [āā āā] • [ēē] [ aa] • ᩅ [v]
ᦂᩁ
ᦂᩁᩥᩔ
ᩥ ᩈᨲᩦ ᩥ
ᩔᩈᩦ ᪅ᦂᩣᩉ
᪅ᦂᩣᩉᩴᩴ ᨽᩮᨶ ᨷᩤᨱ ᦀᨽ
ᦀᨽᩥᨶᩥ ᨾᩥᨾᩥᨶᩔ
ᩥᩔᩣᨾᩥ
ᩣᨾᩥ ᩮᩈᨿᨳᩣᨷ
ᩣᨷᩥᩥ ᨾᩉᩣᨷᨳᩅ
ᨾᩉᩣᨷᨳᩅᩦᩦ ᩮᨿ ᩈ [s]
[ ii   ]
• • • • [ēē āā aa]
• • [aa ēē] • [āā ii] • [ ii  ii āā ] • • • • • [  āā ] • • • [ āā  ] • • • [ēē]
ᩉ [h]
ᨷᨳᩅ
ᨷᨳᩅᩥᨶᩥ ᩔ
ᩥ ᨲ
ᩥᨲᩣᩣ ᨷᩤᨱᩣ ᩮᨲ ᨲᨲ ᩈᦂ
ᩴᦂᩣᩮᨾᩔᩣᨾᩥ
ᩣᩮᨾᩔᩣᨾᩥ ᪅ᩮᦂᨶ ᩉᩮᨲᨶ ᨷᨳᩅ ᩊ [ḷ]
[ ii  āā] • • • [āā āā] • [ēē] [aa ] • [aa āā  āā ]
• • • • [ēē ēē ] • • [aa ēē ] • • [ ii] •
ᦀᩴ [ŋ̊]
ᨷᩁ
ᩥ ᩮᨲᩔᩣᨾ
ᩣᨾᩦᨲᩦ ᩥ ᦀᩃ
ᦀᩃᩴᩴ ᩮᨾᩣᦅᩃᩣᨶ ᨾᩣ ᩮᨲ ᩁᨧᩥ ᨷᨳᩅ ᨷᩁ
ᩥ ᩮᨲᨲᩴ ᩅᨷᩥᨷᩃ
ᩃᩣᩈᨾᩥ
[ aa  āā  ]
• • • • • [ aa] • [ aa āā ] • • • [āā] [ēē] u ]
[u • [ ii] • [ aa ēē u
u] • • • [ aa āā aa ]
• • • •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
9
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
ᩈᨲᩣ ᨷᨭ
ᨷᨭᩥᩃ
ᩥ ᩮᨽᨿᩩᨶᩥ
ᩃᩮᨽᨿ ᩈᩣᨵ ᨽᩮᨶ ᩈᩮᨻ
ᩈᩮᨻᩛᩣᩛ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩᩈᩮᩴᩮᨥᩣ
ᨥᩣ ᩏᨲᩁᦂᩁᩴ ᨷᨱ
ᩥᨱᩣᨿ ᦅᩮᨧᨿᩣᨲᨲᩥᩥ
[aa āā]• u ]
[  u • • • [āā ] • [aa ēē] • [aa ōō] • [ii  aa ōō] • • • u  u
[u u]
• • [ii āā ] • • [aa  āā ]
• • •
ᦀᩃ
ᦀᩃᩴᩴ ᩮᨾᩣᦅᩃᩣᨶ ᨾᩣ ᩮᨲ ᩁᨧᩥ ᩈᨻ
ᩈᨻᩛᩔ
ᩛ ᨽᦂ
ᩴᨥᩔ
ᩔ ᩏᨲᩁᦂᩁᩴ ᨷᨱ
ᩥᨱᩣᨿ
[ aa]
• [ aa āā ] • • • [āā] [ēē] u ]
[u • [aa aa ] • • [ii  aa aa ] • • • • u  u
[u • u] • [ii āā ] • •
ᦅᨾᨶᨶᩥ
[ aa ] • •
1 -23 ᦀᨳ ᩮᦃᩣ ᦀᩣᨿᩈᩮᨲᩣ ᩈᩣᩁ

ᩈᩣᩁᩥᨷᨷᩥ ᨲᩔ ᩁᩮᩉᩣᦅᨲᩔ ᨷᨭ
ᨷᨭᩥᩈᩈᩃ
ᩥ ᩃᩦᨶᩔ ᪅ᩅ
᪅ᩅᩴᩴ
[] [ōō] [āā aa  ōō]
• • • [āā  u
u aa ]
• • • • [ ōō  aa ]
• • • • [ aa  aa ]
• • • • [ēē aa]•
ᩮᨧᨲᩮᩈᩣ ᨷᩁ
ᨷᩁᩥᩅᩥ ᨲ
ᩥᨲᩮᦂ
ᩮᦂᩣ ᩏᨴᨷᩤᨴᩥ ᦂᨲᩮᨾᩈᩣᨶ
ᦂᨲᩮᨾᩈᩣᨶᩴᩴ ᩮᦃᩣ ᨻᨴᩤᨶᩴ ᨽᦅᩅᨶᩴ ᨻᩉᨧᩁᩁᩥᨿᩥ ᩴ
[ēē  ōō]
• • [ aa ōō] • • [ āā ] • • [ ēē āā aa] • • • [ōō] u āā aa]
[u • • [ aa āā aa] • • • [ aa] •
ᨶ ᨧᩁᩥᩁᨭᨭᩥᨲᦂ
ᩥᦂᩴᩴ ᦀᩮᩉᩣᩈ
ᦀᩮᩉᩣᩈᩥᩥ ᦂᨲᩮᨾᩈᩣᨶ
ᦂᨲᩮᨾᩈᩣᨶᩴᩴ ᨻᨴᩤᨶᩴ ᨽᦅᩅᨶᩴ ᨻᩉᨧᩁᩁᩥᨿᩥ ᩴ ᨧᩁᩥᩁᨭᨭᩥᨲᦂ
ᩥᦂᩴᩴ
[] [ aa  aa]
• • • [ ōō ] • • [ ēē āā aa]
• • • u āā aa]
[u • • [ aa āā aa] • • • [ aa] • [ aa  aa]
• • •
ᦀᩮᩉᩣᩈ
ᦀᩮᩉᩣᩈᩦᨲᩦ ᩥ
[ ōō  ]
• • •
1 -24 ᦀᨳ ᩮᦃᩣ ᦀᩣᨿᩈᩣ ᩈᩣᩁ

ᩈᩣᩁᩥᨷᨷᩥ ᩮᨲᩣ ᩈᩣᨿᨶᩈᨾᨿ
ᨾᨿᩴᩴ ᨷᨭ
ᩥ ᩃᩣ ᩅᨭᩥᩮᨲᩣ ᩮᨿᨶ
[] [ōō] [āā aa ā]
• • [āā  u
u ōō]
• • • [āā  aa]
• • [ aa āā āā]
• • • u  ōō]
[u • • [ēē ] •
ᨽᦅᩅᩤ ᩮᨲᨶᨷᩈᩈᩴᦂᦂᨾᩥ
ᩴ ᨾᩥ ᩏᨷᩈ
ᩴ ᨾᨲᨲ
ᦀᨽᩥᩅᩅᩤᩥ ᩤᩮᨴᨲᩣ ᪅ᦂᨾᨶᩴ ᨶᩈᩥ ᨴᩦ ᩥ
[ āā] • [ēē  aa ]
• • • [ aa  ii ā]
• • • • [ aa aa] • • [ āā ēē ā] • • • [ēē  aa aa]
• • • [  ]
• •
᪅ᦂᨾᨶᩴ ᨶᩈᩥ ᩮᩥᩮ ᩮᦃᩣ ᦀᩣᨿᩈᩣ ᩈᩣᩁ

ᩈᩣᩁᩥᨷᨷᩥ ᩮᨲᩣ ᨽᦅᩅᨶᩴ ᪅ᨲᨴᩮᩅᩤᨧ ᦀᩥᨵ ᨾᨿᩴ ᨽᩮᨶ
[ēē  aa aa]
• • • [ ii ōō]
• • [ōō] [āā aa ā]
• • [āā  u
u ōō]• • • [ aa aa] • • [ēē  ōō ]
• • • [] [aa a] • [aa ēē] •
ᩁᩮᩉᩣᦅᨲᩔ ᨷᨭ
ᩥ ᩃᩦᨶᩔ ᪅ᩅ
᪅ᩅᩴᩴ ᩮᨧᨲᩮᩈᩣ ᨷᩁ
ᨷᩁᩥᩅᩥ ᨲ
ᩥᨲᩮᦂ
ᩮᦂᩣ ᩏᨴᨷᩤᨴᩥ ᦂᨲᩮᨾᩈᩣᨶ
ᦂᨲᩮᨾᩈᩣᨶᩴᩴ ᩮᦃᩣ
[ ōō  aa ]
• • • • [ aa  aa ]
• • • • [ēē aa]
• [ēē  ōō]• • [ aa ōō] • • [ āā ] • • [ ēē āā aa] • • • [ōō]
ᨻᨴᩤᨶᩴ ᨽᦅᩅᨶᩴ ᨻᩉᨧᩁᩁᩥᨿᩥ ᩴ ᨶ ᨧᩁᩥᩁᨭᨭᩥᨲᦂ

ᦂᨲᩮᨾᩈᩣᨶᩴᩴ ᨻᨴᩤᨶᩴ
u āā aa]
[u • • [ aa āā aa] • • • [ aa] • [] [ aa  aa]
• • • [ ōō ]
• • [ ēē āā aa] • • • u āā aa]
[u • •
ᨽᦅᩅᨶᩴ ᨻᩉᨧᩁᩁᩥᨿᩥ ᩴ ᨧᩁᩥᩁᨭᨭᩥᨲᦂ

ᦀᩮᩉᩣᩈᩦᨲᩦ ᩥ ᦂᨲᩮᨾᩈᩣᨶ
ᦂᨲᩮᨾᩈᩣᨶᩴᩴ ᨶ ᩮᦃᩣ ᨽᩮᨶ
[ aa āā aa] • • • [ aa] • [ aa  aa]
• • • [ ōō  ]
• • • [ ēē āā aa] • • • [] [ōō] [aa ēē] •
ᨻᨴᩤᨶᩴ ᨽᦅᩅᨶᩴ ᨻᩉᨧᩁᩁᩥᨿᩥ ᩴ ᨶ ᨧᩁᩥᩁᨭᨭᩥᨲᦂ

ᦂᨲᩮᨾᩈᩣᨶᩴᩴ ᨻᨴᩤᨶᩴ
[u • • [ aa āā aa] • • • [ aa] • [] [ aa  aa]
• • • [ ōō ]
• • [ ēē āā aa] • • • u āā aa]
[u • •
ᨽᦅᩅᨶᩴ ᨻᩉᨧᩁᩁᩥᨿᩥ ᩴ ᨧᩁᩥᩁᨭᨭᩥᨲᦂ

[ aa āā aa] • • • [ aa] • [ aa  aa]
• • • [ ōō  ]
• • •
1 -25 ᨽᦅᩅᩮᨲᩣ ᨧ ᩈᩣᩁ

ᩈᩣᩁᩥᨷᨷᩥ ᨲ ᩅᨷᩥᨷᩔᩥ
ᩔᩔ ᩥ ᨽᦅᩅᩮᨲᩣ ᨧ ᩈᦃᩥᦃᩥᩥᩔ ᨽᦅᩅᩮᨲᩣ ᨧ
[ ōō] • [] [āā  u
u ]
• • • [ aa ii ]
• • • [ ōō] • [] [ ii ]• • [ ōō] • []
ᩮᩅᩔᨽᩔ ᨻᩉᨧᩁᩁᩥᨿᩥ ᩴ ᨶ ᨧᩁᩥᩁᨭᨭᩥᨲᦂ

ᦀᩮᩉᩣᩈᩥᩥ ᨽᦅᩅᩮᨲᩣ ᨧ ᩈᩣᩁ
ᩈᩣᩁᩥᨷᨷᩥ ᨲ ᦂᦂᩈᨶᩔ
u ]
[  u• • • [ aa] • [] [ aa  aa]
• • • [ ōō ] • • [ ōō] • [] [āā  u
u ]
• • • [ aa aa ] • • •
ᨽᦅᩅᩮᨲᩣ ᨧ ᩮᦂᩣᨱᩣᦅᨾᨶᩔ ᨽᦅᩅᩮᨲᩣ ᨧ ᦂᩔᨷᩔ ᨻᩉᨧᩁᩁᩥᨿᩥ ᩴ ᨧᩁᩥᩁᨭᨭᩥᨲᦂ

ᩥᦂᩴᩴ
[ ōō] • [] [ōō āā  aa ]
• • • • [ ōō] • [] [aa  aa ] • • • [ aa] • [ aa  aa]
• • •
ᦀᩮᩉᩣᩈ
[ ōō  ]
• • •
1 -26 ᩮᦂᩣ ᨶ ᩮᦃᩣ ᨽᩮᨶ ᩮᩉᨲ ᩮᦂᩣ ᨷᨧᩮᨿᩣ ᩮᨿᨶ ᨽᦅᩅᩮᨲᩣ ᨧ

[ōō] [] [ōō] [aa ēē] • [ēē ] • [ōō] [aa  ōō] • • [ēē ] • [ ōō] • []
ᩅᨷᩥᨷᩔᩥ
ᩔᩔ ᩥ ᨽᦅᩅᩮᨲᩣ ᨧ ᩈᦃᩥᦃᩥᩥᩔ ᨽᦅᩅᩮᨲᩣ ᨧ ᩮᩅᩔᨽᩔ ᨻᩉᨧᩁᩁᩥᨿᩥ ᩴ ᨶ ᨧᩁᩥᩁᨭᨭᩥᨲᦂ
ᩥᦂᩴᩴ
[ aa ii ]
• • • [ ōō] • [] [ ii ]
• • [ ōō] • [] u ]
[  u • • • [ aa] • [] [ aa  aa]
• • •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
10
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
ᦀᩮᩉᩣᩈ
ᦀᩮᩉᩣᩈᩦᨲᩦ ᩥ ᨽᦅᩅᩤ ᨧ ᩈᩣᩁ
ᩈᩣᩁᩥᨷᨷᩥ ᨲ ᩅᨷᩥᨷᩔᩦ
ᩔᩦ ᨽᦅᩅᩤ ᨧ ᩈᦃᩥᦃᩦᩦ ᨽᦅᩅᩤ ᨧ ᩮᩅᩔᨽ
[ ōō  ] [ āā] [] [āā  u
u ] [ aa ] [ āā] [] [ ] [ āā] [] ū]
[  ū
ᦂ [k]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •
ᦂᩥᩃᩣᩈᩮ ᦀᩮᩉᩈᩴ ᩈᩣᩅᦂᩣᨶ

ᩈᩣᩅᦂᩣᨶᩴᩴ ᩅᨲ
ᩥᨲᩣᩮᩁᨶ ᨵᨾᩴ ᩮᨴᩮᩈᨲᩴ ᦀᨷᦂᨬ ᩮᨶᩈ
ᩮᨶᩈᩴᩴ ᦀᩮᩉᩣᩈ
ᦀᩮᩉᩣᩈᩥᩥ ᦃ [kʰ]
[ āā  ōō]
• • • [ ēē u
u]
• • [āā  āā aa]
• • • [ii āā ēē ] • • • [aa aa] • [ēē ēē u
u] • • [aa  aa ]• • • [ēē aa] • [ ōō ]
• •
ᦅ [g]
ᩈᨲᩴ ᩮᦅᨿᩴ ᩮᩅᨿᩣᦂᩁᨱ
ᦂᩁᨱᩴᩴ ᦅᩤᨳᩣ ᩏᨴᩤᨶᩴ ᦀᩥᨲᩅᩥᩅᨲᦂᩴ ᨩᩣᨲᦂᩴ ᦀᨻᩩᨲᨵᨾᩴ
u aa]
[u • [ aa] • [ āā  aa] • • • [āā āā] • [ āā aa]
• • u  aa]
[ u • • • [āā  aa] • • [aa  aa aa]
• • • ᨥ [gʰ]
ᩮᩅᨴᩃᩴ ᦀᨷᨬᨲᩴ ᩈᩣᩅᦂᩣᨶ

ᩈᩣᩅᦂᩣᨶᩴᩴ ᩈᦂ
ᨷᨴᩴᩴ ᦀᨶᨴᩥᨭᩴ ᨷᩤᨲᩮᩥᩮᨾᩣᦂ
ᨾᩣᦂᩴ ᩮᨲᩈ
ᩮᨲᩈᩴᩴ ᨻᨴᩤᨶᩴ ᨦ [ṅ]
[ēē aa aa]
• • [ aa aa aa]
• • • [āā  āā aa]
• • • [ii āā  aa] • • • u ii aa]
[ u • • • [āā   aa] • • • [ēē aa] • u āā aa]
[u • •
ᨧ [c]
ᨽᦅᩅᨶᩴ ᦀᨶᩁᨵᩤᩮᨶᨶ ᨻᨴᩤᨶᨻᨴᩤᨶᩴ ᩈᩣᩅᦂᩣᨶ

ᩈᩣᩅᦂᩣᨶᩴᩴ ᦀᨶᩁᨵᩤᩮᨶᨶ ᩮᨿ ᩮᨲ ᦉ [cʰ]
[ aa āā aa] • • • [aa  āā ēē ]
• • • • u āā  u
[u u āā aa] • • • • • [āā  āā aa]• • • [aa  āā ēē ]
• • • • [ēē] [ēē]
ᨩ [j]
ᨷᨧᩥᨾᩣ ᩈᩣᩅᦂᩣ ᨾᩣ ᩮᦅᩤᨲᩣ ᨩᨧᩣ ᦂᩃᩣ ᨷᨻ
ᨷᨻᩛᨩᩛ ᨲ
ᩥᨲᩣᩣ ᩮᨲ ᨲᩴ
[aa  āā] • • [āā  āā]• • [āā āā āā āā]
• • • [āā āā  āā]• • • [āā āā aa āā] • • • [āā āā  āā] • • • [aa  āā] • • [ēē] [aa] ᨫ [jʰ]
ᨻᩉᨧᩁᩁᩥᨿᩥ ᩴ ᦃᩥᨷᩮᨬᩅ ᦀᨶᩁᨵᩤᩮᨷᩈᩴ ᩮᩈᨿᨳᩣᨷ

ᩣᨷᩥᩥ ᩈᩣᩁ
ᩈᩣᩁᩥᨷᨷᩥ ᨲ ᨷᨷᩣᨶᨶᩥᩥ ᨹᩃᩮᦂ ᨬ [ñ]
[ aa] • [ii aa ēē ] • • • [aa  āā ēē u
• u] • • • [  āā ] • • • [āā  u
u ]
• • • [āā āā u
u āā ]
• • • • [ ēē] •
ᨭ [ṭ]
ᨶᦂ
ᩥᦂᩥᨲᩣᨶᨶᩥᩥ ᩈᩮᨲᨶ ᦀᩈ
ᦀᩈᩴᦅᦅᩉᩥ
ᩴ ᩉᨲᨲᩣᨶᩥ
ᩥ ᩣᨶᩥ ᨲᩣᨶ
ᨲᩣᨶᩥᩥ ᩅᩤᩮᨲᩣ ᩅᦂ
ᩥᦂᩥᩥᩁᨲᨲᩥᩥ ᩅᨵᩥᨵᨾᨲᩥ
ᨾᨲᩥ ᩅᨴᩥᨴᩴᩮᩈᨲ
ᩈᨲᩥᩥ ᨲᩴ ᦂᩥᩔ ᨮ [ṭʰ]
[ii ii āā ]
• • • u ēē ]
[u • • [ aa  āā ]
• • • • [āā ] • [āā ōō] • [] [] [ii aa ēē ]
• • • [aa] [ii ] •
ᨯ [ḍ]
ᩮᩉᨲ ᨿᨳᩣ ᨲᩴ ᩈᩮᨲᨶ ᦀᩈ
ᦀᩈᩴᦅᦅᩉᩥ
ᩴ ᩉᨲᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᨲᩣ ᪅ᩅᩮᨾᩅ ᩮᦃᩣ ᩈᩣᩁ
ᩈᩣᩁᩥᨷᨷᩥ ᨲ ᩮᨲᩈ
ᩮᨲᩈᩴᩴ ᨻᨴᩤᨶᩴ
[ēē ]
• [ āā] • [aa] u ēē ]
[u • • [ aa  aa āā]
• • • • [ēē  ēē ]
• • • [ōō] [āā  u
u ] • • • [ēē aa] • u āā aa]
[u • •
ᨰ [ḍʰ]
ᨽᦅᩅᨶᩴ ᦀᨶᩁᨵᩤᩮᨶᨶ ᨻᨴᩤᨶᨻᨴᩤᨶᩴ ᩈᩣᩅᦂᩣᨶ
ᩈᩣᩅᦂᩣᨶᩴᩴ ᦀᨶᩁᨵᩤᩮᨶᨶ ᩮᨿ ᩮᨲ ᨱ [ṇ]
[ aa āā aa] • • • [aa  āā ēē ]
• • • • u āā  u
[u u āā aa] • • • • • [āā  āā aa]• • • [aa  āā ēē ]
• • • • [ēē] [ēē]
ᨲ [t]
ᨷᨧᩥᨾᩣ ᩈᩣᩅᦂᩣ ᨾᩣ ᩮᦅᩤᨲᩣ ᨩᨧᩣ ᦂᩃᩣ ᨷᨻ
ᨷᨻᩛᨩᩛ ᨲ
ᩥᨲᩣᩣ ᩮᨲ ᨲᩴ ᨳ [tʰ]
[aa  āā] • • [āā  āā]• • [āā āā āā āā]
• • • [āā āā  āā]• • • [āā āā aa āā] • • • [āā āā  āā] • • • [aa  āā] • • [ēē] [aa]
ᨴ [d]
ᨻᩉᨧᩁᩁᩥᨿᩥ ᩴ ᦃᩥᨷᩮᨬᩅ ᦀᨶᩁᨵᩤᩮᨷᩈᩴ
[ aa] • [ii aa ēē ] • • • [aa  āā ēē u
• u] • • •
ᨵ [dʰ]
1 -27 ᦀᦂᩥᩃᩣᩈᩮ ᨧ ᩮᨲ ᨽᦅᩅᩮ ᦀᩮᩉᩈᩴ ᩈᩣᩅᩮᦂ ᩮᨧᨲᩈᩣ ᩮᨧᩮᨲᩣ ᨶ [n]

[ āā  ōō] • • • [] [ēē] [ aa ōō] • • [ ēē u
u]
• • [āā  ēē] • • [ēē  āā] • • [ēē ōō] •
ᨷ [p]
ᨷᩁ
ᨷᩁᩥᨧᨧᩥ  ᩮᦀᩣᩅᨴ
ᩮᦀᩣᩅᨴᩥᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᩴ ᨽᨲᨷᨻᩛᩴ ᩈᩣᩁ
ᩈᩣᩁᩥᨷᨷᩥ ᨲ ᩮᩅᩔᨽ ᨽᦅᩅᩤ ᦀᩁᩉ
ᦀᩁᩉᩴᩴ ᩈᨾᩣᩈᨾ
ᩩ ᨴᩤ ᨹ [pʰ]
[ ii ]
• • [ōō  u
• u] • ū  u
[ū u aa] • • • [āā  u
u ] • • • ū]
[  ū • • [ āā] • [ aa] • [aa āā aa u
u ōō] • • • •
ᨻ [b]
ᦀᨬᨲᩁᩈ ᨽᩈᨶᩮᦂ ᩅᨶᩈᩮᨱ ᩈᩉᩔ
ᩈᩉᩔᩴᩴ ᨽᦂ
ᩴ ᩴ ᩮᨧᨲᩈᩣ ᩮᨧᩮᨲᩣ ᨷᩁ
ᨷᩁᩥᨧᨧᩥ 
[aa  aa i]
• • • [ii  ēē] • • [ aa ēē] • • [ aa aa]
• • [ii  aa aa] • • • [ēē  āā] • • [ēē ōō] • [ ii ] • •
ᨽ [bʰ]
ᩮᦀᩣᩅᨴᨲ
ᩮᦀᩣᩅᨴᨲᩥᩥ ᦀᨶᩈᩣᩈᨲ
ᩣᩈᨲᩥᩥ ᪅ᩅ
᪅ᩅᩴᩴ ᩅᨲ
ᩥᨲᩮᦂ
ᩮᦂᨳ ᨾᩣ ᪅ᩅ
᪅ᩅᩴᩴ ᩅᨲ
ᩥᨲᦂ
ᦂᨿᨲ
ᩥᨲ ᪅ᩅ
᪅ᩅᩴᩴ ᨾᨶᩈ
ᨾᨶᩈᩥᦂᦂᩮᩁᩣᨳ
ᩥ ᩮᩁᩣᨳ ᨾᩣ ᨾ [m]
[ōō ]
• [ āā ] • • [ēē aa] • [ aa ēē ]• • • [āā] [ēē aa]
• [ aa  ii ]
• • • • [ēē aa]
• [ ōō ] • • [āā]
ᨿ [y]
᪅ᩅ
᪅ᩅᩴᩴ ᨾᨶᩈᩣᦂᨲ ᦀᩥᨴᩴ ᨷᨩᩉᨳ ᦀᩥᨴᩴ ᩏᨷᩈᨾᨩ ᩅᩉ
ᩥᩉᩁᨳᩣᨲᩥ
ᩁᨳᩣᨲᩥ ᦀᨳ ᩮᦃᩣ ᩈᩣᩁ
ᩈᩣᩁᩥᨷᨷᩥ ᨲ ᩁ [r]
[ēē aa]
• [ āā aa ] • • • [ aa] • [] [ aa]• [ aa aa ] • • • [ āā ] • • [] [ōō] [āā  u
u ] • • •
ᩃ [l]
ᨲᩔ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩᩈᩉᩔᩔ ᩮᩅᩔᨽ ᨽᦅᩅᨲᩣ ᦀᩁᩉᨲᩣ ᩈᨾᩣᩈᨾ
ᩩ ᨴᨶ ᪅ᩅ
᪅ᩅᩴᩴ
[aa ] • [ii  aa aa ]• • • • [  āā] • • [ āā] • [ āā] • [aa āā aa u
u ēē ]
• • • • • [ēē aa]
•
ᩅ [v]
ᩮᦀᩣᩅᨴ
ᩮᦀᩣᩅᨴᩥᨿᨿᨾᩣᨶᩴ
ᩥ ᨾᩣᨶᩴ ᪅ᩅ
᪅ᩅᩴᩴ ᦀᨶᩈᩣᩈ
ᩣᩈᩥᨿᨿᨾᩣᨶᩴ
ᩥ ᨾᩣᨶᩴ ᦀᨶᨷᩤᨴᩤᨿ ᦀᩣᩈᩮᩅᩉ
ᦀᩣᩈᩮᩅᩉᩥᩥ ᨧᨲ
ᩥᨲᩣᨶᨶᩥᩥ ᩅᨾᩥᨾᨧᩈ ᩈ [s]
[ōō  āā āā aa]
• • • • [ēē aa] • [ āā  āā āā aa] • • • • • [ āā āā ] • • • [āā  ēē ]
• • • [ii āā ] • • u ii ]
[ u • • •
ᩉ [h]
ᨲᨲ ᩈᨴᩴ ᩈᩣᩁ
ᩈᩣᩁᩥᨷᨷᩥ ᨲ ᨽᩈᨶᦂᩔ ᩅᨶᩈᨱᩔ ᨽᩈᨶᦂᨲᩈ ᩮᩉᩣᨲ
ᩮᩉᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᩮᨿᩣ ᩮᦂᩣᨧ
ᩮᦂᩣᨧᩥᩥ ᩊ [ḷ]
[aa ]
• [ aa] • [āā  u
u ] • • • [ii  aa ] • • • [ aa aa ] • • • [ii  aa i]
• • • [ōō ] • [ōō] [ōō ] •
ᦀᩅ
ᦀᩅᩦᨲᨲᩁᩣᩮᦅᩤ
ᩦ ᩁᩣᩮᦅᩤ ᨲᩴ ᩅᨶᩈᨱᩴ ᩮᨿᨽᩮᨿᨶ ᩮᩃᩣᨾᩣᨶ
ᩮᩃᩣᨾᩣᨶᩥᩥ ᩉᩈᩴᩈᨶᨶᩥ ᦀᨿ
ᦀᨿᩴᩴ ᩮᦃᩣ ᩈᩣᩁ
ᩈᩣᩁᩥᨷᨷᩥ ᨲ ᦀᩴ [ŋ̊]
ᨷᩅ
ᨷᩅᩥᩈᩈᨲᩥ
ᩥ ᨲᩥ
[   āā ōō]
• • • • [aa] [ aa aa] • • [] [ēē u
u ēē ]
• • • [ōō āā ] • • [aa aa ] • • [ aa]• [ōō] [āā  u
u ]
• • •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
11
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
ᩮᩉᨲ ᦀᨿ
ᦀᨿᩴᩴ ᨷᨧᩮᨿᩣ ᩮᨿᨶ ᨽᦅᩅᩮᨲᩣ ᨧ ᩅᨷᩥᨷᩔᩥ
ᩔᩔ ᩥ ᨽᦅᩅᩮᨲᩣ ᨧ ᩈᦃᩥᦃᩥᩥᩔ ᨽᦅᩅᩮᨲᩣ ᨧ
[ēē ] • [ aa]• [aa  ōō] • • [ēē ] • [ ōō] • [] [ aa ii ]
• • • [ ōō] • [] [ ii ]
• • [ ōō] • []
ᩮᩅᩔᨽᩔ ᨻᩉᨧᩁᩁᩥᨿᩥ ᩴ ᨶ ᨧᩁᩥᩁᨭᨭᩥᨲᦂ

u ]
[  u • • • [ aa] • [] [ aa  aa] • • • [ ōō  ]
• • •
1 -28 ᩮᦂᩣ ᨷᨶ ᨽᩮᨶ ᩮᩉᨲ ᩮᦂᩣ ᨷᨧᩮᨿᩣ ᩮᨿᨶ ᨽᦅᩅᩮᨲᩣ ᨧ

[ōō] [] [aa ēē] • [ēē ] • [ōō] [aa  ōō] • • [ēē ] • [ ōō] • []
ᦂᦂᩈᨶᩔ ᨽᦅᩅᩮᨲᩣ ᨧ ᩮᦂᩣᨱᩣᦅᨾᨶᩔ ᨽᦅᩅᩮᨲᩣ ᨧ ᦂᩔᨷᩔ ᨻᩉᨧᩁᩁᩥᨿᩥ ᩴ

[ aa aa ] • • • [ ōō] • [] [ōō āā  aa ] • • • • [ ōō] • [] [aa  aa ] • • • [ aa] •
ᨧᩁᩥᩁᨭᨭᩥᨲᦂ
ᦀᩮᩉᩣᩈᩦᨲᩦ ᩥ ᨽᦅᩅᩤ ᨧ ᩈᩣᩁ
ᩈᩣᩁᩥᨷᨷᩥ ᨲ ᦂᦂᩈᩮ ᨽᦅᩅᩤ ᨧ ᩮᦂᩣᨱᩣᦅᨾᩮ
[ aa  aa]
• • • [ ōō  ]
• • • [ āā] • [] [āā  u
u ]• • • [ aa ōō] • • [ āā] • [] [ōō āā  ōō]
• • •
ᨽᦅᩅᩤ ᨧ ᦂᩔᩮᨷᩤ ᦀᦂᩥᩃᩣᩈᩮ ᦀᩮᩉᩈᩴ ᩈᩣᩅᦂᩣᨶ

ᩈᩣᩅᦂᩣᨶᩴᩴ ᩅᨲ
ᩥᨲᩣᩮᩁᨶ ᨵᨾᩴ ᩮᨴᩮᩈᨲᩴ
[ āā] • [] [aa  ōō] • • [ āā  ōō] • • • [ ēē u
u]
• • [āā  āā aa]
• • • [ii āā ēē ]
• • • [aa aa] • [ēē ēē u
u] • •
ᨻᩉᨬ ᩮᨶᩈ
ᩮᨶᩈᩴᩴ ᦀᩮᩉᩣᩈ
ᦀᩮᩉᩣᩈᩥᩥ ᩈᨲᩴ ᩮᦅᨿᩴ ᩮᩅᨿᩣᦂᩁᨱ
ᦂᩁᨱᩴᩴ ᦅᩤᨳᩣ ᩏᨴᩤᨶᩴ ᦀᩥᨲᩅᩥᩅᨲᦂᩴ ᨩᩣᨲᦂᩴ
u ]
[ u • • [ēē aa]
• [ ōō ]
• • u aa]
[u • [ aa] • [ āā  aa] • • • [āā āā] • [ āā aa] • • u  aa]
[ u • • • [āā  aa]• •
ᦀᨻᩩᨲᨵᨾᩴ ᩮᩅᨴᩃᩴ ᨷᨬᨲᩴ ᩈᩣᩅᦂᩣᨶ

ᨷᨴᩴᩴ ᩏᨴᩥᨭᩴ ᨷᩤᨲᩮᩥᩮᨾᩣᦂ
ᩮᨲᩈᩴᩴ
[aa  aa aa]
• • • [ēē aa aa] • • [aa aa aa] • • [āā  āā aa]
• • • [ii āā  aa] • • • u ii aa]
[u • • [āā   aa]
• • • [ēē aa] •
ᨻᨴᩤᨶᩴ ᨽᦅᩅᨶᩴ ᦀᨶᩁᨵᩤᩮᨶᨶ ᨻᨴᩤᨶᨻᨴᩤᨶᩴ ᩈᩣᩅᦂᩣᨶ

ᩈᩣᩅᦂᩣᨶᩴᩴ ᦀᨶᩁᨵᩤᩮᨶᨶ ᩮᨿ
[u • • [ aa āā aa] • • • [aa  āā ēē ]
• • • • u āā  u
[u u āā aa] • • • • • [āā  āā aa]
• • • [aa  āā ēē ]
• • • • [ēē]
ᩮᨲ ᨷᨧᩥᨾᩣ ᩈᩣᩅᦂᩣ ᨾᩣ ᩮᦅᩤᨲᩣ ᨩᨧᩣ ᦂᩃᩣ ᨷᨻ

ᨷᨻᩛᨩᩛ ᨲ
[ēē] [aa  āā] • • [āā  āā] • • [āā āā āā āā]
• • • [āā āā  āā]
• • • [āā āā aa āā] • • • [āā āā  āā]• • • [aa  āā] • • [ēē] [aa]
ᨻᩉᨧᩁᩁᩥᨿᩥ ᩴ ᨧᩁᩥ ᩴ ᨴᨥ
ᩦᨥᨾᨴ
ᨾᨴᩤᨶᩴ ᨮᩮᨷᩈᩴ ᩮᩈᨿᨳᩣᨷ
ᩣᨷᩥᩥ ᩈᩣᩁ
ᩈᩣᩁᩥᨷᨷᩥ ᨲ ᨷᨷᩣᨶᨶᩥᩥ ᨹᩃᩮᦂ
[ aa] • [ aa] • [  aa āā aa]
• • • • [ ēē u
u] • • [  āā ] • • • [āā  u
u ]
• • • [āā āā u
u āā ]
• • • • [ ēē] •
ᨶᦂ
ᩥᦂᩥᨲᩣᨶᨶᩥᩥ ᩈᩮᨲᨶ ᩈᩈᦅᩴᦅᩉᩥ
ᩉᨲᨲᩣᨶᩥ
ᩥ ᩣᨶᩥ ᨲᩣᨶ
ᨲᩣᨶᩥᩥ ᩅᩤᩮᨲᩣ ᨶ ᩅᦂ
ᩥᦂᩥᩥᩁᨲᨲᩥᩥ ᨶ ᩅᨵᩥᨵᨾᨲᩥ
ᨾᨲᩥ ᨶ ᩅᨴᩥᨴᩴᩮᩈᨲ
ᩈᨲᩥᩥ
[ii ii āā ]
• • • u ēē ]
[u • • [ aa  āā ]
• • • • [āā ] • [āā ōō] • [] [] [] [] [] [ii aa ēē ] • • •
ᨲᩴ ᦂᩥᩔ ᩮᩉᨲ ᨿᨳᩣ ᨲᩴ ᩈᩮᨲᨶ ᩈᩈᦅᩴᦅᩉᩥ

ᩉᨲᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᨲᩣ ᪅ᩅᩮᨾᩅ ᩮᦃᩣ ᩈᩣᩁ
ᩈᩣᩁᩥᨷᨷᩥ ᨲ ᩮᨲᩈ
ᩮᨲᩈᩴᩴ
[aa] [ii ] • [ēē ] • [ āā] • [aa] u ēē ]
[u • • [ aa  aa āā]
• • • • [ēē  ēē ]
• • • [ōō] [āā  u
u ]
• • • [ēē aa] •
ᨻᨴᩤᨶᩴ ᨽᦅᩅᨶᩴ ᦀᨶᩁᨵᩤᩮᨶᨶ ᨻᨴᩤᨶᨻᨴᩤᨶᩴ ᩈᩣᩅᦂᩣᨶ

ᩈᩣᩅᦂᩣᨶᩴᩴ ᦀᨶᩁᨵᩤᩮᨶᨶ ᩮᨿ
[u • • [ aa āā aa] • • • [aa  āā ēē ]
• • • • u āā  u
[u u āā aa] • • • • • [āā  āā aa]
• • • [aa  āā ēē ]
• • • • [ēē]
ᩮᨲ ᨷᨧᩥᨾᩣ ᩈᩣᩅᦂᩣ ᨾᩣ ᩮᦅᩤᨲᩣ ᨩᨧᩣ ᦂᩃᩣ ᨷᨻ

ᨷᨻᩛᨩᩛ ᨲ
[ēē] [aa  āā] • • [āā  āā] • • [āā āā āā āā]
• • • [āā āā  āā]
• • • [āā āā aa āā] • • • [āā āā  āā]• • • [aa  āā] • • [ēē] [aa]
ᨻᩉᨧᩁᩁᩥᨿᩥ ᩴ ᨧᩁᩥ ᩴ ᨴᨥ
ᩦᨥᨾᨴ
ᨾᨴᩤᨶᩴ ᨮᩮᨷᩈᩴ ᦀᨿ
ᦀᨿᩴᩴ ᩮᦃᩣ ᩈᩣᩁ
ᩈᩣᩁᩥᨷᨷᩥ ᨲ ᩮᩉᨲ ᦀᨿ
ᦀᨿᩴᩴ ᨷᨧᩮᨿᩣ
[ aa] • [ aa] • [  aa āā aa]
• • • • [ ēē u
u] • • [ aa] • [ōō] [āā  u
u ]
• • • [ēē ] • [ aa] • [aa  ōō] • •
ᩮᨿᨶ ᨽᦅᩅᩮᨲᩣ ᨧ ᦂᦂᩈᨶᩔ ᨽᦅᩅᩮᨲᩣ ᨧ ᩮᦂᩣᨱᩣᦅᨾᨶᩔ ᨽᦅᩅᩮᨲᩣ ᨧ ᦂᩔᨷᩔ

[ēē ] • [ ōō] • [] [ aa aa ] • • • [ ōō] • [] [ōō āā  aa ]
• • • • [ ōō] • [] [aa  aa ] • • •
ᨻᩉᨧᩁᩁᩥᨿᩥ ᩴ ᨧᩁᩥᩁᨭᨭᩥᨲᦂ
[ aa] • [ aa  aa]
• • • [ ōō  ]
• • •
1 -29 ᦀᨳ ᩮᦃᩣ ᦀᩣᨿᩈᩣ ᩈᩣᩁ

ᩈᩣᩁᩥᨷᨷᩥ ᩮᨲᩣ ᩏᨭᩣᨿᩣᩈ ᪅ᦂᩴᩈᩴ ᩏᨲᩁᩣᩈ
ᩣᩈᩴᦅᦅᩴᩴ ᩴ ᦂᩁ
ᦂᩁᩥᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᩣ
[] [ōō] [āā aa ā]
• • [āā  u
u ōō]• • • u āā āā  āā]
[u • • • • [ēē aa aa]
• • u  āā aa aa]
[u • • • • [ ii ā]• •
ᩮᨿᨶ ᨽᦅᩅᩤ ᩮᨲᨶᨬᩃ ᨷᨱᩣᩮᨾᨲᩣ ᨽᦅᩅᨶᩴ ᪅ᨲᨴᩮᩅᩤᨧ ᪅ᨲᩔ ᨽᦅᩅᩤ ᦂᩣᩮᩃᩣ

[ēē ] • [ āā] • [ēē aa  ii]
• • • [ āā ēē ā]• • • [ aa aa] • • [ēē  ōō ]
• • • [ēē aa ]
• • [ āā] • [āā ōō] •
᪅ᨲᩔ ᩈᦅᨲ ᦂᩣᩮᩃᩣ ᨿᩴ ᨽᦅᩅᩤ ᩈᩣᩅᦂᩣᨶ

ᨷᨴᩴᩴ ᨷᨬᩮᨷᨿ ᩏᨴᩥᩮᩈᨿ
[ēē aa ]
• • [] [āā ōō] • [aa] [ āā] • [āā  āā aa]
• • • [ii āā  aa] • • • [aa   ] • • • u   ]
[u • • •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
12
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
ᨷᩤᨲᩮᩥᩮᨾᩣᦂ
ᨾᩣᦂᩴ ᨿᨳᨿ
ᨿᨳᨿᩥᨴᩥ ᩴ ᨻᩉᨧᩁᩁᩥᨿᩥ ᩴ ᦀᨴᨶᨿ
ᩥ ᩴ ᦀᩔ ᨧᩁᩥᩁᨭᨭᩥᨲᦂ
ᩥᦂᨶᨶᩥ ᦀᩣᦅᩮᨾᩉ
ᦀᩣᦅᩮᨾᩉᩥᩥ ᨲᩴ
[āā   aa] [ aa] [ aa] [aa  aa] [aa ] [ aa  aa ] [āā  ēē ] [a]
ᦂ [k]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
ᩈᩣᩁ
ᩈᩣᩁᩥᨷᨷᩥ ᨲ ᦀᩣᦅᩮᨾᩉ
ᦀᩣᦅᩮᨾᩉᩥᩥ ᨲᩴ ᩈᩣᩁ
ᩈᩣᩁᩥᨷᨷᩥ ᨲ ᨲᨳᩣᦅᩮᨲᩣᩅ ᨲᨲ ᦂᩣᩃ
ᦂᩣᩃᩴᩴ ᨩᩣᨶ
ᨩᩣᨶᩥᩔ
ᩥ ᨲᩥ ᨶ
ᩔᨲᩥ ᨲᩣᩅ ᦃ [kʰ]
[āā  u
• u ] • • [āā  ēē ]
• • • [a] [āā  u
u ] • • • [ āā  ōō ]
• • • • [aa ] • [āā aa] • [āā ii ]
• • [] [āā ] •
ᦅ [g]
ᩈᩣᩁ
ᩈᩣᩁᩥᨷᨷᩥ ᨲ ᩈᨲᩣ ᩈᩣᩅᦂᩣᨶ
ᨷᨴᩴᩴ ᨷᨬᩮᨷᨲ
ᨷᨬᩮᨷᨲᩥᩥ ᩏᨴᩥᩈᨲᨲᩥᩥ ᨷᩤᨲᩮᩥᩮᨾᩣᦂ
ᨾᩣᦂᩴ ᨿᩣᩅ ᨶ
[āā  u
• u ] • • [aa āā] • [āā  āā aa]
• • • [ii āā  aa] • • • [aa  ēē ] • • • u ]
[u • [āā   aa]• • • [āā ] • [] ᨥ [gʰ]
ᦀᩥᩮᨵᦂᩮᨧ ᦀᩣᩈᩅᨭᩣᨶᨶᩦᨿᨿᩣ
ᩦ ᩣ ᨵᨾᩣ ᩈᩮᩴᩮᨥ
ᨥ ᨷᩤᨲᨽᩅᨶᩥ ᨿᩮᨲᩣ ᨧ ᩮᦃᩣ ᩈᩣᩁ
ᩈᩣᩁᩥᨷᨷᩥ ᨲ ᨦ [ṅ]
[ ēē aa ēē]
• • • [āā  aa āā  āā]
• • • • • [aa āā] • [aa ēē] • [āā  aa ]
• • • [ ōō] • [] [ōō] [āā  u
u ]
• • •
ᨧ [c]
ᦀᩥᩮᨵᦂᩮᨧ ᦀᩣᩈᩅᨭᩣᨶᨶᩦᨿᨿᩣ
ᨥ ᨷᩤᨲᨽᩅᨶᩥ ᦀᨳ ᩈᨲᩣ ᩈᩣᩅᦂᩣᨶ
ᩈᩣᩅᦂᩣᨶᩴᩴ ᦉ [cʰ]
[ ēē aa ēē]
• • • [āā  aa āā  āā]
• • • • • [aa āā] • [aa ēē] • [āā  aa ]
• • • [] [aa āā] • [āā  āā aa]
• • •
ᨩ [j]
ᩈᦂ
ᩮᨲᩈᩴᩮᩮᨿᩅ
ᩴ ᨿᩅ ᦀᩣᩈᩅᨭᩣᨶᨶᩦᨿᨿᩣᨶᩴ
ᩦ ᩣᨶᩴ ᨵᨾᩣᨶᨶᩴᩴ
[ii āā  aa]
• • • [aa  ēē ] • • • u ]
[u • [āā   aa] • • • [ēē aa ēē ]
• • • [āā  aa āā  āā aa]
• • • • • • [aa āā aa] • • ᨫ [jʰ]
ᨷᨭ
ᨷᨭᩥᨥ
ᩥ ᩣᨲᩣᨿ
ᨥᩣᨲᩣᨿ ᨬ [ñ]
[ āā āā ]• • •
ᨭ [ṭ]
1 -30 ᨶ ᨲᩣᩅ ᩈᩣᩁ

ᩈᩣᩁᩥᨷᨷᩥ ᨲ ᦀᩥᩮᨵᦂᩮᨧ ᦀᩣᩈᩅᨭᩣᨶᨶᩦᨿᨿᩣ
ᨥ ᨮ [ṭʰ]
[] [āā ]• [āā  u
u ] • • • [ ēē aa ēē]
• • • [āā  aa āā  āā]
• • • • • [aa āā] • [aa ēē] •
ᨯ [ḍ]
ᨷᩤᨲᨽᩅᨶᩥ ᨿᩣᩅ ᨶ ᩈᩮᩴᩮᨥᩣ
ᨥᩣ ᩁᨲᨬᩩᨾᩉᨲᩴ ᨷᩮᨲᩣ ᩮᩉᩣᨲ
ᩮᩉᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᨿᩮᨲᩣ ᨧ ᩮᦃᩣ
[āā  aa ]
• • • [āā ] • [] [aa ōō] • [aa aa  aa aa]
• • • • [aa ōō] • [ōō ] • [ ōō] • [] [ōō] ᨰ [ḍʰ]
ᩈᩣᩁ
ᩈᩣᩁᩥᨷᨷᩥ ᨲ ᩈᩮᩴᩮᨥᩣ
ᨥᩣ ᩁᨲᨬᩩᨾᩉᨲᩴ ᨷᩮᨲᩣ ᩮᩉᩣᨲ
ᩮᩉᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᦀᨳ ᦀᩥᩮᨵᦂᩮᨧ ᦀᩣᩈᩅᨭᩣᨶᨶᩦᨿᨿᩣ
ᩦ ᩣ ᨱ [ṇ]
[āā  u
• u ] • • [aa ōō] • [aa aa  aa aa]
• • • • [aa ōō] • [ōō ] • [] [ ēē aa ēē]
• • • [āā  aa āā  āā]
• • • • •
ᨲ [t]
ᨵᨾᩣ ᩈᩮᩴᩮᨥ
ᨷᨬᩮᨷᨲᩥᩥ ᩏᨴᩥᩈᨲᨲᩥᩥ ᨳ [tʰ]
[aa āā] • [aa ēē]• [āā  aa ]
• • • [] [aa āā] • [āā  āā aa]
• • • [ii āā  aa]
• • • [aa  ēē ] • • • u ]
[u •
ᨴ [d]
ᩦ ᩣᨶᩴ ᨵᨾᩣᨶᨶᩴᩴ ᨷᨭ
ᨷᨭᩥᨥ
ᩥ ᩣᨲᩣᨿ
ᨥᩣᨲᩣᨿ
[āā   aa]
• • • [ēē aa ēē ]
• • • [āā  aa āā  āā aa]
• • • • • • [aa āā aa] • • [ āā āā ] • • •
ᨵ [dʰ]

ᨥ ᨶ [n]
[] [āā ]• [āā  u
u ] • • • [ ēē aa ēē]
• • • [āā  aa āā  āā]
• • • • • [aa āā] • [aa ēē] •
ᨷ [p]

ᨥᩣ ᩮᩅᨷᩃᨾᩉᨲᩴ ᨷᩮᨲᩣ ᩮᩉᩣᨲ
ᩮᩉᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᨿᩮᨲᩣ ᨧ ᩮᦃᩣ ᩈᩣᩁ
ᩈᩣᩁᩥᨷᨷᩥ ᨲ ᨹ [pʰ]
[āā  aa ]
• • • [āā ] • [] [aa ōō] • [ēē u
u  aa aa]
• • • • [aa ōō] • [ōō ] • [ ōō] • [] [ōō] [āā  u
u ]
• • •
ᨻ [b]
ᩈᩮᩴᩮᨥᩣ
ᨥᩣ ᩮᩅᨷᩃᨾᩉᨲᩴ ᨷᩮᨲᩣ ᩮᩉᩣᨲ
ᨥ
[aa ōō] • [ēē u
u  aa aa]
• • • • [aa ōō] • [ōō ] • [] [ ēē aa ēē]
• • • [āā  aa āā  āā]
• • • • • [aa āā] • [aa ēē] •
ᨽ [bʰ]
ᨷᩤᨲᨽᩅᨶᩥ ᦀᨳ ᩈᨲᩣ ᩈᩣᩅᦂᩣᨶ

ᨾᩣᦂᩴ ᨾ [m]
[āā  aa ]
• • • [] [aa āā] • [āā  āā aa]
• • • [ii āā  aa]
• • • [aa  ēē ] • • • u ]
[u • [āā   aa]
• • •
ᨿ [y]
ᩮᨲᩈ
ᨷᨭᩥᨥ
ᩥ ᩣᨲᩣᨿ
ᨥᩣᨲᩣᨿ ᩁ [r]
[ēē aa ēē ]
• • • [āā  aa āā  āā aa]
• • • • • • [aa āā aa] • • [ āā āā ] • • •
ᩃ [l]
ᨥ
[] [āā ]• [āā  u
u ] • • • [ ēē aa ēē]
• • • [āā  aa āā  āā]
• • • • • [aa āā] • [aa ēē] • ᩅ [v]

ᨥᩣ ᩃᩣᨽᦅᨾᩉᨲᩴ ᨷᩮᨲᩣ ᩮᩉᩣᨲ
ᩮᩉᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᨿᩮᨲᩣ ᨧ ᩮᦃᩣ ᩈ [s]
[āā  aa ]
• • • [āā ] • [] [aa ōō] • [āā aa  aa aa]
• • • • [aa ōō] • [ōō ] • [ ōō] • [] [ōō]
ᩉ [h]
ᩈᩣᩁ
ᨥᩣ ᩃᩣᨽᦅᨾᩉᨲᩴ ᨷᩮᨲᩣ ᩮᩉᩣᨲ
ᩦ ᩣ ᨵᨾᩣ ᩊ [ḷ]
[āā  u
• u ] • • [aa ōō] • [āā aa  aa aa]
• • • • [aa ōō] • [ōō ] • [] [ ēē aa ēē]
• • • [āā  aa āā  āā]
• • • • • [aa āā] •
ᦀᩴ [ŋ̊]
ᩈᩮᩴᩮᨥ
ᨷᨬᩮᨷᨲᩥᩥ ᩏᨴᩥᩈᨲᨲᩥᩥ
[aa ēē] • [āā  aa ]
• • • [] [aa āā] • [āā  āā aa]
• • • [ii āā  aa] • • • [aa  ēē ] • • • u ]
[u •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
13
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
ᨷᨭᩥᨥ
ᩥ ᩣᨲᩣᨿ
ᨥᩣᨲᩣᨿ
[āā   aa]
• • • [ēē aa ēē ]
• • • [āā  aa āā  āā aa]
• • • • • • [aa āā aa] • • [ āā āā ] • • •

ᨥ
[] [āā ] • [āā  u
u ] • • • [ ēē aa ēē]
• • • [āā  aa āā  āā]
• • • • • [aa āā] • [aa ēē] •

ᨥᩣ ᨻᩣᩉᩈᨧᨾᩉᨲᩴ ᨷᩮᨲᩣ ᩮᩉᩣᨲ
ᩮᩉᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᨿᩮᨲᩣ ᨧ ᩮᦃᩣ
[āā  aa ]
• • • [āā ] • [] [aa ōō] • [āā  aa  aa aa]
• • • • • [aa ōō] • [ōō ] • [ ōō] • [] [ōō]
ᩈᩣᩁ
ᨥᩣ ᨻᩣᩉᩈᨧᨾᩉᨲᩴ ᨷᩮᨲᩣ ᩮᩉᩣᨲ
ᩦ ᩣ ᨵᨾᩣ
[āā  u
• u ] • • [aa ōō] • [āā  aa  aa aa]
• • • • • [aa ōō] • [ōō ] • [] [ ēē aa ēē]
• • • [āā  aa āā  āā]
• • • • • [aa āā] •
ᩈᩮᩴᩮᨥ
ᨾᩣᦂᩴ
[aa ēē] • [āā  aa ]
• • • [] [aa āā] • [āā  āā aa]
• • • [ii āā  aa] • • • [aa  ēē ] • • • u ]
[u • [āā   aa]
• • •
ᩮᨲᩈ
ᨷᨭᩥᨥ
ᩥ ᩣᨲᩣᨿ
ᨥᩣᨲᩣᨿ
[ēē aa ēē ]
• • • [āā  aa āā  āā aa]
• • • • • • [aa āā aa] • • [ āā āā ] • • •
1 -34 ᨶᩁᩥᩁᨻᩩᨻᩮᩛᩮᨴᩤ
ᩩ ᨴᩤ ᩉᩥ ᩈᩣᩁ
ᩈᩣᩁᩥᨷᨷᩥ ᨲ ᨽᦂ
ᨥᩣ ᨶᩁᩥᩁᩣᨴᩦ
ᩣᨴᨶᨶᩮᩅᩤ
ᩦ ᩮᩅᩤ ᦀᨷᦅᨲᦂᩣᩊᩮᦂᩣ
[ aa  ōō]• • • [] [āā  u
u ] • • • [ii  aa ōō] • • • [ āā   ōō]
• • • • [ āā  ōō] • • •
ᩈᩮᨴᩤ ᩈᩣᩮᩁ ᨷᨲ
ᨷᨲᩥᨭᨭᩥ ᩥᩮᨲᩣ ᦀᩥᩮᨾᩈᨬᩥ ᩈᩣᩁ
ᩈᩣᩁᩥᨷᨷᩥ ᨲ ᨷᨬᨶᩴ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩᩈᨲᩣᨶ
ᨲᩣᨶᩴᩴ ᩮᨿᩣ ᨷᨧᩥᨾᩮᦂᩣ
u ōō]
[u • [āā ēē] • [ ii  ōō]
• • • [ ēē aa ]
• • • [āā  u
u ] • • • [aa aa aa] • • [ii  āā aa] • • • [ōō] [aa  ōō] • •
ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩ ᩮᩈᩣ ᩮᩈᩣᨲᩣᨷᩮ ᦀᩅ
ᦀᩅᩥᨶᩥ ᨷᩥᨷᩤᩤᨲᨵᩮᨾᩣ ᨶᨿ
ᩥᨿᩮᨲᩣ
ᩮᨲᩣ ᩈᩮᨾ
ᩈᩮᨾᩛᩣᩣᨵᩥ
ᩛ ᨵᨷᨷᩁᩣᨿᩮᨱᩣᨲᩥ
ᩥ ᩁᩣᨿᩮᨱᩣᨲᩥ
[ii ] • [ōō] [ōō āā aa ōō]
• • • [ āā  aa ōō] • • • • [ ōō] • [aa ōō  āā  ōō ]
• • • • • •
1 -35 ᦀᨳ ᩮᦃᩣ ᨽᦅᩅᩤ ᦀᩣᨿᩈᨶᩴ ᦀᩣᨶᨶᩴ ᦀᩣᨾᩮᨶᩈᩥ ᦀᩣᨧ

ᦀᩣᨧᩥᨱ
ᩥ ᩴ
ᨱ ᩮᦃᩣ
[] [ōō] [ āā] • [āā aa a aa]
• • • [āā aa aa]
• • [āā aa ēē ]
• • • [āā ii aa]
• • [ōō]
ᨷᩮᨶᨲ
ᨷᩮᨶᨲᩴᩴ ᦀᩣᨶᨶ ᨲᨳᩣᦅᨲᩣᨶ
ᨲᨳᩣᦅᨲᩣᨶᩴᩴ ᩮᨿᩉ
ᩮᨿᩉᩥᩥ ᨶᨾᩥᨾᨶᨶᩥᨲᩣ ᩅᩔ
ᩅᩔᩴᩴ ᩅᩈᨶᩥ ᨶ ᩮᨲ ᦀᨶᨷᩮᩃᩣᩮᦂᨲᩣ
[ ēē aa]
• • [āā aa ]
• • [ āā  āā aa]• • • • [ēē ] • [ aa  āā]• • • [aa aa] • [ aa ] • • [] [ēē] [ ōō ēē ā] • • •
ᨩᨶᨷᨴᨧᩣᩁ
ᨩᨶᨷᨴᨧᩣᩁᩥᦂᦂᩴ
ᩥ ᩴ ᨷᦂᨾᨶᩥ ᦀᩣᨿᩣᨾᩣᨶᨶ ᩮᩅᩁᨬᩴ ᨻᩣᩉᨱᩴ ᦀᨷᩮᩃᩣᩮᦂᩔᩣᨾᩣᨲ
ᦀᨷᩮᩃᩣᩮᦂᩔᩣᨾᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᪅ᩅ
᪅ᩅᩴᩴ
[ āā  aa] • • • [aa  aa ] • • • [āā āā āā aa ]
• • • • [ēē aa aa] • • [ā  aa] • • [ ōō  āā āā ] • • • • • [ēē aa]•
ᨽᩮᨶᨲᩥ ᩮᦃᩣ ᦀᩣᨿᩈᩣ ᦀᩣᨶᩮ ᨽᦅᩅᩮᨲᩣ ᨷᨧᩮᩔᩣᩈ

ᩔᩣᩈᩥᩥ
[aa ēē ] • • [ōō] [āā aa ā]
• • [āā aa ōō]
• • [ ōō] • [aa aa ōō ] • • •
1 -36 ᦀᨳ ᩮᦃᩣ ᨽᦅᩅᩤ ᨶᩅᩥᩅᩤᩤᩮᩈᨲᩣ ᨷᨲᨧᩅᩦᩅᩁᨾᩣᨴᩤ

ᩁᨾᩣᨴᩤᨿ ᦀᩣᨿᩈᨲᩣ ᦀᩣᨶᩮᨶᨶ
[] [ōō] [ āā] • [ āā ēē ā] • • • [aa    āā āā ]
• • • • • • [āā aa  āā]
• • • [āā aa ēē ]
• • •
ᨷᨧᩣᩈᨾᩮᨱᨶ ᩮᨿᨶ ᩮᩅᩁᨬᩔ ᨻᩣᩉᨱᩔ ᨶᩮᩥᩮᩅᩈᨶᩴ

ᩅᩈᨶᩴ ᩮᨲᨶᨷᩈᩈᩴᦂᦂᨾᩥ
ᩴ ᨾᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᩣ
[aa āā  ēē ]
• • • • [ēē ] • [ēē aa aa ]
• • • [ā  aa ] • • • [ ēē  aa]
• • • [ēē  aa ]
• • • [ aa  ii ā] • • • •
ᨷᨬᩮᨲ ᦀᩣᩈᩮᨶ ᨶᩈᩥ ᨴᩦ ᩥ ᦀᨳ ᩮᦃᩣ ᩮᩅᩁᩮᨬᩣ ᨻᩣᩉᩮᨱᩣ ᩮᨿᨶ ᨽᦅᩅᩤ ᩮᨲᨶᨷᩈᩈᩴᦂᦂᨾᩥ

ᩴ ᨾᩥ
[aa aa ēē]• • [āā  ēē] • • [  ] • • [] [ōō] [ēē aa ōō] • • [ā  ōō] • • [ēē ] • [ āā] • [ēē  aa ]
• • •
ᩏᨷᩈ
ᩴ ᨾᨲᨲ
ᦀᨽᩥᩅᩅᩤᩥ ᩤᩮᨴᨲᩣ ᪅ᦂᨾᨶᩴ ᨶᩈᩥ ᨴᩦ ᩥ ᪅ᦂᨾᨶᩴ ᨶᩈᩥ ᨶᩥᨶᩴ ᩮᦃᩣ
[ aa  ii ā]
• • • • [ aa aa] • • [ āā ēē ā] • • • [ēē  aa aa]
• • • [  ] • • [ēē  aa aa]
• • • [ ii aa]
• • [ōō]
ᩮᩅᩁᨬᩴ ᨻᩣᩉᨱᩴ ᨽᦅᩅᩤ ᪅ᨲᨴᩮᩅᩤᨧ ᨶᨾᩥᨾᨶᨶᩥᨲᨾ ᨲᨿᩣ ᨻᩣᩉᨱ ᩅᩔ

ᩅᩔᩴᩅᩅᩴ ᨭᩣ
[ēē aa aa]
• • [ā  aa] • • [ āā] • [ēē  ōō ]
• • • [ aa  aa ]
• • • • [ āā] • [ā ] • [aa aa u
u āā]
• • •
ᦀᨷᩮᩃᩣᩮᦂᨾ ᨲᩴ ᦀᩥᨧᩣᨾ ᨾᨿ
ᨾᨿᩴᩴ ᨩᨶᨷᨴᨧᩣᩁ
ᩥ ᩴ ᨷᦂᨾᨲ
ᩥᨲᨶᩥ ᩈᨧᩴ ᩮᨽᩣ ᩮᦅᩤᨲᨾ
[ ōō ēē ]
• • • [aa] [ii āā ] • • [ aa] • [ āā  aa] • • • [aa  u
u ] • • • [aa aa] • [ōō] [ōō ] •
ᨶᨾᩥᨾᨶᨶᩥᨲᨲ ᨾᨿᩣ ᩅᩔ
ᩅᩔᩴᩅᩅᩴ ᨭᩣ ᦀᨷᩥᩥ ᨧ ᩮᨿᩣ ᩮᨴᨿᨵᩮᨾᩣ
ᦀᨷ ᩮᩈᩣ ᨶ ᨴᩮᩥᩮ ᨲᨬ
[ aa  aa ]
• • • • [ āā] • [aa aa u
u āā] • • • [] [] [ōō] [  aa ōō] • • • [ōō] [] [ii ōō] • [aa ] •
ᩮᦃᩣ ᩮ ᦀᩈᨶᩴ ᩮᨷ

ᩮᨷᩥᩥ ᦀᨴᩤᨲᦂᨾᨲᩣ ᨲᩴ ᦂᩮᨲᨲ ᩃᨻᩣ ᨻᩉᦂᩥᨧᩣ ᨥᩁᩣᩅᩤᩈᩣ
[ōō] [ōō] [ aa aa]
• • [ōō ] • [ āā  aa  āā]
• • • • • [aa] [  ] • • [aa āā] • [ ii āā] • • [ āā āā āā] • • •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
14
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
ᨻᩉᦂᩁᨱ
ᩁᨱᩦᨿᨿᩣ
ᩦ ᩣ ᦀᨵ
ᦀᨵᩥᩅᩅᩤᩥ ᩤᩮᩈᨲ ᩮᨾ ᨽᩅ
ᨽᩅᩴᩴ ᩮᦅᩤᨲᩮᨾᩣ ᩈᩣᨲᨿ ᨽᨲᩴ ᩈᨴ
[  āā] [ āā ēē ] [ēē] [ aa] [ōō  ōō] [ā  āā ] [aa aa] [aa ii]
ᦂ [k]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •
ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩᩈᩮᩴᩮᨥᨲᩥ
ᨥᨲᩥ ᦀᨵ
ᩈᩈᩥᩥ ᨽᦅᩅᩤ ᨲᨱᩦᨽᩣᩮᩅᨶ ᦀᨳ ᩮᦃᩣ ᨽᦅᩅᩤ ᩮᩅᩁᨬᩴ ᦃ [kʰ]
[ii  aa ēē āā ]
• • • • • [ āā ēē ] • • • [ āā] • u  āā ēē ]
[u • • • • [] [ōō] [ āā] • [ēē aa aa]
• •
ᦅ [g]
ᨻᩣᩉᨱᩴ ᨵᨾᩥᨿᩣ ᦂᨳᩣᨿ ᩈᨶᩮᩔᨲᩣ ᩈᨾᩣᨴᩮᨷᨲᩣ ᩈᨾᩮᨲᩮᨩᨲᩣ ᩈᨾᩉᩮᩴᩮᩈᨲ
ᩈᨲᩣ
[ā  aa]
• • [aa  āā] • • [ āā ] • • [aa aa ēē ā]
• • • [ āā  ēē ā]
• • • • u ēē ēē ā]
[ u • • • • [aa  aa ēē ā]
• • • • ᨥ [gʰ]
ᩏᨭᩣᨿᩣᩈ ᨷᦂᩣᨾᨾᩥᩥ ᨦ [ṅ]

u āā āā  āā]
[u • • • • [aa āā ] • •
ᨧ [c]
1 -37 ᦀᨳ ᩮᦃᩣ ᩮᩅᩁᩮᨬᩣ ᨻᩣᩉᩮᨱᩣ ᨲᩔᩣ ᩁᨲᩥᨿᩣ ᦀᨧᩮᨿᨶ ᩈᩮᦂ ᦉ [cʰ]

[] [ōō] [ēē aa ōō] • • [ā  ōō] • • [aa āā] • [aa  āā] • • [aa  ēē ]
• • • [ ēē] •
ᨩ [j]
ᨶᩮᩥᩮᩅᩈᩮᨶ
ᩅᩈᩮᨶ ᨷᨱ
ᨷᨱᩦᨲᩦ ᩴ ᦃᩣᨴᨶ
ᦃᩣᨴᨶᩦᨿᩦ ᩴ ᩮᨽᩣᨩᨶ
ᩮᨽᩣᨩᨶᩦᨿᩦ ᩴ ᨷᨭ
ᨷᨭᩥᨿᨿᩣᨴᩤ
ᩥ ᩣᨴᩤᩮᨷᨲᩣ ᨽᦅᩅᩮᨲᩣ ᦂᩣᩃ
ᦂᩣᩃᩴᩴ ᦀᩣᩮᩁᩣᨧᩣᩮᨷᩈ
ᦀᩣᩮᩁᩣᨧᩣᩮᨷᩈᩥᩥ
[ ēē  ēē]
• • • [  aa] • • [āā   aa]• • • [ōō   aa]
• • • [ āā āā ēē ā] • • • • [ ōō] • [āā aa] • [āā ōō āā ēē ]
• • • • ᨫ [jʰ]
ᦂᩣᩮᩃᩣ ᩮᨽᩣ ᩮᦅᩤᨲᨾ ᨶᨭᩥᨭᩥᨲᩴ ᨽᨲᨶᩥ ᨬ [ñ]

[āā ōō]
• [ōō] [ōō ] • [ii  aa] • • [aa aa ] • •
ᨭ [ṭ]
1 -38 ᦀᨳ ᩮᦃᩣ ᨽᦅᩅᩤ ᨷᨻᨱ

ᨾᨿᩴᩴ ᨶᩅᩥᩅᩤᩤᩮᩈᨲᩣ ᨷᨲᨧᩅᩦᩅᩁᨾᩣᨴᩤ
ᩁᨾᩣᨴᩤᨿ ᨮ [ṭʰ]
[] [ōō] [ āā] • u aa  aa]
[u • • • [ āā ēē ā]
• • • [aa    āā āā ]
• • • • • •
ᨯ [ḍ]
ᩮᨿᨶ ᩮᩅᩁᨬᩔ ᨻᩣᩉᨱᩔ ᨶᩮᩥᩮᩅᩈᨶᩴ
ᩴ ᨾᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᩣ ᨷᨬᩮᨲ
[ēē ]
• [ēē aa aa ]
• • • [ā  aa ] • • • [ ēē  aa]
• • • [ēē  aa ]
• • • [ aa  ii ā] • • • • [aa aa ēē] • • ᨰ [ḍʰ]
ᦀᩣᩈᩮᨶ ᨶᩈᩥ ᨴᩦ ᩥ ᩈᨴ ᨽᦂ

ᨥᨶ ᦀᨳ ᩮᦃᩣ ᩮᩅᩁᩮᨬᩣ ᨻᩣᩉᩮᨱᩣ ᨻᨴᨷᨾᦃᩴ ᨱ [ṇ]
[āā  ēē] [  ] [aa ii] [ii  aa ēē ] [] [ōō] [ēē aa ōō] [ā  ōō] u aa  aa]
[u
ᨲ [t]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
ᨽᦂ
ᩴ ᩴ ᨷᨱ
ᨷᨱᩦᩮᩮᨲᨶ
ᩦ ᨲᨶ ᦃᩣᨴᨶ
ᦃᩣᨴᨶᩦᩮᩮᨿᨶ
ᩦ ᨿᨶ ᩮᨽᩣᨩᨶ
ᩮᨽᩣᨩᨶᩦᩮᩮᨿᨶ
ᩦ ᨿᨶ ᩈᩉᨲᩣ ᩈᨶᩮᨷᨲᩣ ᩈᨾᩅᩤᩮᩁᨲᩣ ᨳ [tʰ]
[ii  aa aa]
• • • [  ēē ] • • • [āā   ēē ] • • • • [ōō   ēē ]
• • • • [ aa āā] • • [aa aa ēē ā]
• • • [aa  āā ēē ā]
• • • •
ᨴ [d]
ᨽᦅᩅᨶᩴ ᨽᨲᩣᩅ ᩮᦀᩣᨶ
ᩮᦀᩣᨶᩦᨲᨲᨷᨲ
ᩦ ᨷᨲᨷᩤᨱ ᨲᨧᩥ ᩅᩦᩅᩮᩁᨶ
ᩮᩁᨶ ᦀᨧᩣᩮᨴᩈ
ᩮᨴᩈᩥᩥ ᪅ᦂᩮᨾᦂᨬ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩᩴ
[ aa aa] • • u āā ii]
[u • • [ōō   aa  āā ii]
• • • • • • [   ēē ]
• • • • [aa āā ēē ]• • • [ēē  ēē aa ]
• • • • [ii u
u] • ᨵ [dʰ]
᪅ᦂᩮᨾᩮᦂᨶ ᨴᩔᨿᩮᦅᨶ ᦀᨧᩣᩮᨴᩈ

ᩮᨴᩈᩥᩥ ᦀᨳ ᩮᦃᩣ ᨽᦅᩅᩤ ᩮᩅᩁᨬᩴ ᨻᩣᩉᨱᩴ ᨵᨾᩥᨿᩣ ᨶ [n]
[ēē  ēē ēē ]
• • • • u  ēē ]
[u • • • [aa āā ēē ]• • • [] [ōō] [ āā] • [ēē aa aa] • • [ā  aa] • • [aa  āā] • •
ᨷ [p]
ᦂᨳᩣᨿ ᩈᨶᩮᩔᨲᩣ ᩈᨾᩣᨴᩮᨷᨲᩣ ᩈᨾᩮᨲᩮᨩᨲᩣ ᩈᨾᩉᩮᩴᩮᩈᨲ

ᩈᨲᩣ ᩏᨭᩣᨿᩣᩈ ᨷᦂᩣᨾᨾᩥᩥ ᨹ [pʰ]
[ āā ]
• • [aa aa ēē ā]• • • [ āā  ēē ā]
• • • • u ēē ēē ā]
[ u • • • • [aa  aa ēē ā] • • • • u āā āā  āā]
[u • • • • [aa āā ] • •
ᨻ [b]
1 -39 ᦀᨳ ᩮᦃᩣ ᨽᦅᩅᩤ ᩮᩅᩁᨬᩣᨿᨿᩴᩴ ᨿᨳᩣᨽ
ᨿᨳᩣᨽᩥᩁᩁᨶ
ᩥ ᨶᩴ ᩅᩉ
ᩥᩉᩁᩥᩁᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᩣ ᦀᨶᨷᦅᨾ
[] [ōō] [ āā] • [ēē aa āā aa] • • • [ āā  aa aa]
• • • • [ ii ā] • • [ aa ] • • ᨽ [bʰ]
ᩮᩈᩣᩮᩁᨿᩴ ᩈᦂ
ᩴᦂᩔᩴ
ᩔᩴ ᦂᨱᦂᨩᩴ ᩮᨿᨶ ᨷᨿᩣᦅᨷᨲ
ᨷᨿᩣᦅᨷᨲᩥᨭᨭᩥ ᩣᨶᨶᩴᩴ ᩮᨲᨶᨷᩈᩈᩴᦂᦂᨾᩥ
ᩴ ᨾᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᩣ ᨾ [m]
[ōō  aa]
• • [aa aa aa] • • [aa  u
u aa]
• • • [ēē ] • [ āā  ii āā aa]
• • • • • [ēē  aa ]
• • • [ aa  ii ā]
• • • •
ᨿ [y]
ᨷᨿᩣᦅᨷᨲ
ᨷᨿᩣᦅᨷᨲᩥᨭᨭᩥ ᩣᩮᨶ ᦅᩴᦅᩴ ᨶᨴ ᩏᨲᩁᨲ
ᩥᨲᩣ ᩮᨿᨶ ᨻᩣᩁᩣᨱᩈ
ᨻᩣᩁᩣᨱᩈᩦᩦ ᨲᨴᩅᩈᩁ
ᨲᨴᩅᩈᩁᩥᩥ ᦀᨳ ᩮᦃᩣ ᨽᦅᩅᩤ ᩁ [r]
[ āā  ii āā ēē]
• • • • • [aa aa] • [ ii] • u  ii ā]
[u • • • [ēē ] • [āā āā  ]
• • • [] [] [ōō] [ āā] •
ᩃ [l]
ᨻᩣᩁᩣᨱᩈ
ᨻᩣᩁᩣᨱᩈᩥᨿᩥ ᩴ ᨿᨳᩣᨽ
ᨿᨳᩣᨽᩥᩁᩁᨶ
ᩥ ᨶᩴ ᩅᩉ
ᩥᩉᩁᩥᩁᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᩣ ᩮᨿᨶ ᩮᩅᩈᩣᩃ
ᩮᩅᩈᩣᩃᩦᩦ ᩮᨲᨶ ᨧᩣᩁ
ᨧᩣᩁᩥᦂᦂᩴ
ᩥ ᩴ ᨷᦂᩣᨾᨾᩥᩥ
[āā āā  aa]
• • • [ āā  aa aa]
• • • • [ ii ā] • • [ēē ] • [ēē āā ] • • [ēē ] • [āā  aa] • • [aa āā ] • • ᩅ [v]
ᦀᨶᨷᩮᨻᨻᩛᨶᩛ ᨧᩣᩁ
ᨧᩣᩁᩥᦂᦂᩴ
ᩥ ᩴ ᨧᩁᨾᩣᩮ ᩮᨿᨶ ᩮᩅᩈᩣᩃ
ᩮᩅᩈᩣᩃᩦᩦ ᨲᨴᩅᩈᩁ
ᨲᨴᩅᩈᩁᩥᩥ ᨲᨲ ᩈᨴᩴ ᨽᦅᩅᩤ ᩈ [s]
u ēē ]
[ u • • • [āā  aa] • • [ āā ōō] • • [ēē ] • [ēē āā ]• • [] [aa ] • [ aa] • [ āā] •
ᩉ [h]
ᩮᩅᩈᩣᩃ
ᩮᩅᩈᩣᩃᩥᨿᩥ ᩴ ᩅᩉ
ᩥᩉᩁᨲᩥ
ᩁᨲᩥ ᨾᩉᩣᩅᩮᨶ ᦂᨭᩣᦅᩤᩁᩈᩣᩃᩣᨿᨶᩥ ᩊ [ḷ]
[ēē āā  aa]
• • • [] [ āā  ēē] • • • ū āā āā  āā āā aa ]
[ū • • • • • • •
ᦀᩴ [ŋ̊]
1 -40 ᩮᩅᩁᨬᨽᩣᨱᩅᩤᩮᩁᩣ ᨶᨭᩥᨭᩥᩮᨲᩣ
[ēē aa  āā  āā ōō]
• • • • • • [ii  ōō] • •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
15
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
( 1 -1.1
1.1))
ᨷᩤᩁᩣᨩ
ᩣᨩᩥᦂᦂᦂᨱ
ᩥ ᦂᨱ ( 1 -1.1
1.1))
# #
[āā • āā •  • aa • ]
( 1 -1.1.1
1.1.1))
ᨷᨮᨾᨷᩤᩁᩣᨩ
ᩣᨩᩥᦂᦂᩈᩥ
ᩥ ᩈᦂᦂ
ᩥ ᩣᨷᨴ ( 1 -1.1.1
1.1.1))
# #
[ āā āā  ii āā ] • • • • • •
( 1 -1.1.1.1
1.1.1.1))
ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶᨽᩣᨱᩅᩤᩁ ( 1 -1.1.1.1
1.1.1.1))
# #
[ • ii •  • āā •  • āā • ]
1 -41 ᩮᨲᨶ ᩮᦃᩣ ᨷᨶ ᩈᨾᩮᨿᨶ ᩮᩅᩈᩣᩃ

ᩮᩅᩈᩣᩃᩥᨿᨿᩣ
ᩥ ᩣ ᦀᩅ
ᦀᩅᩥᨴᨴᩥ ᩮᩁ ᦂᩃᨶᦅᩤᩮᨾᩣ ᨾ
[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [ēē āā  āā]
• • • ū ēē]
[ ū • • [ aa  āā ōō]
• • • • [āā ] •
ᦀᨲᩥ ᨲᨲ ᩈᨴᩮᩥᩮ ᨾ ᦂᩃᨶᨷᩮᨲᩣ ᩮᩈᨭᩥᨷᩮᨲᩣ ᩮᩉᩣᨲ

ᩮᩉᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᦀᨳ ᩮᦃᩣ ᩈᨴᩮᩥᩮ
[aa ]
• [aa ] • [ ii ōō]• • [āā ] • [ aa  u
•u ōō] • • • u ōō]
[  u
• • • [ōō ] • [] [ōō] [ ii ōō]
• •
ᦂᩃᨶᨷᩮᨲᩣ ᩈᨾ
ᩈᨾᩛᩉ
ᩛ ᩮᩃᩉ
ᩉ ᩃᩉᩥᩥ ᩈᩉᩣᨿᩮᦂᩉ
ᩈᩉᩣᨿᩮᦂᩉᩥᩥ ᩈᨴ ᩮᩅᩈᩣᩃ ᦀᦅᨾᩣᩈ
ᦀᦅᨾᩣᩈᩥᩥ ᩮᦂᨶᨧ
ᩮᦂᨶᨧᩥᩮᩮᨴᩅ
ᩥ ᨴᩅ ᦂᩁᨱ
ᦂᩁᨱᩦᩮᩮᨿᨶ
ᩦ ᨿᨶ
[ aa  u
• u ōō] • • • [aa  ēē ]• • • [ āā  ēē ]
• • • • [aa ii] • [ēē āā ii] • • [ āā ] • • [ēē  ēē ]
• • • [  ēē ] • • •
ᩮᨲᨶ ᩮᦃᩣ ᨷᨶ ᩈᨾᩮᨿᨶ ᨽᦅᩅᩤ ᨾᩉᨲ

ᨾᩉᨲᩥᨿᨿᩣ
ᩥ ᩣ ᨷᩁ
ᨷᩁᩥᩈᩈᩣᨿ
ᩥ ᩣᨿ ᨷᩁ
ᨷᩁᩥᩅᩅᩥ ᩮᨲᩣ ᨵᨾᩴ ᩮᨴᩮᩈᩮ
[ēē ]
• [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [ āā] • [ āā] • [ āā ] • • [ ōō] • [aa aa] • [ēē  ōō]
• •
ᨶᩈᩥ ᩮᩥᩮ ᩮᩉᩣᨲ

ᩮᩉᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᦀᨴᩈ ᩮᦃᩣ ᩈᨴᩮᩥᩮ ᦂᩃᨶᨷᩮᨲᩣ ᨽᦅᩅᨶᩴ ᨾᩉᨲ
ᨾᩉᨲᩥᨿᨿᩣ
ᩥ ᩣ ᨷᩁ
ᩥ ᩣᨿ
[ ii ōō]
• • [ōō ]• [aa ] • [ōō] [ ii ōō]
• • [ aa  u
u ōō]
• • • • [ aa aa] • • [ āā] • [ āā ] • •
ᨷᩁ
ᨷᩁᩥᩅᩅᩥ ᨲᩴ ᨵᨾᩴ ᩮᨴᩮᩈᨶᩴ ᨶᩈᩥ ᨶᩥᨶᩴ ᨴᩈᩥᩈᩣᨶᩔ ᪅ᨲᨴᩮᩉᩣᩈ
᪅ᨲᨴᩮᩉᩣᩈᩥᩥ ᨿᨶᩪᩉᨾᩥ ᨵᨾᩴ
[ aa] • [aa aa] • [ēē  aa]
• • [ ii aa]
• • [ii ā aa ]
• • • [ēē  ōō ]
• • • [aa ū
ū āā aa ]
• • • • [aa aa] •
ᩈᩮᨱᨿᨶᩥ ᦀᨳ ᩮᦃᩣ ᩈᨴᩮᩥᩮ ᦂᩃᨶᨷᩮᨲᩣ ᩮᨿᨶ ᩈᩣ ᨷᩁ

ᨷᩁᩥᩈᩈᩣ
ᩥ ᩣ ᩮᨲᨶᨷᩈᩈᩴᦂᦂᨾᩥ
ᩴ ᨾᩥ
[  aa ]
• • • [] [ōō] [ ii ōō]
• • [ aa  u
u ōō]
• • • • [ēē ] • [āā] [ āā] • [ēē  aa ]
• • •
ᩏᨷᩈ
ᩴ ᨾᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᩣ ᪅ᦂᨾᨶᩴ ᨶᩈᩥ ᨴᩦ ᩥ ᪅ᦂᨾᨶᩴ ᨶᩈᩥ ᨶᩥᨶᩔ ᩮᦃᩣ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶᩔ
[ aa  ii ā]
• • • • [ēē  aa aa]
• • • [  ]
• • [ēē  aa aa]
• • • [ ii aa ]
• • • [ōō] [ ii aa ]
• • •
ᦂᩃᨶᨷᨲᩔ ᪅ᨲᨴᩮᩉᩣᩈ
᪅ᨲᨴᩮᩉᩣᩈᩥᩥ ᨿᨳᩣ ᨿᨳᩣ ᩮᦃᩣ ᦀᩉ
ᦀᩉᩴᩴ ᨽᦅᩅᨲᩣ ᨵᨾᩴ ᩮᨴᩈ
ᩮᨴᩈᩥᨲᩥ ᩴ ᦀᩣᨩᩣᨾ
ᦀᩣᨩᩣᨾᩥᩥ
[ aa  u
• u aa ] • • • • [ēē  ōō ]
• • • [ āā] • [ āā]
• [ōō] [ aa]• [ āā] • [aa aa] • [ēē  aa]
• • [āā āā āā ]
• • •
ᨶᨿ
ᨶᨿᩥᨴᩥ ᩴ ᩈᦂᩁᩁᩴᩴ ᦀᦅᩤᩁᩴ ᦀᨩᩣᩅᩈᨲᩣ ᪅ᦂᨶᨷᩁᩁᩥᨷᨷᩥ ᨱᩴ ᪅ᦂᨶᨷᩁᩁᩥᩈᩈᩥ ᨴᩴ ᩈᦃᩴᦃᩃᩥ
ᩃᦃᦃᩥᩥ ᩥᨲᩴ
[ aa] • [ aa] • [ āā aa]• • [aa āā  āā]
• • • [ēē aa  u
• u aa] • • • [ēē aa  u
• u aa]
• • • [aa  aa]
• •
ᨻᩉᨧᩁᩁᩥᨿᩥ ᩴ ᨧᩁ
ᨧᩁᩥᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᩴ ᨿᨶᩪᩉ
ᩉᩴᩴ ᩮᦂᩈᨾᩔᩴ ᩮᦀᩣᩉᩣᩮᩁᨲᩣ ᦂᩣᩈᩣᨿᩣᨶ
ᦂᩣᩈᩣᨿᩣᨶᩥᩥ ᩅᨲᩣᨶᨶᩥᩥ ᦀᨧᩣᩮᨴᨲᩣ
[ aa] • u]
[ u • [aa ū
ū āā aa] • • • [ēē  aa u
• u] • • [ōō āā ēē ā]
• • • [āā āā āā ]
• • • [aa āā ]
• • [aa āā ēē ā]
• • •
ᦀᦅᩤᩁᩈᩣ ᦀᨶᦅᩤᩁᨿ
ᩥ ᩴ ᨷᨻ
ᨷᨻᩛᩮᩮᨩᨿ
ᩛ ᨩᨿᨶᩥ ᦀᨳ ᩮᦃᩣ ᩈᩣ ᨷᩁ
ᨷᩁᩥᩈᩈᩣ
ᩥ ᩣ ᨽᦅᩅᨲᩣ ᨵᨾᩥᨿᩣ ᦂᨳᩣᨿ
[ āā aa ā]
• • • [ āā  aa]• • • [aa   aa ]
• • • • [] [ōō] [āā] [ āā] • [ āā] • [aa  āā] • • [ āā ] • •
ᩈᨶᩔᨲ
ᩥᨲᩣᩣ ᩈᨾᩣᨴᨷ
ᩈᨾᩣᨴᨷᩥᨲᨲᩣ
ᩥ ᩣ ᩈᨾᩮᨲᨩᨲ
ᩥᨲᩣᩣ ᩈᨾᩉᩈᩴ ᨲ
ᩥᨲᩣᩣ ᩏᨭᩣᨿᩣᩈ ᨽᦅᩅᨶᩴ ᦀᨽ
ᦀᨽᩥᩅᩅᩤᩥ ᩤᩮᨴᨲᩣ
[aa aa  āā]
• • • [ āā  āā]
• • • u ēē  āā]
[ u • • • • [aa  aa  āā]• • • • u āā āā  āā]
[u • • • • [ aa aa] • • [ āā ēē ā]
• • •
ᨷᨴᦂᩥᨱᩴ ᦂᨲᩣ ᨷᦂᩣᨾᨾᩥᩥ

[ aa  aa]
• • • [aa ā] • [aa āā ] • •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
16
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
1 -42 ᦀᨳ ᩮᦃᩣ ᩈᨴᩮᩥᩮ ᦂᩃᨶᨷᩮᨲᩣ ᦀᨧ

ᦀᨧᩥᩁᩁᩅ
ᩥ ᩅᨭᩥᨲᩣᨿ ᨷᩁ
ᩥ ᩣᨿ ᩮᨿᨶ
[] [ōō] [ ii ōō] [ aa  u
u ōō] u  āā ]
[ u [ āā ] [ēē ]
ᦂ [k]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •
ᨽᦅᩅᩤ ᩮᨲᨶᨷᩈᩈᩴᦂᦂᨾᩥ
ᩴ ᨾᨲᨲ
ᦀᨽᩥᩅᩅᩤᩥ ᩤᩮᨴᨲᩣ ᪅ᦂᨾᨶᩴ ᨶᩈᩥ ᨴᩦ ᩥ ᦃ [kʰ]
[ āā] • [ēē  aa ]
• • • [ aa  ii ā]
• • • • [ aa aa] • • [ āā ēē ā]
• • • [ēē  aa aa]
• • • [  ] • •
ᦅ [g]
᪅ᦂᨾᨶᩴ ᨶᩈᩥ ᩮᩥᩮ ᩮᦃᩣ ᩈᨴᩮᩥᩮ ᦂᩃᨶᨷᩮᨲᩣ ᨽᦅᩅᨶᩴ ᪅ᨲᨴᩮᩅᩤᨧ ᨿᨳᩣ
[ēē  aa aa]
• • • [ ii ōō]
• • [ōō] [ ii ōō]• • [ aa  u
• u ōō] • • • [ aa aa] • • [ēē  ōō ]
• • • [ āā] • ᨥ [gʰ]
ᨿᨳᩣᩉ
ᨿᨳᩣᩉᩴᩴ ᨽᩮᨶ ᨽᦅᩅᨲᩣ ᨵᨾᩴ ᩮᨴᩈ
ᦀᩣᨩᩣᨾᩥᩥ ᨶᨿ
ᨶᨿᩥᨴᩥ ᩴ ᩈᦂᩁᩁᩴᩴ ᦀᦅᩤᩁᩴ ᨦ [ṅ]
[ āā aa]
• • [aa ēē] • [ āā] • [aa aa] • [ēē  aa]
• • [āā āā āā ]
• • • [ aa] • [ aa] • [ āā aa]• •
ᨧ [c]
ᦀᨩᩣᩅᩈᨲᩣ ᪅ᦂᨶᨷᩁᩁᩥᨷᨷᩥ ᨱᩴ ᪅ᦂᨶᨷᩁᩁᩥᩈᩈᩥ ᨴᩴ ᩈᦃᩴᦃᩃᩥ

ᩃᦃᦃᩥᩥ ᩥᨲᩴ ᨻᩉᨧᩁᩁᩥᨿᩥ ᩴ ᨧᩁ
ᨧᩁᩥᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᩴ ᦉ [cʰ]
[aa āā  āā]
• • • [ēē aa  u
• u aa] • • • [ēē aa  u
• u aa] • • • [aa  aa] • • [ aa] • u]
[ u •
ᨩ [j]
ᦀᩥᨧᩣᨾᩉ
ᨾᩉᩴᩴ ᨽᩮᨶ ᩮᦂᩈᨾᩔᩴ ᩮᦀᩣᩉᩣᩮᩁᨲᩣ ᦂᩣᩈᩣᨿᩣᨶ
ᦂᩣᩈᩣᨿᩣᨶᩥᩥ ᩅᨲᩣᨶᨶᩥᩥ ᦀᨧᩣᩮᨴᨲᩣ ᦀᦅᩤᩁᩈᩣ
[ii āā  aa]
• • • [aa ēē] • [ēē  aa u
• u] • • [ōō āā ēē ā]
• • • [āā āā āā ]• • • [aa āā ] • • [aa āā ēē ā]
• • • [ āā aa ā]
• • • ᨫ [jʰ]
ᦀᨶᦅᩤᩁᨿ
ᩥ ᩴ ᨷᨻ
ᨷᨻᩛᨩᩛ ᨲ
ᩥᨲᩴ ᨷᨻ
ᨷᨻᩛᩣᩣᩮᨩᨲ
ᩛ ᩮᨩᨲ ᨾᩴ ᨽᦅᩅᩤᨲᩥ ᦀᨶᨬᩣᩮᨲᩣᩈ
ᩣᩮᨲᩣᩈᩥᩥ ᨷᨶ ᨲᩴ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶ ᨬ [ñ]
[ āā  aa] • • • [aa  u
u] • • [aa āā ēē ]• • • [aa] [ āā ] • • u āā ōō ]
[ u • • • • [] [a] [ ii ] • •
ᨭ [ṭ]
ᨾᩣᨲᩣᨷ
ᨾᩣᨲᩣᨷᩥᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᩉᩥ ᦀᦅᩤᩁᩈᩣ ᦀᨶᦅᩤᩁᨿ
ᩥ ᩴ ᨷᨻ
ᨷᨻᩛᨩᨩᩛ ᩣᨿᩣᨲ
ᨿᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᨶ ᩮᦃᩣ ᦀᩉ
ᦀᩉᩴᩴ ᨽᩮᨶ ᦀᨶᨬᩣᩮᨲᩣ ᨮ [ṭʰ]
[āā āā  ū
ū ]
• • • • [ āā aa ā]
• • • [ āā  aa] • • • [aa aa āā āā ]
• • • • [] [ōō] [ aa] • [aa ēē] • u āā ōō]
[ u • • •
ᨯ [ḍ]
ᨾᩣᨲᩣᨷ
ᩥ ᩴ ᨷᨻ
ᨿᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᨶ ᩮᦃᩣ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶ ᨲᨳᩣᦅᨲᩣ
[āā āā  ū
ū ]
• • • • [ āā aa ā]
• • • [ āā  aa] • • • [aa aa āā āā ]
• • • • [] [ōō] [ ii ] • • [ āā  āā]
• • •
ᨰ [ḍʰ]
ᦀᨶᨶᨬᩣᨲ
ᩣᨲᩴᩴ ᨾᩣᨲᩣᨷ
ᩥ ᩉᩥ ᨷᨲᩴ ᨷᨻ
ᨷᨻᩛᩣᩣᩮᨩᨶ
ᩛ ᩮᨩᨶᩦᨲᩥ ᩮᩈᩣᩉ
ᩮᩈᩣᩉᩴᩴ ᨽᩮᨶ ᨲᨳᩣ ᦂᩁ
ᦂᩁᩥᩔ
ᩥ ᩣᨾᩥ
ᩔᩣᨾᩥ ᨿᨳᩣ ᨱ [ṇ]
u āā aa]
[ u • • • [āā āā  ū
ū ] • • • • u aa]
[u • [aa āā   ]
• • • • [ōō aa] • [aa ēē] • [ āā] • [ ii āā ]• • • [ āā] •
ᨲ [t]
ᨾᩴ ᨾᩣᨲᩣᨷ
ᨾᩣᨲᩣᨷᩥᨲᨲᩮᩁᩣ
ᩥ ᩮᩁᩣ ᦀᨶᨩᩣᨶ
ᩣᨶᩥᩔ
ᩥ ᨶᩥ
ᩔᨶ ᦀᦅᩤᩁᩈᩣ ᦀᨶᦅᩤᩁᨿ
ᩥ ᩴ ᨷᨻ
ᨿᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᨳ [tʰ]
[aa] [āā āā  ōō] • • • [ āā ii aa ]
• • • • [ āā aa ā]
• • • [ āā  aa] • • • [aa aa āā āā ] • • • •
ᨴ [d]
1 -43 ᦀᨳ ᩮᦃᩣ ᩈᨴᩮᩥᩮ ᦂᩃᨶᨷᩮᨲᩣ ᩮᩅᩈᩣᩃ
ᩮᩅᩈᩣᩃᩥᨿᩥ ᩴ ᨲᩴ ᦂᩁᨱ
ᦂᩁᨱᩦᨿᩦ ᩴ ᨲᩮᩦᩮᩁᨲ
ᩁᨲᩣ
[] [ōō] [ ii ōō] • • [ aa  u
•u ōō] • • • [ēē āā  aa]
• • • [aa] [  aa] • • [ ēē ā] • •
ᨵ [dʰ]
ᩮᨿᨶ ᦂᩃᨶᦅᩤᩮᨾᩣ ᩮᨿᨶ ᨾᩣᨲᩣᨷ

ᩥ ᩮᩁᩣ ᩮᨲᨶᨷᩈᩈᩴᦂᦂᨾᩥ
ᩴ ᨾᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᩣ ᨾᩣᨲᩣᨷ
ᩥ ᩮᩁᩣ ᨶ [n]
[ēē ] • [ aa  āā ōō]• • • • [ēē ] • [āā āā  ōō] • • • [ēē  aa ]
• • • [ aa  ii ā] • • • • [āā āā  ōō] • • •
ᨷ [p]
᪅ᨲᨴᩮᩅᩤᨧ ᦀᨾᨲᩣᨲᩣ ᨿᨳᩣ ᨿᨳᩣᩉ

ᨿᨳᩣᩉᩴᩴ ᨽᦅᩅᨲᩣ ᨵᨾᩴ ᩮᨴᩈ
ᨶᨿᩥᨴᩥ ᩴ ᨹ [pʰ]
[ēē  ōō ]
• • • [aa  āā āā] • • • [ āā] • [ āā aa]• • [ āā] • [aa aa] • [ēē  aa] • • [āā āā āā ]
• • • [ aa] •
ᨻ [b]
ᩈᦂᩁᩁᩴᩴ ᦀᦅᩤᩁᩴ ᦀᨩᩣᩅᩈᨲᩣ ᪅ᦂᨶᨷᩁᩁᩥᨷᨷᩥ ᨱᩴ ᪅ᦂᨶᨷᩁᩁᩥᩈᩈᩥ ᨴᩴ ᩈᦃᩴᦃᩃᩥ
ᩃᦃᦃᩥᩥ ᩥᨲᩴ
[ aa] • [ āā aa]
• • [aa āā  āā]
• • • [ēē aa  u
• u aa] • • • [ēē aa  u
• u aa] • • • [aa  aa] • •
ᨽ [bʰ]
ᨻᩉᨧᩁᩁᩥᨿᩥ ᩴ ᨧᩁ
ᨧᩁᩥᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᩴ ᦀᩥᨧᩣᨾᩉ
ᨾᩉᩴᩴ ᩮᦂᩈᨾᩔᩴ ᩮᦀᩣᩉᩣᩮᩁᨲᩣ ᦂᩣᩈᩣᨿᩣᨶ
ᦂᩣᩈᩣᨿᩣᨶᩥᩥ ᩅᨲᩣᨶᨶᩥᩥ ᨾ [m]
[ aa] • u]
[ u • [ii āā  aa]
• • • [ēē  aa u
•u] • • [ōō āā ēē ā]
• • • [āā āā āā ]• • • [aa āā ] • •
ᨿ [y]
ᦀᨧᩣᩮᨴᨲᩣ ᦀᦅᩤᩁᩈᩣ ᦀᨶᦅᩤᩁᨿ
ᩥ ᩴ ᨷᨻ
ᨷᨻᩛᨩᩛ ᨲ
ᩥᨲᩴ ᦀᨶᨩᩣᨳ ᨾᩴ ᦀᦅᩤᩁᩈᩣ ᦀᨶᦅᩤᩁᨿ
ᩥ ᩴ ᩁ [r]
[aa āā ēē ā]
• • • [ āā aa ā]
• • • [ āā  aa] • • • [aa  u
u] • • [ āā āā ] • • • [aa] [ āā aa ā]
• • • [ āā  aa] • • •
ᩃ [l]
ᨷᨻ
ᨿᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᪅ᩅ
᪅ᩅᩴᩴ ᩅᩮᨲ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶᩔ ᦂᩃᨶᨷᨲᩔ ᨾᩣᨲᩣᨷ
ᩥ ᩮᩁᩣ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶᩴ
[aa aa āā āā ]
• • • • [ēē aa] • u ēē]
[u • [ ii aa ]• • • [ aa  u
•u aa ] • • • • [āā āā  ōō] • • • [ ii aa]
• •
ᩅ [v]
ᦂᩃᨶᨷᨲᩴ ᪅ᨲᨴᩮᩅᩤᨧᩴ ᨲᩴ ᩮᦃᩣᩈ

ᩮᦃᩣᩈᩥᩥ ᨲᩣᨲ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶ ᦀᨾᩣᦂᩴ ᪅ᦂᨷᨲᩮᦂᩣ ᨷᩮᩥᩮᨿᩣ
ᨿᩣ ᩈ [s]
[ aa  u
• u aa] • • • [ēē  ōō u
• u] • • [a] [ōō ] • [āā ] • [ ii ] • • [aa ā aa]
• • [ēē  u
u  ōō]
• • • • [ ōō] •
ᩉ [h]
ᨾᩮᨷᩤ ᩈᩮᦃᨵ
ᦃᨵᩥᩮᩮᨲᩣ
ᩥ ᨲᩣ ᩈᦃᨷᩁ
ᨷᩁᩥᩉ
ᩥ ᩮᨲᩣ
ᩉᩮᨲᩣ ᨶ ᨲᩴ ᨲᩣᨲ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶ ᦂᩥᨬᩥ ᨴᦂᩔ ᨩᩣᩈ
ᨩᩣᩈᩥᩥ ᩊ [ḷ]
[ āā ōō] • • [ ēē  ōō] • • • [ ōō] • [] [a] [āā ] • [ ii ] • • [ii ] • u aa ]
[u • • [āā āā ] • •
ᨾᩁᩮᨱᨶᨷ
ᨾᩁᩮᨱᨶᨷᩥᩥ ᨾᨿ
ᨾᨿᩴᩴ ᩮᨲ ᦀᦂᩣᨾᦂᩣ ᩅᩥ ᨽᩅ
ᨽᩅᩥᩔ
ᩥ ᩣᨾ
ᩔᩣᨾ ᦂ ᨷᨶ ᨾᨿ
ᨾᨿᩴᩴ ᨲᩴ ᨩᩅᩦᩅᨶᨶᩴ ᦀᩴ [ŋ̊]
[ ēē ] • • [ aa] • [ēē] [ āā  āā]
• • • [ āā] • [ ii āā ] • • • [ii] [] [ aa] • [aa] [ aa aa]
• •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
17
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
ᦀᨶᨩᩣᨶ
ᩣᨶᩥᩔ
ᩥ ᩣᨾ
ᩔᩣᨾ ᦀᦅᩤᩁᩈᩣ ᦀᨶᦅᩤᩁᨿ
ᩥ ᩴ ᨷᨻ
ᨿᩣᨲᩥᩥ
[ āā ii āā ]
• • • • [ āā aa ā]
• • • [ āā  aa] • • • [aa aa āā āā ]
• • • •
1 -44 ᨴᨲᨿ
ᩥᨿᨾᨾᩥ ᩮᦃᩣ ᩈᨴᩮᩥᩮ ᦂᩃᨶᨷᩮᨲᩣ ᨾᩣᨲᩣᨷ
ᩥ ᩮᩁᩣ ᪅ᨲᨴᩮᩅᩤᨧ
[ aa ] • • [ōō] [ ii ōō]• • [ aa  u
u ōō]
• • • • [āā āā  ōō]
• • • [ēē  ōō ]
• • •
ᦀᨾᨲᩣᨲᩣ ᨿᨳᩣ ᨿᨳᩣᩉ

ᨶᨿᩥᨴᩥ ᩴ ᩈᦂᩁᩁᩴᩴ ᦀᦅᩤᩁᩴ
[aa  āā āā]
• • • [ āā]
• [ āā aa] • • [ āā] • [aa aa] • [ēē  aa]• • [āā āā āā ]
• • • [ aa] • [ aa] • [ āā aa]
• •

ᨧᩁᩥᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᩴ
[aa āā  āā]
• • • [ēē aa  u
• u aa] • • • [ēē aa  u
• u aa] • • • [aa  aa]
• • [ aa] • u]
[ u •
[ii āā  aa]
• • • [ēē  aa u
• u] • • [ōō āā ēē ā]
• • • [āā āā āā ]
• • • [aa āā ] • • [aa āā ēē ā]
• • • [ āā aa ā]
• • •
ᦀᨶᦅᩤᩁᨿ
ᩥ ᩴ ᨷᨻ
ᨷᨻᩛᨩᩛ ᨲ
ᩥ ᩴ ᨷᨻ
ᨿᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᨴᨲᨿ
ᩥᨿᨾᨾᩥ
[ āā  aa]
• • • [aa  u
u] • • [ āā āā ] • • • [aa] [ āā aa ā]
• • • [ āā  aa] • • • [aa aa āā āā ]
• • • • [ aa ]
• •
ᩮᦃᩣ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶᩔ ᦂᩃᨶᨷᨲᩔ ᨾᩣᨲᩣᨷ

ᩥ ᩮᩁᩣ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶᩴ ᦂᩃᨶᨷᨲᩴ ᪅ᨲᨴᩮᩅᩤᨧᩴ ᨲᩴ
[ōō] [ ii aa ]
• • • [ aa  u
u aa ]
• • • • • [āā āā  ōō]
• • • [ ii aa]
• • [ aa  u
u aa]
• • • • [ēē  ōō u
• u] • • [a]
ᩮᦃᩣᩈ
ᨿᩣ ᨾᩮᨷᩤ ᩈᩮᦃᨵ
ᨷᩁᩥᩉ
ᩥ ᩮᨲᩣ
ᩉᩮᨲᩣ ᨶ
[ōō ]
• [āā ] • [ ii ]• • [aa ā aa]
• • [ēē  u
• u  ōō]• • • [ ōō] • [ āā ōō] • • [ ēē  ōō]
• • • [ ōō] • []
ᨲᩴ ᨲᩣᨲ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶ ᦂᩥᨬᩥ ᨴᦂᩔ ᨩᩣᩈ

ᨩᩣᩈᩥᩥ ᨾᩁᩮᨱᨶᨷ
ᨾᨿᩴᩴ ᩮᨲ ᦀᦂᩣᨾᦂᩣ ᩅᩥ
[a] [āā ] • [ ii ]
• • [ii ] • u aa ]
[u • • [āā āā ] • • [ ēē ] • • [ aa] • [ēē] [ āā  āā]
• • • [ āā]
•
ᨽᩅ
ᨽᩅᩥᩔ
ᩥ ᩣᨾ
ᨾᨿᩴᩴ ᨲᩴ ᨩᩅᩦᩅᨶᨶᩴ ᦀᨶᨩᩣᨶ
ᩣᨶᩥᩔ
ᩥ ᩣᨾ
ᩥ ᩴ
[ ii āā ]
• • • [ii] [] [ aa] • [aa] [ aa aa]
• • [ āā ii āā ] • • • • [ āā aa ā]
• • • [ āā  aa] • • •
ᨷᨻ
ᨿᩣᨲᩥᩥ
[aa aa āā āā ]
• • • •
1 -45 ᨲᨲ
ᨲᨲᩥᨿᨿᨾ
ᩥ ᨾᩥ ᩮᦃᩣ ᩈᨴᩮᩥᩮ ᦂᩃᨶᨷᩮᨲᩣ ᨾᩣᨲᩣᨷ
ᩥ ᩮᩁᩣ ᪅ᨲᨴᩮᩅᩤᨧ
[ aa ] • • [ōō] [ ii ōō]• • [ aa  u
•u ōō] • • • [āā āā  ōō]
• • • [ēē  ōō ]
• • •
ᦀᨾᨲᩣᨲᩣ ᨿᨳᩣ ᨿᨳᩣᩉ

ᨶᨿᩥᨴᩥ ᩴ ᩈᦂᩁᩁᩴᩴ ᦀᦅᩤᩁᩴ
[aa  āā āā]
• • • [ āā]
• [ āā aa] • • [ āā] • [aa aa] • [ēē  aa]• • [āā āā āā ]
• • • [ aa] • [ aa] • [ āā aa]
• •

ᨧᩁᩥᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᩴ
[aa āā  āā]
• • • [ēē aa  u
• u aa] • • • [ēē aa  u
• u aa] • • • [aa  aa]
• • [ aa] • u]
[ u •
[ii āā  aa]
• • • [ēē  aa u
• u] • • [ōō āā ēē ā]
• • • [āā āā āā ]
• • • [aa āā ] • • [aa āā ēē ā]
• • • [ āā aa ā]
• • •
ᦀᨶᦅᩤᩁᨿ
ᩥ ᩴ ᨷᨻ
ᨷᨻᩛᨩᩛ ᨲ
ᩥ ᩴ ᨷᨻ
ᨿᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᨾᩥ
[ āā  aa]
• • • [aa  u
u] • • [ āā āā ] • • • [aa] [ āā aa ā]
• • • [ āā  aa] • • • [aa aa āā āā ]
• • • • [ aa ]
• •
ᩮᦃᩣ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶᩔ ᦂᩃᨶᨷᨲᩔ ᨾᩣᨲᩣᨷ

ᩥ ᩮᩁᩣ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶᩴ ᦂᩃᨶᨷᨲᩴ ᪅ᨲᨴᩮᩅᩤᨧᩴ ᨲᩴ
[ōō] [ ii aa ]
• • • [ aa  u
u aa ]
• • • • • [āā āā  ōō]
• • • [ ii aa]
• • [ aa  u
u aa]
• • • • [ēē  ōō u
• u] • • [a]
ᩮᦃᩣᩈ
ᨷᩁᩥᩉ
ᩥ ᩮᨲᩣ
ᩉᩮᨲᩣ ᨶ
[ōō ]
• [āā ] • [ ii ]• • [aa ā aa]
• • [ēē  u
• u  ōō]• • • [ ōō] • [ āā ōō] • • [ ēē  ōō]
• • • [ ōō] • []
ᨲᩴ ᨲᩣᨲ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶ ᦂᩥᨬᩥ ᨴᦂᩔ ᨩᩣᩈ

ᨾᨿᩴᩴ ᩮᨲ ᦀᦂᩣᨾᦂᩣ ᩅᩥ
[a] [āā ] • [ ii ]
• • [ii ] • u aa ]
[u • • [āā āā ] • • [ ēē ] • • [ aa] • [ēē] [ āā  āā]
• • • [ āā]
•
ᨽᩅ
ᨽᩅᩥᩔ
ᩥ ᩣᨾ
ᩣᨶᩥᩔ
ᩥ ᩣᨾ
ᩥ ᩴ
[ ii āā ]
• • • [ii] [] [ aa] • [aa] [ aa aa]
• • [ āā ii āā ] • • • • [ āā aa ā]
• • • [ āā  aa] • • •
ᨷᨻ
ᨿᩣᨲᩥᩥ
[aa aa āā āā ]
• • • •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
18
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
1 -46 ᦀᨳ ᩮᦃᩣ ᩈᨴᩮᩥᩮ ᦂᩃᨶᨷᩮᨲᩣ ᨶ ᨾᩴ ᨾᩣᨲᩣᨷ

ᩥ ᩮᩁᩣ ᦀᨶᨩᩣᨶᨶᩥ
[] [ōō] [ ii ōō] [ aa  u
u ōō] [] [aa] [āā āā  ōō] [ āā aa ]
ᦂ [k]
• • • • • • • • • • • •
ᩥ ᩴ ᨷᨻ
ᨿᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᨲᩮᨲᩅ ᦀᨶᨶᩁᩉ
ᩉᩥᨲᨲᩣᨿ
ᩥ ᩣᨿ ᨽᨾᨿ
ᩥᨿᩣᩣ ᨶᨷᩥᨷᨩᨩᩥ ᦀᩥᩮᨵᩅ ᦃ [kʰ]
[ āā aa ā]
• • • [ āā  aa]• • • [aa aa āā āā ]
• • • • [aa ēē ] • • [ aa  āā ]
• • • • ū  āā]
[ū • • [ aa ]• • [ ēē ]
• •
ᦅ [g]
ᩮᨾ ᨾᩁᨱ
ᨾᩁᨱᩴᩴ ᨽᩅ
ᨽᩅᩥᩔ
ᩥ ᨲᩥ
ᩔᨲᩥ ᨷᨻ
ᨷᨻᩛᨩᨩᩛ ᩣ ᩅᩤᨲᩥ ᦀᨳ ᩮᦃᩣ ᩈᨴᩮᩥᩮ ᦂᩃᨶᨷᩮᨲᩣ ᪅ᦂᨾᩥ
[ēē] [ aa] • [ ii ] • • [aa aa āā] • • [āā ] • [] [ōō] [ ii ōō] • • [ aa  u
u ōō]
• • • • [ēē aa ]• • ᨥ [gʰ]
ᨽᨲᩴ ᨶ ᨽᨬᩥ ᩮᨴᨷᩥ ᨽᨲᩣᨶᨶᩥᩥ ᨶ ᨽᨬᩥ ᩦ ᨷᩥ ᩥ ᨽᨲᩣᨶᨶᩥᩥ

ᨲᨱ ᨶ ᨽᨬᩥ ᨧᨲᩣᩁᩁᩥᨷᩥ ᩥ ᨦ [ṅ]
[aa aa] • [] u ]
[u • [ē ] • [aa āā ] • • [] u ]
[u • [ ] • [aa āā ] • • [] u ]
[u • [aa āā ] • •
ᨧ [c]
ᨽᨲᩣᨶᨶᩥᩥ ᨶ ᨽᨬᩥ ᨷᨬᨷᩥ ᨽᨲᩣᨶᨶᩥᩥ ᨶ ᨽᨬᩥ ᨫᨷ

ᨫᨷᩥᩥ ᨽᨲᩣᨶᨶᩥᩥ ᨶ ᨽᨬᩥ ᩈᨲᨷᩥ ᦉ [cʰ]
[aa āā ] • • [] u ]
[u • [aa ] • [aa āā ] • • [] u ]
[u • [] [aa āā ] • • [] u ]
[u • [aa ] •
ᨩ [j]
ᨽᨲᩣᨶᨶᩥᩥ ᨶ ᨽᨬᩥ
[aa āā ] • • [] u ]
[u • ᨫ [jʰ]
1 -47 ᦀᨳ ᩮᦃᩣ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶᩔ ᦂᩃᨶᨷᨲᩔ ᨾᩣᨲᩣᨷ

ᩥ ᩮᩁᩣ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶᩴ ᨬ [ñ]
[] [ōō] [ ii aa ]
• • • [ aa  u
u aa ]• • • • • [āā āā  ōō]
• • • [ ii aa] • •
ᨭ [ṭ]
ᦂᩃᨶᨷᨲᩴ ᪅ᨲᨴᩮᩅᩤᨧᩴ ᨲᩴ ᩮᦃᩣᩈ

ᨿᩣ ᨮ [ṭʰ]
[ aa  u
• u aa] • • • [ēē  ōō u
• u] • • [a] [ōō ] • [āā ] • [ ii ] • • [aa ā aa]
• • [ēē  u
u  ōō]
• • • • [ ōō] •
ᨯ [ḍ]
ᨾᩮᨷᩤ ᩈᩮᦃᨵ
ᨷᩁᩥᩉ
ᩥ ᩮᨲᩣ
ᩉᩮᨲᩣ ᨶ ᨲᩴ ᨲᩣᨲ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶ ᦂᩥᨬᩥ ᨴᦂᩔ ᨩᩣᩈ
ᨩᩣᩈᩥᩥ
[ āā ōō]
• • [ ēē  ōō]
• • • [ ōō] • [] [a] [āā ] • [ ii ] • • [ii ] • u aa ]
[u • • [āā āā ] • • ᨰ [ḍʰ]
ᨾᩁᩮᨱᨶᨷ
ᨽᩅᩥᩔ
ᩥ ᩣᨾ
ᨾᨿᩴᩴ ᨲᩴ ᨩᩅᩦᩅᨶᨶᩴ ᨱ [ṇ]
[ ēē ] • • [ aa] • [ēē] [ āā  āā]
• • • [ āā] • [ ii āā ] • • • [ii] [] [ aa] • [aa] [ aa aa]
• •
ᨲ [t]
ᦀᨶᨩᩣᨶ
ᩣᨶᩥᩔ
ᩥ ᩣᨾ
ᩥ ᩴ ᨷᨻ
ᨷᨻᩛᨩᨩᩛ ᩣᨿ ᩏᨭᩮᩉ
ᩉᩥᩥ ᨲᩣᨲ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶ ᨽᨬ ᨧ ᨳ [tʰ]
[ āā ii āā ]
• • • • [ āā aa ā]• • • [ āā  aa] • • • [aa aa āā ] • • • u ēē ]
[u • • [āā ] • [ ii ] • • u ]
[u • []
ᨴ [d]
ᨷᩅᩥ ᨧ ᨷᩁ
ᨷᩁᩥᨧᨧᩣᩮᩁᩉᩥ
ᩥ ᩣᩮᩁᩉᩥ ᨧ ᨽᨬᩮ ᨷᩅᩥᩅᩮ
ᩮ ᨷᩁ
ᨷᩁᩥᨧᨧᩣᩮᩁᩮ
ᩥ ᩣᩮᩁᩮ ᦂᩣᩮᨾ ᨷᩁ
ᨷᩁᩥᨽᨽᩥ ᨬᩮ ᨷᨬᩣᨶ
ᩣᨶᩥᩥ
[] [] [ āā ēē ]• • • [] u aa ōō]
[u • • [ aa ōō]
• • [ āā  ōō] • • • [āā ēē]• u aa ōō]
[ u • • • u āā ]
[u • •
ᨵ [dʰ]
ᦂᩮᩁᩣᩮ ᦀᨽ
ᦀᨽᩥᩁᩁᨾᩔ
ᩥ ᨾᩔ ᨶ ᨲᩴ ᨾᨿ
ᨾᨿᩴᩴ ᦀᨶᨩᩣᨾ ᦀᦅᩤᩁᩈᩣ ᦀᨶᦅᩤᩁᨿ
ᩥ ᩴ ᨷᨻ
ᨿᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᨶ [n]
[  ōō]
• • [ aa ] • • [] [aa] [ aa] • [ āā āā ] • • • [ āā aa ā]
• • • [ āā  aa]• • • [aa aa āā āā ] • • • •
ᨷ [p]
᪅ᩅ
᪅ᩅᩴᩴ ᩅᩮᨲ ᩈᨴᩮᩥᩮ ᦂᩃᨶᨷᩮᨲᩣ ᨲᨱᩦ ᦀᩮᩉᩣᩈ
ᦀᩮᩉᩣᩈᩥᩥ ᨹ [pʰ]
[ēē aa]
• u ēē]
[u • [ ii ōō] • • [ aa  u
u ōō]
• • • • u ]
[u • [ ōō ] • •
ᨻ [b]
1 -48 ᨴᨲᨿ
ᩥᨿᨾᨾᩥ ᩮᦃᩣ ᩮᨷ ᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᨾᩥ ᩮᦃᩣ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶᩔ ᦂᩃᨶᨷᨲᩔ
[ aa ] • • [ōō] [ēē] [ aa ] • • [ōō] [ ii aa ]
• • • [ aa  u
u aa ]
• • • • •
ᨽ [bʰ]
ᨾᩣᨲᩣᨷ
ᩥ ᩮᩁᩣ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶᩴ ᦂᩃᨶᨷᨲᩴ ᪅ᨲᨴᩮᩅᩤᨧᩴ ᨲᩴ ᩮᦃᩣᩈ
ᩮᦃᩣᩈᩥᩥ ᨲᩣᨲ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶ ᦀᨾᩣᦂᩴ ᨾ [m]
[āā āā  ōō]
• • • [ ii aa] • • [ aa  u
•u aa] • • • [ēē  ōō u
• u] • • [a] [ōō ] • [āā ]
• [ ii ] • • [aa ā aa]
• •
ᨿ [y]
᪅ᦂᨷᨲᩮᦂᩣ ᨷᩮᩥᩮᨿᩣ
ᨷᩁᩥᩉ
ᩥ ᩮᨲᩣ
ᩉᩮᨲᩣ ᨶ ᨲᩴ ᨲᩣᨲ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶ ᦂᩥᨬᩥ ᩁ [r]
[ēē  u
• u  ōō]• • • [ ōō] • [ āā ōō] • • [ ēē  ōō] • • • [ ōō] • [] [a] [āā ] • [ ii ] • • [ii ] •
ᩃ [l]
ᨴᦂᩔ ᨩᩣᩈ
ᨽᩅᩥᩔ
ᩥ ᩣᨾ
ᩔᩣᨾ ᦂ ᨷᨶ
u aa ]
[u • • [āā āā ]
• • [ ēē ] • • [ aa] • [ēē] [ āā  āā]
• • • [ āā] • [ ii āā ]• • • [ii] [] ᩅ [v]
ᨾᨿ
ᩣᨶᩥᩔ
ᩥ ᩣᨾ
ᩥ ᩴ ᨷᨻ
ᨷᨻᩛᨩᨩᩛ ᩣᨿ ᩏᨭᩮᩉ
ᩉᩥᩥ ᨲᩣᨲ ᩈ [s]
[ aa] • [aa] [ aa aa]
• • [ āā ii āā ]• • • • [ āā aa ā]
• • • [ āā  aa] • • • [aa aa āā ] • • • u ēē ]
[u • • [āā ] •
ᩉ [h]
ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶ ᨽᨬ ᨧ ᨷᩅᩥ ᨧ ᨷᩁ
ᩥ ᩣᩮᩁᩉᩥ ᨧ ᨽᨬᩮ ᨷᩅᩥᩅᩮ
ᩮ ᨷᩁ
ᩥ ᩣᩮᩁᩮ ᦂᩣᩮᨾ ᩊ [ḷ]
[ ii ]
• • u ]
[u • [] [] [] [ āā ēē ] • • • [] u aa ōō]
[u • • [ aa ōō]
• • [ āā  ōō] • • • [āā ēē] •
ᦀᩴ [ŋ̊]
ᨷᩁ
ᩣᨶᩥᩥ ᦂᩮᩁᩣᩮ ᦀᨽ
ᩥ ᨾᩔ ᨶ ᨲᩴ ᨾᨿ
ᨾᨿᩴᩴ ᦀᨶᨩᩣᨾ ᦀᦅᩤᩁᩈᩣ
u aa ōō]
[ u • • • u āā ]
[u • • [  ōō] • • [ aa ] • • [] [aa] [ aa] • [ āā āā ] • • • [ āā aa ā]
• • •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
19
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
ᦀᨶᦅᩤᩁᨿ
ᩥ ᩴ ᨷᨻ
ᨿᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᨾᩥ ᩮᦃᩣ ᩈᨴᩮᩥᩮ ᦂᩃᨶᨷᩮᨲᩣ ᨲᨱᩦ ᦀᩮᩉᩣᩈ
ᦀᩮᩉᩣᩈᩥᩥ
[ āā  aa]
• • • [aa aa āā āā ]
• • • • [ aa ] • • [ōō] [ ii ōō]
• • [ aa  u
•u ōō] • • • u ]
[u • [ ōō ]
• •
1 -49 ᦀᨳ ᩮᦃᩣ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶᩔ ᦂᩃᨶᨷᨲᩔ ᩈᩉᩣᨿᦂᩣ ᩮᨿᨶ ᩈᨴᩮᩥᩮ

[] [ōō] [ ii aa ]
• • • [ aa  u
u aa ]
• • • • • [ āā  āā] • • • [ēē ] • [ ii ōō] • •
ᦂᩃᨶᨷᩮᨲᩣ ᩮᨲᨶᨷᩈᩈᩴᦂᦂᨾ
ᩴ ᨾᩈ ᩏᨷᩈ
ᩴ ᨾᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᩣ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶᩴ ᦂᩃᨶᨷᨲᩴ ᪅ᨲᨴᩮᩅᩤᨧᩴ
[ aa  u
• u ōō] • • • [ēē  aa  ii ]
• • • • • [ aa  ii ā] • • • • [ ii aa] • • [ aa  u
u aa]
• • • • [ēē  ōō u
• u] • •
ᨲᩴ ᩮᦃᩣᩈ
ᩮᦃᩣᩈᩥᩥ ᩈᨾ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶ ᨾᩣᨲᩣᨷ
ᩥ ᨶᩴ ᪅ᦂᨷᨲᩮᦂᩣ ᨷᩮᩥᩮᨿᩣ
ᩥ ᨲᩣ
[a] [ōō ] • [aa ] • [ ii ] • • [āā āā  ū
ū aa]
• • • • [ēē  u
• u  ōō] • • • [ ōō] • [ āā ōō] • • [ ēē  ōō] • • •
ᩈᦃᨷᩁ
ᨷᩁᩥᩉ
ᩥ ᩮᨲᩣ
ᩉᩮᨲᩣ ᨶ ᨲᩴ ᩈᨾ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶ ᦂᩥᨬᩥ ᨴᦂᩔ ᨩᩣᩈ
ᨾᩁᩮᨱᨶᨷᩥᩥ ᩮᨲ
[ ōō] • [] [a] [aa ] • [ ii ]• • [ii ] • u aa ]
[u • • [āā āā ] • • [ ēē ] • • [ēē]
ᨾᩣᨲᩣᨷ
ᩥ ᩮᩁᩣ ᦀᦂᩣᨾᦂᩣ ᩅᩥ ᨽᩅ
ᨽᩅᩥᩔ
ᩥ ᨶᩥ
ᩔᨶ ᦂ ᨷᨶ ᨲᩴ ᨩᩅᩦᩅᨶᨶᩴ ᦀᨶᨩᩣᨶ
ᩣᨶᩥᩔ
ᩥ ᨶᩥ
ᩔᨶ ᦀᦅᩤᩁᩈᩣ
[āā āā  ōō]
• • • [ āā  āā]
• • • [ āā] • [ ii aa ] • • • [ii] [] [aa] [ aa aa]
• • [ āā ii aa ] • • • • [ āā aa ā]
• • •
ᦀᨶᦅᩤᩁᨿ
ᩥ ᩴ ᨷᨻ
ᨷᨻᩛᨩᨩᩣᨿ
ᩛ ᩣᨿ ᩏᨭᩮᩉ
ᩉᩥᩥ ᩈᨾ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶ ᨽᨬ ᨧ ᨷᩅᩥ ᨧ ᨷᩁ
ᩥ ᩣᩮᩁᩉᩥ ᨧ
[ āā  aa]
• • • [aa  āā ] • • • u ēē ]
[u • • [aa ] • [ ii ] • • u ]
[u • [] [] [] [ āā ēē ] • • • []
ᨽᨬᩮ ᨷᩅᩥᩅᩮ
ᩮ ᨷᩁ
ᩥ ᩣᩮᩁᩮ ᦂᩣᩮᨾ ᨷᩁ
ᩣᨶᩥᩥ ᦂᩮᩁᩣᩮ ᦀᨽ
ᩥ ᨾᩔ ᨶ
u aa ōō]
[u • • [ aa ōō]
• • [ āā  ōō] • • • [āā ēē] • u aa ōō]
[ u • • • u āā ]
[u • • [  ōō] • • [ aa ] • • []
ᨲᩴ ᨾᩣᨲᩣᨷ
ᩥ ᩮᩁᩣ ᦀᨶᨩᩣᨶ
ᩣᨶᩥᩔ
ᩥ ᨶᩥ
ᩔᨶ ᦀᦅᩤᩁᩈᩣ ᦀᨶᦅᩤᩁᨿ
ᩥ ᩴ ᨷᨻ
ᨿᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᪅ᩅ
᪅ᩅᩴᩴ ᩅᩮᨲ ᩈᨴᩮᩥᩮ
[aa] [āā āā  ōō] • • • [ āā ii aa ] • • • • [ āā aa ā]
• • • [ āā  aa] • • • [aa aa āā āā ] • • • • [ēē aa] • u ēē]
[u • [ ii ōō] • •
ᦂᩃᨶᨷᩮᨲᩣ ᨲᨱᩦ ᦀᩮᩉᩣᩈ

ᦀᩮᩉᩣᩈᩥᩥ ᨴᨲᨿ
ᩥ ᨾᩥ ᩮᦃᩣ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶᩔ
[ aa  u
• u ōō] • • • u ]
[u • [ ōō ] • • [ aa ] • • [ōō] [ēē] [ aa ] • • [ōō] [ ii aa ]
• • •
ᦂᩃᨶᨷᨲᩔ ᩈᩉᩣᨿᦂᩣ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶᩴ ᦂᩃᨶᨷᨲᩴ ᪅ᨲᨴᩮᩅᩤᨧᩴ ᨲᩴ ᩮᦃᩣᩈ

ᩮᦃᩣᩈᩥᩥ ᩈᨾ
[ aa  u
• u aa ] • • • • [ āā  āā] • • • [ ii aa] • • [ aa  u
u aa]
• • • • [ēē  ōō u
• u] • • [a] [ōō ] • [aa ] •
ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶ ᩮᨷ ᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᨾᩥ ᩮᦃᩣ ᩈᨴᩮᩥᩮ ᦂᩃᨶᨷᩮᨲᩣ ᨲᨱᩦ ᦀᩮᩉᩣᩈ
[ ii ]
• • [ēē] [ aa ] • • [ōō] [ ii ōō]
• • [ aa  u
u ōō]
• • • • u ]
[u • [ ōō ] • •
1 -50 ᦀᨳ ᩮᦃᩣ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶᩔ ᦂᩃᨶᨷᨲᩔ ᩈᩉᩣᨿᦂᩣ ᩮᨿᨶ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶᩔ

[] [ōō] [ ii aa ]
• • • [ aa  u
u aa ]
• • • • • [ āā  āā] • • • [ēē ] • [ ii aa ] • • •
ᦂᩃᨶᨷᨲᩔ ᨾᩣᨲᩣᨷ
ᩥ ᩮᩁᩣ ᩮᨲᨶᨷᩈᩈᩴᦂᦂᨾ
ᩴ ᨾᩈ ᩏᨷᩈ
ᩴ ᨾᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᩣ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶᩔ
[ aa  u
• u aa ] • • • • [āā āā  ōō] • • • [ēē  aa  ii ]
• • • • • [ aa  ii ā]
• • • • [ ii aa ]
• • •
ᦂᩃᨶᨷᨲᩔ ᨾᩣᨲᩣᨷ
ᩥ ᩮᩁᩣ ᪅ᨲᨴᩮᩅᩤᨧᩴ ᦀᨾᨲᩣᨲᩣ ᪅ᩮᩈᩣ ᩈᨴᩮᩥᩮ ᦀᨶᨶᩁᩉ
ᩉᩥᨲᨲᩣᨿ
ᩥ ᩣᨿ
[ aa  u
• u aa ] • • • • [āā āā  ōō] • • • [ēē  ōō u
• u] • • [aa  āā āā]
• • • [ēē ōō] • [ ii ōō] • • [ aa  āā ]
• • • •
ᨽᨾᨿ
ᩥᨿᩣᩣ ᨶᨷᩥᨷᩮ
ᩮ ᦀᩥᩮᨵᩅ ᩮᨾ ᨾᩁᨱ
ᨾᩁᨱᩴᩴ ᨽᩅ
ᨽᩅᩥᩔ
ᩥ ᨲᩥ
ᩔᨲᩥ ᨷᨻ
ᨷᨻᩛᨩᨩᩛ ᩣ ᩅᩤᨲᩥ ᩈᩮᨧ ᨲᩮᨾ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶᩴ
ū  āā]
[ū • • [ aa ōō]
• • [ ēē ]
• • [ēē] [ aa] • [ ii ]
• • [aa aa āā] • • [āā ] • [ ēē] • u ē]
[u • [ ii aa]
• •
ᨶᨩᩣᨶ
ᩣᨶᩥᩔ
ᩥ ᨳ
ᩔᨳ ᦀᦅᩤᩁᩈᩣ ᦀᨶᦅᩤᩁᨿ
ᩥ ᩴ ᨷᨻ
ᨷᨻᩛᨩᨩᩛ ᩣᨿ ᨲᩮᨲᩅ ᨾᩁᨱ
ᨾᩁᨱᩴᩴ ᦀᩣᦅᨾ
ᦀᩣᦅᨾᩥᩔ
ᩥ ᨲᩥ
ᩔᨲᩥ ᩈᩮᨧ
[āā  āā ii ]
• • • • [ āā aa ā]
• • • [ āā  aa] • • • [aa aa āā ] • • • [aa ēē ] • • [ aa] • [āā  ii ]
• • • [ ēē] •
ᨷᨶ ᨲᩮᨾ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶᩴ ᦀᨶᨩᩣᨶ

ᩣᨶᩥᩔ
ᩥ ᨳ
ᩔᨳ ᦀᦅᩤᩁᩈᩣ ᦀᨶᦅᩤᩁᨿ
ᩥ ᩴ ᨷᨻ
ᨷᨻᩛᨩᨩᩛ ᩣᨿ ᨷᨻ
ᨷᨻᩛᨩᩛ ᨲ
ᩥᨲᨾᨾᩥ ᨶᩴ
[] u ē]
[u • [ ii aa]
• • [ āā ii ] • • • [ āā aa ā]
• • • [ āā  aa] • • • [aa aa āā ] • • • [aa  aa ] • • • [aa]
ᨴᦂᩥᩔᨳ ᩈᩮᨧ ᩈᨴᩮᩥᩮ ᨽ

ᨽᩥᩁᩁᨾᩥ
ᩥ ᨾᩔᩥ ᨲᩥ
ᩔᨲᩥ ᦀᦅᩤᩁᩈᩣ ᦀᨶᦅᩤᩁᨿ
ᩥ ᩴ ᨷᨻ
ᨷᨻᩛᨩᨩᩛ ᩣᨿ ᦂᩣ ᨲᩔ
[aa ii ]
• • [ ēē] • [ ii ōō] • • [āā  ii ]
• • • [ āā aa ā]
• • • [ āā  aa] • • • [aa aa āā ] • • • [āā] [aa ] •
ᦀᨬᩣ ᦅᨲ
ᦅᨲᩥᩥ ᨽᩅ
ᨽᩅᩥᩔ
ᩥ ᨲᩥ
ᩔᨲᩥ ᦀᩥᩮᨵᩅ ᨷᨧᩣᦅᨾ
ᦅᨾᩥᩔ
ᩥ ᨲᩥ
ᩔᨲᩥ ᦀᨶᨩᩣᨳ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶᩴ ᦀᦅᩤᩁᩈᩣ ᦀᨶᦅᩤᩁᨿ
ᩥ ᩴ
[aa āā]
• [] [ ii ]
• • [ ēē ] • • [aa āā  ii ]
• • • • [ āā āā ] • • • [ ii aa] • • [ āā aa ā]
• • • [ āā  aa]• • •
ᨷᨻ
ᨿᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᦀᨶᨩᩣᨾ ᨲᩣᨲᩣ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶᩴ ᦀᦅᩤᩁᩈᩣ ᦀᨶᦅᩤᩁᨿ
ᩥ ᩴ ᨷᨻ
ᨿᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᦀᨳ ᩮᦃᩣ
[aa aa āā āā ]
• • • • [ āā āā ] • • • [āā āā] • [ ii aa] • • [ āā aa ā]
• • • [ āā  aa] • • • [aa aa āā āā ] • • • • [] [ōō]
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
20
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶᩔ ᦂᩃᨶᨷᨲᩔ ᩈᩉᩣᨿᦂᩣ ᩮᨿᨶ ᩈᨴᩮᩥᩮ ᦂᩃᨶᨷᩮᨲᩣ ᩮᨲᨶᨷᩈᩈᩴᦂᦂᨾ

ᩴ ᨾᩈ
[ ii aa ] [ aa  u
u aa ] [ āā  āā] [ēē ] [ ii ōō] [ aa  u
u ōō] [ēē  aa  ii ]
ᦂ [k]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
ᩏᨷᩈ
ᩴ ᨾᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᩣ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶᩴ ᦂᩃᨶᨷᨲᩴ ᪅ᨲᨴᩮᩅᩤᨧᩴ ᩏᨭᩮᩉ
ᩉᩥᩥ ᩈᨾ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶ ᦃ [kʰ]
[ aa  ii ā]
• • • • [ ii aa] • • [ aa  u
u aa]
• • • • [ēē  ōō u
• u] • • u ēē ]
[u • • [aa ] • [ ii ] • •
ᦅ [g]
ᦀᨶᨬᩣᩮᨲᩣᩈ
ᩣᩮᨲᩣᩈᩥᩥ ᨾᩣᨲᩣᨷ
ᩥ ᩴ ᨷᨻ
ᨿᩣᨲᩥᩥ
u āā ōō ]
[ u
• • • • [āā āā  ū
ū ] • • • • [ āā aa ā]
• • • [ āā  aa] • • • [aa aa āā āā ] • • • • ᨥ [gʰ]
1 -51 ᦀᨳ ᩮᦃᩣ ᩈᨴᩮᩥᩮ ᦂᩃᨶᨷᩮᨲᩣ ᦀᨶᨬᩣᩮᨲᩣᨾᩥ ᦂᩥᩁ ᨾᩣᨲᩣᨷ

ᩥ ᩉᩥ ᨦ [ṅ]
[] [ōō] [ ii ōō] [ aa  u

u ōō] u āā ōō ]
[ u [] [āā āā  ū
ū ]
ᨧ
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •
[c]
ᩥ ᩴ ᨷᨻ
ᨿᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᩉᨭ ᩏᨴᩮᦅᩤ ᨷᩤᨱᩥ ᦅᨲᩣᨶᨶᩥᩥ ᨷᩁ
ᨷᩁᩥᨷᨷᩥ ᨬᩮ ᦉ [cʰ]
[ āā aa ā]
• • • [ āā  aa]
• • • [aa aa āā āā ] • • • • [aa ōō] • [ aa ōō]• • [āā  āā] • • [aa āā ] • • u aa ōō]
[ u • • •
ᨩ [j]
ᩅᨭᩣᩈᩈᩥᩥ ᦀᨳ ᩮᦃᩣ ᩈᨴᩮᩥᩮ ᦂᩃᨶᨷᩮᨲᩣ ᦂᨲ
ᦂᨲᩥᨷᨷᩤᩥ ᩤᩉᩴ ᨻᩃ
ᨻᩃᩴᩴ ᦅᩤᩮᩉᨲᩣ ᩮᨿᨶ ᨽᦅᩅᩤ
u āā ]
[u • • [] [ōō] [ ii ōō] • • [ aa  u
u ōō]
• • • • [ āā aa] • • [ aa] • [āā ēē ā] • • [ēē ] • [ āā] • ᨫ [jʰ]
ᩮᨲᨶᨷᩈᩈᩴᦂᦂᨾᩥ
ᩴ ᨾᨲᨲ
ᦀᨽᩥᩅᩅᩤᩥ ᩤᩮᨴᨲᩣ ᪅ᦂᨾᨶᩴ ᨶᩈᩥ ᨴᩦ ᩥ ᪅ᦂᨾᨶᩴ ᨬ [ñ]
[ēē  aa ]
• • • [ aa  ii ā] • • • • [ aa aa] • • [ āā ēē ā] • • • [ēē  aa aa]
• • • [  ] [ēē  aa aa]
• • •
ᨭ
• •
[ṭ]
ᨶᩈᩥ ᩮᩥᩮ ᩮᦃᩣ ᩈᨴᩮᩥᩮ ᦂᩃᨶᨷᩮᨲᩣ ᨽᦅᩅᨶᩴ ᪅ᨲᨴᩮᩅᩤᨧ ᦀᨶᨬᩣᩮᨲᩣ ᦀᩉ

ᦀᩉᩴᩴ ᨽᩮᨶ ᨮ [ṭʰ]
[ ii ōō]
• • [ōō] [ ii ōō] • • [ aa  u
u ōō]
• • • • [ aa aa] • • [ēē  ōō ]
• • • u āā ōō]
[ u • • • [ aa] • [aa ēē] •
ᨯ [ḍ]
ᨾᩣᨲᩣᨷ
ᩥ ᩴ ᨷᨻ
ᨷᨻᩛᨩᨩᩛ ᩣᨿ ᨷᨻ
ᨷᨻᩛᩣᩣᩮᨩᨲ
ᩛ ᩮᨩᨲ ᨾᩴ ᨽᦅᩅᩤᨲᩥ ᦀᩃᨲ ᩮᦃᩣ
[āā āā  ū
ū ]
• • • • [ āā aa ā]
• • • [ āā  aa] • • • [aa aa āā ] • • • [aa āā ēē ] • • • [aa] [ āā ] • • [ aa ]
• • [ōō] ᨰ [ḍʰ]
ᩈᨴᩮᩥᩮ ᦂᩃᨶᨷᩮᨲᩣ ᨽᦅᩅᩮᨲᩣ ᩈᨶᩥᩮᦂ ᨷᨻ

ᨷᨻᩛᨩᨩᩛ ᩴ ᦀᩃᨲ ᩏᨷᩈᨾᨴᩴ ᨱ [ṇ]
[ ii ōō]
• • [ aa  u
• u ōō] • • • [ ōō] • [aa  ēē] • • [aa aa aa] • • [ aa ]
• • [ aa  aa] • • •
ᨲ [t]
ᦀᨧ
ᦀᨧᩥᩁᩁᩥ ᨷᩈᨾᩮ ᨧ ᨷᨿᩈᩣ ᩈᨴᩮᩥᩮ ᪅ᩅᩁᩮᨷ ᨵᨲᦅᩮᨱ ᩈᨾᩣᨴᩤᨿ ᩅᨲᨲᩥ ᨳ [tʰ]
ū  aa aa ōō]
[ ū • • • • • [] [ āā aa ā]• • • [ ii ōō] • • [ēē  ū
ū ēē]
• • • [ ēē] • [ āā āā ] • • • [aa ] •
ᨴ [d]
ᦀᩣᩁᨬᩥᩮᦂᩣ ᩮᩉᩣᨲ
ᩮᩉᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᨷᨱ
ᩥᨱᨷᩤᨲᩮᩥᩮᦂᩣ
ᦂᩣ ᨷᩈᩴᩈᦂᩃᩮᩥᩮᦂᩣ
ᦂᩣ ᩈᨷᨴᩤᨶᨧᩣᩁ
ᨧᩣᩁᩥᩮᩮᦂᩣ
ᩥ ᦂᩣ ᦀᨬᨲᩁ
ᦀᨬᨲᩁᩴᩴ ᩅᨩᩥᦅᩤᨾᩴ
[āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ōō ] • [ii  āā  ōō]• • • • [aa  ū
ū  ōō] • • • • [ āā  āā  ōō] • • • • • [aa  aa] • • [aa  āā aa]
• • •
ᨵ [dʰ]
ᩏᨷᨶ
ᩏᨷᨶᩥᩔ
ᩥ ᩣᨿ
ᩔᩣᨿ ᩅᩉ
ᩥᩉᩁᨲᩥ
ᩁᨲᩥ ᨶ [n]
[ ii āā ] • • • []
ᨷ [p]
1 -52 ᩮᨲᨶ ᩮᦃᩣ ᨷᨶ ᩈᨾᩮᨿᨶ ᩅᨩᩦ ᨴᨻᩥᦂᩣ ᩮᩉᩣᨲ

ᩮᩉᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᨴᩦᩉᨲ
ᩥ ᦂ
ᩥᦂᩣᩣ ᨹ [pʰ]
[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa ] • u ii āā]
[u • • [ōō ] • [  āā] • •
ᨻ [b]
ᩮᩈᨲᨭᩥᦂᩣ ᩈᩃᩣᦂᩣᩅᨲᩣ ᨶ ᩈᦂᩁᩣ ᩏᩮᨬᨶ ᨷᦅᩮᩉᨶ ᨿᩣᩮᨷᨲᩴ ᦀᨳ ᩮᦃᩣ ᦀᩣᨿᩈᩮᨲᩣ
[ēē aa  āā]
• • • [ āā āā u
• u āā] • • • [] [ āā] • u ēē ]
[u • • [aa  ēē ] • • • [āā ēē u
u] • • [] [ōō] [āā aa  ōō]
• • •
ᨽ [bʰ]
ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶᩔ ᪅ᨲᨴᩮᩉᩣᩈ
᪅ᨲᨴᩮᩉᩣᩈᩥᩥ ᪅ᨲᩁᩉ
᪅ᨲᩁᩉᩥᩥ ᩮᦃᩣ ᩅᨩᩦ ᨴᨻᩥᦂᩣ ᨴᩦᩉᨲ
ᩥ ᦂ
ᩥᦂᩣᩣ ᩮᩈᨲᨭᩥᦂᩣ ᩈᩃᩣᦂᩣᩅᨲᩣ ᨾ [m]
[ ii aa ]
• • • [ēē  ōō ]
• • • [ēē ]
• [ōō] [aa ] • u ii āā]
[u • • [  āā] • • [ēē aa  āā]
• • • [ āā āā u
•u āā] • • •
ᨿ [y]
ᨶ ᩈᦂᩁᩣ ᩏᩮᨬᨶ ᨷᦅᩮᩉᨶ ᨿᩣᩮᨷᨲᩴ ᨻᩉ ᩮᦃᩣ ᨷᨶ ᩮᨾ ᩮᩅᩈᩣᩃ
ᩮᩅᩈᩣᩃᩥᨿᩥ ᩴ ᨬᩣᨲ
ᨬᩣᨲᩦᩦ ᦀᨯᩣ ᩁ [r]
[] [ āā] • u ēē ]
[u • • [aa  ēē ] • • • [āā ēē u
u] • • ū]
[ ū • [ōō] [] [ēē] [ēē āā  aa] • • • [āā ] • [aa āā] •
ᩃ [l]
ᨾᩉᨴ ᨾᩉᩣᩮᨽᩣᦅᩤ ᨷᩉᨲᨩᩣᨲᩁᨷᩁᨩᨲᩣ ᨷᩉᨲᩅᩅᩥᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᩪᨷᦂᩁᨱᩣ ᨷᩉᨲᨵᨶᨵᨬᩣ
[ aa  āā]
• • • [ āā ōō āā] • • • ū  āā  ū
[ ū ū  āā]
• • • • • • • ū  ii ū
[ ū ū  āā]
• • • • • • ū  aa āā]
[ ū • • • •
ᩅ [v]
ᨿᨶᩪᩉ
ᩉᩴᩴ ᨬᩣᨲ
ᨬᩣᨲᩦᩦ ᩏᨷᨶ
ᩏᨷᨶᩥᩔ
ᩥ ᩣᨿ
ᩔᩣᨿ ᩅᩉ
ᩥᩉᩮᩁᨿ
ᩮᩁᨿᩴ ᨬᩣᨲ
ᨬᩣᨲᩦᩦ ᨾᩴ ᨶᩔ
ᩥᩔᩣᨿ
ᩣᨿ ᨴᩤᨶᨶᩥᩥ ᨴᩔᨶᩥ ᩈ [s]
[aa ū
ū āā aa]• • • [āā ] • [ ii āā ] • • • [  aa] • • [āā ] • [aa] [ii āā ] • • [āā āā ] • • [aa aa ] • •
ᩉ [h]
ᨷᨬᩣᨶ
ᩣᨶᩥᩥ ᦂᩁ
ᦂᩁᩥᩔ
ᩥ ᨶᩥ
ᩔᨶ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩪ ᨧ ᩃᩣᨽ
ᩃᩣᨽᩴᩴ ᩃᨧᨶᩥ ᦀᩉᨬ ᨷᨱ
ᩥᨱᩮᦂᨶ ᨶ ᦂᩥᩃᨾᨾᩥᩔ
ᩥ ᩣᨾᨲᩦ ᩥ
ᩔᩣᨾᩦ ᩊ [ḷ]
u āā ]
[u • • [ ii aa ]
• • • [ii ū
ū] • [] [āā aa] • [aa aa ] • • [ aa ]
• • [ii  ēē ] • • • [] [ ii āā  ]
• • • •
ᦀᩴ [ŋ̊]
1 -53 ᦀᨳ ᩮᦃᩣ ᦀᩣᨿᩈᩣ ᩈᨴᩮᩥᩮ ᩮᩈᩈᨶ
ᩮᩈᩈᨶᩴᩴ ᩈᩈᩴᩈᩣᩮᨾᨲ
ᩣᩮᨾᨲᩣ
[] [ōō] [āā aa ā]
• • [ ii ōō] • • [ēē āā  aa]
• • • [aa āā ēē ā] • • •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
21
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
ᨷᨲᨧᩅᩦᩅᩁᨾᩣᨴᩤ
ᩁᨾᩣᨴᩤᨿ ᩮᨿᨶ ᩮᩅᩈᩣᩃ
ᩮᩅᩈᩣᩃᩦᩦ ᩮᨲᨶ ᨷᦂᩣᨾᨾᩥᩥ ᦀᨶᨷᩮᨻᨻᩛᨶᩛ ᩮᨿᨶ ᩮᩅᩈᩣᩃ
ᩮᩅᩈᩣᩃᩦᩦ ᨲᨴᩅᩈᩁ
ᨲᨴᩅᩈᩁᩥᩥ
[aa    āā āā ]
• • • • • • [ēē ] • [ēē āā ] • • [ēē ] • [aa āā ] • • u ēē ]
[ u • • • [ēē ] • [ēē āā ] • • []
ᨲᨲ ᩈᨴᩴ ᦀᩣᨿᩈᩣ ᩈᨴᩮᩥᩮ ᩮᩅᩈᩣᩃ

ᩮᩅᩈᩣᩃᩥᨿᩥ ᩴ ᩅᩉ
ᩥᩉᩁᨲᩥ
ᩁᨲᩥ ᨾᩉᩣᩅᩮᨶ ᦂᨭᩣᦅᩤᩁᩈᩣᩃᩣᨿ
ᩈᩣᩃᩣᨿᩴᩴ ᦀᩮᩔᩣᩈᩴ
[aa ]
• [ aa] • [āā aa ā]
• • [ ii ōō] • • [ēē āā  aa]
• • • [] [ āā  ēē] • • • ū āā āā  āā āā aa]
[ū • • • • • • [aa ōō u
u]
• •
ᩮᦃᩣ ᦀᩣᨿᩈᩮᨲᩣ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶᩔ ᨬᩣᨲᦂᩣ ᩈᨴᩮᩥᩮ ᦂᩥᩁ ᦂᩃᨶᨷᩮᨲᩣ ᩮᩅᩈᩣᩃ ᦀᨶᨷᩮᨲᩣᨲᨲᩥᩥ

[ōō] [āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ ii aa ]
• • • [āā  āā] • • [ ii ōō] • • [] [ aa  u
•u ōō] • • • [ēē āā ii]
• • u aa ōō ]
[ u • • • •
ᩮᨲ ᦀᩣᨿᩈᩮᨲᩣ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶᩔ ᩈᨭᩥᨾᩮᨲ ᨳᩣᩃ

ᨳᩣᩃᩥᨷᨷᩤᩥ ᩤᩮᦂ ᨽᨲᩣᨽᨽᩥᩉ
ᩥ ᩣᩁᩴ
ᩉᩣᩁᩴ ᦀᨽ
ᦀᨽᩥᩉ
ᩥ ᩁᩈ
ᩉᩁ ᦀᨳ ᩮᦃᩣ
[ēē] [āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ ii aa ]
• • • [aa  aa ēē] • • • [āā  āā ēē] • • • [aa āā  āā aa] • • • • [ ii ] • • [] [ōō]
ᦀᩣᨿᩈᩣ ᩈᨴᩮᩥᩮ ᩮᨲ ᩈᨭᩥᨾᩮᨲ ᨳᩣᩃ

ᨳᩣᩃᩥᨷᨷᩤᩥ ᩤᩮᦂ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩪᨶᩴ ᩅᩔ
ᩥᩔᩮᨩ
ᩮᨩᨲᩣ ᨷᨻᨱ
ᨾᨿᩴᩴ
[āā aa ā]
• • [ ii ōō]
• • [ēē] [aa  aa ēē] • • • [āā  āā ēē]
• • • [ii ū
ū aa] • • [ii aa ēē ā]• • • u aa  aa]
[u • • •
ᨶᩅᩥᩅᩤᩤᩮᩈᨲᩣ ᨷᨲᨧᩅᩦᩅᩁᨾᩣᨴᩤ
ᩁᨾᩣᨴᩤᨿ ᦂᩃᨶᦅᩤᨾᩴ ᨷᨱ
ᩥᨱᩣᨿ ᨷᩤᩅᩈᩥ ᩥ ᦂᩃᨶᦅᩤᩮᨾ ᩈᨷᨴᩤᨶᩴ
[ āā ēē ā]
• • • [aa    āā āā ]
• • • • • • [ aa  āā aa]
• • • • [ii āā ] • • [āā ] • [ aa  āā ēē]
• • • • [ āā aa] • •
ᨷᨱ
ᩥᨱᩣᨿ ᨧᩁᨾᩣᩮ ᩮᨿᨶ ᩈᦂᨷ ᩥ  ᨶᩮᩥᩮᩅᩈᨶᩴ
ᩈᦂᨷᩥᨲᨲ ᩅᩈᨶᩴ ᩮᨲᨶᨷᩈᩈᩴᦂᦂᨾᩥ
ᩴ ᨾᩥ
[ii āā ] • • [ āā ōō] • • [ēē ] • [] [ ēē  aa]
• • • [ēē  aa ]
• • •
1 -54 ᩮᨲᨶ ᩮᦃᩣ ᨷᨶ ᩈᨾᩮᨿᨶ ᦀᩣᨿᩈᩮᨲᩣ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶᩔ ᨬᩣᨲ

ᨬᩣᨲᩥᨴᨴᩤᩥ ᩤᩈᩦ ᦀᩣᨽ
ᦀᩣᨽᩥᩮᩮᨴᩤ
ᩥ ᨴᩤᩈᦂ
ᩥᦂᩴᩴ
[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ ii aa ] • • • [āā  āā ] • • • [āā  ōō  aa]
• • • •
ᦂᨾᩣᩈᩈᩴᩴ ᨫᩮᨯᨲᦂᩣᨾᩣ ᩮᩉᩣᨲ

ᩮᩉᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᦀᨳ ᩮᦃᩣ ᦀᩣᨿᩈᩣ ᩈᨴᩮᩥᩮ ᨲᩴ ᨬᩣᨲ
ᨬᩣᨲᩥᨴᨴᩤᩥ ᩤᩈ ᪅ᨲᨴᩮᩅᩤᨧ
u āā aa]
[u • • [aa ēē  āā āā] • • • • [ōō ] • [] [ōō] [āā aa ā]
• • [ ii ōō]• • [aa] [āā  āā ii]
• • • [ēē  ōō ]
• • •
ᩈᩮᨧ ᨲᩴ ᨽᦅᩥᨶᩥ ᨫᨯᨶᨿ

ᩦᨿᨵᨾ
ᨵᨾᩴ ᦀᩥᨵ ᩮᨾ ᨷᩮᨲ ᦀᩣᦂᩥᩁᩣᨲ
ᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᦀᨳ ᩮᦃᩣ ᦀᩣᨿᩈᩮᨲᩣ
[ ēē]• [aa] [] [aa    aa aa]
• • • • • [] [ēē] [aa ēē] • [āā  āā ]
• • • [] [ōō] [āā aa  ōō]
• • •
ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶᩔ ᨬᩣᨲ
ᨬᩣᨲᩥᨴᨴᩤᩥ ᩤᩈᩦ ᨲᩴ ᦀᩣᨽ
ᩥ ᨴᩤᩈᦂ
ᩥᦂᩴᩴ ᦂᨾᩣᩈᩈᩴᩴ ᦀᩣᨿᩈᩮᨲᩣ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶᩔ ᨷᩮᨲ ᦀᩣᦂᩥᩁᨶᩦ
[ ii aa ]
• • • [āā  āā ] • • • [aa] [āā  ōō  aa]
• • • • u āā aa]
[u • • [āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ ii aa ]
• • • [aa ēē] • [āā  aa ]
• • •
ᩉᨲᩣᨶᨬ ᨷᩤᨴᩤᨶᨬ ᩈᩁᩔ ᨧ ᨶᨾᩥ ᨲ

ᩥᨲᩴ ᦀᦅᩮᩉᩈ
ᩉᩈᩥᩥ ᦀᨳ ᩮᦃᩣ ᦀᩣᨿᩈᩮᨲᩣ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶᩔ
[aa āā aa ]
• • • [āā āā aa ] • • • [ aa ] • • [] [ ii aa]
• • [aa  ēē ] • • • [] [ōō] [āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ ii aa ]
• • •
ᨬᩣᨲ
ᨬᩣᨲᩥᨴᨴᩤᩥ ᩤᩈᩦ ᩮᨿᨿᩈᩮᨲᩣ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶᩔ ᨾᩣᨲᩣ ᩮᨲᨶᨷᩈᩈᩴᦂᦂᨾᩥ
ᩴ ᨾᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᩣ ᦀᩣᨿᩈᩮᨲᩣ
[āā  āā ]
• • • [ēē āā aa  ōō]
• • • • [ ii aa ] • • • [āā āā] • [ēē  aa ]
• • • [ aa  ii ā] • • • • [āā aa  ōō]
• • •
ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶᩔ ᨾᩣᨲᩁ
ᨾᩣᨲᩁᩴᩴ ᪅ᨲᨴᩮᩅᩤᨧ ᨿᩮᦅᩮᨿ ᨩᩣᩮᨶᨿᩣᩈᩈᩥᩥ ᦀᨿᨷᩮᨲᩣ ᩈᨴᩮᩥᩮ ᦀᨶᨷᩮᨲᩣᨲᨲᩥᩥ
[ ii aa ]
• • • [āā  aa] • • [ēē  ōō ]
• • • [aa  ēē] • • [āā  āā ]
• • • [aa  u
u ōō]• • • [ ii ōō]
• • u aa ōō ]
[ u • • • •
ᩈᩮᨧ ᩮᨩ ᨲᩴ ᩈᨧᩴ ᨽᨱᩈᩥᩥ ᦀᨴᩤᩈ

ᨽᨱᩈ ᨲᩴ ᦂᩮᩁᩣᨾ
ᦂᩮᩁᩣᨾᩦᨲᩦ ᩥ
[ ēē]• [ēē] [a] [aa aa] • [] [ āā ii]
• • [aa] [ ōō  ]
• • •
1 -55 ᩮᨲᨶ ᩮᦃᩣ ᨷᨶ ᩈᨾᩮᨿᨶ ᦀᩣᨿᩈᩣ ᩈᨴᩮᩥᩮ ᨲᩴ ᦀᩣᨽ

ᩥ ᨴᩤᩈᦂ
ᩥᦂᩴᩴ
[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [āā aa ā]
• • [ ii ōō]• • [aa] [āā  ōō  aa]
• • • •
ᦂᨾᩣᩈᩈᩴᩴ ᦀᨬᨲᩁ
ᦀᨬᨲᩁᩴᩴ ᦂᨭᨾᩃᩴ ᨶᩔ
ᩥᩔᩣᨿ
ᩣᨿ ᨷᩁ
ᨷᩁᩥᨽᨽᩥ ᨬᨲᩥ ᨷᨲ
ᩥᨲᩣᨷᩥ
ᩣᨷᩥ ᩮᦃᩣ ᦀᩣᨿᩈᩮᨲᩣ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶᩔ
u āā aa]
[u • • [aa  aa] • • u  ū
[u ū aa] • • • [ii āā ] • • u ]
[ u • • [ āā ] • • [ōō] [āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ ii aa ]
• • •
ᦂᨾ ᦀᩣᦅᨧᩮ ᦀᨴᩈ ᦀᩣᨿᩈᨶᩴ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶᩴ ᨲᩴ ᦀᩣᨽ

ᩥ ᨴᩤᩈᦂ
ᩥᦂᩴᩴ ᦂᨾᩣᩈᩈᩴᩴ
[aa aa āā] • • [āā aa aa ōō]
• • • [aa ] • [āā aa a aa]
• • • [ ii aa]
• • [aa] [āā  ōō  aa]
• • • • u āā aa]
[u • •
ᦀᨬᨲᩁ
ᦀᨬᨲᩁᩴᩴ ᦂᨭᨾᩃᩴ ᨶᩔ
ᩥᩔᩣᨿ
ᩣᨿ ᨷᩁ
ᨷᩁᩥᨽᨽᩥ ᨬᨶᩴ ᨴᩈᩥᩈᩣᨶ ᩮᨿᨿᩈᩣ ᩈᨴᩮᩥᩮ
[aa  aa]
• • u  ū
[u ū aa] • • • [ii āā ] • • u aa aa]
[ u • • • [ii ā ] • • [ēē āā aa ā]
• • • [ ii ōō] • •
ᩴ ᨾᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᩣ ᦀᩣᨿᩈᨶᩴ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶᩴ ᪅ᨲᨴᩮᩅᩤᨧ ᦀᨲᩥ ᨾ ᨲᩣᨲ
[ēē  aa ]
• • • [ aa  ii ā] • • • • [āā aa a aa]
• • • [ ii aa]
• • [ēē  ōō ]
• • • [aa ] • [āā ] • [āā ] •
ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶ ᦀᩣᨽ
ᩥ ᨴᩤᩈᦂ
ᩥᦂᩴᩴ ᦂᨾᩣᩈᩈᩴᩴ ᨷᩁ
ᨷᩁᩥᨽᨽᩥ ᨬᩥᩔᩈᩈᩥᩥ ᨶᨶ ᨾ ᨲᩣᨲ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶ ᩈᦂᩴ ᩮᦅᩉ
ᩮᦅᩉᩴᩴ
[ ii ]
• • [āā  ōō  aa]
• • • • u āā aa]
[u • • u ii ]
[ u • • • [] [āā ] • [āā ] • [ ii ] • • [ aa] • [ēē aa] •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
22
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
ᦅᨶᨻᨶᩛᨶᩥ ᦀᦅᨾ
ᦀᦅᨾᩥᨾᨾᩥ  ᩮᦃᩣ ᩮᨲ ᦅᩉᨷᨲ
ᦅᩉᨷᨲᩥᩥ ᩮᦅᩉ
ᩮᦅᩉᩴᩴ ᨲᨲᩣᨿ
ᨲᨲᩣᨿᩴᩴ ᦀᩣᨽ
ᩥ ᨴᩤᩈᩮᩥᩮᦂᩣ
ᦂᩣ ᦂᨾᩣᩮᩈᩣᨲ
ᩮᩈᩣᨲᩥᩥ
[aa aa aa ] [ ii ] [ōō] [ēē] [] [ēē aa] [ āā aa] [āā  ōō  ōō] u āā ōō ]
[u
ᦂ [k]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
ᦀᨳ ᩮᦃᩣ ᦀᩣᨿᩈᩮᨲᩣ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶᩔ ᨷᨲ

ᩥᨲᩣᩣ ᦀᩣᨿᩈᩮᨲᩣ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶᩔ ᨻᩣᩉᩣᨿ
ᨻᩣᩉᩣᨿᩴᩴ ᦅᩮᩉᨲᩣ ᦃ [kʰ]
[] [ōō] [āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ ii aa ]
• • • [ āā] • [āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ ii aa ]
• • • [āā āā aa] • • [ ēē ā] • •
ᦅ [g]
ᦀᩣᨿᩈᨶᩴ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶᩴ ᪅ᨲᨴᩮᩅᩤᨧ ᪅ᩉ
᪅ᩉᩥᩥ ᨲᩣᨲ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶ ᨥᩁ
ᨥᩁᩴᩴ ᦅᨾ
ᦅᨾᩥᩔ
ᩥ ᩣᨾᩣᨲᩥ
ᩔᩣᨾᩣᨲᩥ ᦀᨳ ᩮᦃᩣ
[āā aa a aa]
• • • [ ii aa] • • [ēē  ōō ]
• • • [ēē ]
• [āā ] • [ ii ] • • [ aa] • [ ii āā āā ]
• • • • [] [ōō] ᨥ [gʰ]
ᦀᩣᨿᩈᩣ ᩈᨴᩮᩥᩮ ᩮᨿᨶ ᩈᦂᨷ ᩥ  ᨶᩮᩥᩮᩅᩈᨶᩴ

ᩴ ᨾᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᩣ ᨷᨬᩮᨲ ᨦ [ṅ]
[āā aa ā]
• • [ ii ōō]• • [ēē ] • [] [ ēē  aa] • • • [ēē  aa ]
• • • [ aa  ii ā]
• • • • [aa aa ēē] • •
ᨧ [c]
ᦀᩣᩈᩮᨶ ᨶᩈᩥ ᨴᩦ ᩥ ᦀᨳ ᩮᦃᩣ ᦀᩣᨿᩈᩮᨲᩣ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶᩔ ᨷᨲ

ᩥᨲᩣᩣ ᦀᩣᨿᩈᨶᩴ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶᩴ ᪅ᨲᨴᩮᩅᩤᨧ ᦉ [cʰ]
[āā  ēē]
• • [  ] • • [] [ōō] [āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ ii aa ] • • • [ āā] • [āā aa a aa]
• • • [ ii aa] • • [ēē  ōō ]
• • •
ᨩ [j]
ᨽᨬ ᨲᩣᨲ ᩈᨴᩥᨲᩥ ᦀᩃ
ᦀᩃᩴᩴ ᦅᩉᨷᨲ
ᦅᩉᨷᨲᩥᩥ ᦂᨲ
ᦂᨲᩴᩴ ᩮᨾ ᦀᨩ ᨽᨲᦂᩥᨧᨶᩥ ᦀᨵ
ᦀᨵᩥᩅᩅᩤᩥ ᩤᩮᩈᩉ
ᩈᩉᩥᩥ ᨲᩣᨲ
u ]
[u • [āā ] • [ ii āā ] • • • [ aa] • [] [ aa] • [ēē] [aa ] • [aa  ii aa ] • • • • [ āā ēē ] • • • [āā ]• ᨫ [jʰ]
ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶ ᩈᩣᨲᨿ ᨽᨲᨶᩥ ᦀᨵ

ᩈᩈᩥᩥ ᩮᦃᩣ ᦀᩣᨿᩈᩣ ᩈᨴᩮᩥᩮ ᨲᨱᩦᨽᩣᩮᩅᨶ ᦀᨳ ᩮᦃᩣ ᨬ [ñ]
[ ii ]
• • [ā  āā ] • • • [aa aa ] • • [ āā ēē ] • • • [ōō] [āā aa ā]
• • [ ii ōō] • • u  āā ēē ]
[u • • • • [] [ōō]
ᨭ [ṭ]
ᦀᩣᨿᩈᩣ ᩈᨴᩮᩥᩮ ᩏᨭᩣᨿᩣᩈ ᨷᦂᩣᨾᨾᩥᩥ ᨮ [ṭʰ]

[āā aa ā]
• • [ ii ōō]• • u āā āā  āā]
[u • • • • [aa āā ] • •
ᨯ [ḍ]
1 -56 ᦀᨳ ᩮᦃᩣ ᦀᩣᨿᩈᩮᨲᩣ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶᩔ ᨾᩣᨲᩣ ᨲᩔᩣ ᩁᨲᩥᨿᩣ ᦀᨧᩮᨿᨶ
[] [ōō] [āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ ii aa ] • • • [āā āā] • [aa āā] • [aa  āā] • • [aa  ēē ] • • • ᨰ [ḍʰ]
ᩉᩁ
ᩉᩁᩥᩮᩮᨲᨶ
ᩥ ᨲᨶ ᩮᦅᩤᨾᩮᨿᨶ ᨷᨳᩅ ᩮᦀᩣᨷᨬᩣᩮᨷᨲᩣ ᩮᨴ ᨷᩮᨬ ᦂᩣᩁᩣᩮᨷᩈ
ᦂᩣᩁᩣᩮᨷᩈᩥᩥ ᪅ᦂᩴ ᩉᩁᩥᩁᨬᩔ
ᨬᩔ ᨱ [ṇ]
[ ēē ] • • [ōō  ēē ]
• • • [ ii] • [ōō u
u āā ēē ā]
• • • • [ē] u ēē]
[u • [āā āā ēē ]• • • [ēē aa] • [ aa aa ] • • •
ᨲ [t]
᪅ᦂᩴ ᩈᩅᨱᩔ ᨲᩣᩅ ᨾᩉ ᨷᨬᩣ ᦀᩮᩉᩈᩴ ᩮᦀᩣᩁᩮᨲᩣ ᨮᩮᩥᩮᨲᩣ
ᨲᩣ ᨷᩁᩮᩥᩮᩈᩣ
ᩈᩣ ᨷᩤᩁᩮᨲᩣ ᨮᨲ
ᩥ ᩴ ᨳ [tʰ]
[ēē aa]
• [ aa aa ]
• • • [āā ] • [ aa āā] • • u āā]
[u • [ ēē u
u] • • [ōō  ōō]
• • [ ōō] • [ ōō] • [āā  ōō] • • [ aa] •
ᨴ [d]
ᨷᩁᩈᩥ ᩴ ᨶ ᨷᩔᨲ
ᨷᩔᨲᩥᩥ ᨷᩤᩁᩮᨲᩣ ᨮᩮᩥᩮᨲᩣ
ᨲᩣ ᨷᩁᩮᩥᩮᩈᩣ
ᩈᩣ ᩮᦀᩣᩁᩮᨲᩣ ᨮᨲ
ᩥ ᩴ ᨷᩁᩈᩥ ᩴ ᨶ ᨷᩔᨲ
ᨷᩔᨲᩥᩥ ᩮᨲ
[ aa] • [] [aa ] • [āā  ōō] • • [ ōō] • [ ōō] • [ōō  ōō]
• • [ aa]
• [ aa] • [] [aa ] • [ēē] ᨵ [dʰ]
ᨷᩮᨬ ᦂᩥᩃᩮᨬᩉᩥ ᨷᨭ
ᨷᨭᩥᨧᨧᩥ ᩣᨴᩤᩮᨷᨲᩣ ᨾᩮᨩ ᦀᩣᩈᨶ
ᦀᩣᩈᨶᩴᩴ ᨷᨬᩣᩮᨷᨲᩣ ᨲᩮᩥᩮᩁᩣᦂᩁᨱᩦ
ᩁᩣᦂᩁᨱᨿᩦ ᩴ ᨶ [n]
u ēē]
[u • [ aa ēē ]
• • • [ ii āā āā ēē ā]
• • • • • [aa ēē] • [āā  aa]• • [aa āā ēē ā] • • • [ ōō   aa]
• • • •
ᨷ [p]
ᨷᩁ
ᨷᩁᩥᦂᦂ
ᩥ ᩥᨷᨲ
ᩥᨲᩣ ᦀᩣᨿᩈᩮᨲᩣ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶᩔ ᨷᩁᩣᨱᨴᨲᨿ
ᩥ ᦂ
ᩥᦂᩴᩴ ᦀᩣᨾᩮᨶᩈᩥ ᩮᨲᨶ ᩉᩥ ᩅᨵ ᩮᨿᨶ ᨹ [pʰ]
[ ii  ii ā]
• • • • [āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ ii aa ] • • • [ āā  aa] • • • [āā aa ēē ]
• • • [ēē ] • [] [] [ēē ] •
ᨻ [b]
ᦀᩃ
ᦀᩃᩴᦂᦂᩣᩮᩁᨶ
ᩴ ᩣᩮᩁᨶ ᦀᩃ
ᦀᩃᩴᦂᦂᨲᩣ
ᩴ ᨲᩣ ᨷᨲᩔ ᩮᨾ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶᩔ ᨷᨿ
ᩥᨿᩣᩣ ᦀᩮᩉᩣᩈ
ᦀᩮᩉᩣᩈᩥᩥ ᨾᨷᩤ ᩮᨲᨶ
[ aa āā ēē ]
• • • • [ aa  āā]
• • • u aa ]
[u • • [ēē] [ ii aa ]
• • • [ āā] • [ ōō ]
• • [ āā āā] • • [ēē ] •
ᨽ [bʰ]
ᦀᩃ
ᦀᩃᩴᦂᦂᩁᩣᨲᩥ
ᩴ ᩁᩣᨲᩥ ᪅ᩅ
᪅ᩅᩴᩴ ᦀᩮᨿᨲᩥ ᩮᦃᩣ ᦀᩣᨿᩈᩮᨲᩣ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶᩔ ᨷᩁᩣᨱᨴᨲᨿ
ᩥ ᦂ
ᩥᦂᩣᩣ ᨾ [m]
[ aa āā ēē ]
• • • • [ aa  āā ]
• • • • [ēē aa]
• [aa ēē ] • • [ōō] [āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ ii aa ]
• • • [ āā  āā] • • •
ᨿ [y]
ᦀᩣᨿᩈᩮᨲᩣ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶᩔ ᨾᩣᨲᨿᩣ ᨷᨧᩮᩔᩣᩈ
ᩔᩣᩈᩥᩥ ᩁ [r]
[āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ ii aa ]
• • • [āā  āā] • • [aa aa ōō ] • • •
ᩃ [l]
1 -57 ᦀᨳ ᩮᦃᩣ ᦀᩣᨿᩈᩣ ᩈᨴᩮᩥᩮ ᨷᨻᨱ
ᨾᨿᩴᩴ ᨶᩅᩥᩅᩤᩤᩮᩈᨲᩣ
[] [ōō] [āā aa ā]
• • [ ii ōō] • • u aa  aa]
[u • • • [ āā ēē ā]
• • •
ᩅ [v]
ᨷᨲᨧᩅᩦᩅᩁᨾᩣᨴᩤ
ᩁᨾᩣᨴᩤᨿ ᩮᨿᨶ ᩈᦂᨷ ᩥ  ᨶᩮᩥᩮᩅᩈᨶᩴ
ᩴ ᨾᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᩣ ᨷᨬᩮᨲ ᩈ [s]
[aa    āā āā ]
• • • • • • [ēē ] • [] [ ēē  aa]
• • • [ēē  aa ]• • • [ aa  ii ā] • • • • [aa aa ēē] • •
ᩉ [h]
ᦀᩣᩈᩮᨶ ᨶᩈᩥ ᨴᩦ ᩥ ᦀᨳ ᩮᦃᩣ ᦀᩣᨿᩈᩮᨲᩣ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶᩔ ᨷᨲ
ᩥᨲᩣᩣ ᩮᨿᨿᩈᩣ ᩈᨴᩮᩥᩮ ᩊ [ḷ]
[āā  ēē]
• • [  ] • • [] [ōō] [āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ ii aa ] • • • [ āā] • [ēē āā aa ā]
• • • [ ii ōō] • •
ᦀᩴ [ŋ̊]
ᩴ ᨾᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᩣ ᩮᨲ ᨷᩮᨬ ᩅᩅᩥᩅᩁᩣᩮᨷᨲ
ᩁᩣᩮᨷᨲᩣ ᦀᩣᨿᩈᨶᩴ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶᩴ
[ēē  aa ]
• • • [ aa  ii ā] • • • • [ēē] u ēē]
[u • [ āā ēē ā] • • • [āā aa a aa]
• • • [ ii aa] • •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
23
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
᪅ᨲᨴᩮᩅᩤᨧ ᦀᩥᨴᩴ ᩮᨲ ᨲᩣᨲ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶ ᨾᩣᨲ ᨾᨲᩥᦂᩴ ᦀᩥᨲᩥᦂᩣᨿ ᦀᩥᨲᩥᨵᨶᨶᩴᩴ ᦀᨬᩴ

[ēē  ōō ]
• • • [ aa]• [ēē] [āā ] • [ ii ]
• • [āā ] • [aa  aa] • • [ii  āā ] • • • [ii  aa]
• • [aa aa] •
ᩮᨷᨲᩥᦂᩴ ᦀᨬᩴ ᨷᨲ
ᩥᨲᩣᨾᩉᩴ
ᩣᨾᩉᩴ ᩃᨻᩣ ᨲᩣᨲ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶ ᩉᩦᨿᩣᩅᨲ
ᨿᩣᩅᨲᩥᨲᩣ ᩮᨽᩣᦅᩤ ᨧ ᨽᨬᩥᨲᩴ
[  aa] • • [aa aa] • [ āā  aa] • • • [aa āā] • [āā ] • [ ii ]• • [ āā āā aa ii ā]
• • • • • [ōō āā] • [] u  u
[u u] • •
ᨷᨬᩣᨶ
ᩣᨶᩥᩥ ᨧ ᦂᩣᨲᩴ ᪅ᩉ
᪅ᩉᩥᩥ ᨲᩴ ᨲᩣᨲ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶ ᩉᩦᨿᩣᩅᨲ
ᨿᩣᩅᨲᩥᨲᩣ ᩮᨽᩣᩮᦅ ᨧ ᨽᨬᩔ
u āā ]
[u • • [] [āā u
u] • [ēē ] • [a] [āā ] • [ ii ] • • [ āā āā aa ii ā]
• • • • • [ōō ēē] • [] u aa ]
[u • •
ᨷᨬᩣᨶ
ᩣᨶᩥᩥ ᨧ ᦂᩮᩁᩣᩉ
ᦂᩮᩁᩣᩉᩦᨲᩦ ᩥ ᨲᩣᨲ ᨶ ᩏᩔᩉᩣᨾ
ᩏᩔᩉᩣᨾᩥᩥ ᨶ ᩅᩈᩥᩈᩉᩣᨾᩥ
ᩉᩣᨾᩥ ᦀᨽ
ᦀᨽᩥᩁᩁᩮᨲᩣ
ᩥ ᩮᨲᩣ ᦀᩉ
ᦀᩉᩴᩴ ᨻᩉᨧᩁᩁᩥᨿᩥ ᩴ
u āā ]
[u • • [] [ ōō  ]
• • • [āā ] • [] u  āā ]
[u • • • [] [ āā ] • • [ ōō] • [ aa]
• [ aa] •
ᨧᩁᩣᨾ
ᨧᩁᩣᨾᩦᨲᩦ ᩥ ᨴᨲᨿ
ᩥ ᨾᩥ ᩮᦃᩣ ᦀᩣᨿᩈᩮᨲᩣ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶᩔ ᨷᨲ
ᩥᨲᩣᩣ ᦀᩣᨿᩈᨶᩴ
[ āā  ]
• • • [ aa ] • • [ōō] [ēē] [ aa ] • • [ōō] [āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ ii aa ]
• • • [ āā] • [āā aa a aa]
• • •
ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶᩴ ᪅ᨲᨴᩮᩅᩤᨧ ᦀᩥᨴᩴ ᩮᨲ ᨲᩣᨲ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶ ᨾᩣᨲ ᨾᨲᩥᦂᩴ ᦀᩥᨲᩥᦂᩣᨿ ᦀᩥᨲᩥᨵᨶᨶᩴᩴ

[ ii aa]
• • [ēē  ōō ]
• • • [ aa]
• [ēē] [āā ] • [ ii ] • • [āā ] • [aa  aa] • • [ii  āā ]
• • • [ii  aa]
• •
ᦀᨬᩴ ᩮᨷᨲᩥᦂᩴ ᦀᨬᩴ ᨷᨲ

ᩥᨲᩣᨾᩉᩴ
ᩣᨾᩉᩴ ᩃᨻᩣ ᨲᩣᨲ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶ ᩉᩦᨿᩣᩅᨲ
ᨿᩣᩅᨲᩥᨲᩣ ᩮᨽᩣᦅᩤ ᨧ
[aa aa]• [  aa] • • [aa aa] • [ āā  aa]
• • • [aa āā] • [āā ] • [ ii ] • • [ āā āā aa ii ā]
• • • • • [ōō āā] • []
ᨽᨬᩥᨲᩴ ᨷᨬᩣᨶ
ᨿᩣᩅᨲᩥᨲᩣ ᩮᨽᩣᩮᦅ ᨧ
u  u
[u u] • • u āā ]
[u • • [] [āā u
• • • • • [ōō ēē] • []
ᨽᨬᩔ ᨷᨬᩣᨶ
ᦂᩮᩁᩣᩉᩦᨲᩦ ᩥ ᩅᩮᨴᨿᩣᨾ ᩮᦃᩣ ᨲᩴ ᦅᩉᨷᨲ
ᦅᩉᨷᨲᩥᩥ ᩈᩮᨧ ᨲᩴ
u aa ]
[u • • u āā ]
[u • • [] [ ōō  ]
• • • [  āā ] • • • [ōō] [aa] [] [ ēē] • [a]
ᨲ
ᨲᩥᦂᦂᨯ
ᩥ ᨯᩮᨿᩣᩈᩈᩦᨲᩦ ᩥ ᩅᩮᨴᩉ
ᩅᩮᨴᩉᩥᩥ ᨲᩣᨲ ᩈᨴᩥᨲᩥ ᩮᨲᨶ ᩉᩥ ᨲᩴ ᦅᩉᨷᨲ
ᦅᩉᨷᨲᩥᩥ ᨾᩉᩮᨶ ᨾᩉᩮᨶ
[āā  aa  āā  ]
• • • • • • [ ēē ] • • [āā ] • [ ii āā ] • • • [ēē ]
• [] [a] [] [ aa ēē] • • [ aa ēē] • •
ᩈᩣᨱ
ᩈᩣᨱᩥᨷᨷᩈᩥ
ᩥ ᩈᨻᩥ ᩮᩛᩮᦂ
ᦂ ᦂᩣᩁᩣᩮᨷᨲᩣ ᩉᩁᩥᩁᨬᩈ
ᨬᩈᩅᨱᩔ ᨷᩁᩣᩮᨷᨲᩣ ᩈᦂᩮᨭᩉ
ᩈᦂᩮᨭᩉᩥᩥ ᨶᨻᩥ ᩣᩛᩣᩉᩣᩮᨷᨲ
ᩉᩣᩮᨷᨲᩣ ᨾᩮᨩ
[āā  ii  ēē]
• • • • [āā āā ēē ā]
• • • [ aa  aa aa ]
• • • • • ū āā ēē ā]
[ū • • • [ ēē ] • • [ii āā āā ēē ā]
• • • • [aa ēē] •
ᦅᩴᦅᩤᨿ ᩮᩈᩣᩮᨲ ᩮᦀᩣᨷᩤᩮᨲᩉ

ᨲᩉᩥᩥ ᨲᩴ ᦂᩥᩔ ᩮᩉᨲ ᨿᨬᩥ ᩮᨲ ᦅᩉᨷᨲ
ᦅᩉᨷᨲᩥᩥ ᨽᩅ
ᨽᩅᩥᩔ
ᩥ ᨲᩥ
ᩔᨲᩥ ᨲᩮᨲᩣᨶ
ᨲᩮᨲᩣᨶᩥᨴᨴᩤᩥ ᩤᨶᩴ
[aa āā ] • • [ōō ēē]• [ōō āā ēē ]
• • • [aa] [ii ] • [ēē ] • [aa ] • [ēē] [] [ ii ]
• • [ ōō  āā aa]
• • • •
ᨽᨿ
ᨽᨿᩴᩴ ᩅᩤ ᨫᨾᩥᨲᨲᩴ ᩅᩤ ᩮᩃᩣᨾᩉ
ᩮᩃᩣᨾᩉᩴᩮᩮᩈᩣ
ᩴ ᩈᩣ ᩅᩤ ᦀᩣᩁᩮᦂᩣ ᩅᩤ ᩮᩈᩣ ᩮᨲ ᨶ ᨽᩅ
ᨽᩅᩥᩔ
ᩥ ᨲᨲᩦ ᩥ
ᩔᨲᩦ ᪅ᩅ
᪅ᩅᩴᩴ
[ aa] • [āā] [aa  aa aa] • • • [āā] [ōō  aa ōō]
• • • [āā] [āā aa ōō]
• • [āā] [ōō] [ēē] [] [ ii   ] • • • • [ēē aa]
•
ᩅᩮᨲ ᦀᩣᨿᩈᩮᨲᩣ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶᩔ ᨷᨲ

ᩥᨲᩣᩣ ᦀᨶᨲᨾᩮ ᦀᩮᩉᩣᩈ
ᦀᩮᩉᩣᩈᩥᩥ ᦂᨳᨬᩥ ᨾ ᨷᩮᨲᩣ ᩈᨴᩮᩥᩮ
u ēē]
[u • [āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ ii aa ]• • • [ āā] • [ aa  ōō]
• • • [ ōō ]
• • [ aa ] • • [āā ] • u ōō]
[u • [ ii ōō]
• •
᪅ᩅ
᪅ᩅᩴᩴ ᩅᦂᨲᨲ
ᩦ ᩥ
[ēē aa]
• [aa   ] • • •
1 -58 ᦀᨳ ᩮᦃᩣ ᦀᩣᨿᩈᩮᨲᩣ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶᩔ ᨷᨲ

ᩥᨲᩣᩣ ᦀᩣᨿᩈᩮᨲᩣ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶᩔ
[] [ōō] [āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ ii aa ]
• • • [ āā] • [āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ ii aa ]
• • •
ᨷᩁᩣᨱᨴᨲᨿ
ᩥ ᦂ
ᩥᦂᩴᩴ ᦀᩣᨾᩮᨶᩈᩥ ᩮᨲᨶ ᩉᩥ ᩅᨵ ᨲᩴ ᨷᨿ
ᩥᨿᩣᩣ ᨧ ᨾᨷᩤ ᨧ ᦀᩮᨷᩅ ᨾ
[ āā  aa]
• • • [āā aa ēē ]
• • • [ēē ] • [] [] [a] [ āā] • [] [ āā āā] • • [] [aa ēē ] • • [āā ] •
ᨷᩮᨲᩣ ᩈᨴᩮᩥᩮ ᨲᨿᨾᩥ ᩅᨧᨶ

ᩅᨧᨶᩴᩴ ᦂᩮᩁᨿᩣᨲᨲᩥᩥ ᦀᨳ ᩮᦃᩣ ᦀᩣᨿᩈᩮᨲᩣ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶᩔ
u ōō]
[u • [ ii ōō] • • u a ]
[u • • [ aa] • [  āā ]
• • • [] [ōō] [āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ ii aa ]• • •
ᩥ ᦂ
ᩥᦂᩣᩣ ᦀᩣᨿᩈᩮᨲᩣ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶᩔ ᨷᩤᩮᨴᩈ ᦅᩮᩉᨲᩣ ᦀᩣᨿᩈᨶᩴ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶᩴ ᪅ᨲᨴᩮᩅᩤᨧ
[ āā  āā]
• • • [āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ ii aa ]
• • • [āā ēē ]• • [ ēē ā]• • [āā aa a aa]
• • • [ ii aa] • • [ēē  ōō ]
• • •
ᦂᩦᨴᩈᩥᩈᩣᩣ ᨾ ᨲᩣ ᦀᨿᨷᨲ ᦀᨧᩁᩣᩮᨿᩣ ᨿᩣᩈ

ᨿᩣᩈᩴᩴ ᨲᩴ ᩮᩉᨲ ᨻᩉᨧᩁᩁᩥᨿᩥ ᩴ ᨧᩁᩈ
ᨧᩁᩈᩦᨲᩦ ᩥ ᨶ
[  āā]
• • [āā ] • [āā] [aa  u
u ]
• • • [aa  āā ōō]• • • [āā aa] • [a] [ēē ] • [ aa] • [  ] • • []
ᩮᦃᩣ ᦀᩉ
ᦀᩉᩴᩴ ᨽᦅᩥᨶᩥ ᦀᨧᩁᩣᨶ
ᩣᨶᩴᩴ ᩮᩉᨲ ᨻᩉᨧᩁᩁᩥᨿᩥ ᩴ ᨧᩁᩣᨾ
ᨧᩁᩣᨾᩦᨲᩦ ᩥ ᦀᨳ ᩮᦃᩣ ᦀᩣᨿᩈᩮᨲᩣ
[ōō] [ aa] • [] [aa  āā aa]
• • • [ēē ] • [ aa] • [ āā  ] • • • [] [ōō] [āā aa  ōō]
• • •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
24
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶᩔ ᨷᩁᩣᨱᨴᨲᨿ
ᩥ ᦂ
ᩥᦂᩣᩣ ᦀᨩᨲᩮᦅ ᨾᩴ ᦀᨿᨷᩮᨲᩣ ᩈᨴᩮᩥᩮ ᨽᦅᩥᨶᩅᩥᩅᩤᩤᩮᨴᨶ
[ ii aa ] [ āā  āā] [aa  aa ēē] [aa] [aa  u
u ōō] [ ii ōō] [ āā ēē ]
ᦂ [k]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
ᩈᨾᨴᩤᨧᩁᨲ
ᩁᨲᩦᨲᩦ ᩥ ᨲᩮᨲᩅ ᨾᨧᩥᨲᩣ ᨷᨷᨲᩣ ᦃ [kʰ]
[ āā   ] • • • • [aa ēē ] • • u  āā]
[u • • [ āā] •
ᦅ [g]
1 -59 ᦀᨳ ᩮᦃᩣ ᦀᩣᨿᩈᩣ ᩈᨴᩮᩥᩮ ᨷᨲ
ᩥᨲᩁᩴᩁᩴ ᪅ᨲᨴᩮᩅᩤᨧ ᩈᩮᨧ ᦅᩉᨷᨲ
ᦅᩉᨷᨲᩥᩥ ᨥ [gʰ]
[] [ōō] [āā aa ā]
• • [ ii ōō]
• • [ aa] • [ēē  ōō ]
• • • [ ēē] • []
ᩮᨽᩣᨩᨶ
ᩮᨽᩣᨩᨶᩴᩴ ᨴᩤᨲᨻᨻᩴᩛᩴ ᩮᨴᨳ ᨾᩣ ᩮ ᩅᩮᩥᩮᩉᨮᨿᩥ
ᩉᨮᨿᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᩣᨲᨲᩥᩥ ᨽᨬ ᨲᩣᨲ ᩈᨴᩥᨲᩥ ᦀᨳ ᩮᦃᩣ ᨦ [ṅ]
[ōō  aa] [āā aa aa] [ēē ] [āā] [ōō] [ ēē  ii āā ] u ]
[u [āā ] [ ii āā ] [] [ōō]
ᨧ
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
[c]
ᦀᩣᨿᩈᩮᨲᩣ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶᩔ ᨾᩣᨲᩣ ᨧ ᨷᨲ

ᩥᨲᩣᩣ ᨧ ᦀᩣᨿᩈᨶᩴ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶᩴ ᨷᨱ
ᨷᨱᩦᩮᩮᨲᨶ
ᩦ ᨲᨶ ᦉ [cʰ]
[āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ ii aa ]
• • • [āā āā] • [] [ āā] • [] [āā aa a aa]
• • • [ ii aa] • • [  ēē ] • • •
ᨩ [j]
ᦃᩣᨴᨶ
ᦃᩣᨴᨶᩦᩮᩮᨿᨶ
ᩦ ᨿᨶ ᩮᨽᩣᨩᨶ
ᩮᨽᩣᨩᨶᩦᩮᩮᨿᨶ
ᩦ ᨿᨶ ᩈᩉᨲᩣ ᩈᨶᩮᨷᩈᩴ ᩈᨾᩅᩤᩮᩁᩈᩴ ᦀᨳ ᩮᦃᩣ ᦀᩣᨿᩈᩮᨲᩣ
[āā   ēē ]
• • • • [ōō   ēē ]
• • • • [ aa āā] • • [aa aa ēē u
u] • • • [aa  āā ēē u
u] • • • • [] [ōō] [āā aa  ōō]
• • • ᨫ [jʰ]
ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶᩔ ᨾᩣᨲᩣ ᦀᩣᨿᩈᨶᩴ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶᩴ ᨽᨲᩣᩅ ᩮᦀᩣᨶ

ᩮᦀᩣᨶᩦᨲᨲᨷᨲ
ᩦ ᨷᨲᨷᩤᨱ ᪅ᨲᨴᩮᩅᩤᨧ ᦀᩥᨴᩴ ᨬ [ñ]
[ ii aa ]
• • • [āā āā] • [āā aa a aa]
• • • [ ii aa]• • u āā ii]
[u • • [ōō   aa  āā ii]
• • • • • • [ēē  ōō ]
• • • [ aa] •
ᨭ [ṭ]
ᨲᩣᨲ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶ ᦂᩃᩴ ᦀᨯᩴ ᨾᩉᨴᨶᩴ ᨾᩉᩣᩮᨽᩣᦅᩴ ᨷᩉᨲᨩᩣᨲᩁᨷᩁᨩᨲ

ᩁᨩᨲᩴᩴ ᨮ [ṭʰ]
[āā ]
• [ ii ] • • [ aa] • [aa aa] • [ aa  aa]
• • • [ āā ōō aa] • • • ū  āā  ū
[ ū ū  aa]
• • • • • • •
ᨯ [ḍ]
ᨷᩉᨲᩅᩅᩥᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᩪᨷᦂᩁᨱ
ᦂᩁᨱᩴᩴ ᨷᩉᨲᨵᨶᨵᨬᩴ ᩃᨻᩣ ᨲᩣᨲ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶ ᩉᩦᨿᩣᩅᨲ
ᨿᩣᩅᨲᩥᨲᩣ ᩮᨽᩣᦅᩤ
ū  ii ū
[ ū • ū  aa]• • • • • ū  aa aa]
[ ū • • • • [aa āā] • [āā ] • [ ii ] • • [ āā āā aa ii ā]
• • • • • [ōō āā] • ᨰ [ḍʰ]
ᨧ ᨽᨬᩥᨲᩴ ᨷᨬᩣᨶ
ᨿᩣᩅᨲᩥᨲᩣ ᩮᨽᩣᩮᦅ ᨧ ᨱ [ṇ]
[] u  u
[u u] • • u āā ]
[u • • [] [āā u
• • • • • [ōō ēē] • []
ᨲ [t]
ᨽᨬᩔ ᨷᨬᩣᨶ
ᦂᩮᩁᩣᩉᩦᨲᩦ ᩥ ᦀᨾ ᨶ ᩏᩔᩉᩣᨾ
ᩏᩔᩉᩣᨾᩥᩥ ᨶ ᩅᩈᩥᩈᩉᩣᨾᩥ
ᩉᩣᨾᩥ ᦀᨽ
ᦀᩉᩴᩴ ᨳ [tʰ]
u aa ]
[u • • u āā ]
[u • • [] [ ōō  ] • • • [aa ] • [] u  āā ]
[u • • • [] [ āā ] • • [ ōō] • [ aa] •
ᨴ [d]
ᨻᩉᨧᩁᩁᩥᨿᩥ ᩴ ᨧᩁᩣᨾ
ᨧᩁᩣᨾᩦᨲᩦ ᩥ
[ aa] • [ āā  ] • • •
ᨵ [dʰ]
1 -60 ᨴᨲᨿ
ᩥ ᨾᩥ ᩮᦃᩣ ᦀᩣᨿᩈᩮᨲᩣ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶᩔ ᨾᩣᨲᩣ ᨶ [n]
[ aa ] • • [ōō] [ēē] [ aa ] • • [ōō] [āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ ii aa ] • • • [āā āā] •
ᨷ [p]
ᦀᩣᨿᩈᨶᩴ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶᩴ ᪅ᨲᨴᩮᩅᩤᨧ ᦀᩥᨴᩴ ᨲᩣᨲ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶ ᦂᩃᩴ ᦀᨯᩴ ᨾᩉᨴᨶᩴ ᨹ [pʰ]
[āā aa a aa]
• • • [ ii aa]
• • [ēē  ōō ]
• • • [ aa]• [āā ] • [ ii ]• • [ aa] • [aa aa] • [ aa  aa] • • •
ᨻ [b]
ᨾᩉᩣᩮᨽᩣᦅᩴ ᨷᩉᨲᨩᩣᨲᩁᨷᩁᨩᨲ
ᩁᨩᨲᩴᩴ ᨷᩉᨲᩅᩅᩥᨲᨲ
ᦂᩁᨱᩴᩴ ᨷᩉᨲᨵᨶᨵᨬᩴ ᩮᨲᨶ ᩉᩥ
[ āā ōō aa]
• • • ū  āā  ū
[ ū • ū  aa] • • • • • • ū  ii ū
[ ū ū  aa]
• • • • • • ū  aa aa]
[ ū • • • • [ēē ] • [] ᨽ [bʰ]
ᨲᩣᨲ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶ ᨻᨩᩦᨩᦂᨾ

ᦂᨾᩥ ᩮᨴᩉ
ᩮᨴᩉᩥᩥ ᨾᩣ ᩮ ᦀᨷᨲᦂᩴ ᩈᩣᨷᩮᨲᨿᩴ ᩃᨧᩥᨧᩅᩮᨿᩣ ᨾ [m]
[āā ]
• [ ii ] • • [  aa ] • • • [ēē ] • [āā] [ōō] u  aa]
[ u • • • [āā   aa]
• • • [ii  ōō] • •
ᨿ [y]
ᦀᨲ
ᦀᨲᩥᩉ
ᩥ ᩁᩣᩮᨷᩈᨶᩥ
ᩉᩁᩣᩮᨷᩈ ᪅ᨲ
᪅ᨲᩴᩴ ᩮᦃᩣ ᩮᨾ ᦀᨾ ᩈᦂᩣ ᦂᩣᨲᨶᩥ ᦂᩉ
ᦂᩉᩴᩴ ᨷᨶ ᨲᩣᨲ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶ ᩁ [r]
[ āā ēē u
u ] • • • • [ēē aa]
• [ōō] [ēē] [aa ] • [aa āā] • [āā u
u ] • • [ aa] • [] [āā ] • [ ii ] • •
ᩃ [l]
᪅ᨲᩁᩉ
᪅ᨲᩁᩉᩥᩥ ᩅᩉ
ᩥᩉᩁᩈᩦ
ᩁᩈᨲᩦ ᩥ ᨾᩉᩣᩅᩮᨶ ᦀᨾᩣᨲᨲᩥᩥ ᦀᨳ ᩮᦃᩣ ᦀᩣᨿᩈᩣ ᩈᨴᩮᩥᩮ ᩏᨭᩣᨿᩣᩈ
[ēē ]
• [  ] • • [ āā  ēē] • • • [aa āā ] • • [] [ōō] [āā aa ā]
• • [ ii ōō] • • u āā āā  āā]
[u • • • •
ᩅ [v]
ᨷᦂᩣᨾᨾᩥᩥ ᩈ [s]
[aa āā ] • •
ᩉ [h]
1 -61 ᦀᨳ ᩮᦃᩣ ᦀᩣᨿᩈᩮᨲᩣ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶᩔ ᨾᩣᨲᩣ ᦀᩣᨿᩈᩮᨲᩣ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶᩔ ᩊ [ḷ]
[] [ōō] [āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ ii aa ]
• • • [āā āā] • [āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ ii aa ]
• • •
ᦀᩴ [ŋ̊]
ᩥ ᦂ
ᩥᦂᩴᩴ ᦀᩣᨾᩮᨶᩈᩥ ᩮᨲᨶ ᩉᩥ ᩅᨵ ᨿᨴᩤ ᩏᨲᨶᩦ ᦀᩮᩉᩣᩈ
ᦀᩮᩉᩣᩈᩥᩥ ᨷᨷᩴ ᩮᨲ
[ āā  aa]
• • • [āā aa ēē ]
• • • [ēē ] • [] [] [ āā] • [ ] • [ ōō ] • • u aa]
[u • [ēē]
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
25
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
ᩏᨷᨶᩴ ᩮᩉᩣᨲ
ᩮᩉᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᦀᨳ ᩮᨾ ᦀᩣᩮᩁᩣᩮᨧᨿᩣᩈᩈᩦᨲᩦ ᩥ ᪅ᩅ
᪅ᩅᩴᩴ ᦀᩮᨿᨲᩥ ᩮᦃᩣ ᦀᩣᨿᩈᩮᨲᩣ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶᩔ
u aa aa]
[u • • [ōō ] • [] [ēē] [āā ōō  āā  ]
• • • • • [ēē aa]
• [aa ēē ]• • [ōō] [āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ ii aa ] • • •
ᩥ ᦂ
ᩥᦂᩣᩣ ᦀᩣᨿᩈᩮᨲᩣ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶᩔ ᨾᩣᨲᨿᩣ ᨷᨧᩮᩔᩣᩈ
ᩔᩣᩈᩥᩥ ᦀᨳ ᩮᦃᩣ ᦀᩣᨿᩈᩮᨲᩣ
[ āā  āā]
• • • [āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ ii aa ]
• • • [āā  āā] • • [aa aa ōō ] • • • [] [ōō] [āā aa  ōō]
• • •
ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶᩔ ᨷᩁᩣᨱᨴᨲᨿ
ᩥ ᦂ
ᩥᦂᩣᩣ ᨶᨧ
ᨶᨧᩥᩁᩁᩮᩔᩅ
ᩥ ᩮᩔᩅ ᩏᨲᨶᩦ ᦀᩮᩉᩣᩈ
ᦀᩮᩉᩣᩈᩥᩥ ᨷᨷᩴᩈᩣ ᩏᨷᨩᩥ ᦀᨳ ᩮᦃᩣ
[ ii aa ]
• • • [ āā  āā]
• • • [ aa ēē ] • • • [ ] • [ ōō ]
• • u aa āā]
[u • • u aa ]
[u • • [] [ōō]
ᦀᩣᨿᩈᩮᨲᩣ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶᩔ ᨷᩁᩣᨱᨴᨲᨿ

ᩥ ᦂ
ᩥᦂᩣᩣ ᦀᩣᨿᩈᩮᨲᩣ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶᩔ ᨾᩣᨲᩁ
ᨾᩣᨲᩁᩴᩴ ᪅ᨲᨴᩮᩅᩤᨧ
[āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ ii aa ] • • • [ āā  āā] • • • [āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ ii aa ]
• • • [āā  aa]• • [ēē  ōō ]
• • •
ᩏᨲᨶᨾᩦᨾᩥ ᦀᩮᨿ ᨷᨷᩴ ᩮᨾ ᩏᨷᨶᨶᩥ ᩮᨲᨶ ᩉᩥ ᩅᨵ ᩮᨿᨶ ᦀᩃ

ᦀᩃᩴᦂᦂᨲᩣ
ᩴ ᨲᩣ
[  ] • • [aa ēē] • u aa]
[u • [ēē] u aa aa ]
[u • • • [ēē ] • [] [] [ēē ] • [ aa āā ēē ]
• • • • [ aa  āā]
• • •
ᨷᨲᩔ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶᩔ ᨷᨿ
ᩥᨿᩣᩣ ᦀᩮᩉᩣᩈ
ᦀᩮᩉᩣᩈᩥᩥ ᨾᨷᩤ ᩮᨲᨶ ᦀᩃ
ᦀᩃᩴᦂᦂᩁᩣᨲᩥ
ᩴ ᩁᩣᨲᩥ ᪅ᩅ
᪅ᩅᩴᩴ ᦀᩮᨿᨲᩥ
u aa ]
[u • • [ ii aa ]• • • [ āā] • [ ōō ]
• • [ āā āā] • • [ēē ] • [ aa āā ēē ]
• • • • [ aa  āā ]
• • • • [ēē aa] • [aa ēē ] • •
ᩮᦃᩣ ᦀᩣᨿᩈᩮᨲᩣ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶᩔ ᨷᩁᩣᨱᨴᨲᨿ

ᩥ ᦂ
ᩥᦂᩣᩣ ᦀᩣᨿᩈᩮᨲᩣ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶᩔ ᨾᩣᨲᨿᩣ ᨷᨧᩮᩔᩣᩈ
ᩔᩣᩈᩥᩥ
[ōō] [āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ ii aa ]
• • • [ āā  āā]
• • • [āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ ii aa ]
• • • [āā  āā] • • [aa aa ōō ] • • •
ᦀᨳ ᩮᦃᩣ ᦀᩣᨿᩈᩮᨲᩣ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶᩔ ᨾᩣᨲᩣ ᦀᩣᨿᩈᩮᨲᩣ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶᩔ ᨷᩁᩣᨱᨴᨲᨿ

ᩥ ᦂ
ᩥᦂᩴᩴ ᦀᩣᨴᩤᨿ
[] [ōō] [āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ ii aa ]
• • • [āā āā] • [āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ ii aa ]
• • • [ āā  aa]
• • • [āā āā ]
• •
ᩮᨿᨶ ᨾᩉᩣᩅᨶ
ᨾᩉᩣᩅᨶᩴᩴ ᩮᨿᨿᩈᩣ ᩈᨴᩮᩥᩮ ᩮᨲᨶᨷᩈᩈᩴᦂᦂᨾᩥ
ᩴ ᨾᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᩣ ᦀᩣᨿᩈᨶᩴ
[ēē ]
• [ āā  aa] • • • [ēē āā aa ā]
• • • [ ii ōō] • • [ēē  aa ]
• • • [ aa  ii ā] • • • • [āā aa a aa]
• • •
ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶᩴ ᪅ᨲᨴᩮᩅᩤᨧ ᦀᩥᨴᩴ ᨲᩣᨲ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶ ᦂᩃᩴ ᦀᨯᩴ ᨾᩉᨴᨶᩴ ᨾᩉᩣᩮᨽᩣᦅᩴ

[ ii aa]
• • [ēē  ōō ]
• • • [ aa]
• [āā ]• [ ii ] • • [ aa] • [aa aa] • [ aa  aa] • • • [ āā ōō aa] • • •
ᨷᩉᨲᨩᩣᨲᩁᨷᩁᨩᨲ
ᦂᩁᨱᩴᩴ ᨷᩉᨲᨵᨶᨵᨬᩴ ᩃᨻᩣ ᨲᩣᨲ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶ
ū  āā  ū
[ ū • ū  aa]
• • • • • • ū  ii ū
[ ū ū  aa]
• • • • • • ū  aa aa]
[ ū • • • • [aa āā] • [āā ] • [ ii ] • •
ᩉᩦᨿᩣᩅᨲ
ᨿᩣᩅᨲᩥᨲᩣ ᩮᨽᩣᦅᩤ ᨧ ᨽᨬᩥᨲᩴ ᨷᨬᩣᨶ
᪅ᩉᩥᩥ ᨲᩴ ᨲᩣᨲ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶ
[ āā āā aa ii ā]
• • • • • [ōō āā] • [] u  u
[u u] • • u āā ]
[u • • [] [āā u
u] • [ēē ] • [a] [āā ] • [ ii ] • •
ᩉᩦᨿᩣᩅᨲ
ᨿᩣᩅᨲᩥᨲᩣ ᩮᨽᩣᩮᦅ ᨧ ᨽᨬᩔ ᨷᨬᩣᨶ
ᦂᩮᩁᩣᩉᩦᨲᩦ ᩥ ᦀᨾ ᨶ ᩏᩔᩉᩣᨾ
ᩏᩔᩉᩣᨾᩥᩥ ᨶ
[ āā āā aa ii ā]
• • • • • [ōō ēē] • [] u aa ]
[u • • u āā ]
[u • • [] [ ōō  ] • • • [aa ] • [] u  āā ]
[u • • • []
ᩅᩈᩥᩈᩉᩣᨾᩥ
ᩉᩣᨾᩥ ᦀᨽ
ᦀᩉᩴᩴ ᨻᩉᨧᩁᩁᩥᨿᩥ ᩴ ᨧᩁᩣᨾ
ᨧᩁᩣᨾᩦᨲᩦ ᩥ
[ āā ] • • [ ōō] • [ aa]
• [ aa] • [ āā  ] • • •
1 -62 ᨴᨲᨿ
ᩥ ᨾᩥ ᩮᦃᩣ ᦀᩣᨿᩈᩮᨲᩣ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶᩔ ᨾᩣᨲᩣ
[ aa ] • • [ōō] [ēē] [ aa ] • • [ōō] [āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ ii aa ]
• • • [āā āā] •
ᦀᩣᨿᩈᨶᩴ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶᩴ ᪅ᨲᨴᩮᩅᩤᨧ ᦀᩥᨴᩴ ᨲᩣᨲ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶ ᦂᩃᩴ ᦀᨯᩴ ᨾᩉᨴᨶᩴ

[āā aa a aa]
• • • [ ii aa] • • [ēē  ōō ]
• • • [ aa]
• [āā ] • [ ii ] • • [ aa] • [aa aa] • [ aa  aa] • • •
ᨾᩉᩣᩮᨽᩣᦅᩴ ᨷᩉᨲᨩᩣᨲᩁᨷᩁᨩᨲ
ᦂᩁᨱᩴᩴ ᨷᩉᨲᨵᨶᨵᨬᩴ ᩮᨲᨶ ᩉᩥ
[ āā ōō aa]
• • • ū  āā  ū
[ ū ū  aa]
• • • • • • • ū  ii ū
[ ū • ū  aa]• • • • • ū  aa aa]
[ ū • • • • [ēē ] • []
ᨲᩣᨲ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶ ᨻᨩᩦᨩᦂᨾ

ᦂᨾᩥ ᩮᨴᩉ
ᩮᨴᩉᩥᩥ ᨾᩣ ᩮ ᦀᨷᨲᦂᩴ ᩈᩣᨷᩮᨲᨿᩴ ᩃᨧᩥᨧᩅᩮᨿᩣ
[āā ]
• [ ii ] • • [  aa ]
• • • [ēē ] • [āā] [ōō] u  aa]
[ u • • • [āā   aa]
• • • [ii  ōō]
• •
ᦀᨲ
ᦀᨲᩥᩉ
ᩥ ᩁᩣᩮᨷᩈᨶᩥ
ᩉᩁᩣᩮᨷᩈ ᪅ᨲ
᪅ᨲᩴᩴ ᩮᦃᩣ ᩮᨾ ᦀᨾ ᩈᦂᩣ ᦂᩣᨲᨶᩥ ᨷᩁᩣᨱᨴᨲᨿ
ᩥ ᦂ
ᩥᦂᩣᨿ
ᩣᨿ ᨻᩣᩉᩣᨿ
ᨻᩣᩉᩣᨿᩴᩴ ᦅᩮᩉᨲᩣ
[ āā ēē u
u ] • • • • [ēē aa]
• [ōō] [ēē] [aa ] • [aa āā] • [āā u
u ] • • [ āā  āā ]
• • • • [āā āā aa] • • [ ēē ā] • •
ᨾᩉᩣᩅᨶ
ᨾᩉᩣᩅᨶᩴᩴ ᦀᩮᨩᩣᦅᩤᩮᩉᨲᩣ ᦀᨷᨬᩮᨲ ᩈᦂ
ᩥᦂᩣᨷᩮᨴ ᦀᨴ
ᦀᨴᩦᨶᨶᩅᨴᩮᩔᩣ
ᩦ ᩅᨴᩮᩔᩣ ᨷᩁᩣᨱᨴᨲᨿ
ᩥ ᦂ
ᩥᦂᩣᨿ
ᩣᨿ
[ āā  aa]
• • • [aa ōō āā ēē ā]
• • • • [ aa aa ēē]
• • • [ii āā  ēē]
• • • [ āā   aa ōō]
• • • • • [ āā  āā ]
• • • •
ᨲᦂ
ᩥᦂᨲᩩᩴ ᩮᨾᨳᨶᩴ ᨵᨾᩴ ᦀᨽ
ᦀᨽᩥᩅᩥ ᨬᩥᨬᩣᩮᨷᩈᩥ
ᩣᩮᨷᩈᩥ ᩈᩣ ᩮᨲᨶ ᦅᨻᩴ ᦅᨱᩥ
[ii aa u
• u] • [ēē  aa] • • [aa aa] • [ ii āā ēē ] • • • • [āā] [ēē ] • [aa aa] • [aa ]
•
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
26
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
1 -63 ᨽᨾᩣ ᩮᨴᩅᩤ ᩈᨴᨾᨶᩔᩣᩮᩅᩈᩴ ᨶᩁᩥᩁᨻᩩᨻᩮᩛᩮᨴᩤ

ᩩ ᨴᩤ ᩅᨲ ᩮᨽᩣ ᨽᦂ
ᨥᩣ
u āā]
[u [ēē āā] [aa  u
u āā ēē u
u] [ aa  ōō] [] [ōō] [ii  aa ōō]
ᦂ [k]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •
ᨶᩁᩥᩁᩣᨴᩦ
ᩦ ᩮᩅᩤ ᩈᨴᩮᩥᩮᨶᨶᨶ ᦂᩃᨶᨷᩮᨲᨶ ᦀᨻ
ᦀᨻᩩᨴᩛᩩ ᩴ ᩏᨷᩤᨴᨲ
ᩥ ᩴ ᦀᩣᨴ
ᦀᩣᨴᩦᨶᨶᩮᩅᩤ
ᩦ ᩮᩅᩤ ᩏᨷᩤᨴᩮᩥᩮᨲᩣᨲᩥ
ᨲᩣᨲᩥ ᦃ [kʰ]
[ āā   ōō]
• • • • [ ii ēē ] • • • [ aa  u
u ēē ]
• • • • • [aa  aa] • • u āā  aa]
[u • • • [āā   ōō]
• • • u āā  ōō ]
[u • • • •
ᦅ [g]
ᨽᨾᩣᨶᨶᩴᩴ ᩮᨴᩅᩤᨶᩴ ᩈᨴᩴ ᩈᨲᩣ ᨧᩣᨲᨾᩉᩣᩁᩣᨩ
ᩉᩣᩁᩣᨩᩥᦂᦂᩣ
ᩥ ᩣ ᩮᨴᩅᩤ ᩈᨴᨾᨶᩔᩣᩮᩅᩈᩴ ᩮᨷ
u āā aa]
[u • • [ēē āā aa] • • [aa aa] • u ā]
[u • [āā  āā āā  āā]
• • • • • [ēē āā] • [aa  u
• u] • • • • [ēē] ᨥ [gʰ]
ᨲᩣᩅᨲᩈᩣ ᩮᨴᩅᩤ ᨿᩣᨾᩣ ᩮᨴᩅᩤ ᨲᩈᨲ

ᩥᨲᩣᩣ ᩮᨴᩅᩤ ᨶᨾᩥᨾᩣᨶᩁᨲ
ᨶᩁᨲᩦᩦ ᩮᨴᩅᩤ ᨷᩁᨶ
ᨷᩁᨶᩥᨾᨾᩥ ᩥᨲᩅᩈᩅᨲᩦ ᨦ [ṅ]
[āā  ii āā]
• • • [ēē āā] • [āā āā] • [ēē āā] • [ āā] • [ēē āā] • [ii āā  ] • • • [ēē āā]• [ ii  aa ] • • • •
ᨧ [c]
ᩮᨴᩅᩤ ᨻᩉᦂᩣᨿ
ᩣᨿᩥᦂᦂᩣ
ᩥ ᩣ ᩮᨴᩅᩤ ᩈᨴᨾᨶᩔᩣᩮᩅᩈᩴ ᨶᩁᩥᩁᨻᩩᨻᩮᩛᩮᨴᩤ
ᩩ ᨴᩤ ᩅᨲ ᩮᨽᩣ ᨽᦂ
ᨥᩣ ᦉ [cʰ]
[ēē āā]
• [ āā  āā] • • • [ēē āā] • [aa  u
• u] • • • • [ aa  ōō]
• • • [] [ōō] [ii  aa ōō] • • •
ᨩ [j]
ᨶᩁᩥᩁᩣᨴᩦ
ᩦ ᩮᩅᩤ ᩈᨴᩮᩥᩮᨶᨶᨶ ᦂᩃᨶᨷᩮᨲᨶ ᦀᨻ
ᦀᨻᩩᨴᩛᩩ ᩴ ᩏᨷᩤᨴᨲ
ᩥ ᩴ ᦀᩣᨴ
ᦀᩣᨴᩦᨶᨶᩮᩅᩤ
ᩦ ᩮᩅᩤ ᩏᨷᩤᨴᩮᩥᩮᨲᩣᨲᩥ
ᨲᩣᨲᩥ
[ āā   ōō]
• • • • [ ii ēē ] • • • [ aa  u
u ēē ]
• • • • • [aa  aa] • • u āā  aa]
[u • • • [āā   ōō]
• • • u āā  ōō ]
[u • • • • ᨫ [jʰ]
ᩥ ᩮᨲᨶ ᦃᩮᨱᨶ
ᦀᩥᨲᩉ ᩮᨲᨶ ᨾᩉᩮᨲᨶ ᨿᩣᩅ ᨻᩉᩮᩃᩣᦂᩣ ᩈᩮᨴᩣ ᦀᨻᩩᦅᨧᩥ ᨬ [ñ]
[] [ēē ]• [ ēē ] • • [ēē ] • u ēē ]
[ u • • • [āā ] • [ ōō āā] • • [aa ōō] • [aa u
u aa ]
• • •
ᨭ [ṭ]
1 -64 ᦀᨳ ᩮᦃᩣ ᦀᩣᨿᩈᩮᨲᩣ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶᩔ ᨷᩁᩣᨱᨴᨲᨿ

ᩥ ᦂ
ᩥᦂᩣᩣ ᨲᩔ ᦅᨻᩔ ᨮ [ṭʰ]
[] [ōō] [āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ ii aa ]
• • • [ āā  āā]
• • • [aa ] • [aa aa ] • •
ᨯ [ḍ]
ᨷᩁ
ᨷᩁᩥᨷᨷᩤᩥ ᩤᦂᨾᨿ ᨷᨲᩴ ᩅᨩᩥᨩᩣᨿᩥ
ᩣᨿᩥ ᦀᨳ ᩮᦃᩣ ᦀᩣᨿᩈᩮᨲᩣ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶᩔ ᩈᩉᩣᨿᦂᩣ ᨲᩔ
[ āā  aa ā ]
• • • • • u aa]
[u • [ āā ]
• • [] [ōō] [āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ ii aa ]• • • [ āā  āā]
• • • [aa ] • ᨰ [ḍʰ]
ᨴᩤᩁᦂᩔ ᨻᨩᩦᨩᩮᦂᩣᨲᩥ
ᩮᦂᩣᨲᩥ ᨾ
ᨾᩴᩴ ᦀᦂᩴᩈ ᦀᩣᨿᩈᩮᨲᩣ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶᩔ ᨷᩁᩣᨱᨴᨲᨿ
ᩥ ᦂ
ᩥᦂᩣᨿ
ᩣᨿ ᨱ [ṇ]
[āā  aa ]
• • • [  ōō ]
• • • [āā aa] • [ aa ]
• • [āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ ii aa ] • • • [ āā  āā ]
• • • •
ᨲ [t]
ᨻᨩᩦᨩᦂᨾᩣᨲᩣᨲᩥ
ᦂᨾᩣᨲᩣᨲᩥ ᨾ
ᨾᩴᩴ ᦀᦂᩴᩈ ᦀᩣᨿᩈᩮᨲᩣ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶᩔ ᨻᨩᩦᨩᦂᨷᩥ
ᦂᨷᨲᨲᩣᨲᩥ
ᩥ ᩣᨲᩥ ᨾ
ᨾᩴᩴ ᦀᦂᩴᩈ ᩮᨲ ᨳ [tʰ]
[  āā āā ]
• • • • [āā aa] • [ aa ]
• • [āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ ii aa ]• • • [  āā ]
• • • [āā aa] • [ aa ] • • [ēē]
ᨴ [d]
ᦀᨷᩮᩁᨶ ᩈᨾᩮᨿᨶ ᩏᩮᨽᩣ ᦀᦅᩤᩁᩈᩣ ᦀᨶᦅᩤᩁᨿ
ᩥ ᩴ ᨷᨻ
ᨷᨻᩛᨩᩛ ᨲ
ᩥᨲᩣ ᦀᩁᩉᨲᩴ ᩈᨧᩣᦂᩴᩈ
[ ēē ] • • [ ēē ] • • [ ōō]
• [ āā aa ā]
• • • [ āā  aa] • • • [aa  ii ā] • • • [ aa aa] • • [aa āā aa ]
• • •
ᨵ [dʰ]
1 -65 ᦀᨳ ᩮᦃᩣ ᦀᩣᨿᩈᩮᨲᩣ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶᩔ ᦀᩉᩮᨴᩅ ᦂᦂᩩᨧᩴ ᦀᩉ ᩅᨷᩥᨷᨭᩈᩥᩈᩣᩮᩁᩣ

ᩣᩮᩁᩣ ᨶ [n]
[] [ōō] [āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ ii aa ]
• • • [ ēē ] • • u u
[u u aa] • • [] [ii  āā ōō] • • •
ᨷ [p]
ᦀᩃᩣᨽᩣ ᩅᨲ ᩮᨾ ᨶ ᩅᨲ ᩮᨾ ᩃᩣᨽᩣ ᨴᩃᨴᩴ ᩅᨲ ᩮᨾ ᨶ ᩅᨲ ᩮᨾ ᩈᩃᨴᩴ ᨹ [pʰ]

[ āā āā]
• • [] [ēē] [] [] [ēē] [āā āā] • u aa aa]
[u • • [] [ēē] [] [] [ēē] [ aa aa] • •
ᨻ [b]
ᩮᨿᩣᩉ
ᩮᨿᩣᩉᩴᩴ ᪅ᩅ
᪅ᩅᩴᩴ ᩈᩣᦂᩣᩮᨲ ᨵᨾᩅᨶᩥᨶᩮᨿ
ᩮᨿ ᨷᨻ
ᨷᨻᩛᨩᩛ ᨲ
ᩥᨲᩣ ᩈᦂ ᨿᩣᩅᨩ
ᨿᩣᩅᨩᩦᩅᩦ ᩴ ᨷᩁ
ᨷᩁᩥᨷᨷᩥ ᨱᩴ
[ōō aa]
• [ēē aa]
• [ āā ēē] • • [aa  ēē] • • [aa  ii ā] • • • [āā aa ii] • • [āā   aa]
• • • u aa]
[ u • •
ᨽ [bʰ]
ᨷᩁ
ᨷᩁᩥᩈᩈᩥ ᨴᩴ ᨻᩉᨧᩁᩁᩥᨿᩥ ᩴ ᨧᩁ
ᨧᩁᩥᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᨶᩥ ᩮᩈᩣ ᩮᨲᩮᨶᩅ ᦂᦂᩩᩮᨧᨶ ᩮᨲᨶ ᩅᨷᩥᨷᨭᩈᩥᩈᩣᩮᩁᨶ
ᩣᩮᩁᨶ ᨾ [m]
u aa]
[ u • • [ aa] • u ]
[ u • • [ōō] [ēē ēē ] • • u u
[u u ēē ] • • • [ēē ] • [ii  āā ēē ]
• • • •
ᨿ [y]
ᦂᩥᩮᩈᩣ ᦀᩮᩉᩣᩈ
ᦀᩮᩉᩣᩈᩥᩥ ᩃᩮᦃᩣ ᨴᨻᩮᩛᩮᨱ
ᨱᩣ ᩏᨷᨱᩩᨷᨱᩩᦂᨩᩣᩮᨲᩣ ᨵᨾᨶ
ᨵᨾᨶᩥᩈᩈᨶ
ᩥ ᨶᨲᦅᩮᨲᩣ ᦀᩮᨾᩮ ᩁ [r]
[ ōō]
• [ ōō ]
• • ū ōō]
[ū • u aa ōō]
[u • • u aa u
[u u aa  āā ōō]
• • • • • • [ aa  aa ōō] • • • • [aa ōō  ōō]
• • •
ᩃ [l]
ᩃᨶᩦᨶᨾᩮ
ᨾᩮ ᨴᦂᩦ ᨴᨾᩮ ᩅᨷᩥᨷᨭᩈᩥᩈᩣᩁᩦ
ᩣᩁᩦ ᨷᨩᩣᨿᨿᩥᩥ
[  ōō]
• • u ]
[u • u  ōō]
[u • • [ii  āā ] • • • [aa āā ] • •
ᩅ [v]
1 -66 ᦀᨳ ᩮᦃᩣ ᦀᩣᨿᩈᩮᨲᩣ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶᩔ ᩈᩉᩣᨿᦂᩣ ᨽᦂ

ᩥᦂᩪ ᦀᩣᨿᩈᨶᩴ ᩈ [s]
[] [ōō] [āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ ii aa ]
• • • [ āā  āā] • • • [ii ū
ū] • [āā aa a aa]
• • •
ᩉ [h]
ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶᩴ ᪅ᨲᨴᩮᩅᩤᨧᩴ ᨷᩮᨻᨻᩛᩛ ᩮᦃᩣ ᨲᩴ ᦀᩣᩅᩮᩈᩣ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶ ᩅᨱᩅᩤ ᦀᩮᩉᩣᩈ
ᦀᩮᩉᩣᩈᩥᩥ ᨷᨱ
ᩦ ᨶᩥᨶᩥᩮᨿᩣ ᩊ [ḷ]
[ ii aa]
• • [ēē  ōō u
• u] • • u ēē]
[u • [ōō] [a] [āā  ōō]
• • [ ii ] • • [aa  āā] • • [ ōō ]
• • [ ii  ōō]
• • •
ᦀᩴ [ŋ̊]
ᨷᩈᨶᨾᦃᩅᩮᨱᩣ ᩅᨷᩥᨷᩈᨶᨫᩅᩅᩥᩅᩅᩮᨱ
ᩥ ᩮᨱᩣ ᩮᩈᩣ ᨴᩤᨶᩥ ᨲᩴ ᪅ᨲᩁᩉ
᪅ᨲᩁᩉᩥᩥ ᦂᩥᩮᩈᩣ ᩃᩮᦃᩣ
[ aa  aa ōō]
• • • • [ii  aa  aa ōō]
• • • • • [ōō] [āā ] • [a] [ēē ]
• [ ōō]• ū ōō]
[ū •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
27
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
ᨴᨻᩮᩛᩮᨱ
ᨱᩣ ᩏᨷᨱᩩᨷᨱᩩᦂᨩᩣᩮᨲᩣ ᨵᨾᨶ
ᨵᨾᨶᩥᩈᩈᨶ
ᩥ ᨶᨲᦅᩮᨲᩣ ᦀᩮᨾᩮ ᩃᨶᩦᨶᨾᩮ
ᨾᩮ ᨴᦂᩦ
u aa ōō]
[u • • u aa u
[u u aa  āā ōō]
• • • • • • [ aa  aa ōō] • • • • [aa ōō  ōō] • • • [  ōō]
• • u ]
[u •
ᨴᨾᩮ ᩅᨷᩥᨷᨭᩈᩥᩈᩣᩁᩦ
ᩣᩁᩦ ᨷᨩᩣᨿᩈ
ᨿᩈᩥᩥ ᦂᨧᩥ ᩮ ᨲᩴ ᦀᩣᩅᩮᩈᩣ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶ ᦀᨶᨽ
ᦀᨶᨽᩥᩁᩁᩮᨲᩣ
ᩥ ᩮᨲᩣ
u  ōō]
[u • • [ii  āā ] • • • [aa āā ] • • [aa ] • [ōō] [a] [āā  ōō]
• • [ ii ] • • [ ōō] •
ᨻᩉᨧᩁᩁᩥᨿᩥ ᩴ ᨧᩁᩈ
ᨧᩁᩈᩦᨲᩦ ᩥ
[ aa] • [  ] • •
1 -67 ᨶ ᩮᦃᩣ ᦀᩉ
ᦀᩉᩴᩴ ᦀᩣᩅᩮᩈᩣ ᦀᨶᨽ
ᩥ ᩮᨲᩣ ᨻᩉᨧᩁᩁᩥᨿᩥ ᩴ ᨧᩁᩣᨾ
ᨧᩁᩣᨾᩥᩥ ᦀᨲᩥ ᩮᨾ
[] [ōō] [ aa] • [āā  ōō]
• • [ ōō] • [ aa] • [ āā ]
• • [aa ] • [ēē]
ᨷᩤᨷᦂᨾᩴ ᦂᨲ
ᦂᨲᩴᩴ ᨷᩁᩣᨱᨴᨲᨿ
ᩥ ᦂ
ᩥᦂᩣᨿ
ᩣᨿ ᩮᨾᨳᩮ ᨵᩮᨾᩣ ᨷᨭ
ᨷᨭᩥᩮᩮᩈᩅᩥ
ᩥ ᩈᩅᩮᩮᨲᩣ
ᩥ ᨲᩣ ᨲᩔ ᨾᨿᩴ
[āā  aa aa]
• • • [ aa] • [ āā  āā ]
• • • • [ēē  ōō] • • [aa ōō] • [ ēē  ōō] • • • [aa ] • [aa a] •
ᦀᩣᩅᩮᩈᩣ ᦀᩉᩮᨴᩅ ᦂᦂᩩᨧᩴ ᦀᩉ ᩅᨷᩥᨷᨭᩈᩥᩈᩣᩮᩁᩣ

ᩣᩮᩁᩣ ᦀᩃᩣᨽᩣ ᩅᨲ ᩮᨾ ᨶ ᩅᨲ ᩮᨾ ᩃᩣᨽᩣ
[āā  ōō]
• • [ ēē ] • • u u
[u u aa] • • [] [ii  āā ōō]
• • • [ āā āā]
• • [] [ēē] [] [] [ēē] [āā āā] •
ᨴᩃᨴᩴ ᩅᨲ ᩮᨾ ᨶ ᩅᨲ ᩮᨾ ᩈᩃᨴᩴ ᩮᨿᩣᩉ

ᩮᨿᩣᩉᩴᩴ ᪅ᩅ
ᩮᨿ
u aa aa]
[u • • [] [ēē] [] [] [ēē] [ aa aa]
• • [ōō aa]
• [ēē aa] • [ āā ēē] • • [aa  ēē] • •
ᨷᨻ
ᨷᨻᩛᨩᩛ ᨲ
ᩥᨲᩣ ᩈᦂ ᨿᩣᩅᨩ
ᨷᩁᩥᨷᨷᩥ ᨱᩴ ᨷᩁ
ᨧᩁᩥᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᨶᩥ
[aa  ii ā]• • • [āā aa ii] • • [āā   aa]
• • • u aa]
[ u • • u aa]
[ u • • [ aa] • u ]
[ u • •
1 -68 ᦀᩃᨬᩥ ᩮᨲ ᦀᩣᩅᩮᩈᩣ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶ ᦂᦂᩩᨧᩣᨿ ᦀᩃ

ᦀᩃᩴᩴ ᩅᨷᩥᨷᨭᩈᩥᩈᩣᩁᩣᨿ
ᩣᩁᩣᨿ ᨿᩴ
[ aa ]
• • [ēē] [āā  ōō]
• • [ ii ] • • u u
[u u āā ] • • • [ aa] • [ii  āā āā ]
• • • • [aa]
ᨲᩴ ᪅ᩅ
ᩮᨿ ᨷᨻ
ᨷᨻᩛᨩᩛ ᨲ
ᩥᨲᩣ ᨶ ᩈᦂᩥᩔᩈᩈᩥᩥ ᨿᩣᩅᨩ
[a] [ēē aa]
• [ āā ēē] • • [aa  ēē] • • [aa  ii ā] • • • [] [aa ii ] • • [āā   aa]
• • • u aa]
[ u • •
ᨷᩁ
ᨧᩁᩥᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᩴ ᨶᨶ ᦀᩣᩅᩮᩈᩣ ᨽᦅᩅᨲᩣ ᦀᩮᨶᦂᨷᩁ
ᩥ ᩣᩮᨿᨶ ᩅᩁᩥᩁᩣᦅᩤ
ᩣᦅᩤᨿ
u aa]
[ u • • [ aa] • u]
[ u • [] [āā  ōō]
• • [ āā] • [ ēē  āā ēē ]
• • • • • [ āā āā ] • • •
ᨵᩮᨾᩣ ᩮᨴᩈ
ᩮᨴᩈᩥᩮᩮᨲᩣ
ᩥ ᨲᩣ ᩮ ᩈᩁᩣᦅᩤᨿ ᩅᩈᩥ ᩮᩴᩮᨿᩣᦅᩤ
ᨿᩣᦅᩤᨿ ᨵᩮᨾᩣ ᩮᨴᩈ
ᩥ ᨲᩣ ᩮ ᩈᩮᩴᩮᨿᩣᦅᩤ
ᨿᩣᦅᩤᨿ
[aa ōō] • [ēē  ōō]
• • [ōō] [ āā āā ]
• • • [ aa ōō āā ]
• • • • [aa ōō] • [ēē  ōō] • • [ōō] [aa ōō āā ] • • •
ᦀᨶᨷᩤᨴᩤᨿ ᨵᩮᨾᩣ ᩮᨴᩈ

ᩥ ᨲᩣ ᩮ ᩈᩏᨷᩤᨴᩤᨿ ᨲᨲ ᨾ ᨲᩴ ᦀᩣᩅᩮᩈᩣ ᨽᦅᩅᨲᩣ
[ āā āā āā ]
• • • • [aa ōō] • [ēē  ōō] • • [ōō] [ āā āā āā ]• • • • [aa ] • [āā ] • [a] [āā  ōō] • • [ āā] •
ᩅᩁᩥᩁᩣᦅᩤ
ᩣᦅᩤᨿ ᨵᩮᨾ ᩮᨴᩈ
ᩮᨴᩈᩥᩮᩮᨲ
ᩥ ᨲ ᩈᩁᩣᦅᩤᨿ ᩮᨧᩮᨲᩔᩈ
ᩮᨧᩮᨲᩔᩈᩥᩥ ᩅᩈᩥ ᩮᩴᩮᨿᩣᦅᩤ
ᨿᩣᦅᩤᨿ ᨵᩮᨾ ᩮᨴᩈ
ᩥ ᨲ ᩈᩮᩴᩮᨿᩣᦅᩤ
ᨿᩣᦅᩤᨿ
[ āā āā ]
• • • [aa ēē] • [ēē  ēē] • • [ āā āā ] • • • [ēē  ]
• • [ aa ōō āā ]
• • • • [aa ēē] • [ēē  ēē] • • [aa ōō āā ] • • •
ᩮᨧᩮᨲᩔᩈ
ᩮᨧᩮᨲᩔᩈᩥᩥ ᦀᨶᨷᩤᨴᩤᨿ ᨵᩮᨾ ᩮᨴᩈ
ᩥ ᨲ ᩈᩏᨷᩤᨴᩤᨿ ᩮᨧᩮᨲᩔᩈ
ᩮᨧᩮᨲᩔᩈᩥᩥ ᨶᨶ ᦀᩣᩅᩮᩈᩣ ᨽᦅᩅᨲᩣ
[ēē  ]
• • [ āā āā āā ] • • • • [aa ēē] • [ēē  ēē]• • [ āā āā āā ] • • • • [ēē  ] • • [] [āā  ōō]
• • [ āā] •
ᦀᩮᨶᦂᨷᩁ
ᩥ ᩣᩮᨿᨶ ᩁᩣᦅᩅ
ᩁᩣᦅᩅᩥᩁᩁᩣᦅᩤ
ᩥ ᩣᦅᩤᨿ ᨵᩮᨾᩣ ᩮᨴᩈ
ᩥ ᨲᩣ ᨾᨴᨶ
ᨾᨴᨶᩥᨾᨾᩥ ᨴᨿ ᨷᨷᩥᨷᩤᩤᩈᩅᩅᩥᨶᨶᨿᩣᨿ
ᩥ ᨿᩣᨿ
[ ēē  āā ēē ]
• • • • • [āā  āā āā ]
• • • • [aa ōō] • [ēē  ōō] • • [ ii  āā ] • • • • [ āā  āā ]
• • • •
ᦀᩣᩃᨿᩈᨾᦅᩣᨲᩣᨿ ᩅᨭᩩᨷᩮᨧᨴᩤᨿ ᨲᨱᩣᦂᨿᩣᨿ ᩅᩁᩥᩁᩣᦅᩤ

ᩣᦅᩤᨿ ᨶᩮᩥᩮᩁᩣᨵᩤ
ᩁᩣᨵᩤᨿ ᨶᨻᩥ ᩣᩛᩣᨿ
ᨿ
[āā  u
• u āā āā ] • • • • [aa  aa ēē āā ]
• • • • • [aa   āā ]
• • • • [ āā āā ] • • • [ ōō āā ] • • • [ii āā āā ]• • •
ᩥ ᨲᩣ ᨶᨶ ᦀᩣᩅᩮᩈᩣ ᨽᦅᩅᨲᩣ ᦀᩮᨶᦂᨷᩁ
ᩥ ᩣᩮᨿᨶ ᦂᩣᨾᩣᨶ
ᦂᩣᨾᩣᨶᩴᩴ ᨷᩉᩣᨶ
ᨷᩉᩣᨶᩴᩴ ᦀᦂᩣᨲᨲᩴᩴ
[aa ōō] • [ēē  ōō]
• • [] [āā  ōō]
• • [ āā] • [ ēē  āā ēē ]
• • • • • [āā āā aa] • • [ āā aa] • • [aa āā aa] • •
ᦂᩣᨾᩈᨬᩣᨶ
ᦂᩣᨾᩈᨬᩣᨶᩴᩴ ᨷᩁ
ᨷᩁᩥᨬᨬᩣ
ᩥ ᩣ ᦀᦂᩣᨲᩣ ᦂᩣᨾᨷ
ᦂᩣᨾᨷᩥᨷᨷᩤᩥ ᩤᩈᩣᨶ
ᩣᨶᩴᩴ ᨷᨭ
ᨷᨭᩥᩅᩥ ᨶᩥᨶᩮᨿᩣ
ᩮᨿᩣ ᦀᦂᩣᩮᨲᩣ ᦂᩣᨾᩅ
ᦂᩣᨾᩅᩥᨲᨲᦂ
ᩥ ᦂᩣᨶᨶᩴᩴ
[āā  aa āā aa]
• • • • [ ii āā] • • [aa āā āā]• • [āā  āā āā aa]
• • • • [ ōō] • [aa āā ōō] • • [āā  aa āā aa]
• • • •
ᩈᨾᦅᩣᩮᨲᩣ ᦀᦂᩣᩮᨲᩣ ᦂᩣᨾᨷᩁ

ᦂᩣᨾᨷᩁᩥᩊᩊᩣᩉᩣᨶᩴ
ᩥ ᩣᩉᩣᨶᩴ ᩅᨷᩈᩮᨾᩣ ᦀᦂᩣᩮᨲᩣ ᩮᨶᨲ
ᩮᨶᨲᩴᩴ ᦀᩣᩅᩮᩈᩣ ᦀᨷᩈᨶᩴ
u āā ōō]
[ u• • • [aa āā ōō] • • [āā  āā āā aa]
• • • • ū  ōō]
[ū • • [aa āā ōō] • • [ēē aa] • [āā  ōō]
• • [aa  aa āā aa]
• • • •
ᩅᩤ ᨷᩈᩣᨴᩤᨿ ᨷᩈᨶᩴ ᩅᩤ ᨽᩮᩥᩮᨿ

ᨿᩣᨽᩣᩅᩤᨿ ᦀᨳ ᦃᩮᩅᨲ
ᦃᩮᩅᨲᩴᩴ ᦀᩣᩅᩮᩈᩣ ᦀᨷᩈᨶᩮᨬᩅ
[āā] [ āā āā ] • • • [ aa āā aa]
• • • [āā] [ii ōō āā āā ]
• • • • [] [ē aa] • [āā  ōō]
• • [aa  aa āā aa ēē ]
• • • • • •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
28
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
ᦀᨷᩈᩣᨴᩤᨿ ᨷᩈᨶᨬ ᪅ᦂᨧᩣᨶᨶᩴᩴ ᦀᨬᨳᨲᩣᨿᩣᨲ

ᨿᩣᨲᩥᩥ
[aa  āā āā ] [ aa āā aa ] [ēē aa āā aa] [aa  aa āā āā ]
ᦂ [k]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
1 -69 ᦀᨳ ᩮᦃᩣ ᩮᨲ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩪ ᦀᩣᨿᩈᨶᩴ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶᩴ ᦀᩮᨶᦂᨷᩁ
ᩥ ᩣᩮᨿᨶ ᦃ [kʰ]
[] [ōō] [ēē] [ii ū
ū] • [āā aa a aa]
• • • [ ii aa]
• • [ ēē  āā ēē ]
• • • • •
ᦅ [g]
ᩅᦅᩥᦅᩁᩉᩥ
ᩁᩉᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᩣ ᨽᦅᩅᩮᨲᩣ ᪅ᨲᨾᨲᩴ ᦀᩣᩮᩁᩣᩮᨧᩈᩴ ᦀᨳ ᩮᦃᩣ ᨽᦅᩅᩤ ᪅ᨲᩈ ᨶᨴᩥᨴᩤᩤᩮᨶ
[ ii ā] • • [ ōō] • [ēē  aa aa]
• • • [āā ōō ēē u
• u] • • [] [ōō] [ āā] • [ēē aa i]
• • [ āā ēē] • • ᨥ [gʰ]
᪅ᨲᩈ ᨷᦂᩁᩮᨱ ᨽᦂ
ᩴ ᩴ ᩈᨶᩥᨷᩤᨲᩣᩮᨷᨲᩣ ᦀᩣᨿᩈᨶᩴ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶᩴ ᨷᨭ
ᨷᨭᩥᨷᨷᩥ ᨧᩥ ᨦ [ṅ]
[ēē aa i] [ ēē] [ii  aa aa] [aa  āā āā ēē ā] [āā aa a aa] [ ii aa] u ]
[ u
ᨧ
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
[c]
ᩈᨧᩴ ᦂᩥᩁ ᨲᩴ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶ ᨷᩁᩣᨱᨴᨲᨿ

ᩥ ᦂ
ᩥᦂᩣᨿ
ᩣᨿ ᩮᨾᨳᨶᩴ ᨵᨾᩴ ᨷᨭ
ᨷᨭᩥᩮᩮᩈᩅᩦ
ᩥ ᩈᩅᨲᩦ ᩥ ᩈᨧᩴ ᦉ [cʰ]
[aa aa] • [] [a] [ ii ] • • [ āā  āā ]
• • • • [ēē  aa] • • [aa aa] • [ ēē  ] • • • [aa aa] •
ᨩ [j]
ᨽᦅᩅᩤᨲᩥ
[ āā ] • • ᨫ [jʰ]
ᨻᩮᨴᩤ ᨽᦅᩅᩤ ᦀᨶᨶᨧᩅᦂ

ᩥᦂᩴᩴ ᩮᨾᩣᨥᨷᩁᩈᩥ ᦀᨶᨶᩮᩃᩣᨾ
ᩃᩣᨾᩥᦂᦂᩴ
ᩥ ᩴ ᨬ [ñ]
1 -70 ᩅᦅᩥᦅᩁᩉᩥ
ᩁᩉᩥ
[] u ōō]
[u [ āā] u  aa]
[ u [ōō ] [ ōō  aa]
• • • • • • • • •
ᨭ [ṭ]
ᦀᨷᨭᩁᩥᩁᨷᩴ ᦀᩔᩣᨾᨱᦂᩴ ᦀᦂᨷᩥᨿᩴ ᦀᦂᩁᨱ

ᦀᦂᩁᨱᩦᨿᩦ ᩴ ᦂᨳᨬᩥ ᨾ ᨲᩴ ᩮᨾᩣᨥᨷᩁᩈᩥ ᨮ [ṭʰ]
[aa  ū
•ū aa] • • [aa āā  aa]
• • • [ aa  aa]
• • • [  aa] • • [ aa ] • • [āā ] • [a] [ōō ] •
ᨯ [ḍ]
᪅ᩅ
ᩮᨿ ᨷᨻ
ᨷᨻᩛᨩᩛ ᨲ
[ēē aa]
• [ āā ēē] • • [aa  ēē] • • [aa  ii ā] • • • [] [aa ii ] • • [āā   aa] • • • u aa]
[ u • • ᨰ [ḍʰ]
ᨷᩁ
ᨧᩁᩥᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᩴ ᨶᨶ ᨾᨿᩣ ᩮᨾᩣᨥᨷᩁᩈᩥ ᦀᩮᨶᦂᨷᩁ
ᩣᦅᩤᨿ ᨱ [ṇ]
u aa]
[ u [ aa] u]
[ u [] [ āā] [ōō ] [ ēē  āā ēē ] [ āā āā ]
ᨲ [t]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •
ᩥ ᨲᩣ ᩮ ᩈᩁᩣᦅᩤᨿ ᩅᩈᩥ ᩮᩴᩮᨿᩣᦅᩤ
ᨿᩣᦅᩤᨿ ᨵᩮᨾᩣ ᩮᨴᩈ
ᩥ ᨲᩣ ᩮ ᩈᩮᩴᩮᨿᩣᦅᩤ
ᨿᩣᦅᩤᨿ ᨳ [tʰ]
[aa ōō] • [ēē  ōō] • • [ōō] [ āā āā ]
• • • [ aa ōō āā ]
• • • • [aa ōō] • [ēē  ōō]• • [ōō] [aa ōō āā ] • • •
ᨴ [d]
ᦀᨶᨷᩤᨴᩤᨿ ᨵᩮᨾᩣ ᩮᨴᩈ
ᩥ ᨲᩣ ᩮ ᩈᩏᨷᩤᨴᩤᨿ ᨲᨲ ᨾ ᨲᩴ ᩮᨾᩣᨥᨷᩁᩈᩥ ᨾᨿᩣ
[ āā āā āā ]
• • • • [aa ōō] • [ēē  ōō] • • [ōō] [ āā āā āā ]• • • • [aa ] • [āā ] • [a] [ōō ] • [ āā] • ᨵ [dʰ]
ᩣᦅᩤᨿ ᨵᩮᨾ ᩮᨴᩈ
ᩥ ᨲ ᩈᩁᩣᦅᩤᨿ ᩮᨧᩮᨲᩔᩈ
ᩮᨧᩮᨲᩔᩈᩥᩥ ᩅᩈᩥ ᩮᩴᩮᨿᩣᦅᩤ
ᨿᩣᦅᩤᨿ ᨵᩮᨾ ᩮᨴᩈ
ᩥᨲ ᨶ [n]
[ āā āā ]
• • • [aa ēē] • [ēē  ēē] • • [ āā āā ] • • • [ēē  ] • • [ aa ōō āā ]
• • • • [aa ēē] • [ēē  ēē]• •
ᨷ [p]
ᩈᩮᩴᩮᨿᩣᦅᩤ
ᨿᩣᦅᩤᨿ ᩮᨧᩮᨲᩔᩈ
ᩮᨧᩮᨲᩔᩈᩥᩥ ᦀᨶᨷᩤᨴᩤᨿ ᨵᩮᨾ ᩮᨴᩈ
ᩥ ᨲ ᩈᩏᨷᩤᨴᩤᨿ ᩮᨧᩮᨲᩔᩈ
ᩮᨧᩮᨲᩔᩈᩥᩥ ᨶᨶ ᨹ [pʰ]
[aa ōō āā ]
• • • [ēē  ]
• • [ āā āā āā ] • • • • [aa ēē] • [ēē  ēē] • • [ āā āā āā ]
• • • • [ēē  ]
• • []
ᨻ [b]
ᨾᨿᩣ ᩮᨾᩣᨥᨷᩁᩈᩥ ᦀᩮᨶᦂᨷᩁ
ᩥ ᩣᩮᨿᨶ ᩁᩣᦅᩅ
ᩁᩣᦅᩅᩥᩁᩁᩣᦅᩤ
ᩥ ᩣᦅᩤᨿ ᨵᩮᨾᩣ ᩮᨴᩈ
ᩥ ᨲᩣ ᨾᨴᨶ
ᨾᨴᨶᩥᨾᨾᩥ ᨴᨿ
[ āā] • [ōō ] • [ ēē  āā ēē ]
• • • • • [āā  āā āā ]
• • • • [aa ōō] • [ēē  ōō] • • [ ii  āā ] • • • •
ᨽ [bʰ]
ᨷᨷᩥᨷᩤᩤᩈᩅᩅᩥᨶᨶᨿᩣᨿ
ᩥ ᨿᩣᨿ ᦀᩣᩃᨿᩈᨾᦅᩣᨲᩣᨿ ᩅᨭᩩᨷᩮᨧᨴᩤᨿ ᨲᨱᩣᦂᨿᩣᨿ ᩅᩁᩥᩁᩣᦅᩤ
ᩣᦅᩤᨿ ᨶᩮᩥᩮᩁᩣᨵᩤ
ᩁᩣᨵᩤᨿ ᨾ [m]
[ āā  āā ]
• • • • [āā  u
• u āā āā ] • • • • [aa  aa ēē āā ]
• • • • • [aa   āā ]
• • • • [ āā āā ]
• • • [ ōō āā ]
• • •
ᨿ [y]
ᨶᨻᩥ ᩣᩛᩣᨿ
ᨿ ᨵᩮᨾᩣ ᩮᨴᩈ
ᩥ ᨲᩣ ᨶᨶ ᨾᨿᩣ ᩮᨾᩣᨥᨷᩁᩈᩥ ᦀᩮᨶᦂᨷᩁ
ᩥ ᩣᩮᨿᨶ ᦂᩣᨾᩣᨶ
ᦂᩣᨾᩣᨶᩴᩴ ᩁ [r]
[ii āā āā ]
• • • [aa ōō] • [ēē  ōō] • • [] [ āā] • [ōō ] • [ ēē  āā ēē ]
• • • • • [āā āā aa] • •
ᩃ [l]
ᨷᩉᩣᨶ
ᨷᩉᩣᨶᩴᩴ ᦀᦂᩣᨲᨲᩴᩴ ᦂᩣᨾᩈᨬᩣᨶ
ᦂᩣᨾᩈᨬᩣᨶᩴᩴ ᨷᩁ
ᨷᩁᩥᨬᨬᩣ
ᩥ ᩣ ᦀᦂᩣᨲᩣ ᦂᩣᨾᨷ
ᦂᩣᨾᨷᩥᨷᨷᩤᩥ ᩤᩈᩣᨶ
ᩣᨶᩴᩴ ᨷᨭ
ᨷᨭᩥᩅᩥ ᨶᩥᨶᩮᨿᩣ
ᩮᨿᩣ ᦀᦂᩣᩮᨲᩣ
[ āā aa]
• • [aa āā aa] • • [āā  aa āā aa]
• • • • [ ii āā] • • [aa āā āā]• • [āā  āā āā aa]
• • • • [ ōō] • [aa āā ōō] • •
ᩅ [v]
ᦂᩣᨾᩅ
ᦂᩣᨾᩅᩥᨲᨲᦂ
ᩥ ᦂᩣᨶᨶᩴᩴ ᩈᨾᦅᩣᩮᨲᩣ ᦀᦂᩣᩮᨲᩣ ᦂᩣᨾᨷᩁ
ᩥ ᩣᩉᩣᨶᩴ ᩅᨷᩈᩮᨾᩣ ᦀᦂᩣᩮᨲᩣ ᩅᩁ
ᩅᩁᩴᩴ ᩮᨲ ᩈ [s]
[āā  aa āā aa]
• • • • u āā ōō]
[ u • • • [aa āā ōō] • • [āā  āā āā aa]
• • • • ū  ōō]
[ū • • [aa āā ōō]• • [ aa] • [ēē]
ᩉ [h]
ᩮᨾᩣᨥᨷᩁᩈᩥ ᦀᩣᩈ
ᦀᩣᩈᩥᩅᩥ ᩈᩥᩈᩔ
ᩔ ᩮᨥᩣᩁᩅ
ᩮᨥᩣᩁᩅᩥᩈᩈᩔ
ᩥ ᩔ ᨾᩮᦃ ᦀᩴᦅᨩᩣᨲ
ᨩᩣᨲᩴᩴ ᨷᦂᩥᨲᩴ ᨶ ᩮᨲᩅ ᩊ [ḷ]
[ōō ]• [āā  aa ]
• • • [ōō  aa ]
• • • [ ēē] • [aa  āā aa]
• • • [aa ii aa] • • [] [ē ] •
ᦀᩴ [ŋ̊]
ᨾᩣᨲᦅᩤᨾᩔ ᦀᩴᦅᨩᩣᩮᨲ ᦀᩴᦅᨩᩣᨲ
ᨩᩣᨲᩴᩴ ᨷᦂᩥᨲᩴ ᩅᩁ
ᩅᩁᩴᩴ ᩮᨲ ᩮᨾᩣᨥᨷᩁᩈᩥ ᦂᨱᩈᨷᩔ
[āā  āā aa ]
• • • • [aa  āā ēē] • • • [aa  āā aa]
• • • [aa ii aa] • • [ aa] • [ēē] [ōō ] • [aa  aa aa ]
• • • •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
29
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
ᨾᩮᦃ ᦀᩴᦅᨩᩣᨲ
ᨩᩣᨲᩴᩴ ᨷᦂᩥᨲᩴ ᨶ ᩮᨲᩅ ᨾᩣᨲᦅᩤᨾᩔ ᦀᩴᦅᨩᩣᩮᨲ ᦀᩴᦅᨩᩣᨲ
ᨩᩣᨲᩴᩴ ᨷᦂᩥᨲᩴ
[ ēē] • [aa  āā aa]
• • • [aa ii aa] • • [] [ē ] • [āā  āā aa ]• • • • [aa  āā ēē]
• • • [aa  āā aa]
• • • [aa ii aa] • •
ᩅᩁ
ᩅᩁᩴᩴ ᩮᨲ ᩮᨾᩣᨥᨷᩁᩈᩥ ᦀᩴᦅᩤᩁᦂᩣᩈᨿᩣ ᦀᩣᨴ
ᦀᩣᨴᩥᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᩣᨿ ᩈᨾᨩᩃᨲ
ᩥᨲᩣᨿ
ᩣᨿ ᩈᩮᨩᩣᨲ
ᩈᩮᨩᩣᨲᩥᨽᨽᩥ ᨲᩣᨿ ᦀᩴᦅᨩᩣᨲ
ᨩᩣᨲᩴᩴ
[ aa]
• [ēē] [ōō ] • [aa āā  āā  āā]
• • • • • [āā ii āā ]
• • • [aa aa  āā ] • • • • [ ōō  ū
• ū āā ] • • • • [aa  āā aa]
• • •
ᨷᦂᩥᨲᩴ ᨶ ᩮᨲᩅ ᨾᩣᨲᦅᩤᨾᩔ ᦀᩴᦅᨩᩣᩮᨲ ᦀᩴᦅᨩᩣᨲ

ᨩᩣᨲᩴᩴ ᨷᦂᩥᨲᩴ ᨲᩴ ᦂᩥᩔ ᩮᩉᨲ
[aa ii aa] • • [] [ē ] • [āā  āā aa ] • • • • [aa  āā ēē] • • • [aa  āā aa]
• • • [aa ii aa] • • [aa] [ii ] • [ēē ] •
ᨲᩮᨲᩣᨶ
ᨲᩮᨲᩣᨶᩥᨴᨴᩤᩥ ᩤᨶᨬᩥ ᩮᨾᩣᨥᨷᩁᩈᩥ ᨾᩁᨱ
ᨾᩁᨱᩴᩴ ᩅᩤ ᨶᦅᩥᦅᩮᨧ
ᩮᨧᨿ ᨾᩁᨱᨾᨲᩴ ᩅᩤ ᨴᦂᩴ ᨶ
[ ōō  āā aa ]
• • • • • [ōō ] • [ aa] • [āā] [ aa  ]
• • • [ aa aa] • • [āā] u aa]
[u • []
ᩮᨲᩅ ᨲᨷᨧᨿᩣ ᦂᩣᨿᩔ ᩮᨽᨴᩤ ᨷᩁ

ᨷᩁᩴᩴ ᨾᩁᨱᩣ ᦀᨷᩤᨿᩴ ᨴᦅᨲ ᩅᨶᩥ ᨷᩥᨷᩤᩤᨲᩴ ᨶᩁᩥᩁᨿᩴ
ᨿᩴ
[ē ] • [aa aa  āā] • • • [āā aa ] • • [ēē āā] • [ aa] • [ āā] • [ āā aa]• • u  ii]
[u • • [ āā aa] • • [ aa] •
ᩏᨷᨷᩮᨩᨿ ᦀᩥᩮᨲᩣᨶ
ᨲᩣᨶᩥᨴᨴᩤᩥ ᩤᨶᨬ ᩮᦃᩣ ᩮᨾᩣᨥᨷᩁᩈᩥ ᦂᩣᨿᩔ ᩮᨽᨴᩤ ᨷᩁ
ᨷᩁᩴᩴ ᨾᩁᨱᩣ ᦀᨷᩤᨿᩴ
[ aa  ] • • • [ ōō  āā aa ]
• • • • • [ōō] [ōō ] • [āā aa ] • • [ēē āā] • [ aa] • [ āā] • [ āā aa]
• •
ᨴᦅᨲ ᩅᨶᩥ ᨷᩥᨷᩤᩤᨲᩴ ᨶᩁᩥᩁᨿᩴ

ᨿᩴ ᩏᨷᨷᩮᨩᨿ ᨲᨲ ᨾ ᨲᩴ ᩮᨾᩣᨥᨷᩁᩈᩥ ᨿᩴ ᨲᩴ
u  ii]
[u • • [ āā aa] • • [ aa] • [ aa  ] • • • [aa ] • [āā ] • [a] [ōō ] • [aa] [a]
ᦀᩈᨴᨾᩴ ᦅᩤᨾᨵᨾᩴ ᩅᩈᩃᨵᨾᩴ ᨴᨭᩩᩃᩴ ᩮᦀᩣᨴᦂᨶᩥᦂᩴ ᩁᩉᩔ

ᩁᩉᩔᩴᩴ
[ aa aa aa]
• • • [āā  aa aa]
• • • [ aa aa] • • u u
[u u aa] • • [ōō  aa  aa]
• • • • [ aa aa] • •
ᨴᨿᨴᩴᨴᨿᩈᨾᩣᨷᨲ ᩈᨾᩣᨷᨩᩥᩔᩈᩈᩥᩥ ᨻᩉᨶᩴ ᩮᦃᩣ ᨲᩴ ᩮᨾᩣᨥᨷᩁᩈᩥ ᦀᦂᩈᩃᩣᨶ

ᩃᩣᨶᩴᩴ
[ aa  āā aa ii]
• • • • • [ āā aa ii ]
• • • • ū aa]
[ ū • • [ōō] [a] [ōō ] • [ āā aa] • •
ᨵᨾᩣᨶᨶᩴᩴ ᦀᩣᨴ
ᦀᩣᨴᩥᦂᦂᨲ
ᩥ ᨲᩣ ᨷᨻᦅᩛᩴᦅᩮᨾᩣ
ᩮᨾᩣ ᩮᨶᨲ
ᩮᨶᨲᩴᩴ ᩮᨾᩣᨥᨷᩁᩈᩥ ᦀᨷᩈᨶᩴ ᩅᩤ ᨷᩈᩣᨴᩤᨿ
[aa āā aa] • • [āā  aa āā]
• • • u aa  ōō]
[u • • • [ēē aa] • [ōō ] • [aa  aa āā aa]
• • • • [āā] [ āā āā ]
• • •
ᨷᩈᨶᩴ ᩅᩤ ᨽᩮᩥᩮᨿ
ᦃᩮᩅᨲᩴᩴ ᩮᨾᩣᨥᨷᩁᩈᩥ ᦀᨷᩈᨶᩮᨬᩅ ᦀᨷᩈᩣᨴᩤᨿ
[ aa āā aa]
• • • [āā] [ii ōō āā āā ] • • • • [] [ē aa] • [ōō ] • [aa  aa āā aa ēē ]
• • • • • • [aa  āā āā ]
• • • •
ᨷᩈᨶᨬ ᪅ᦂᨧᩣᨶᨶᩴᩴ ᦀᨬᨳᨲᩣᨿᩣᨲ

ᨿᩣᨲᩥᩥ
[ aa āā aa ]
• • • • [ēē aa āā aa]
• • • [aa  aa āā āā ]
• • • • •
1 -71 ᦀᨳ ᩮᦃᩣ ᨽᦅᩅᩤ ᦀᩣᨿᩈᨶᩴ ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶᩴ ᦀᩮᨶᦂᨷᩁ

ᩥ ᩣᩮᨿᨶ ᩅᦅᩥᦅᩁᩉᩥ
ᩁᩉᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᩣ
[] [ōō] [ āā] • [āā aa a aa]
• • • [ ii aa] • • [ ēē  āā ēē ]
• • • • • [ ii ā] • •
ᨴᨻᩁᨲᩣᨿ ᨴᩮᨷᩤᩈᨲᩣᨿ ᨾᩉ
ᨾᩉᩥᨧᨧᩥ ᨲᩣᨿ ᦀᩈᨶᩩᨭᩥᨲᩣᨿ ᩈᦅᩴᦅᨱᩥ
ᨱᦂᦂᩣᨿ
ᩥ ᩣᨿ ᩮᦂᩣᩈᨩᩔ ᦀᩅᨱᩴ
u  āā ]
[u • • • u ōō  āā ]
[u • • • • [ ii  āā ] • • • • [ aa u
u  āā ]
• • • • • [aa  āā ] • • • [ōō aa aa ]
• • • [ aa aa]
• •
ᨽᩣᩈ
ᨽᩣᩈᩥᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᩣ ᦀᩮᨶᦂᨷᩁ
ᩥ ᩣᩮᨿᨶ ᩈᨽᩁᨲᩣᨿ ᩈᩮᨷᩤᩈᨲᩣᨿ ᦀᨷᩥᨧᩔ ᩈᨶᩩᨭᩔ ᩈᩮᩃᦃᩔ
[āā ii ā]
• • [ ēē  āā ēē ]
• • • • • [ āā ] • • [ ōō  āā ]
• • • • [aa ii aa ] • • • [aa u
u aa ]
• • • [aa ēē aa ] • • •
ᨵᨲᩔ ᨷᩤᩈᩣᨴ
ᩣᨴᩥᦂᦂᩔ
ᩥ ᩔ ᦀᨷᨧᨿᩔ ᩅᩁᩦ ᨿ
ᩥᨿᩣᩁᨾ
ᩣᩁᨾᩔ ᩅᨱᩴ ᨽᩣᩈ
ᨽᩣᩈᩥᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᩣ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩪᨶᩴ
[ aa ] • • [āā āā  aa ]• • • • [ aa ] • • [  āā aa aa ]
• • • • • [aa aa] • [āā ii ā] • • [ii ū
ū aa] • •
ᨲᨴᨶᨧᩅᦂ
ᩥᦂᩴᩴ ᨲᨴᨶᩮᩃᩣᨾ
ᩥ ᩴ ᨵᨾ ᦂᨳ
ᦂᨳᩴᩴ ᦂᨲᩣ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩪ ᦀᩣᨾᩮᨶᩈᩥ ᩮᨲᨶ ᩉᩥ
u  aa]
[ u • • • [ ōō  aa] • • • [aa ii] • [ aa] • [aa ā]• [ii ū
ū] • [āā aa ēē ]
• • • [ēē ]
• []
ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩮᩅ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩪᨶᩴ ᩈᦂ
ᨷᨴᩴᩴ ᨷᨬᩮᨷᩔᩣᨾ
ᨷᨬᩮᨷᩔᩣᨾᩥᩥ ᨴᩈ ᦀᨲᩅᩮᩈ ᨷᨭ
ᨷᨭᩥᨧᨧᩥ  ᩈᨥ
ᩴᨥᩈ
ᩈᨭᩩᨲᩣᨿ
[ii  ēē] • • [ii ū
ū aa] • • [ii āā  aa]
• • • [aa   āā ] • • • • [] [aa  ēē]
• • [ ii ] • • [aa  u
u  āā ]
• • • • •
ᩈᨥ
ᩴᨥᨹᩣᩈ
ᨹᩣᩈᨲᩣᨿ ᨴᨾᩴᦂᨶᩴ ᨷᦅᩃᩣᨶ
ᩣᨶᩴᩴ ᨶᦅᩥᦅᩉᩣᨿ ᩮᨷᩈᩃᩣᨶ
ᩮᨷᩈᩃᩣᨶᩴᩴ ᨽᦂ
[aa  āā  āā ]
• • • • • u aa ū
[u ū aa] • • • u  āā aa]
[u • • • [ii  āā ] • • • [ēē  āā aa]
• • • [ii ū
ū aa] • •
ᨹᩣᩈᩅᩉ
ᩥᩉᩣᩁᩣᨿ
ᩣᩁᩣᨿ ᨴᨭᩥᨭᨵᨾᩥᦂᩣᨶ
ᩣᨶᩴᩴ ᦀᩣᩈᩅᩤᨶᩴ ᩈᩅᩴᩅᩁᩣᨿ
ᩁᩣᨿ ᩈᨾᩁᩣᨿ
ᩣᨿᩥᦂᦂᩣᨶᩴ
ᩥ ᩣᨶᩴ ᦀᩣᩈᩅᩤᨶᩴ
[āā  āā āā ]
• • • • [ii  aa  āā aa]
• • • • • [āā  āā aa]
• • • [aa  āā ] • • • [aa  āā  āā aa] • • • • • [āā  āā aa]
• • •
ᨷᨭ
ᨷᨭᩥᨥ
ᩥ ᩣᨲᩣᨿ
ᨥᩣᨲᩣᨿ ᦀᨷᩈᨶᩴ ᨷᩈᩣᨴᩤᨿ ᨷᩈᨶᩴ ᨽᩮᩥᩮᨿ
ᨿᩣᨽᩣᩅᩤᨿ ᩈᨴᨾᨭᩥᨲᨿ
ᩥᨿᩣᩣ
[ āā āā ] • • • [aa  aa āā aa]
• • • • [ āā āā ] • • • [ aa āā aa] • • • [ii ōō āā āā ] • • • • [aa aa aa  āā]
• • • •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
30
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
ᩅᨶᩥᨶᨿᩣᨶ
ᨿᩣᨶᦅᩉᩣᨿ ᪅ᩅᨬ ᨷᨶ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩮᩅ ᦀᩥᨾᩴ ᩈᦂ
ᨷᨴᩴᩴ ᩏᨴᩥᩮᩈᨿᩣᨳ
[ āā u
u  āā ] [ēē aa ] [] [ii  ēē] [ aa] [ii āā  aa] u   āā ]
[u
ᦂ [k]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
1 -72 ᩮᨿᩣ ᨷᨶ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩ ᩮᨾᨳᨶᩴ ᨵᨾᩴ ᨷᨭ
ᨷᨭᩥᩮᩮᩈᩮᩅᨿ
ᩥ ᩈᩮᩅᨿ ᨷᩤᩁᩣᨩ
ᩣᨩᩥᩮᩮᦂᩣ
ᩥ ᦂᩣ ᩮᩉᩣᨲ
ᩮᩉᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᦃ [kʰ]
[ōō] [] [ii ] • [ēē  aa] • • [aa aa] • [ ēē  ] • • • [āā āā  ōō]
• • • [ōō ] •
ᦅ [g]
ᦀᩈ
ᦀᩈᩴᩅᩅᩤᩴ ᩤᩮᩈᩣᨲ
ᩈᩣᨲᩥᩥ
[ aa āā ōō ]
• • • • ᨥ [gʰ]
ᨦ [ṅ]
1 -73 ᪅ᩅᨬᩥᨴᩴ ᨽᦅᩅᨲᩣ ᨽᦂ
ᨷᨴᩴᩴ ᨷᨬᨲᩴ ᩮᩉᩣᨲ
ᩮᩉᩣᨲᩥᩥ
[ēē aa  aa]
• • • [ āā] • [ii ū
ū aa] • • [ii āā  aa]
• • • [aa aa aa] • • [ōō ] •
ᨧ [c]
ᦉ [cʰ]
1 -74 ᩈᨴᨶᩥᨶᨽᩣᨱᩅᩤᩮᩁᩣ ᨶᨭᩥᨭᩥᩮᨲᩣ ᨩ [j]
[ ii  āā  āā ōō]
• • • • • • [ii  ōō]• •
ᨫ [jʰ]
ᨬ [ñ]
ᨭ [ṭ]
( 1 -1.1.1.2
1.1.1.2))
ᨾᦂᨭᩅᩦᩅᨲ
ᨲᩩ ( 1 -1.1.1.2
1.1.1.2))
ᨮ [ṭʰ]
# # ᨯ [ḍ]
[aa •  •  • aa • ]
ᨰ [ḍʰ]
1 -75 ᩮᨲᨶ ᩮᦃᩣ ᨷᨶ ᩈᨾᩮᨿᨶ ᦀᨬᨲᩮᩁᩣ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩ ᩮᩅᩈᩣᩃ
ᩮᩅᩈᩣᩃᩥᨿᩥ ᩴ ᨾᩉᩣᩅᩮᨶ ᨱ [ṇ]
[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō] • • [ii ] • [ēē āā  aa]
• • • [ āā  ēē] • • •
ᨲ [t]
ᨾᦂᨭ ᦀᩣᨾ
ᦀᩣᨾᩥᩮᩮᩈᨶ
ᩥ ᩈᨶ ᩏᨷᩃᩣᩮᨷᨲᩣ ᨲᩔᩣ ᩮᨾᨳᨶᩴ ᨵᨾᩴ ᨷᨭ
ᨷᨭᩥᩮᩮᩈᩅᨲᩥ
ᩥ ᩈᩅᨲᩥ ᦀᨳ ᩮᦃᩣ ᩮᩈᩣ ᨳ [tʰ]
[aa  ii] • • [āā  ēē ]
• • • [ āā ēē ā] • • • [aa āā] • [ēē  aa] • • [aa aa] • [ ēē ] • • [] [ōō] [ōō]
ᨴ [d]
ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩ ᨷᨻᨱ
ᨾᨿᩴᩴ ᨶᩅᩥᩅᩤᩤᩮᩈᨲᩣ ᨷᨲᨧᩅᩦᩅᩁᩴᩁᩴ ᦀᩣᨴᩤᨿ ᩮᩅᩈᩣᩃ ᨷᨱ
ᩥᨱᩣᨿ ᨷᩤᩅᩈᩥ ᩥ ᩮᨲᨶ
[ii ] • u aa  aa]
[u • • • [ āā ēē ā]
• • • [aa    aa]
• • • • [āā āā ]
• • [ēē āā ii] • • [ii āā ] • • [āā ]
• [ēē ]•
ᨵ [dʰ]
ᩮᦃᩣ ᨷᨶ ᩈᨾᩮᨿᨶ ᩈᨾ
ᩈᨾᩛᩉ
ᩛ ᩃᩣ
ᩉ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩪ ᩮᩈᩈᨶᨧᩣᩁ
ᩮᩈᩈᨶᨧᩣᩁᩥᦂᦂᩴ
ᩥ ᩴ ᦀᩣᩉ
ᦀᩣᩉᩥᨱ
ᩥ 
ᨱ ᩮᨿᨶ ᨲᩔ ᨶ [n]
[ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  āā] • • [ii ū
ū] • [ēē āā  āā  aa]
• • • • • [āā ii aa āā]
• • • [ēē ] • [aa ] •
ᨷ [p]
ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩᩮ ᩅᩉ
ᩥᩉᩣᩮᩁᩣ
ᩣᩮᩁᩣ ᩮᨲᨶᨷᩈᩈᩴᦂᦂᨾ
ᩴ ᨾᩈ ᦀᨴᩈ ᩮᦃᩣ ᩈᩣ ᨾᦂᨭᩦ ᩮᨲ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩪ ᨴᩁᩮᨲᩣᩅ ᨹ [pʰ]
[ii  ōō]
• • [ āā ōō]• • [ēē  aa  ii ]
• • • • • [aa ] • [ōō] [āā] [aa  ] • • [ēē] [ii ū
ū] • ū  ōō ]
[ū • • •
ᦀᩣᦅᨧᩮᨶ ᨴᩈᩥᩈᩣᨶ ᩮᨿᨶ ᩮᨲ ᨽᦂ

ᩥᦂᩪ ᩮᨲᨶᨷᩈᩈᩴᦂᦂᨾᩥ
ᩴ ᨾᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᩣ ᩮᨲᩈ
ᩮᨲᩈᩴᩴ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩪᨶᩴ ᨻ [b]
[āā aa aa ēē] [ii ā ] [ēē ] [ēē] [ii ū
ū] [ēē  aa ] [ aa  ii ā] [ēē aa] [ii ū
ū aa]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
ᨽ [bʰ]
ᨷᩁᩮᨲᩣ ᦂᨭ
ᦂᨭᩥᨾᨾᩥ ᩥ ᨧᩣᩮᩃᩈ
ᨧᩣᩮᩃᩈᩥᩥ ᩮᨫᨷᨾᩥ ᨧᩣᩮᩃᩈ
ᨧᩣᩮᩃᩈᩥᩥ ᦂᨭ
ᦂᨭᩥᨾᨾᩥ ᩥ ᩮᦀᩣᨯᩥ ᨶᨾᩥ ᨲ
ᩥᨲᨾᩥ ᦀᦂᩣᩈ
ᦀᦂᩣᩈᩥᩥ ᦀᨳ ᨾ [m]
[ ōō] • [ ii ]• • [āā ēē ]
• • [ aa ] • • [āā ēē ]
• • [ ii ] • • [ ] • [ ii aa ]
• • • [ āā ]
• • []
ᨿ [y]
ᩮᦃᩣ ᩮᨲᩈ
ᩮᨲᩈᩴᩴ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩪᨶᩴ ᪅ᨲᨴᩮᩉᩣᩈ
᪅ᨲᨴᩮᩉᩣᩈᩥᩥ ᨶᩔ
ᩥ ᩈᩴᩈᨿᩴ
ᨿᩴ ᩮᦃᩣ ᩮᩈᩣ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩ ᦀᩥᨾᩔ
ᩥᩔᩣᩣ ᨾᦂᨭᨿ
ᩥᨿᩣᩣ
[ōō] [ēē aa] • [ii ū
ū aa] • • [ēē  ōō ]
• • • [ii aa  aa]
• • • [ōō] [ōō] [ii ] • [ ii āā]
• • [aa  āā] • • ᩁ [r]
ᩮᨾᨳᨶᩴ ᨵᨾᩴ ᨷᨭ
ᨷᨭᩥᩮᩮᩈᩅᨲᩦ
ᩥ ᩈᩅᨲᨲᩦ ᩥ ᪅ᦂᨾᨶᩴ ᨶᩃ
ᩥ ᨿ
ᩦᨿᩈ ᦀᨳ ᩮᦃᩣ ᩮᩈᩣ ᨽᦂ
ᩮᩅᩈᩣᩃᩥᨿᩥ ᩴ ᩃ [l]
[ēē  aa] [aa aa] [ ēē   ] [ēē  aa aa] [  ii ] [] [ōō] [ōō] [ii ] [ēē āā  aa]
ᩅ
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
[v]
ᨷᨱ
ᩥᨱᩣᨿ ᨧᩁ
ᨧᩁᩥᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᩣ ᨷᨱ
ᩥᨱᨷᩤᨲᩴ ᦀᩣᨴᩤᨿ ᨷᨭ
ᨷᨭᩥᦂᦂ
ᩥ ᨾᩥ ᩈ [s]
[ii āā ]
• • [ ii ā]
• • [ii  āā aa]
• • • [āā āā ]
• • [ ii ] • •
ᩉ [h]
1 -76 ᦀᨳ ᩮᦃᩣ ᩈᩣ ᨾᦂᨭᩦ ᩮᨿᨶ ᩮᩈᩣ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩ ᩮᨲᨶᨷᩈᩈᩴᦂᦂᨾᩥ
ᩴ ᨾᩥ ᦀᨳ ᩮᦃᩣ ᩊ [ḷ]
[] [ōō] [āā] [aa  ] • • [ēē ] • [ōō] [ii ] • [ēē  aa ]
• • • [] [ōō]
ᩮᩈᩣ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩ ᨲᩴ ᨷᨱ
ᩥᨱᨷᩤᨲᩴ ᪅ᦂᩮᨴᩈ
᪅ᦂᩮᨴᩈᩴᩴ ᨽᨬᩥᨲᩣ ᪅ᦂᩮᨴᩈ
᪅ᦂᩮᨴᩈᩴᩴ ᨲᩔᩣ ᨾᦂᨭᨿ
ᩥᨿᩣᩣ ᦀᨴᩤᩈᩥ ᦀᩴ [ŋ̊]
[ōō] [ii ] • [aa] [ii  āā aa]
• • • [ēē  ēē aa]
• • • u ii ā]
[u • • [ēē  ēē aa]
• • • [aa āā] • [aa  āā] • • [ āā ]
• •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
31
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
ᦀᨳ ᩮᦃᩣ ᩈᩣ ᨾᦂᨭᩦ ᨲᩴ ᨷᨱ
ᩥᨱᨷᩤᨲᩴ ᨽᨬᩥᨲᩣ ᨲᩔ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩᩮ ᦂᨭ ᩮᦀᩣᨯᩥ ᦀᨳ ᩮᦃᩣ
[] [ōō] [āā] [aa  ] • • [aa] [ii  āā aa] • • • u ii ā]
[u • • [aa ] • [ii  ōō] • • [ ii] • [ ] • [] [ōō]
ᩮᩈᩣ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩ ᨲᩔᩣ ᨾᦂᨭᨿ
ᩥᨿᩣᩣ ᩮᨾᨳᨶᩴ ᨵᨾᩴ ᨷᨭ
ᩥ ᩈᩅᨲᩥ
[ōō] [ii ] • [aa āā] • [aa  āā] • • [ēē  aa] • • [aa aa] • [ ēē ] • •
1 -77 ᦀᨳ ᩮᦃᩣ ᩮᨲ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩪ ᨲᩴ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩᩴ ᪅ᨲᨴᩮᩅᩤᨧᩴ ᨶᨶ ᦀᩣᩅᩮᩈᩣ ᨽᦅᩅᨲᩣ
[] [ōō] [ēē] [ii ū
ū] • [aa] [ii u
u] • [ēē  ōō u
• u] • • [] [āā  ōō]
• • [ āā] •
ᩈᦂ
ᨷᨴᩴᩴ ᨷᨬᨲᩴ ᦂᩥᩔ ᨲᩴ ᦀᩣᩅᩮᩈᩣ ᨾᦂᨭᨿ
ᨷᨭᩥᩮᩮᩈᩅᩈᩦ
ᩥ ᩈᩅᩈᨲᩦ ᩥ
[ii āā  aa]
• • • [aa aa aa] • • [ii ] • [a] [āā  ōō] • • [aa  āā] • • [ēē  aa] • • [aa aa] • [ ēē   ] • • • •
ᩈᨧᩴ ᦀᩣᩅᩮᩈᩣ ᨽᦅᩅᨲᩣ ᩈᦂ

ᨷᨴᩴᩴ ᨷᨬᨲᩴ ᨲᨬ ᩮᦃᩣ ᨾᨶᩔᨲ
ᩥᨲᩥᨿᩣ ᩮ
[aa aa] • [āā  ōō]
• • [ āā] • [ii āā  aa]
• • • [aa aa aa] • • [aa ] • [ōō] u ii  āā]
[ u • • • • [ōō]
ᨲᩁᩥᩁᨧᨧᩣᨶᦅᨲᩣᨿᩣᨲ
ᨶᦅᨲᩣᨿᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᨶᨶ ᦀᩣᩅᩮᩈᩣ ᨲᩮᨳᩅ ᨲᩴ ᩮᩉᩣᨲ
ᩮᩉᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᦀᨶᨶᨧᩅᦂ
ᩥᦂᩴᩴ ᦀᩣᩅᩮᩈᩣ
[ aa āā  āā āā ]
• • • • • • [] [āā  ōō]
• • [ ēē ] • • [aa] [ōō ] • u  aa]
[ u • • • [āā  ōō]
• •
ᦀᨶᨶᩮᩃᩣᨾ
ᩥ ᩴ ᦀᨷᨭᩁᩥᩁᨷᩴ ᦀᩔᩣᨾᨱᦂᩴ ᦀᦂᨷᩥᨿᩴ ᦀᦂᩁᨱ
ᦀᦂᩁᨱᩦᨿᩦ ᩴ ᦂᨳᨬᩥ ᨾ ᨲᩴ
[ ōō  aa] • • • [aa  ū
ū aa]
• • • [aa āā  aa]
• • • [ aa  aa]
• • • [  aa] • • [ aa ]
• • [āā ] • [a]
ᦀᩣᩅᩮᩈᩣ ᪅ᩅ
ᩮᨿ ᨷᨻ
ᨷᨻᩛᨩᩛ ᨲ
[āā  ōō]
• • [ēē aa]
• [ āā ēē] • • [aa  ēē] • • [aa  ii ā] • • • [] [aa ii ] • • [āā   aa] • • • u aa]
[ u • •
ᨷᩁ
ᨧᩁᩥᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᩴ ᨶᨶ ᦀᩣᩅᩮᩈᩣ ᨽᦅᩅᨲᩣ ᦀᩮᨶᦂᨷᩁ
ᩣᦅᩤᨿ
u aa]
[ u • • [ aa] • u]
[ u • [] [āā  ōō]
• • [ āā] • [ ēē  āā ēē ]
• • • • • [ āā āā ]
• • •
ᩥ ᨲᩣ ᩮ ᩈᩁᩣᦅᩤᨿ ᩮᨷ ᦂᩣᨾᨷᩁ
ᩥ ᩣᩉᩣᨶᩴ ᩅᨷᩈᩮᨾᩣ ᦀᦂᩣᩮᨲᩣ ᩮᨶᨲ
ᩮᨶᨲᩴᩴ ᦀᩣᩅᩮᩈᩣ
[aa ōō] • [ēē  ōō]• • [ōō] [ āā āā ] • • • [ēē] [āā  āā āā aa]
• • • • ū  ōō]
[ū • • [aa āā ōō]• • [ēē aa] • [āā  ōō]
• •
ᦀᨷᩈᨶᩴ ᩅᩤ ᨷᩈᩣᨴᩤᨿ ᨷᩈᨶᩴ ᩅᩤ ᨽᩮᩥᩮᨿ

ᦃᩮᩅᨲᩴᩴ ᦀᩣᩅᩮᩈᩣ
[aa  aa āā aa]
• • • • [āā] [ āā āā ]
• • • [ aa āā aa]
• • • [āā] [ii ōō āā āā ] • • • • [] [ē aa] • [āā  ōō]
• •
ᦀᨷᩈᨶᩮᨬᩅ ᦀᨷᩈᩣᨴᩤᨿ ᨷᩈᨶᨬ ᪅ᦂᨧᩣᨶᨶᩴᩴ ᦀᨬᨳᨲᩣᨿᩣᨲ

ᨿᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᦀᨳ ᩮᦃᩣ ᩮᨲ
[aa  aa āā aa ēē ]
• • • • • • [aa  āā āā ]
• • • • [ aa āā aa ]
• • • • [ēē aa āā aa]
• • • [aa  aa āā āā ]
• • • • • [] [ōō] [ēē]
ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩪ ᨲᩴ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩᩴ ᦀᩮᨶᦂᨷᩁ
ᩥ ᩣᩮᨿᨶ ᩅᦅᩥᦅᩁᩉᩥ
ᩁᩉᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᩣ ᨽᦅᩅᩮᨲᩣ ᪅ᨲᨾᨲᩴ ᦀᩣᩮᩁᩣᩮᨧᩈᩴ
[ii ū
ū] • [aa] [ii u
u] • [ ēē  āā ēē ]
• • • • • [ ii ā] • • [ ōō] • [ēē  aa aa]
• • • [āā ōō ēē u
•u] • •
1 -78 ᦀᨳ ᩮᦃᩣ ᨽᦅᩅᩤ ᪅ᨲᩈ ᨶᨴᩥᨴᩤᩤᩮᨶ ᪅ᨲᩈ ᨷᦂᩁᩮᨱ ᨽᦂ

ᩴ ᩴ
[] [ōō] [ āā] • [ēē aa i]
• • [ āā ēē]• • [ēē aa i]
• • [ ēē] • [ii  aa aa] • • •
ᩈᨶᩥᨷᩤᨲᩣᩮᨷᨲᩣ ᨲᩴ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩᩴ ᨷᨭ
ᨷᨭᩥᨷᨷᩥ ᨧᩥ ᩈᨧᩴ ᦂᩥᩁ ᨲᩴ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩ ᨾᦂᨭᨿ
ᩥᨿᩣᩣ ᩮᨾᨳᨶᩴ
[aa  āā āā ēē ā]
• • • • • [aa] [ii u
u] • u ]
[ u • • [aa aa] • [] [a] [ii ] • [aa  āā] • • [ēē  aa] • •
ᨵᨾᩴ ᨷᨭ
ᨷᨭᩥᩮᩮᩈᩅᩦ
ᩥ ᩈᩅᨲᩦ ᩥ ᩈᨧᩴ ᨽᦅᩅᩤᨲᩥ ᩅᦅᩥᦅᩁᩉᩥ
ᩁᩉᩥ ᨻᩮᨴᩤ ᨽᦅᩅᩤ ᦀᨶᨶᨧᩅᦂ
ᩥᦂᩴᩴ ᩮᨾᩣᨥᨷᩁᩈᩥ
[aa aa] • [ ēē  ] • • • [aa aa] • [ āā ] • • [] u ōō]
[u • [ āā] • u  aa]
[ u • • • [ōō ] •
ᦀᨶᨶᩮᩃᩣᨾ
ᩥ ᩴ ᦀᨷᨲᩁᩥᩁᨷᩴ ᦀᩔᩣᨾᨱᦂᩴ ᦀᦂᨷᩥᨿᩴ ᦀᦂᩁᨱ
ᦀᦂᩁᨱᩦᨿᩦ ᩴ ᦂᨳᨬᩥ ᨾ ᨲᩴ
[ ōō  aa] • • • [aa  ū
ū aa]
• • • [aa āā  aa]
• • • [ aa  aa]
• • • [  aa] • • [ aa ]
• • [āā ] • [a]
ᩮᨾᩣᨥᨷᩁᩈᩥ ᪅ᩅ
ᩮᨿ ᨷᨻ
ᨷᨻᩛᨩᩛ ᨲ
ᨿᩣᩅᨩᩦᩅᩦ ᩴ
[ōō ]• [ēē aa]
• [ āā ēē] • • [aa  ēē] • • [aa  ii ā] • • • [] [aa ii ] • • [āā   aa]• • •
ᨷᩁ
ᨧᩁᩥᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᩴ ᨶᨶ ᨾᨿᩣ ᩮᨾᩣᨥᨷᩁᩈᩥ ᦀᩮᨶᦂᨷᩁ
ᩥ ᩣᩮᨿᨶ
u aa]
[ u • • u aa]
[ u • • [ aa] • u]
[ u • [] [ āā] • [ōō ] • [ ēē  āā ēē ]
• • • • •
ᩣᦅᩤᨿ ᨵᩮᨾᩣ ᩮᨴᩈ
ᩥ ᨲᩣ ᩮ ᩈᩁᩣᦅᩤᨿ ᩮᨷ ᦂᩣᨾᨷᩁ
ᩥ ᩣᩉᩣᨶᩴ ᩅᨷᩈᩮᨾᩣ ᦀᦂᩣᩮᨲᩣ
[ āā āā ]
• • • [aa ōō] • [ēē  ōō]
• • [ōō] [ āā āā ] • • • [ēē] [āā  āā āā aa]
• • • • ū  ōō]
[ū • • [aa āā ōō] • •
ᩅᩁ
ᩅᩁᩴᩴ ᩮᨲ ᩮᨾᩣᨥᨷᩁᩈᩥ ᦀᩣᩈ
ᦀᩣᩈᩥᩅᩥ ᩈᩥᩈᩔ
ᩔ ᩮᨥᩣᩁᩅ
ᩮᨥᩣᩁᩅᩥᩈᩈᩔ
ᩥ ᩔ ᨾᩮᦃ ᦀᩴᦅᨩᩣᨲ
ᨩᩣᨲᩴᩴ ᨷᦂᩥᨲᩴ ᨶ ᩮᨲᩅ
[ aa] • [ēē] [ōō ]• [āā  aa ]
• • • [ōō  aa ] • • • [ ēē] • [aa  āā aa]
• • • [aa ii aa] • • [] [ē ] •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
32
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
ᨾᦂᨭᨿ
ᩥᨿᩣᩣ ᦀᩴᦅᨩᩣᩮᨲ ᦀᩴᦅᨩᩣᨲ
ᨩᩣᨲᩴᩴ ᨷᦂᩥᨲᩴ ᩅᩁ
ᩅᩁᩴᩴ ᩮᨲ ᩮᨾᩣᨥᨷᩁᩈᩥ ᦂᨱᩈᨷᩔ
[aa  āā] [aa  āā ēē] [aa  āā aa] [aa ii aa] [ aa] [ēē] [ōō ] [aa  aa aa ]
ᦂ [k]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
ᨾᩮᦃ ᦀᩴᦅᨩᩣᨲ
ᨩᩣᨲᩴᩴ ᨷᦂᩥᨲᩴ ᨶ ᩮᨲᩅ ᨾᦂᨭᨿ
ᨩᩣᨲᩴᩴ ᨷᦂᩥᨲᩴ ᦃ [kʰ]
[ ēē] • [aa  āā aa]
• • • [aa ii aa]
• • [] [ē ] • [aa  āā] • • [aa  āā ēē]
• • • [aa  āā aa]
• • • [aa ii aa] • •
ᦅ [g]
ᩅᩁ
ᩅᩁᩴᩴ ᩮᨲ ᩮᨾᩣᨥᨷᩁᩈᩥ ᦀᩴᦅᩤᩁᦂᩣᩈᨿᩣ ᦀᩣᨴ
ᦀᩣᨴᩥᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᩣᨿ ᩈᨾᨩᩃᨲ
ᩥᨲᩣᨿ
ᩣᨿ ᩈᩮᨩᩣᨲ
ᩈᩮᨩᩣᨲᩥᨽᨽᩥ ᨲᩣᨿ
[ aa] • [ēē] [ōō ] • [aa āā  āā  āā]
• • • • • [āā ii āā ]
• • • [aa aa  āā ]
• • • • [ ōō  ū
ū āā ]
• • • • • ᨥ [gʰ]
ᦀᩴᦅᨩᩣᨲ
ᨩᩣᨲᩴᩴ ᨷᦂᩥᨲᩴ ᨶ ᩮᨲᩅ ᨾᦂᨭᨿ
ᨩᩣᨲᩴᩴ ᨷᦂᩥᨲᩴ ᨲᩴ ᦂᩥᩔ ᨦ [ṅ]
[aa  āā aa]
• • • [aa ii aa] • • [] [ē ] • [aa  āā] • • [aa  āā ēē]• • • [aa  āā aa]• • • [aa ii aa] • • [aa] [ii ]•
ᨧ [c]
ᩮᩉᨲ ᨲᩮᨲᩣᨶ
ᨲᩮᨲᩣᨶᩥᨴᨴᩤᩥ ᩤᨶᨬᩥ ᩮᨾᩣᨥᨷᩁᩈᩥ ᨾᩁᨱ
ᨾᩁᨱᩴᩴ ᩅᩤ ᨶᦅᩥᦅᩮᨧ
ᩮᨧᨿ ᨾᩁᨱᨾᨲᩴ ᩅᩤ ᨴᦂᩴ ᦉ [cʰ]
[ēē ] • [ ōō  āā aa ]
• • • • • [ōō ] • [ aa] • [āā] [ aa  ]• • • [ aa aa] • • [āā] u aa]
[u •
ᨩ [j]
ᨶ ᩮᨲᩅ ᨲᨷᨧᨿᩣ ᦂᩣᨿᩔ ᩮᨽᨴᩤ ᨷᩁ
ᨷᩁᩴᩴ ᨾᩁᨱᩣ ᦀᨷᩤᨿᩴ ᨴᦅᨲ ᩅᨶᩥ ᨷᩥᨷᩤᩤᨲᩴ
[] [ē ] • [aa aa  āā] • • • [āā aa ] • • [ēē āā] • [ aa] • [ āā] • [ āā aa]• • u  ii]
[u • • [ āā aa] • • ᨫ [jʰ]
ᨶᩁᩥᩁᨿᩴ
ᨿᩴ ᩏᨷᨷᩮᨩᨿ ᦀᩥᩮᨲᩣᨶ
ᨲᩣᨶᩥᨴᨴᩤᩥ ᩤᨶᨬ ᩮᦃᩣ ᩮᨾᩣᨥᨷᩁᩈᩥ ᦂᩣᨿᩔ ᩮᨽᨴᩤ ᨷᩁ
ᨷᩁᩴᩴ ᨾᩁᨱᩣ ᨬ [ñ]
[ aa] • [ aa  ] • • • [ ōō  āā aa ]
• • • • • [ōō] [ōō ] • [āā aa ]• • [ēē āā] • [ aa] • [ āā] •
ᨭ [ṭ]
ᦀᨷᩤᨿᩴ ᨴᦅᨲ ᩅᨶᩥ ᨷᩥᨷᩤᩤᨲᩴ ᨶᩁᩥᩁᨿᩴ

ᨿᩴ ᩏᨷᨷᩮᨩᨿ ᨲᨲ ᨾ ᨲᩴ ᩮᨾᩣᨥᨷᩁᩈᩥ ᨿᩴ ᨮ [ṭʰ]
[ āā aa]
• • u  ii]
[u • • [ āā aa] • • [ aa] • [ aa  ] • • • [aa ] • [āā ] • [a] [ōō ] • [aa]
ᨯ [ḍ]
ᨲᩴ ᦀᩈᨴᨾᩴ ᦅᩤᨾᨵᨾᩴ ᩅᩈᩃᨵᨾᩴ ᨴᨭᩩᩃᩴ ᩮᦀᩣᨴᦂᨶᩥᦂᩴ ᩁᩉᩔ
ᩁᩉᩔᩴᩴ
[a] [ aa aa aa]
• • • [āā  aa aa]
• • • [ aa aa] • • u u
[u u aa] • • [ōō  aa  aa]
• • • • [ aa aa]
• •
ᨰ [ḍʰ]
ᨴᨿᨴᩴᨴᨿᩈᨾᩣᨷᨲ ᩈᨾᩣᨷᨩᩥᩔᩈᩈᩥᩥ ᩮᨶᨲ
ᩮᨶᨲᩴᩴ ᩮᨾᩣᨥᨷᩁᩈᩥ ᦀᨷᩈᨶᩴ ᩅᩤ ᨷᩈᩣᨴᩤᨿ ᨱ [ṇ]
[ aa  āā aa ii]
• • • • • [ āā aa ii ]
• • • • [ēē aa] • [ōō ] • [aa  aa āā aa]
• • • • [āā] [ āā āā ] • • •
ᨲ [t]
ᩮᨷ ᪅ᩅᨬ ᨷᨶ ᨽᦂ
ᨷᨴᩴᩴ ᩏᨴᩥᩮᩈᨿᩣᨳ ᨳ [tʰ]
[ēē] [ēē aa ]
• • [] [ii  ēē] • • [ aa]
• [ii āā  aa]
• • • u   āā ]
[u • • • •
ᨴ [d]
ᩥ ᩈᩮᩅᨿ ᦀᨶᨾᩮᩈᩣ
[ōō] [] [ii ] • [ēē  aa] • • [aa aa] • [ ēē  ] • • • [aa  ōō]• •
ᨵ [dʰ]
ᨲᩁᩥᩁᨧᨧᩣᨶᦅᨲᩣᨿᨷ
ᨶᦅᨲᩣᨿᨷᩥᩥ ᨷᩤᩁᩣᨩ
ᩮᩉᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᦀᩈ
ᩈᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᨶ [n]
[ aa āā  āā ]
• • • • • [āā āā  ōō]
• • • [ōō ] • [ aa āā ōō ]
• • • •
ᨷ [p]
1 -80 ᪅ᩅᨬᩥᨴᩴ ᨽᦅᩅᨲᩣ ᨽᦂ

ᨷᨴᩴᩴ ᨷᨬᨲᩴ ᩮᩉᩣᨲ
ᩮᩉᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᨹ [pʰ]
[ēē aa  aa]
• • • [ āā] • [ii ū
ū aa] • • [ii āā  aa]
• • • [aa aa aa]• • [ōō ] •
ᨻ [b]
1 -81 ᨾᦂᨭᩅᩦᩅᨲ
ᨲᩩ ᨶᨭᩥᨭᩥᨲᩴ ᨽ [bʰ]
[aa   aa ] • • • • [ii  aa]
• •
ᨾ [m]
ᨿ [y]
ᩁ [r]
ᩃ [l]
( 1 -1.1.1.3
1.1.1.3))
ᩈᨶᨲᨽᩣᨱᩅᩤᩁ ( 1 -1.1.1.3
1.1.1.3)) ᩅ [v]
# #
[aa •  • āā •  • āā • ] ᩈ [s]
ᩉ [h]
1 -82 ᩮᨲᨶ ᩮᦃᩣ ᨷᨶ ᩈᨾᩮᨿᨶ ᩈᨾ
ᩈᨾᩛᩉ
ᩛ ᩃᩣ
ᩉ ᩮᩅᩈᩣᩃ
ᩮᩅᩈᩣᩃᩥᦂᦂᩣ
ᩥ ᩣ ᩅᨩᩥᨷᨲᦂᩣ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩪ
[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  āā] • • [ēē āā  āā]• • • [aa  u
u  āā]
• • • • [ii ū
ū]• ᩊ [ḷ]
ᨿᩣᩅᨴᨲᩴ ᨽᨬᩈ ᨿᩣᩅᨴᨲᩴ ᩈᨷᩈ ᨿᩣᩅᨴᨲᩴ ᨿᩈ ᨿᩣᩅᨴᨲᩴ ᨽᨬᩥᨲᩣ ᦀᩴ [ŋ̊]

[āā  aa aa]
• • • u ii ]
[u • • [āā  aa aa]
• • • [ ii ]• • [āā  aa aa]
• • • [ā ii ] • • [āā  aa aa]
• • • u ii ā]
[u • •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
33
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
ᨿᩣᩅᨴᨲᩴ ᩈᨷᨲ
ᩥᨲᩣ ᨿᩣᩅᨴᨲᩴ ᨿᨲ
ᩥᨲᩣ ᦀᩮᨿᩣᨶ
ᦀᩮᨿᩣᨶᩥᩮᩮᩈᩣ
ᩥ ᩈᩣ ᨾᨶᩈ
ᨾᨶᩈᩥᩥ ᦂᩁ
ᦂᩁᩥᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᩣ ᩈᦂ
ᩥᦂᩴ
[āā  aa aa]
• • • [ ii ā] • • [āā  aa aa]
• • • [ā ii ā] • • [ ōō  ōō]
• • • [] [ ii ā]
• • [ii aa]
•
ᦀᨷᨧᦂᩣᨿ ᨴᨻᩃ
ᩛᩃᩴ ᦀᩅ
ᦀᩅᩥᦂᦂᨲ
ᩥ ᨲᩣ ᩮᨾᨳᨶᩴ ᨵᨾᩴ ᨷᨭ
ᨷᨭᩥᩮᩮᩈᩅ
ᩥ ᩈᩅᩈ ᩮᨲ ᦀᨷᩮᩁᨶ
[ aa aa āā ]
• • • • u aa a]
[u • • [ āā  aa ā]
• • • • [ēē  aa] • • [aa aa] • [ ēē ii ] • • • [ēē] [ ēē ] • •
ᩈᨾᩮᨿᨶ ᨬᩣᨲ
ᨬᩣᨲᩥᨻᨻᩥ ᩈᩮᨶᨶᨷ
ᩮᨶᨶᨷᩥᩥ ᨹᨭᩣ ᩮᨽᩣᦅᨻᩈᩮᨶᨶᨷ
ᩮᨶᨶᨷᩥᩥ ᨹᨭᩣ ᩮᩁᩣᦅᨻᩈᩮᨶᨶᨷ
ᩮᨶᨶᨷᩥᩥ ᨹᨭᩣ
[ ēē ] • • [āā ii  ēē ]
• • • • u āā]
[u • [ōō  ēē ]
• • • u āā]
[u • [ōō  ēē ]
• • • u āā]
[u •
ᦀᩣᨿᩈᨶᩴ ᦀᩣᨶᨶᩴ ᩏᨷᩈ

ᩴ ᨾᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᩣ ᪅ᩅ
᪅ᩅᩴᩴ ᩅᨴᨶᩥ ᨶ ᨾᨿ
ᨾᨿᩴᩴ ᨽᩮᨶ ᦀᩣᨶᨶ
[āā aa a aa]
• • • [āā aa aa]
• • [ aa  ii ā] • • • • [ēē aa]
• [ aa ] • • [] [ aa] • [aa ēē] • [āā aa ]
• •
ᨻᨴᦅᩁᩉ
ᩁᩉᩥᩮᩮ
ᩥ ᨶ ᨵᨾᦅᩁᩉ
ᩁᩉᩥᩮᩮ
ᩥ ᨶ ᩈᨥ
ᩴᨥᦅᩁᩉᩥ
ᦅᩁᩉᩮᩮ
ᩥ ᦀᨲᦅᩁᩉ
ᩁᩉᩥᩮᩮ
ᩥ ᨾᨿ
ᨾᨿᩴᩴ ᨽᩮᨶ ᦀᩣᨶᨶ
u  ōō]
[u • • [] [aa  ōō] • • [] [aa  ōō]• • [aa  ōō]
• • [ aa] • [aa ēē] • [āā aa ]
• •
ᦀᨶᨬᦅᩁᩉ
ᦀᨶᨬᦅᩁᩉᩥᩮᩮ
ᩥ ᨾᨿᩮᨾᩅᨾᩣ ᦀᩃᦂᩥᦂᩣ ᨾᨿ
ᨾᨿᩴᩴ ᦀᨷᨷᨬᩣ ᩮᨿ ᨾᨿ
ᨾᨿᩴᩴ ᪅ᩅ
᪅ᩅᩴᩴ ᩈᩣᦂᩣᩮᨲ
[ aa  ōō]
• • • [ ēē aa ā] • • • [ aa  āā]
• • • [ aa] • [aa  u
u āā]
• • • [ēē] [ aa] • [ēē aa]
• [ āā ēē] • •
ᨵᨾᩅᨶᩥᨶᩮᨿ
ᩮᨿ ᨷᨻ
ᨷᨻᩛᨩᩛ ᨲ
ᩥᨲᩣ ᩈᦂᩥᨾᩣ ᨿᩣᩅᨩ
ᨷᩁᩥᩈᩈᩥ ᨴᩴ ᨻᩉᨧᩁᩁᩥᨿᩥ ᩴ
[aa  ēē] • • [aa  ii ā] • • • [āā aa ii ā]
• • • [āā   aa]
• • • u aa]
[ u • • u aa]
[ u • • [ aa] •
ᨧᩁ
ᨧᩁᩥᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᩴ ᦀᩥᨴᩤᨶᩥ ᩮᨧᨷ
ᩮᨧᨷᩥᩥ ᨾᨿ
ᨾᨿᩴᩴ ᨽᩮᨶ ᦀᩣᨶᨶ ᩃᩮᨽᨿᩣᨾ ᨽᦅᩅᩮᨲᩣ ᩈᨶᩥᩮᦂ ᨷᨻ
ᨷᨻᩛᨩᨩᩛ ᩴ
u]
[ u • [ āā ]
• • [ēē ] • [ aa] • [aa ēē] • [āā aa ]• • [  āā ] • • • [ ōō] • [aa  ēē] • • [aa aa aa] • •
ᩃᩮᨽᨿᩣᨾ ᩏᨷᩈᨾᨴᩴ ᦀᩥᨴᩤᨶᨷᩥ ᩥ ᨾᨿ

ᨾᨿᩴᩴ ᩅᨷᩥᨷᩔᦂᩣ
ᩔᦂᩣ ᦂᩈᩃᩣᨶ
ᩃᩣᨶᩴᩴ ᨵᨾᩣᨶᨶᩴᩴ
[  āā ]
• • • [ aa  aa] • • • [ āā ]
• • [ aa] • [ aa  āā]
• • • [ āā aa] • • [aa āā aa] • •
ᨷᨻᩁᩛᩁᨲ
ᨲᩣᨷᩁᩁᨲᩴ ᩮᨻᩣᨵ
ᩮᨻᩣᨵᩥᨷᨷᦂ
ᩥ ᦂᩥᦂᩣᨶ
ᩣᨶᩴᩴ ᨵᨾᩣᨶᨶᩴᩴ ᨽᩣᩅᨶᩮᨿᩣᦅᨾᨶᨿᨲᩣ ᩅᩉ
ᩥᩉᩮᩁᨿ
ᩮᩁᨿᩣᨾ
u  aa āā  aa aa]
[u • • • • • • [ōō  aa  āā aa]
• • • • • [aa āā aa] • • [āā  āā  ōō  u
• u āā]• • • • • • [  āā ] • • •
ᩈᩣᨵ ᨽᩮᨶ ᦀᩣᨶᨶ ᨽᦅᩅᩮᨲᩣ ᪅ᨲᨾᨲᩴ ᦀᩣᩮᩁᩣᩮᨧᩉ

ᦀᩣᩮᩁᩣᩮᨧᩉᩦᨲᩦ ᩥ ᪅ᩅᨾᩣᩅᩮᩈᩣᨲ
ᩈᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᩮᦃᩣ ᦀᩣᨿᩈᩣ
[āā ]
• [aa ēē] • [āā aa ]• • [ ōō] • [ēē  aa aa]
• • • [āā ōō ēē  ]
• • • • [ēē  āā  ōō ]
• • • • • [ōō] [āā aa ā]
• •
ᦀᩣᨶᩮ ᩮᩅᩈᩣᩃ
ᩮᩅᩈᩣᩃᩥᦂᦂᩣᨶᩴ
ᩥ ᩣᨶᩴ ᩅᨩᩥᨷᨲᦂᩣᨶ
ᩣᨶᩴᩴ ᨷᨭ
ᨷᨭᩥᩔ
ᩥ ᨱᨲ
ᩔ ᩥᨲᩣ ᩮᨿᨶ ᨽᦅᩅᩤ ᩮᨲᨶᨷᩈᩈᩴᦂᦂᨾᩥ
ᩴ ᨾᩥ
[āā aa ōō]
• • [ēē āā  āā aa]
• • • • [aa  u
u  āā aa]• • • • • [ ii  ii ā]
• • • • [ēē ] • [ āā] • [ēē  aa ]
• • •
ᩏᨷᩈ
ᩴ ᨾᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᩣ ᨽᦅᩅᩮᨲᩣ ᪅ᨲᨾᨲᩴ ᦀᩣᩮᩁᩣᩮᨧᩈ
[ aa  ii ā]
• • • • [ ōō] • [ēē  aa aa]
• • • [āā ōō ēē ]
• • •
1 -83 ᦀᨭᩣᨶᩮᨾᨲ
ᨶᩮᨾᨲᩴᩴ ᦀᩣᨶᨶ ᦀᨶᩅᦂᩣᩮᩈᩣ ᨿᩴ ᨲᨳᩣᦅᩮᨲᩣ ᩅᨩᩦᨶᩴ ᩅᩤ
[aa āā  ēē aa]
• • • • [āā aa ]• • [ āā ōō] • • [aa] [ āā  ōō] • • • [aa  aa] • • [āā]
ᩅᨩᩥᨷᨲᦂᩣᨶ
ᩣᨶᩴᩴ ᩅᩤ ᦂᩣᩁᨱᩣ ᩈᩣᩅᦂᩣᨶ
ᩈᩣᩅᦂᩣᨶᩴᩴ ᨷᩤᩁᩣᨩ
ᩣᨩᩥᦂᦂᩴ
ᩥ ᩴ ᩈᦂ
ᨷᨴᩴᩴ ᨷᨬᨲᩴ ᩈᨾᩉᩮᨶᨿᩣᨲᨲᩥᩥ
[aa  u
u  āā aa]
• • • • • [āā] [āā  āā] • • [āā  āā aa]
• • • [āā āā  aa]
• • • [ii āā  aa]• • • [aa aa aa]
• • ū   āā ]
[ ū • • • • •
1 -84 ᦀᨳ ᩮᦃᩣ ᨽᦅᩅᩤ ᪅ᨲᩈ ᨶᨴᩥᨴᩤᩤᩮᨶ ᪅ᨲᩈ ᨷᦂᩁᩮᨱ ᨵᨾ ᦂᨳ

ᦂᨳᩴᩴ
[] [ōō] [ āā] • [ēē aa i]
• • [ āā ēē] • • [ēē aa i]
• • [ ēē] • [aa ii] • [ aa] •
ᦂᨲᩣ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩪ ᦀᩣᨾᩮᨶᩈᩥ ᩮᨿᩣ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩮᩅ ᩈᦂ
ᩥᦂᩴ ᦀᨷᨧᦂᩣᨿ ᨴᨻᩃ
ᩥ ᨲᩣ
[aa ā]• [ii ū
ū] • [āā aa ēē ]
• • • [ōō] [ii  ēē] • • [ii aa] • [ aa aa āā ]
• • • • u aa a]
[u • • [ āā  aa ā]
• • • •
ᩥ ᩈᩅᨲᩥ ᩮᩈᩣ ᦀᩣᦅᩮᨲᩣ ᨶ ᩏᨷᩈᨾᩤᩮᨴᨲᩮᨻ
ᨴᨲᩮᨻᩛᩣᩛ ᩮᨿᩣ ᨧ ᩮᦃᩣ
[ēē  aa] • • [aa aa] • [ ēē ] • • [ōō] [āā  ōō] • • [] [ aa āā ēē aa ōō]
• • • • • [ōō] [] [ōō]
ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩮᩅ ᩈᦂ
ᩥᦂᩴ ᨷᨧᦂᩣᨿ ᨴᨻᩃ
ᩛᩃᩴ ᦀᩣᩅ
ᦀᩣᩅᩥᦂᦂᨲ
ᩥ ᩈᩅᨲᩥ ᩮᩈᩣ
[ii  ēē] • • [ii aa] • [aa aa āā ] • • • u aa a]
[u • • [āā  aa ā]
• • • [ēē  aa] • • [aa aa] • [ ēē ] • • [ōō]
ᦀᩣᦅᩮᨲᩣ ᩏᨷᩈᨾᩤᩮᨴᨲᩮᨻ
ᨴᨲᩮᨻᩛᩣᩛ ᪅ᩅᨬ ᨷᨶ ᨽᦂ
ᨷᨴᩴᩴ ᩏᨴᩥᩮᩈᨿᩣᨳ
[āā  ōō]
• • [ aa āā ēē aa ōō] • • • • • [ēē aa ]
• • [] [ii  ēē] • • [ aa]• [ii āā  aa] • • • u   āā ]
[u • • • •
ᩥᦂᩩ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩣᩈᩣᨩ
ᩈᩣᨩᩦᩅᩅᩈᨾᩣᨷᩮ
ᩦ ᩈᨾᩣᨷᩮ ᩈᦂ
ᩥᦂᩴ
[ōō] [] [ii ] • [ii ū
ū aa] • • [ii āā āā   āā aa ōō]
• • • • • • • [ii aa] •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
34
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
ᦀᨷᨧᦂᩣᨿ ᨴᨻᩃ
ᩥ ᩈᩮᩅᨿ ᦀᨶᨾᩮᩈᩣ
[ aa aa āā ] u aa a]
[u [ āā  aa ā] [ēē  aa] [aa aa] [ ēē  ] [aa  ōō]
ᦂ [k]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
ᨲᩁᩥᩁᨧᨧᩣᨶᦅᨲᩣᨿᨷ
ᨶᦅᨲᩣᨿᨷᩥᩥ ᨷᩤᩁᩣᨩ
ᩮᩉᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᦀᩈ
ᩈᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᦃ [kʰ]
[ aa āā  āā ]
• • • • • [āā āā  ōō]• • • [ōō ] • [ aa āā ōō ]
• • • •
(1:1)
ᦅ [g]
1 -86 ᩮᨿᩣ ᨷᨲ
ᨷᨲᩥᩥ ᩮᨿᩣ ᨿᩣᨴ
ᨿᩣᨴᩥᩮᩮᩈᩣ
ᩥ ᩈᩣ ᨿᨳᩣᨿᩮᨲᩣ ᨿᨳᩣᨩᩮᨧᩣ ᨿᨳᩣᩮᨾᩣ
[ōō] [ āā ] • • [ōō] [āā  ōō]
• • [ āā u
u ōō] • • • [ āā aa ōō]
• • • [ āā āā ōō]
• • • ᨥ [gʰ]
ᨿᨳᩣᩮᦅᩤᩮᨲᩣ ᨿᨳᩣᩈ
ᨿᨳᩣᩈᩦᩮᩮᩃᩣ
ᩦ ᩃᩣ ᨿᨳᩣᩅ
ᨿᨳᩣᩅᩥᩉ
ᩥ ᩣᩁᩦ
ᩉᩣᩁᩦ ᨿᨳᩣᩮᦅᩤᨧᩮᩁᩣ ᩮᨳᩮᩁᩣ ᩅᩤ ᨶᩮᩅᩤ ᩅᩤ ᨾᨩᩥᩮᨾᩣ ᩅᩤ ᨦ [ṅ]
[ āā  ōō] [ āā  ōō] [ āā  āā ] [ āā ōō  ōō] [ēē ōō] [āā] [ ōō] [āā] [aa  ōō] [āā]
ᨧ
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
[c]
᪅ᩮᩈᩣ ᩅᨧᨲᩥ ᩮᨿᩣ ᨷᨲ

ᨷᨲᩥᩥ ᦉ [cʰ]
[ēē ōō]
• u ]
[u • [ōō] [ āā ] • •
ᨩ [j]
1 -87 ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩪᨲᩥ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩮᦂᩣᨲ
ᦂᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩣᨧᩁ
ᨧᩁᩥᨿᩥ ᩴ ᦀᨩᩩᨷᦅᩮᨲᩣᨲ
ᦅᩮᨲᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩ ᨫ [jʰ]
[ii ū
ū ] • • [ii  ōō ] • • • [ii ] • [ii āā  aa] • • • [aa  ōō ]
• • • [ii ] •
ᨽᨶᩥᨶᨷᨭᨵᩮᩁᩣᨲ
ᨭᨵᩮᩁᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩ ᩈᨾᨬᩣᨿ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩ ᨷᨭ
ᨷᨭᩥᨬᨬᩣᨿ
ᩥ ᩣᨿ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩ ᪅ᩉ
᪅ᩉᩥᩥ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩪᨲᩥ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩ ᨬ [ñ]
[ii  ōō ] [ii ] [ aa āā ] [ii ] [ ii āā ] [ii ] [ēē ] [ii ū
ū ] [ii ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
ᨭ [ṭ]
ᩦ ᩥ ᩈᩁᨱᦅᨾᩮᨶᩉ
ᨲᩉ ᩈᩁᨱᦅᨾᩮᨶᩉᩥᩥ ᩏᨷᩈᨾᩮᨲᩥ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩ ᨽᩮᨴᩣ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩ ᩈᩣᩮᩁᩣ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩ ᩮᩈᩮᦃᩣ ᨮ [ṭʰ]
[ ]• [ ēē ] • • [ aa aa ōō ]
• • • • [ii ] • [aa ō] • [ii ] • [āā ōō] • [ii ] • [ēē ōō] •
ᨯ [ḍ]
ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩ ᦀᩮᩈᩮᦃᩣ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩ ᩈᨾᩮᦅᨶ ᩈᩮᩴᩮᨥᨶ
ᨥᨶ ᨬᨲᩥᨧᨲᩮᨲᨶ ᦂᩮᨾᨶ ᦀᦂᩮᨷᨶ
[ii ] • [ ēē ōō]
• • [ii ] • [ aa ēē ]
• • • [aa ēē ] • • [aa  u
u ēē ]
• • • • [aa ēē ] • • u ēē ]
[ u • • • ᨰ [ḍʰ]
ᨮᩣᩁᩮᩉᨶ ᩏᨷᩈᨾᩮᨲᩥ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩ ᨲᨲ ᨿᩣᨿᨿᩴᩴ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩ ᩈᨾᩮᦅᨶ ᩈᩮᩴᩮᨥᨶ
ᨥᨶ ᨱ [ṇ]
[āā āā  ēē ] [ aa aa ōō ] [ii ] [aa ] [ā aa] [ii ] [ aa ēē ] [aa ēē ]
ᨲ [t]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
ᨬᨲᩥᨧᨲᩮᨲᨶ ᦂᩮᨾᨶ ᦀᦂᩮᨷᨶ ᨮᩣᩁᩮᩉᨶ ᩏᨷᩈᨾᩮ ᦀᨿ

ᦀᨿᩴᩴ ᦀᩥᨾᩈ ᦀᩮᨲ ᨳ [tʰ]
[aa  u
u ēē ]
• • • • [aa ēē ] • • u ēē ]
[ u • • • [āā āā  ēē ]
• • • • [ aa aa ōō] • • • [ aa] • [ aa i]
• • [aa ēē]
•
ᨴ [d]
ᦀᨵ
ᦀᨵᩥᩮᩮᨷ
ᩥ ᨷᩮᨲᩣ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩪᨲᩥ
[ ii ēē ōō]
• • • [ii ū
ū ] • • ᨵ [dʰ]
1 -88 ᩈᦂ
ᩥᦂᩣᨲᨲᩥᩥ ᨲᩮᩥᩮᩔᩣ
ᩔᩣ ᩈᦂ
ᩥᦂᩣ ᦀᨵ
ᦀᨵᩥᩈᩥ ᩃ
ᩦᩃᩈᩥᩈᦂᦂ
ᩥ ᩣ ᦀᨵ
ᦀᨵᩥᨧᩥ ᨲ
ᩥᨲᩈᦂ
ᩥᦂᩣ ᦀᨵ
ᦀᨵᩥᨷᨷᨬᩣᩈᩥ
ᩥ ᨬᩣᩈᦂᦂ
ᩥ ᩣ ᨶ [n]
[ii āā ] [ii ōō] [ii āā] [   ii āā] [ ii  ii āā] [ aa āā ii āā]
ᨷ
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
[p]
ᨲᨲ ᨿᩣᨿ
ᨿᩣᨿᩴᩴ ᦀᨵ
ᦀᨵᩥᩈᩥ ᩃ
ᩦᩃᩈᩥᩈᦂᦂ
ᩥ ᩣ ᦀᨿ
ᦀᨿᩴᩴ ᦀᩥᨾᩈ ᦀᩮᨲ ᦀᨵ
ᦀᨵᩥᩮᩮᨷ
ᩥ ᨷᨲᩣ ᩈᦂ
ᩥᦂᩣᨲᨲᩥᩥ ᨹ [pʰ]
[aa ]
• [āā aa] • [   ii āā]
• • • • [ aa] • [ aa i]
• • [aa ēē] • [ ii ēē āā]
• • • [ii āā ] • •
ᨻ [b]
1 -89 ᩈᩣᨩ
ᩈᩣᨩᩦᩅᩦ ᩴ ᨾ ᨿᩴ ᨽᦅᩅᨲᩣ ᨷᨬᨲᩴ ᩈᦂ
ᨷᨴᩴᩴ ᪅ᨲ
᪅ᨲᩴᩴ ᩈᩣᨩ
ᩈᩣᨩᩦᩅᩦ ᩴ ᨽ [bʰ]
[āā  aa] • • [āā ] • [aa] [ āā] • [aa aa aa] • • [ii āā  aa]
• • • [ēē aa]• [āā  aa]
• •
ᨾ ᨲᩈ ᩈᦂ
ᩥᦂᨲᩥ ᩮᨲᨶ ᩅᨧᨲᩥ ᩈᩣᨩ
ᩈᩣᨩᩦᩅᩅᩈᨾᩣᨷᩮ
ᩦ ᩈᨾᩣᨷᩮᨲᩥ ᨾ [m]
[āā ] [aa i] [ii ] [ēē ] u ]

[u [āā   āā aa ōō ]
ᨿ [y]
• • • • • • • • • • •
1 -90 ᩈᦂ
ᩥ ᨲᩣᨲᨲᩥᩥ ᦀᨲᩥ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩮᩅ ᩁ [r]
[ii aa] • [ aa aa āā ]
• • • • u aa a]
[u • • [ āā  aa ā ]
• • • • • [aa ] • [ii  ēē] • •
ᩃ [l]
ᨴᨻᩃ
ᩛᩃᩣᩅᩅᩥᦂᦂᨾ
ᩥ ᨾᩮᨬᩅ ᩮᩉᩣᨲ
ᩮᩉᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᩈᦂ
ᩥᦂᩣ ᨧ ᦀᨷᨧᦂᩣᨲᩣ ᦀᨲᩥ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩮᩅ ᩅ [v]
u aa ā  aa aa ēē ]
[u • • • • • • • [ōō ] • [ii āā] • [] [ aa aa āā āā]
• • • • [aa ] • [ii  ēē] • •
ᩈ [s]
ᨴᨻᩃ
ᩥᦂᩣ ᨧ ᨷᨧᦂᩣᨲᩣ
u aa ā  aa aa ēē ]
[u [ōō ] [ii āā] [] [aa aa āā āā]
• • • • • • • • • • • •
ᩉ [h]
1 -91 ᦂᨳᨬ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩮᩅ ᨴᨻᩃ
ᩥᦂᩣ ᨧ ᩊ [ḷ]
[ aa ] • • [ii  ēē] • • u aa ā  aa aa ēē ]
[u • • • • • • • [ōō ] • [ii āā] • []
ᦀᩴ [ŋ̊]
ᦀᨷᨧᦂᩣᨲᩣ ᦀᩥᨵ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩ ᩏᦂᨱᩥᩮᨲᩣ ᦀᨶᨽ
ᩥ ᩮᨲᩣ ᩈᩣᨾᨬᩣ ᨧᩅ
ᨧᩅᩥᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᦂᩣᩮᨾᩣ
[ aa aa āā āā]
• • • • [] [ii  ēē] • • [ii ] • u aa  ōō]
[u • • • [ ōō] • [āā aa āā]
• • [ āā ōō] • •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
35
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩᨽᩣᩅ
ᩣᩅᩴᩴ ᦀᨭᩦᨿᨾᩣᩮ ᩉᩁᩣᨿᨾᩣᩮ ᨩᦅᩥᦅᨧᨾᩣᩮ ᦅᩥᩉᨽᩥᨽᩣᩅᩴ
ᩣᩅᩴ ᨷᨲᨿᨾᩣᩮ
[ii  āā aa]• • • [aa   āā ōō]
• • • • [ āā  āā ōō] • • • • u  āā ōō]
[ u • • • • [ āā aa] • • [aa  āā ōō] • • •
ᩏᨷᩤᩈᦂᨽᩣᩅ
ᦂᨽᩣᩅᩴᩴ ᨷᨲᨿᨾᩣᩮ ᦀᩣᩁᩣᨾ
ᦀᩣᩁᩣᨾᩥᦂᦂᨽᩣᩅᩴ
ᩥ ᨽᩣᩅᩴ ᨷᨲᨿᨾᩣᩮ ᩈᩣᨾᩮᨱᩁᨽᩣᩅ
ᩈᩣᨾᩮᨱᩁᨽᩣᩅᩴᩴ ᨷᨲᨿᨾᩣᩮ
[ āā  āā aa]
• • • • [aa  āā ōō] • • • [āā āā  āā aa]
• • • • [aa  āā ōō] • • • [āā  ēē  āā aa]
• • • • • [aa  āā ōō] • • •
ᨲᨲ
ᩥᨲᩥᨿᨽᩣᩅ
ᨽᩣᩅᩴᩴ ᨷᨲᨿᨾᩣᩮ ᨲᨲ
ᩥᨲᩥᨿᩈᩣᩅᦂᨽᩣᩅ
ᩈᩣᩅᦂᨽᩣᩅᩴᩴ ᨷᨲᨿᨾᩣᩮ ᦀᩔᨾᨱᨽᩣᩅ
ᦀᩔᨾᨱᨽᩣᩅᩴᩴ
[ii  āā aa]
• • • [aa  āā ōō] • • • [ii  āā  āā aa]
• • • • • [aa  āā ōō] • • • [aa  āā aa]
• • •
ᨷᨲᨿᨾᩣᩮ ᦀᩈᦂᨷᨲᩥᨿᨽᩣᩅ
ᨽᩣᩅᩴᩴ ᨷᨲᨿᨾᩣᩮ ᨿᨶᩪᩉ
ᩉᩴᩴ ᨻᨴᩴ ᨷᨧᩮᦂᨿᨶᩥ
[aa  āā ōō]
• • • [ aa  u
•u  āā aa] • • • • • [aa  āā ōō] • • • [aa ū
ū āā aa] • • • u aa]
[u • [aa aa  aa ]
• • • •
ᩅᨴᨲ
ᩅᨴᨲᩥᩥ ᩅᨬᩥᨬᩣᩮᨷᨲᩥ
ᩣᩮᨷᨲᩥ ᪅ᩅᨾᩥ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩣ ᨧ
[] [ii āā ēē ]• • • [ēē aa ]
• • [ii  ēē] • • u aa ā  aa aa ēē ]
[u • • • • • • • [ōō ]
• [ii āā] • []
ᦀᨷᨧᦂᩣᨲᩣ
[ aa aa āā āā]
• • • •
1 -92 ᦀᨳ ᩅᩤ ᨷᨶ ᩏᦂᨱᩥᩮᨲᩣ ᦀᨶᨽ

ᨧᩅᩥᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᦂᩣᩮᨾᩣ ᨽᦂ
ᩣᩅᩴᩴ
[] [āā] [] u aa  ōō]
[u • • • [ ōō] • [āā aa āā] • • [ āā ōō] • • [ii  āā aa] • • •
ᦀᨭᩦᨿᨾᩣᩮ ᩉᩁᩣᨿᨾᩣᩮ ᨩᦅᩥᦅᨧᨾᩣᩮ ᦅᩥᩉᨽᩥᨽᩣᩅᩴ

ᩣᩅᩴ ᨷᨲᨿᨾᩣᩮ ᩮᨷ ᦀᩈᦂᨷᨲᩥᨿᨽᩣᩅ
ᨽᩣᩅᩴᩴ
[aa   āā ōō]
• • • • [ āā  āā ōō]
• • • • u  āā ōō]
[ u • • • • [ āā aa] • • [aa  āā ōō] • • • [ēē] [ aa  u
• u  āā aa]
• • • • •
ᨷᨲᨿᨾᩣᩮ ᨿᨶᩪᩉ
ᩉᩴᩴ ᨵᨾᩴ ᨷᨧᩮᦂᨿᨶᩥ ᩅᨴᨲ
ᩣᩮᨷᨲᩥ ᩮᨷ ᨿᨶᩪᩉ
ᩉᩴᩴ
[aa  āā ōō]
• • • [aa ū
ū āā aa] • • • [aa aa] • [aa aa  aa ]
• • • • [] [ii āā ēē ]
• • • [ēē] [aa ū
ū āā aa] • • •
ᩈᨥ
ᩴ ᩴ ᨿᨶᩪᩉ
ᩉᩴᩴ ᩈᦂ
ᩥᦂᩴ ᨿᨶᩪᩉ
ᩉᩴᩴ ᩅᨶᩥᨶᨿᩴ
ᨿᩴ ᨿᨶᩪᩉ
ᩉᩴᩴ ᨷᩤᨲᩮᩥᩮᨾᩣᦂ
ᨾᩣᦂᩴ ᨿᨶᩪᩉ
ᩉᩴᩴ
[aa aa] • [aa ū
ū āā aa] • • • [ii aa] • [aa ū
ū āā aa] • • • [ aa] • [aa ū
ū āā aa] • • • [āā   aa] • • • [aa ū
ū āā aa] • • •
ᩏᩮᨴᩈᩴ ᨿᨶᩪᩉ
ᩉᩴᩴ ᩏᨷᨩᩣᨿᨿᩴᩴ ᨿᨶᩪᩉ
ᩉᩴᩴ ᦀᩣᨧᩁ
ᦀᩣᨧᩁᩥᨿᩥ ᩴ ᨿᨶᩪᩉ
ᩉᩴᩴ ᩈᨴᩥᩅᩉ
ᩥᩉᩣᩁᩥ
ᩣᩁᦂᦂᩴ
ᩥ ᩴ
u ēē aa]
[u • • [aa ū
ū āā aa] • • • [ aa āā aa]
• • • [aa ū
ū āā aa] • • • [āā  aa]
• • [aa ū
ū āā aa] • • • [aa  āā  aa]
• • • •
ᨿᨶᩪᩉ
ᩉᩴᩴ ᦀᩮᨶᩅᩤᩈᦂ
ᩥᦂᩴᩴ ᨿᨶᩪᩉ
ᩉᩴᩴ ᩈᨾᩣᨶᨷᨩᩣᨿᦂᩴ ᨿᨶᩪᩉ
ᩉᩴᩴ ᩈᨾᩣᨧᩁ
ᩈᨾᩣᨧᩁᩥᨿᨿᦂᩴ
ᩥ ᦂᩴ
[aa ū
ū āā aa]• • • [aa ēē āā  aa]
• • • • [aa ū
ū āā aa] • • • [ āā  aa āā  aa]
• • • • • • [aa ū
ū āā aa]
• • • [ āā āā  aa]
• • • •
ᨿᨶᩪᩉ
ᩉᩴᩴ ᩈᨻᩉᨧᩣᩁ ᨷᨧᩮᦂᨿᨶᩥ ᩅᨴᨲ
ᩣᩮᨷᨲᩥ ᨿᨶᩪᩉ
ᩉᩴᩴ ᦅᩥᩉᩦ ᦀᩔᨶᩥ
[aa ū
ū āā aa]• • • [ āā ii] • • [aa aa  aa ] • • • • [] [ii āā ēē ] • • • [aa ū
ū āā aa]
• • • [ ] • [aa aa ]
• •
ᩅᨴᨲ
ᩣᩮᨷᨲᩥ ᨿᨶᩪᩉ
ᩉᩴᩴ ᩏᨷᩤᩈᩮᦂᩣ ᦀᩔᨶᩥ ᨿᨶᩪᩉ
ᩉᩴᩴ ᦀᩣᩁᩣᨾ
ᦀᩣᩁᩣᨾᩥᩮᩮᦂᩣ
ᩥ ᦂᩣ ᦀᩔᨶᩥ
[] [ii āā ēē ]• • • [aa ū
ū āā aa] • • • [ āā  ōō]
• • • [aa aa ]
• • [aa ū
ū āā aa] • • • [āā āā  ōō]
• • • [aa aa ]
• •
ᨿᨶᩪᩉ
ᩉᩴᩴ ᩈᩣᨾᩮᨱᩮᩁᩣ ᦀᩔᨶᩥ ᨿᨶᩪᩉ
ᩉᩴᩴ ᨲᨲ
ᩥᨲᩥᩮᨿᩣ ᦀᩔᨶᩥ ᨿᨶᩪᩉ
ᩉᩴᩴ ᨲᨲ
ᩥᨲᩥᨿᩈᩣᩅᩮᦂᩣ
[aa ū
ū āā aa]• • • [āā  ēē ōō]
• • • [aa aa ]
• • [aa ū
ū āā aa] • • • [ii  ōō] • • [aa aa ]
• • [aa ū
ū āā aa] • • • [ii  āā  ōō]
• • • •
ᦀᩔᨶᩥ ᨿᨶᩪᩉ
ᩉᩴᩴ ᦀᩔᨾᩮᨱᩣ ᦀᩔᨶᩥ ᨿᨶᩪᩉ
ᩉᩴᩴ ᦀᩈᦂᨷᨲᩥᩮᨿᩣ ᦀᩔᨶᩥ ᩅᨴᨲ
ᩅᨴᨲᩥᩥ
[aa aa ]
• • [aa ū
ū āā aa] • • • [aa  ōō]
• • [aa aa ] • • [aa ū
ū āā aa] • • • [ aa  u
• u  ōō] • • • • [aa aa ] • • []
ᩅᨬᩥᨬᩣᩮᨷᨲᩥ
ᩥᦂᩣ ᨧ ᦀᨷᨧᦂᩣᨲᩣ
[ii āā ēē ]
• • • [ēē aa ]• • [ii  ēē] • • u aa ā  aa aa ēē ]
[u • • • • • • • [ōō ] • [ii āā]• [] [ aa aa āā āā]
• • • •

ᨧᩅᩥᨲᨲ
ᩣᩅᩴᩴ
[] [āā] [] u aa  ōō]

ᨽᩣᩅᩴᩴ
[aa   āā ōō]
• • • • [ āā  āā ōō]
• • • • u  āā ōō]
• u  āā aa]
• • • • •
ᨷᨲᨿᨾᩣᩮ ᨿᨴᩥᩥ ᨷᩉ

ᨿᨴ ᨷᩉᩴᩴ ᨻᨴᩴ ᨷᨧᩮᦂᨿᨶᩥ ᩅᨴᨲ
ᩣᩮᨷᨲᩥ ᩮᨷ ᨿᨴ
ᨿᨴᩥᩥ
[aa  āā ōō]
• • • [] [ āā aa] • • u aa]
[u • [aa aa  aa ]
• • • • [] [ii āā ēē ]• • • [ēē] []
ᨷᩉ
ᨷᩉᩴᩴ ᦀᩈᦂᨷᨲᩥᩮᨿᩣ ᦀᩔᨶᩥ ᩅᨴᨲ
ᩣᩮᨷᨲᩥ ᩮᨷ ᦀᨷᩤᩉᩴ ᨻᨴᩴ ᨷᨧᩮᦂᨿᨶᩥ
[ āā aa]
• • [ aa  u
• u  ōō] • • • • [aa aa ] • • [] [ii āā ēē ]
• • • [ēē] [ āā aa]• • u aa]
[u • [aa aa  aa ]
• • • •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
36
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
ᩅᨴᨲ
ᩣᩮᨷᨲᩥ ᩮᨷ ᦀᨷᩤᩉᩴ ᦀᩈᦂᨷᨲᩥᩮᨿᩣ ᦀᩔᨶᩥ ᩅᨴᨲ
ᩣᩮᨷᨲᩥ ᩮᨷ ᩉᩉᩴ
[] [ii āā ēē ] [ēē] [ āā aa] [ aa  u
u  ōō] [aa aa ] [] [ii āā ēē ] [ēē] [aa āā aa]
ᦂ [k]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
ᨻᨴᩴ ᨷᨧᩮᦂᨿᨶᩥ ᩅᨴᨲ

ᩣᩮᨷᨲᩥ ᩮᨷ ᩉᩉᩴ ᦀᩈᦂᨷᨲᩥᩮᨿᩣ ᦀᩔᨶᩥ ᦃ [kʰ]
u aa]
[u • [aa aa  aa ]
• • • • [] [ii āā ēē ]
• • • [ēē] [aa āā aa] • • [ aa  u
•u  ōō] • • • • [aa aa ]• •
ᦅ [g]
ᩅᨴᨲ
ᩣᩮᨷᨲᩥ ᩮᨷ ᩮᩉᩣᨲ
ᩮᩉᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᩮᨾ ᨻᨴᩴ ᨷᨧᩮᦂᨿᨶᩥ ᩅᨴᨲ
ᩣᩮᨷᨲᩥ ᩮᨷ
[] [ii āā ēē ]
• • • [ēē] [ōō ] • [ēē] u aa]
[u • [aa aa  aa ]
• • • • [] [ii āā ēē ] • • • [ēē] ᨥ [gʰ]
ᩮᩉᩣᨲ
ᩮᩉᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᩮᨾ ᦀᩈᦂᨷᨲᩥᩮᨿᩣ ᦀᩔᨶᩥ ᩅᨴᨲ
ᩥᦂᩮᩅ ᨦ [ṅ]
[ōō ]
• [ēē] [ aa  u
• u  ōō] • • • • [aa aa ]
• • [] [ii āā ēē ] • • • [ēē aa ]
• • [ii  ēē] • •
ᨧ [c]
ᨴᨻᩃ
ᩥᦂᩣ ᨧ ᦀᨷᨧᦂᩣᨲᩣ ᦉ [cʰ]
u aa ā  aa aa ēē ]
• • • •
ᨩ [j]
ᨧᩅᩥᨲᨲ
[] [āā] [] u aa  ōō]
[u • • • [ ōō] • [āā aa āā]
• • [ āā ōō] • • ᨫ [jʰ]
ᨽᦂ
ᩣᩅᩴ ᨷᨲᨿᨾᩣᩮ ᩮᨷ ᨬ [ñ]
[ii  āā aa]
• • • [aa   āā ōō]
• • • • [ āā  āā ōō]
• • • • u  āā ōō]
[ u • • • • [ āā aa] • • [aa  āā ōō] • • • [ēē]
ᨭ [ṭ]
ᦀᩈᦂᨷᨲᩥᨿᨽᩣᩅ
ᨽᩣᩅᩴᩴ ᨷᨲᨿᨾᩣᩮ ᨾᩣᨲᩁ
ᨾᩣᨲᩁᩴᩴ ᩈᩁᩣᨾ
ᩈᩁᩣᨾᩦᨲᩦ ᩥ ᩅᨴᨲ
ᩣᩮᨷᨲᩥ ᨷᨲ
ᩥᨲᩁᩴᩁᩴ ᨮ [ṭʰ]
[ aa  u
• u  āā aa]
• • • • • [aa  āā ōō] • • • [āā  aa] • • [ āā  ]
• • • [] [ii āā ēē ]
• • • [ aa] •
ᨯ [ḍ]
ᩈᩁᩣᨾ
ᩣᩮᨷᨲᩥ ᨽᩣᨲᩁ
ᨽᩣᨲᩁᩴᩴ ᩈᩁᩣᨾ
ᩣᩮᨷᨲᩥ ᨽᦅᩥᨶ ᩈᩁᩣᨾ
ᩈᩁᩣᨾᩦᨲᩦ ᩥ
[ āā  ]
• • • [] [ii āā ēē ]
• • • [āā  aa]• • [ āā  ] • • • [] [ii āā ēē ]
• • • [ ii] • [ āā  ] • • • ᨰ [ḍʰ]
ᩅᨴᨲ
ᩣᩮᨷᨲᩥ ᨷᨲᩴ ᩈᩁᩣᨾ
ᩣᩮᨷᨲᩥ ᨵᨲ
ᩦᨲᩁᩴᩁᩴ ᩈᩁᩣᨾ
ᩅᨴᨲᩥᩥ ᨱ [ṇ]
[] [ii āā ēē ]
• • • u aa]
[u • [ āā  ]
• • • [] [ii āā ēē ]• • • [  aa]
• • [ āā  ]
• • • []
ᨲ [t]
ᩣᩮᨷᨲᩥ ᨷᨩᩣᨷᨲ ᩈᩁᩣᨾ
ᩣᩮᨷᨲᩥ ᨬᩣᨲᩮᦂ ᩈᩁᩣᨾ
ᩣᩮᨷᨲᩥ ᨳ [tʰ]
[ii āā ēē ]
• • • [ āā  ii]• • • [ āā  ]
• • • [] [ii āā ēē ] • • • [āā  ēē]• • [ āā  ] • • • [] [ii āā ēē ]
• • •
ᨴ [d]
ᨾᩮᩥᩮᨲ
ᨲ ᩈᩁᩣᨾ
ᩣᩮᨷᨲᩥ ᦅᩤᨾᩴ ᩈᩁᩣᨾ
ᩣᩮᨷᨲᩥ ᨶᦅᩥᦅᨾᩴᨾᩴ
[ii ēē] • [ āā  ]
• • • [] [ii āā ēē ] • • • [āā aa] • [ āā  ]
• • • [] [ii āā ēē ] • • • [ aa] •
ᨵ [dʰ]
ᩈᩁᩣᨾ
ᩣᩮᨷᨲᩥ ᩮᦃᨲᩴ ᩈᩁᩣᨾ
ᩣᩮᨷᨲᩥ ᩅᨲᩩᩴ ᩈᩁᩣᨾ
ᩈᩁᩣᨾᩦᨲᩦ ᩥ ᨶ [n]
[ āā  ]
• • • [] [ii āā ēē ]
• • • [ aa] • [ āā  ]
• • • [] [ii āā ēē ]
• • • [aa u
u] • [ āā  ] • • •
ᨷ [p]
ᩅᨴᨲ
ᩣᩮᨷᨲᩥ ᩉᩁᩥᩁᨬᩴ
ᨬᩴ ᩈᩁᩣᨾ
ᩣᩮᨷᨲᩥ ᩈᩅᨱᩴ ᩈᩁᩣᨾ
ᩅᨴᨲᩥᩥ ᨹ [pʰ]
[] [ii āā ēē ]
• • • [ aa aa]
• • [ āā  ]
• • • [] [ii āā ēē ] • • • [ aa aa]
• • [ āā  ] • • • []
ᨻ [b]
ᩣᩮᨷᨲᩥ ᩈᨷᩥᨷᩴ ᩈᩁᩣᨾ
ᩣᩮᨷᨲᩥ ᨷᩮᨻᨻᩛᩛ ᩉᩈ
ᩉᩈᩥᨲᩥ ᩴ ᩃᨷ
ᩃᨷᩥᨲᩥ ᩴ ᦂᩦᩊᨲ
ᩥ ᩴ
[ii āā ēē ]
• • • [ii aa] • [ āā  ]
• • • [] [ii āā ēē ] • • • u ēē]
[u • [ aa] • [ aa] • [  aa]
• •
ᨽ [bʰ]
ᩈᨾᨶᩔᩁᩣᨾ
ᩁᩣᨾᩦᨲᩦ ᩥ ᩅᨴᨲ
ᩮᩉᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᨾ [m]
u  āā  ]
[ u • • • • • [] [ii āā ēē ] • • • [ēē aa ]
• • [ii  ēē] • • u aa ā  aa aa ēē ]
[u • • • • • • • [ōō ] •
ᨿ [y]
ᩈᦂ
ᩥᦂᩣ ᨧ ᦀᨷᨧᦂᩣᨲᩣ ᩁ [r]
[ii āā]• [] [ aa aa āā āā]
• • • •
ᩃ [l]
ᨧᩅᩥᨲᨲ
[] [āā] [] u aa  ōō]
[u • • • [ ōō] • [āā aa āā]
• • [ āā ōō] • •
ᩅ [v]
ᨽᦂ
ᩣᩅᩴ ᨷᨲᨿᨾᩣᩮ ᩮᨷ ᩈ [s]
[ii  āā aa]
• • • [aa   āā ōō]
• • • • [ āā  āā ōō]
• • • • u  āā ōō]
[ u • • • • [ āā aa] • • [aa  āā ōō] • • • [ēē]
ᩉ [h]
ᨽᩣᩅᩴᩴ ᨷᨲᨿᨾᩣᩮ ᨾᩣᨲᩣ ᩮᨾ ᦀᨲᩥ ᩈᩣ ᨾᨿᩣ ᩮᨷᩤᩮᩈᨲᨻ
ᩈᨲᨻᩛᩣᩣᨲᩥ
ᩛ ᨲᩥ ᩅᨴᨲ
ᩅᨴᨲᩥᩥ ᩊ [ḷ]
[ aa  u
• u  āā aa]
• • • • • [aa  āā ōō] • • • [āā āā] • [ēē] [aa ] • [āā] [ āā] • [ōō ēē aa āā ]
• • • • []
ᦀᩴ [ŋ̊]
ᩥᨲᩣᩣ ᩮᨾ ᦀᨲᩥ ᩮᩈᩣ ᨾᨿᩣ ᩮᨷᩤᩮᩈᨲᩮᨻ
ᩈᨲᩮᨻᩛᩣᩣᨲᩥ
ᩣᩮᨷᨲᩥ ᨽᩣᨲᩣ ᩮᨾ ᦀᨲᩥ
[ii āā ēē ]
• • • [ āā] • [ēē] [aa ] • [ōō] [ āā] • [ōō ēē aa ōō ] • • • • [] [ii āā ēē ] • • • [āā āā] • [ēē] [aa ] •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
37
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
ᩮᩈᩣ ᨾᨿᩣ ᩮᨷᩤᩮᩈᨲᩮᨻ

ᩣᩮᨷᨲᩥ ᨽᦅᩥᨶᩦ ᩮᨾ ᦀᨲᩥ ᩈᩣ ᨾᨿᩣ ᩮᨷᩤᩮᩈᨲᨻ
ᩛ ᨲᩥ
[ōō] [ āā] • [ōō ēē aa ōō ]
• • • • [] [ii āā ēē ]
• • • [ ] • [ēē] [aa ] • [āā] [ āā] • [ōō ēē aa āā ]
• • • •
ᩅᨴᨲ
ᩣᩮᨷᨲᩥ ᨷᩮᨲᩣ ᩮᨾ ᦀᨲᩥ ᩮᩈᩣ ᨾᨿᩣ ᩮᨷᩤᩮᩈᨲᩮᨻ
ᩦᨲᩣᩣ ᩮᨾ
[] [ii āā ēē ] • • • u ōō]
[u • [ēē] [aa ] • [ōō] [ āā] • [ōō ēē aa ōō ]
• • • • [] [ii āā ēē ] • • • [ āā] • [ēē]
ᦀᨲᩥ ᩈᩣ ᨾᨿᩣ ᩮᨷᩤᩮᩈᨲᨻ

ᩣᩮᨷᨲᩥ ᨷᨩᩣᨷᨲ
ᨷᨩᩣᨷᨲᩥᩥ ᩮᨾ ᦀᨲᩥ ᩈᩣ ᨾᨿᩣ
[aa ]
• [āā] [ āā] • [ōō ēē aa āā ]
• • • • [] [ii āā ēē ]
• • • [ āā ] • • [ēē] [aa ] • [āā] [ āā] •
ᩮᨷᩤᩮᩈᨲᨻ
ᩣᩮᨷᨲᩥ ᨬᩣᨲᦂᩣ ᩮᨾ ᦀᨲᩥ ᩮᨲ ᨾᨿᩣ ᩮᨷᩤᩮᩈᨲᨻ
ᩅᨴᨲᩥᩥ
[ōō ēē aa āā ]
• • • • [] [ii āā ēē ]• • • [āā  āā]• • [ēē] [aa ] • [ēē] [ āā] • [ōō ēē aa āā ]
• • • • []
ᩣᩮᨷᨲᩥ ᨾᨲ
ᩥᨲᩣ ᩮᨾ ᦀᨲᩥ ᩮᨲ ᨾᨿᩣ ᩮᨷᩤᩮᩈᨲᨻ
ᩥᦂᩮᩅ
[ii āā ēē ]
• • • [ii āā] • [ēē] [aa ] • [ēē] [ āā] • [ōō ēē aa āā ]
• • • • [] [ii āā ēē ] • • • [ēē aa ]
• • [ii  ēē] • •
ᨴᨻᩃ
u aa ā  aa aa ēē ]
• • • •

ᨧᩅᩥᨲᨲ
ᩣᩅᩴᩴ
[] [āā] [] u aa  ōō]
[u • • • [ ōō] • [āā aa āā]
• • [ āā ōō] • • [ii  āā aa] • • •

ᨽᩣᩅᩴᩴ
[aa   āā ōō]
• • • • [ āā  āā ōō]
• • • • u  āā ōō]
[ u • • • • [ āā aa] • • [aa  āā ōō]
• • • [ēē] [ aa  u
• u  āā aa]
• • • • •
ᨷᨲᨿᨾᩣᩮ ᨾᩣᨲᩣ ᩮᨾ ᦀᨲᩥ ᩈᩣ ᨾᩴ ᩮᨷᩤᩮᩈᩔᨲ

ᩈᩔᨲᩦᨲᩦ ᩥ ᩅᨴᨲ
ᩥᨲᩣᩣ ᩮᨾ ᦀᨲᩥ
[aa  āā ōō]
• • • [āā āā] • [ēē] [aa ]• [āā] [aa] [ōō    ]
• • • • [] [ii āā ēē ] • • • [ āā] • [ēē] [aa ] •
ᩮᩈᩣ ᨾᩴ ᩮᨷᩤᩮᩈᩔᨲ
ᩣᩮᨷᨲᩥ ᨽᩣᨲᩣ ᩮᨾ ᦀᨲᩥ ᩮᩈᩣ ᨾᩴ ᩮᨷᩤᩮᩈᩔᨲ
ᩅᨴᨲᩥᩥ
[ōō] [aa] [ōō    ]
• • • • [] [ii āā ēē ]
• • • [āā āā] • [ēē] [aa ] • [ōō] [aa] [ōō    ]
• • • • []
ᩣᩮᨷᨲᩥ ᨽᦅᩥᨶᩦ ᩮᨾ ᦀᨲᩥ ᩈᩣ ᨾᩴ ᩮᨷᩤᩮᩈᩔᨲ
ᩣᩮᨷᨲᩥ ᨷᩮᨲᩣ ᩮᨾ ᦀᨲᩥ
[ii āā ēē ]
• • • [ ] • [ēē] [aa ] • [āā] [aa] [ōō    ]
• • • • [] [ii āā ēē ]
• • • u ōō]
[u • [ēē] [aa ]•
ᩮᩈᩣ ᨾᩴ ᩮᨷᩤᩮᩈᩔᨲ
ᩦᨲᩣᩣ ᩮᨾ ᦀᨲᩥ ᩈᩣ ᨾᩴ ᩮᨷᩤᩮᩈᩔᨲ
ᩅᨴᨲᩥᩥ
[ōō] [aa] [ōō    ]
• • • • [] [ii āā ēē ]
• • • [ āā] • [ēē] [aa ] • [āā] [aa] [ōō    ] • • • • []
ᩣᩮᨷᨲᩥ ᨷᨩᩣᨷᨲ
ᨷᨩᩣᨷᨲᩥᩥ ᩮᨾ ᦀᨲᩥ ᩈᩣ ᨾᩴ ᩮᨷᩤᩮᩈᩔᨲ
ᩣᩮᨷᨲᩥ ᨬᩣᨲᦂᩣ ᩮᨾ ᦀᨲᩥ
[ii āā ēē ]
• • • [ āā ]
• • [ēē] [aa ] • [āā] [aa] [ōō    ]
• • • • [] [ii āā ēē ] • • • [āā  āā] • • [ēē] [aa ] •
ᩮᨲ ᨾᩴ ᩮᨷᩤᩮᩈᩔᨶᩦᨲᩥ ᩅᨴᨲ
ᩣᩮᨷᨲᩥ ᨾᨲ
ᩥᨲᩣ ᩮᨾ ᦀᨲᩥ ᩮᨲ ᨾᩴ ᩮᨷᩤᩮᩈᩔᨶᩦᨲᩥ ᩅᨴᨲ
ᩅᨴᨲᩥᩥ
[ēē] [aa] [ōō  aa  ]
• • • • [] [ii āā ēē ]
• • • [ii āā] • [ēē] [aa ] • [ēē] [aa] [ōō  aa  ]
• • • • []
ᩣᩮᨷᨲᩥ ᦅᩤᩮᨾᩣ ᩮᨾ ᦀᨲᩥ ᩮᨲᩉ
ᩮᨲᩉᩴᩴ ᨩᩅᩦ ᩔ
ᩥᩔᩣᨾᩦ
ᩣᨾᨲᩦ ᩥ ᩅᨴᨲ
ᩣᩮᨷᨲᩥ ᨶᦅᩥᦅᩮᨾᩣ
ᩮᨾᩣ ᩮᨾ ᦀᨲᩥ
[ii āā ēē ]
• • • [āā ōō]
• [ēē] [aa ] • [ēē āā aa]
• • [ ii āā  ]
• • • • [] [ii āā ēē ] • • • [ ōō] • [ēē] [aa ] •
ᩮᨲᩉ
ᩥᩔᩣᨾᩦ
ᩣᩮᨷᨲᩥ ᩮᦃᨲᩴ ᩮᨾ ᦀᨲᩥ ᩮᨲᩉ
ᩥᩔᩣᨾᩦ
ᩅᨴᨲᩥᩥ
[ēē āā aa]
• • [ ii āā  ]
• • • • [] [ii āā ēē ]
• • • [ aa] • [ēē] [aa ] • [ēē āā aa]
• • [ ii āā  ]
• • • • []
ᩣᩮᨷᨲᩥ ᩅᨲᩩ ᩮᨾ ᦀᨲᩥ ᩮᨲᩉ
ᩥᩔᩣᨾᩦ
ᩣᩮᨷᨲᩥ ᩉᩁᩥᩁᨬᩴ
ᨬᩴ ᩮᨾ ᦀᨲᩥ
[ii āā ēē ]
• • • [aa ] • [ēē] [aa ] • [ēē āā aa]
• • [ ii āā  ]
• • • • [] [ii āā ēē ] • • • [ aa aa] • • [ēē] [aa ] •
ᩮᨲᩉ
ᩥᩔᩣᨾᩦ
ᩣᩮᨷᨲᩥ ᩈᩅᨱᩴ ᩮᨾ ᦀᨲᩥ ᩮᨲᩉ
ᩥᩔᩣᨾᩦ
ᩅᨴᨲᩥᩥ
[ēē āā aa]
• • [ ii āā  ]
• • • • [] [ii āā ēē ]
• • • [ aa aa] • • [ēē] [aa ] • [ēē āā aa]
• • [ ii āā  ]
• • • • []
ᩣᩮᨷᨲᩥ ᩈᨷᩥᨷᩴ ᩮᨾ ᦀᨲᩥ ᩮᨲᩉ
ᩥᩔᩣᨾᩦ
ᩥᦂᩮᩅ
[ii āā ēē ]
• • • [ii aa]
• [ēē] [aa ] • [ēē āā aa]
• • [ ii āā  ]
• • • • [] [ii āā ēē ] • • • [ēē aa ]
• • [ii  ēē] • •
ᨴᨻᩃ
u aa ā  aa aa ēē ]
• • • •

ᨧᩅᩥᨲᨲ
ᩣᩅᩴᩴ
[] [āā] [] u aa  ōō]
[u • • • [ ōō] • [āā aa āā]
• • [ āā ōō] • • [ii  āā aa] • • •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
38
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1

ᩣᩅᩴ ᨷᨲᨿᨾᩣᩮ ᩮᨷ
[aa   āā ōō] [ āā  āā ōō] u  āā ōō]
[ u [ āā aa] [aa  āā ōō] [ēē]
ᦂ [k]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
ᨽᩣᩅᩴᩴ ᨷᨲᨿᨾᩣᩮ ᨴᦂᩁᨶᩥ ᩅᨴᨲ
ᩣᩮᨷᨲᩥ ᨶ ᩈᦂᩁᨶᩥ ᩅᨴᨲ
ᩅᨴᨲᩥᩥ ᦃ [kʰ]
[ aa  u
• u  āā aa]
• • • • • [aa  āā ōō]
• • • u  aa ]
[u • • • [] [ii āā ēē ] • • • [] [ aa ] • • []
ᦅ [g]
ᩣᩮᨷᨲᩥ ᨴᨧᩁᨶᩥ ᩅᨴᨲ
ᩣᩮᨷᨲᩥ ᨶ ᩈᨧᩁᨶᩥ ᩅᨴᨲ
ᩣᩮᨷᨲᩥ ᨶ
[ii āā ēē ]
• • • u  aa ]
[u • • • [] [ii āā ēē ]
• • • [] [ aa ] • • [] [ii āā ēē ]
• • • [] ᨥ [gʰ]
ᩏᩔᩉᩣᨾ
ᩏᩔᩉᩣᨾᩦᨲᩦ ᩥ ᩅᨴᨲ
ᩣᩮᨷᨲᩥ ᨶ ᩅᩈᩥᩈᩉᩣᨾᩦ
ᩉᩣᨾᨲᩦ ᩥ ᩅᨴᨲ
ᩣᩮᨷᨲᩥ ᨶ ᩁᨾᩣᨾ
ᩁᨾᩣᨾᩦᨲᩦ ᩥ ᩅᨴᨲ
ᩅᨴᨲᩥᩥ ᨦ [ṅ]
u  āā  ]
[u • • • • [] [ii āā ēē ] • • • [] [ āā  ] • • • [] [ii āā ēē ] • • • [] [ āā  ] • • • []
ᨧ [c]
ᩣᩮᨷᨲᩥ ᨽ
ᨽᩥᩁᩁᨾᩣᨾᩦ
ᩥ ᨾᩣᨾᨲᩦ ᩥ ᩅᨴᨲ
ᩣᩮᨷᨲᩥ ᪅ᩅᨾᩥ ᩮᦃᩣ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩮᩅ ᦉ [cʰ]
[ii āā ēē ]
• • • [āā  āā  ]
• • • • [] [ii āā ēē ] • • • [ēē aa ]
• • [ōō] [ii  ēē] • •
ᨩ [j]
ᨴᨻᩃ
u aa ā  aa aa ēē ]
[u • • • • • • • [ōō ] • [ii āā]
• [] [ aa aa āā āā]
• • • • ᨫ [jʰ]
1 -98 ᦂᨳᨬ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩣ ᨧ ᨬ [ñ]
[ aa ]• • [ii  ēē] • • u aa ā  aa aa ēē ]
[u • • • • • • • [ōō ] • [ii āā] • []
ᨭ [ṭ]
ᨷᨧᦂᩣᨲᩣ ᦀᩥᨵ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩ ᩏᦂᨱᩥᩮᨲᩣ ᦀᨶᨽ
ᨧᩅᩥᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᦂᩣᩮᨾᩣ ᨮ [ṭʰ]
[aa aa āā āā]
• • • [] [ii  ēē] • • [ii ] • u aa  ōō]
[u • • • [ ōō] • [āā aa āā]
• • [ āā ōō] • •
ᨯ [ḍ]
ᨽᦂ
ᩣᩅᩴ ᨷᨲᨿᨾᩣᩮ ᩮᨷ
[ii  āā aa]
• • • [aa   āā ōō]
• • • • [ āā  āā ōō]
• • • • u  āā ōō]
[ u • • • • [ āā aa] • • [aa  āā ōō]
• • • [ēē] ᨰ [ḍʰ]
ᨽᩣᩅᩴᩴ ᨷᨲᨿᨾᩣᩮ ᨻᨴᩴ ᨷᨧᦂᩣᨾᨾᩦᨲᩦ ᩥ ᩅᨴᨲ
ᩣᩮᨷᨲᩥ ᪅ᩅᨾᩥ ᨱ [ṇ]
[ aa  u
• u  āā aa]
• • • • • [aa  āā ōō]
• • • u aa]
[u • [aa aa āā  ]
• • • • [] [ii āā ēē ]
• • • [ēē aa ]
• •
ᨲ [t]
ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩣ ᨧ ᨷᨧᦂᩣᨲᩣ ᨳ [tʰ]
[ii  ēē] • • u aa ā  aa aa ēē ]
[u • • • • • • • [ōō ] • [ii āā] • [] [aa aa āā āā] • • •
ᨴ [d]
ᨧᩅᩥᨲᨲ
[] [āā] [] u aa  ōō]
[u • • • [ ōō] • [āā aa āā] • • [ āā ōō] • • ᨵ [dʰ]
ᨽᦂ
ᩣᩅᩴ ᨷᨲᨿᨾᩣᩮ ᩮᨷ ᨶ [n]
[ii  āā aa]
• • • [aa   āā ōō]
• • • • [ āā  āā ōō]
• • • • u  āā ōō]
[ u • • • • [ āā aa] • • [aa  āā ōō]
• • • [ēē]
ᨷ [p]
ᨽᩣᩅᩴᩴ ᨷᨲᨿᨾᩣᩮ ᨵᨾᩴ ᨷᨧᦂᩣᨾᨾᩦᨲᩦ ᩥ ᩅᨴᨲ
ᩣᩮᨷᨲᩥ ᩈᨥ
ᩴ ᩴ ᨹ [pʰ]
[ aa  u
• u  āā aa]
• • • • • [aa  āā ōō]
• • • [aa aa] • [aa aa āā  ]
• • • • [] [ii āā ēē ]
• • • [aa aa] •
ᨻ [b]
ᨷᨧᦂᩣᨾᨾᩦᨲᩦ ᩥ ᩅᨴᨲ
ᩣᩮᨷᨲᩥ ᩈᦂ
ᩥᦂᩴ ᨷᨧᦂᩣᨾᨾᩦᨲᩦ ᩥ ᩅᨴᨲ
ᩣᩮᨷᨲᩥ ᩅᨶᩥᨶᨿᩴ
ᨿᩴ
[aa aa āā  ]
• • • • [] [ii āā ēē ] • • • [ii aa] • [aa aa āā  ] • • • • [] [ii āā ēē ]
• • • [ aa] •
ᨽ [bʰ]
ᩣᩮᨷᨲᩥ ᨷᩤᨲᩮᩥᩮᨾᩣᦂ
ᨾᩣᦂᩴ ᨷᨧᦂᩣᨾᨾᩦᨲᩦ ᩥ ᩅᨴᨲ
ᩣᩮᨷᨲᩥ ᩏᩮᨴᩈᩴ ᨾ [m]
[aa aa āā  ]
• • • • [] [ii āā ēē ] • • • [āā   aa]• • • [aa aa āā  ]• • • • [] [ii āā ēē ] • • • u ēē aa]
[u • •
ᨿ [y]
ᩣᩮᨷᨲᩥ ᩏᨷᨩᩣᨿᨿᩴᩴ ᨷᨧᦂᩣᨾᨾᩦᨲᩦ ᩥ ᩅᨴᨲ
ᩣᩮᨷᨲᩥ ᦀᩣᨧᩁ
ᦀᩣᨧᩁᩥᨿᩥ ᩴ ᩁ [r]
[aa aa āā  ]
• • • • [] [ii āā ēē ] • • • [ aa āā aa]
• • • [aa aa āā  ]
• • • • [] [ii āā ēē ]
• • • [āā  aa]
• •
ᩃ [l]
ᩣᩮᨷᨲᩥ ᩈᨴᩥᩅᩉ
ᩥᩉᩣᩁᩥ
ᩣᩁᦂᦂᩴ
ᩥ ᩴ ᨷᨧᦂᩣᨾᨾᩦᨲᩦ ᩥ ᩅᨴᨲ
ᩣᩮᨷᨲᩥ
[aa aa āā  ]
• • • • [] [ii āā ēē ] • • • [aa  āā  aa] • • • • [aa aa āā  ]
• • • • [] [ii āā ēē ] • • •
ᩅ [v]
ᦀᩮᨶᩅᩤᩈᦂ
ᩥᦂᩴᩴ ᨷᨧᦂᩣᨾᨾᩦᨲᩦ ᩥ ᩅᨴᨲ
ᩣᩮᨷᨲᩥ ᩈᨾᩣᨶᨷᨩᩣᨿᦂᩴ ᨷᨧᦂᩣᨾᨾᩦᨲᩦ ᩥ ᩅᨴᨲ
ᩅᨴᨲᩥᩥ ᩈ [s]
[aa ēē āā  aa]
• • • • [aa aa āā  ]
• • • • [] [ii āā ēē ] • • • [ āā  aa āā  aa]
• • • • • • [aa aa āā  ]
• • • • []
ᩉ [h]
ᩣᩮᨷᨲᩥ ᩈᨾᩣᨧᩁ
ᩈᨾᩣᨧᩁᩥᨿᨿᦂᩴ
ᩥ ᦂᩴ ᨷᨧᦂᩣᨾᨾᩦᨲᩦ ᩥ ᩅᨴᨲ
ᩣᩮᨷᨲᩥ ᩈᨻᩉᨧᩣᩁ ᩊ [ḷ]
[ii āā ēē ]
• • • [ āā āā  aa]
• • • • [aa aa āā  ]
• • • • [] [ii āā ēē ] • • • [ āā ii] • •
ᦀᩴ [ŋ̊]
ᩣᩮᨷᨲᩥ ᦅᩥᩉᨲ
ᩦ ᩥ ᨾᩴ ᨵᩤᩮᩁᩉ
ᩁᩉᩦᨲᩦ ᩥ ᩅᨴᨲ
ᩣᩮᨷᨲᩥ ᩏᨷᩤᩈᩮᦂᩣᨲ
ᩮᦂᩣᨲᩥᩥ
[aa aa āā  ]
• • • • [] [ii āā ēē ] • • • [  ] • • [aa] [āā ēē  ] • • • [] [ii āā ēē ]
• • • [ āā  ōō ]
• • • •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
39
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
ᨾᩴ ᨵᩤᩮᩁᩉ
ᩣᩮᨷᨲᩥ ᦀᩣᩁᩣᨾ
ᦀᩣᩁᩣᨾᩥᩮᩮᦂᩣᨲᩥ
ᩥ ᦂᩣᨲᩥ ᨾᩴ ᨵᩤᩮᩁᩉ
ᩣᩮᨷᨲᩥ
[aa] [āā ēē  ] • • • [] [ii āā ēē ] • • • [āā āā  ōō ]
• • • • [aa] [āā ēē  ] • • • [] [ii āā ēē ] • • •
ᩈᩣᨾᩮᨱᩮᩁᩣᨲ
ᩈᩣᨾᩮᨱᩮᩁᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᨾᩴ ᨵᩤᩮᩁᩉ
ᩣᩮᨷᨲᩥ ᨲᨲ
ᩥᨲᩥᩮᨿᩣᨲ
ᨿᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᨾᩴ ᨵᩤᩮᩁᩉ
ᩣᩮᨷᨲᩥ
[āā  ēē ōō ]
• • • • [aa] [āā ēē  ] • • • [] [ii āā ēē ] • • • [ii  ōō ] • • • [aa] [āā ēē  ] • • • [] [ii āā ēē ] • • •
ᨲᨲ
ᩥᨲᩥᨿᩈᩣᩅᩮᦂᩣᨲ
ᩈᩣᩅᩮᦂᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᨾᩴ ᨵᩤᩮᩁᩉ
ᩣᩮᨷᨲᩥ ᦀᩔᨾᩮᨱᩣᨲ
ᦀᩔᨾᩮᨱᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᨾᩴ ᨵᩤᩮᩁᩉ
ᩅᨴᨲᩥᩥ
[ii  āā  ōō ]
• • • • • [aa] [āā ēē  ] • • • [] [ii āā ēē ] • • • [aa  ōō ]
• • • [aa] [āā ēē  ] • • • []
ᩣᩮᨷᨲᩥ ᦀᩈᦂᨷᨲᩥᩮᨿᩣᨲ
ᨿᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᨾᩴ ᨵᩤᩮᩁᩉ
ᩥᦂᩮᩅ
[ii āā ēē ]
• • • [ aa  u
• u  ōō ]
• • • • • [aa] [āā ēē  ] • • • [] [ii āā ēē ] • • • [ēē aa ]
• • [ii  ēē] • •
ᨴᨻᩃ
u aa ā  aa aa ēē ]

ᨧᩅᩥᨲᨲ
ᩣᩅᩴᩴ
[] [āā] [] u aa  ōō]

ᨽᩣᩅᩴᩴ
[aa   āā ōō]
• • • • [ āā  āā ōō]
• • • • u  āā ōō]
• u  āā aa]
• • • • •
ᨷᨲᨿᨾᩣᩮ ᦀᩃ
ᦀᩃᩴᩴ ᩮᨾ ᨻᩮᨴᨲᨲᩥᩥ ᩅᨴᨲ
ᩣᩮᨷᨲᩥ ᩮᨷ ᦀᩃ
ᦀᩃᩴᩴ ᩮᨾ ᩈᨻᩉᨧᩣᩁ
ᩣᩁᩦᩉ
ᩦ ᨲ
ᩦ ᩥ
[aa  āā ōō]
• • • [ aa] • [ēē] u ēē āā ]
[u • • • [] [ii āā ēē ]
• • • [ēē] [ aa]• [ēē] [ āā   ] • • • •
ᩅᨴᨲ
ᩣᩮᨷᨲᩥ ᪅ᩅᨾᩥ ᩮᨷ ᦀᨳ ᩅᩤ ᨷᨶ ᩮᨷ ᦂ ᨶ ᩮᨾ ᨻᩮᨴᨲᨲᩥᩥ ᩅᨴᨲ
ᩅᨴᨲᩥᩥ
[] [ii āā ēē ] • • • [ēē aa ]
• • [ēē] [] [āā] [] [ēē] [ii] [] [ēē] u ēē āā ]
[u • • • []
ᩣᩮᨷᨲᩥ ᩮᨷ ᦂ ᨶ ᩮᨾ ᩈᨻᩉᨧᩣᩁ
ᩣᩁᩦᩉ
ᩦ ᨲ
ᩦ ᩥ ᩅᨴᨲ
ᩣᩮᨷᨲᩥ ᨶ ᨾᨾᩮᨲᩣ ᨻᩮᨴᨲᨲᩥᩥ
[ii āā ēē ]
• • • [ēē] [ii] [] [ēē] [ āā   ] • • • • [] [ii āā ēē ] • • • [] [ aa ōō] • • u ēē āā ]
[u • • •
ᩅᨴᨲ
ᩣᩮᨷᨲᩥ ᩮᨷ ᨶ ᨾᨾᩮᨲᩣ ᩈᨻᩉᨧᩣᩁ
ᩣᩁᩦᩉ
ᩦ ᨲ
ᩦ ᩥ ᩅᨴᨲ
ᩣᩮᨷᨲᩥ ᩈᨾᨲᩣᩉ
ᩉᩴᩴ
[] [ii āā ēē ] • • • [ēē] [] [ aa ōō] • • [ āā   ] • • • • [] [ii āā ēē ]
• • • u āā aa]
[ u • • •
ᨻᩮᨴᨲᨲᩥᩥ ᩅᨴᨲ
ᩣᩮᨷᨲᩥ ᩮᨷ ᩈᨾᨲᩣᩉ
ᩉᩴᩴ ᩈᨻᩉᨧᩣᩁ
ᩣᩁᩦᩉ
ᩦ ᨲ
ᩦ ᩥ ᩅᨴᨲ
ᩣᩮᨷᨲᩥ
u ēē āā ]
[u • • • [] [ii āā ēē ] • • • [ēē] u āā aa]
[ u • • • [ āā   ] • • • • [] [ii āā ēē ] • • •
᪅ᩅᨾᩥ ᨽᦂ
[ēē aa ]
• • [ii  ēē] • • u aa ā  aa aa ēē ]
1 -101 ᨿᩣᨶ
ᨿᩣᨶᩥᩥ ᩅᩤ ᨷᨶᨬᩣᨶ
ᨷᨶᨬᩣᨶᩥᨷᩥ ᩥ ᦀᨲᩥ ᨻᨴᩮᩅᩅᨧᨶ
ᩅᩅᨧᨶᩥᩥ ᩅᩤ ᨵᨾᩮᩅᩅᨧᨶ
ᩅᩅᨧᨶᩥᩥ
[āā ] • [āā] [ aa āā ] • • • [aa ] • u  ēē  āā ]
[u • • • • • [āā] [aa  ēē  āā ] • • • • •
ᩅᩤ ᩈᨥ
ᩴᨥᩮᩅᩅᨧᨶᩥ
ᩮᩅᩅᨧᨶᩥ ᩅᩤ ᩈᦂ
ᩥᦂᩣᩮᩅᩅᨧᨶ
ᩮᩅᩅᨧᨶᩥᩥ ᩅᩤ ᩅᨶᩥᨶᨿᩮᩅᩅᨧᨶᩥ
ᨿᩮᩅᩅᨧᨶᩥ ᩅᩤ
[āā] [aa  ēē  āā ]
• • • • • [āā] [ii āā ēē  āā ]
• • • • • [āā] [ ēē  āā ] • • • • [āā]
ᨾᩣᦂᩮᩅᩅᨧᨶ
ᩅᩅᨧᨶᩥᩥ ᩅᩤ ᩏᩮᨴᩈᩮᩅᩅᨧᨶ
ᩮᩅᩅᨧᨶᩥᩥ ᩅᩤ ᩏᨷᨩᩣᨿᩮᩅᩅᨧᨶ
ᨿᩮᩅᩅᨧᨶᩥᩥ ᩅᩤ
[āā    ēē  āā ]
• • • • • • • [āā] u ēē  ēē  āā ]
[u • • • • • • [āā] [ aa āā  ēē  āā ]
• • • • • • • [āā]
ᦀᩣᨧᩁ
ᦀᩣᨧᩁᩥᨿᨿᩮᩅᩅᨧᨶᩥ
ᩥ ᩮᩅᩅᨧᨶᩥ ᩅᩤ ᩈᨴᩥᩅᩉ
ᩥᩉᩣᩁᩥ
ᩣᩁᦂᦂᩮᩅᩅᨧᨶᩥ
ᩥ ᩮᩅᩅᨧᨶᩥ ᩅᩤ ᦀᩮᨶᩅᩤᩈᦂ
ᩥᦂᩮᩅᩅᨧᨶᩥ
ᩮᩅᩅᨧᨶᩥ ᩅᩤ
[āā  ēē  āā ]
• • • • • [āā] [aa  āā  ēē  āā ]
• • • • • • • [āā] [aa ēē āā  ēē  āā ]
• • • • • • • [āā]
ᩈᨾᩣᨶᨷᨩᩣᨿᦂᩮᩅᩅᨧᨶ
ᨿᦂᩮᩅᩅᨧᨶᩥᩥ ᩅᩤ ᩈᨾᩣᨧᩁ
ᩈᨾᩣᨧᩁᩥᨿᨿᦂᩮᩅᩅᨧᨶᩥ
ᩥ ᦂᩮᩅᩅᨧᨶᩥ ᩅᩤ ᩈᨻᩉᨧᩣᩁ
ᩣᩁᩥᩮᩮᩅᩅᨧᨶᩥ
ᩥ ᩅᩅᨧᨶᩥ
[ āā  aa āā  ēē  āā ]
• • • • • • • • • [āā] [ āā āā  ēē  āā ]
• • • • • • • [āā] [ āā  ēē  āā ] • • • • • •
ᩅᩤ ᦅᩥᩉᩮᩥᩮᩅᩅᨧᨶᩥ
ᩅᩅᨧᨶᩥ ᩅᩤ ᩏᨷᩤᩈᦂᩮᩅᩅᨧᨶ
ᦂᩮᩅᩅᨧᨶᩥᩥ ᩅᩤ ᦀᩣᩁᩣᨾ
ᦀᩣᩁᩣᨾᩥᦂᦂᩮᩅᩅᨧᨶᩥ
ᩥ ᩮᩅᩅᨧᨶᩥ ᩅᩤ
[āā] [ ēē  āā ] • • • • [āā] [ āā  ēē  āā ]
• • • • • • [āā] [āā āā  ēē  āā ]
• • • • • • [āā]
ᩈᩣᨾᩮᨱᩁᩮᩅᩅᨧᨶ
ᩈᩣᨾᩮᨱᩁᩮᩅᩅᨧᨶᩥᩥ ᩅᩤ ᨲᨲ
ᩥᨲᩥᨿᩮᩅᩅᨧᨶ
ᩮᩅᩅᨧᨶᩥᩥ ᩅᩤ ᨲᨲ
ᩥᨲᩥᨿᩈᩣᩅᦂᩮᩅᩅᨧᨶ
ᩈᩣᩅᦂᩮᩅᩅᨧᨶᩥᩥ ᩅᩤ
[āā  ēē  ēē  āā ]
• • • • • • • [āā] [ii  ēē  āā ]
• • • • • [āā] [ii  āā  ēē  āā ]
• • • • • • • [āā]
ᦀᩔᨾᨱᩮᩅᩅᨧᨶ
ᦀᩔᨾᨱᩮᩅᩅᨧᨶᩥᩥ ᩅᩤ ᦀᩈᦂᨷᨲᩥᨿᩮᩅᩅᨧᨶ
ᩮᩅᩅᨧᨶᩥᩥ ᩅᩤ ᩮᨲᩉ
ᩮᨲᩉᩥᩥ ᦀᩣᦂᩣᩮᩁᩉ
ᦀᩣᦂᩣᩮᩁᩉᩥᩥ ᩮᨲᩉ
ᩮᨲᩉᩥᩥ ᩃᩮᦅᩉ
ᦅᩉᩥᩥ
[aa  ēē  āā ]
• • • • • [āā] [ aa  u
u  ēē  āā ]
• • • • • • • • [āā] [ēē ] • [āā āā ēē ] • • • [ēē ] • [ii ēē ]• •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
40
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
ᩮᨲᩉ
ᩮᨲᩉᩥᩥ ᨶᨾᩥ ᩮᩥᩮᨲ
ᨲᩉᩥ ᩅᨴᨲ
ᩣᩮᨷᨲᩥ ᪅ᩅ
᪅ᩅᩴᩴ ᩮᦃᩣ ᨽᦂ
ᩮᩉᩣᨲᩥᩥ
[ēē ] [ ii ēē ] [] [ii āā ēē ] [ēē aa] [ōō] [ii  ēē] u aa ā  aa aa ēē ]
[u [ōō ]
ᦂ [k]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
ᩈᦂ
ᩥᦂᩣ ᨧ ᨷᨧᦂᩣᨲᩣ ᦃ [kʰ]
[ii āā] • [] [aa aa āā āā] • • •
ᦅ [g]
1 -102 ᦂᨳᨬ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩮᩅ ᦀᨷᨧᦂᩣᨲᩣ ᩮᩉᩣᨲ
ᩥᦂᩣ ᦀᩥᨵ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩮᩅ ᩮᨿᩉ
ᩮᨿᩉᩥᩥ
[ aa ] • • [ii  ēē] • • [ aa aa āā āā]
• • • • [ōō ] • [ii āā] • [] [ii  ēē] • • [ēē ] • ᨥ [gʰ]
ᦀᩣᦂᩣᩮᩁᩉ
ᦀᩣᦂᩣᩮᩁᩉᩥᩥ ᩮᨿᩉ
ᩮᨿᩉᩥᩥ ᩃᩮᦅᩉ
ᦅᩉᩥᩥ ᩮᨿᩉ
ᩮᨿᩉᩥᩥ ᨶᨾᩥ ᩮᩥᩮᨲ
ᨲᩉᩥ ᩈᦂ
ᩥᦂᩣ ᨷᨧᦂᩣᨲᩣ ᩮᩉᩣᨲ
ᩮᩉᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᩮᨲᩉ
ᩮᨲᩉᩥᩥ ᦀᩣᦂᩣᩮᩁᩉ
ᦀᩣᦂᩣᩮᩁᩉᩥᩥ ᨦ [ṅ]
[āā āā ēē ] [ēē ] [ii ēē ] [ēē ] [ ii ēē ] [ii āā] [aa aa āā āā] [ōō ] [ēē ] [āā āā ēē ]
ᨧ
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
[c]
ᩮᨲᩉ
ᩮᨲᩉᩥᩥ ᩃᩮᦅᩉ
ᦅᩉᩥᩥ ᩮᨲᩉ
ᩮᨲᩉᩥᩥ ᨶᨾᩥ ᩮᩥᩮᨲ
ᨲᩉᩥ ᩏᨾᨲᩮᦂᩣ ᩈᦂ
ᩥᦂᩴ ᨷᨧᦂᩣᨲᨲᩥᩥ ᦀᨷᨧᦂᩣᨲᩣ ᩮᩉᩣᨲ
ᩮᩉᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᦉ [cʰ]
[ēē ]
• [ii ēē ]
• • [ēē ] • [ ii ēē ]• • • u aa  ōō]
[u • • • [ii aa] • [aa aa āā ] • • • [ aa aa āā āā]
• • • • [ōō ] •
ᨩ [j]
ᩈᦂ
ᩥᦂᩣ ᩏᨾᨲᦂᩔ ᩈᨶᩥᩮᦂ ᩈᦂ
ᩥᦂᩣ
[ii āā] • u aa  aa ]
[u • • • • [aa  ēē] • • [ii aa] • [aa aa āā ]
• • • [ aa aa āā āā]
• • • • [ōō ] • [ii āā] • ᨫ [jʰ]
ᦃᩥᨲᨧᩮᩥᩮᨲ
ᨲᩣ ᩈᦂ
ᩥᦂᩣ ᦃᩥᨲᨧᨲ
ᩥᨲᩔ ᩈᨶᩥᩮᦂ ᨬ [ñ]
[ii  ii ōō]• • • [ii aa] • [aa aa āā ] • • • [ aa aa āā āā]
• • • • [ōō ] • [ii āā] • [ii  ii aa ] • • • • [aa  ēē] • •
ᨭ [ṭ]
ᩈᦂ
ᩥᦂᩣ ᩮᩅᨴᩮᨭᩣ ᩈᦂ
ᩥᦂᩴ ᨷᨧᦂᩣᨲᨲᩥᩥ ᨮ [ṭʰ]
[ii aa] • [aa aa āā ] • • • [ aa aa āā āā]
• • • • [ōō ] • [ii āā] • [ēē   ōō]
• • • [ii aa] • [aa aa āā ] • • •
ᨯ [ḍ]
ᦀᨷᨧᦂᩣᨲᩣ ᩮᩉᩣᨲ
ᩥᦂᩣ ᩮᩅᨴᨭᩔ ᩈᨶᩥᩮᦂ ᩈᦂ
ᩥᦂᩴ ᨷᨧᦂᩣᨲᨲᩥᩥ ᦀᨷᨧᦂᩣᨲᩣ
[ aa aa āā āā]
• • • • [ōō ] • [ii āā] • [ēē   aa ]
• • • • [aa  ēē] • • [ii aa] • [aa aa āā ] • • • [ aa aa āā āā]
• • • • ᨰ [ḍʰ]
ᩮᩉᩣᨲ
ᩥᦂᩣ ᩮᨴᩅᨲᩣᨿ ᩈᨶᩥᩮᦂ ᩈᦂ
ᩥᦂᩣ ᨱ [ṇ]
[ōō ] • [ii āā] • [ēē  āā ]
• • • [aa  ēē] • • [ii aa] • [aa aa āā ] • • • [ aa aa āā āā]
• • • • [ōō ] • [ii āā] •
ᨲ [t]
ᨲᩁᩥᩁᨧᨧᩣᨶᦅᨲᩔ ᩈᨶᩥᩮᦂ ᩈᦂ
ᩥᦂᩣ ᦀᩁ
ᦀᩁᩥᨿᨿᩮᦂᨶ
ᩥ ᩮᦂᨶ ᨳ [tʰ]
[ aa āā  aa ]
• • • • • [aa  ēē] • • [ii aa] • [aa aa āā ] • • • [ aa aa āā āā]
• • • • [ōō ] • [ii āā] • [ ēē ] • •
ᨴ [d]
ᨾᩃ
ᩥᩃᦂ
ᦂᩔ ᩈᨶᩥᩮᦂ ᩈᦂ
ᩥᦂᩴ ᨷᨧᦂᩣᨲᨲᩥᩥ ᩮᩈᩣ ᨧ ᨶ ᨷᨭ
ᨷᨭᩥᩅᩥ ᨩᩥᨩᩣᨲᩥ
ᩣᨲᩥ ᦀᨷᨧᦂᩣᨲᩣ ᩮᩉᩣᨲ
ᩮᩉᩣᨲᩥᩥ
[ aa aa ]
• • • [aa  ēē] • • [ii aa] • [aa aa āā ] • • • [ōō] [] [] [ āā āā ] • • • [ aa aa āā āā]
• • • • [ōō ] •
ᨵ [dʰ]
ᩈᦂ
ᩥᦂᩣ ᨾᩃ
ᩥᩃᦂ
ᦂᩮᦂᨶ ᦀᩁ
ᦀᩁᩥᨿᨿᩔ
ᩥ ᩔ ᩈᨶᩥᩮᦂ ᩈᦂ
ᩥᦂᩴ ᨷᨧᦂᩣᨲᨲᩥᩥ ᩮᩈᩣ ᨧ ᨶ ᨷᨭ
ᩣᨲᩥ ᨶ [n]
[ii āā] • [ aa  ēē ] • • • • [ aa ] • • [aa  ēē] • • [ii aa] • [aa aa āā ]
• • • [ōō] [] [] [ āā āā ] • • •
ᨷ [p]
ᩥᦂᩣ ᦀᩁ
ᦀᩁᩥᨿᨿᩮᦂᨶ
ᩥ ᩮᦂᨶ ᦀᩁ
ᦀᩁᩥᨿᨿᩔ
ᩥ ᩔ ᩈᨶᩥᩮᦂ ᩈᦂ
ᩥᦂᩴ ᨷᨧᦂᩣᨲᨲᩥᩥ ᩮᩈᩣ ᨧ ᨹ [pʰ]
[ aa aa āā āā]
• • • • [ōō ] • [ii āā] • [ ēē ] • • [ aa ]• • [aa  ēē] • • [ii aa] • [aa aa āā ] • • • [ōō] []
ᨻ [b]
ᨶ ᨷᨭ
ᩥᦂᩣ ᨾᩃ
ᩥᩃᦂ
ᦂᩮᦂᨶ ᨾᩃ
ᩥᩃᦂ
ᦂᩔ ᩈᨶᩥᩮᦂ ᩈᦂ
ᩥᦂᩴ
[] [ āā āā ] • • • [ aa aa āā āā]
• • • • [ōō ] • [ii āā] • [ aa  ēē ] • • • • [ aa aa ] • • • [aa  ēē] • • [ii aa] •
ᨽ [bʰ]
ᨷᨧᦂᩣᨲᨲᩥᩥ ᩮᩈᩣ ᨧ ᨶ ᨷᨭ
ᩥᦂᩣ ᨴᩅᩤᨿ ᩈᦂ
ᩥᦂᩴ ᨾ [m]
[aa aa āā ]• • • [ōō] [] [] [ āā āā ] • • • [ aa aa āā āā]
• • • • [ōō ] • [ii āā] • [ āā ] • • [ii aa] •
ᨿ [y]
ᨷᨧᦂᩣᨲᨲᩥᩥ ᦀᨷᨧᦂᩣᨲᩣ ᩮᩉᩣᨲ
ᩥᦂᩣ ᩁᩅᩤᨿ ᩈᦂ
ᩥᦂᩴ ᨷᨧᦂᩣᨲᨲᩥᩥ ᦀᨷᨧᦂᩣᨲᩣ ᩁ [r]
[aa aa āā ]• • • [ aa aa āā āā]
• • • • [ōō ] • [ii āā] • [ āā ] • • [ii aa] • [aa aa āā ] • • • [ aa aa āā āā]
• • • •
ᩃ [l]
ᩮᩉᩣᨲ
ᩥᦂᩣ ᦀᩈᩣᩮᩅᨲᦂᩣᩮᨾᩣ ᩈᩣᩮᩅᨲ
ᩈᩣᩮᩅᨲᩥᩥ ᦀᨷᨧᦂᩣᨲᩣ ᩮᩉᩣᨲ
ᩥᦂᩣ ᩈᩣᩮᩅᨲᦂᩣᩮᨾᩣ ᨶ
[ōō ] • [ii āā] • [ āā ēē  āā ōō]
• • • • • [āā ēē ] • • [ aa aa āā āā]
• • • • [ōō ] • [ii āā] • [āā ēē  āā ōō]
• • • • [] ᩅ [v]
ᩈᩣᩮᩅᨲ
ᩥᦂᩣ ᦀᩅ
ᦀᩅᩥᨬᨬᩩ
ᩥ ᩩᩔ ᩈᩣᩮᩅᨲ
ᩥᦂᩣ ᩈ [s]
[āā ēē ]
• • [ aa aa āā āā]
• • • • [ōō ] • [ii āā] • [ ii u
•u ] • • [āā ēē ]• • [ aa aa āā āā]
• • • • [ōō ] • [ii āā] •
ᩉ [h]
ᩅᨬᩥᨬᩩᩩᩔ ᨶ ᩈᩣᩮᩅᨲ
ᩥᦂᩣ ᩈᨻ
ᩈᨻᩛᩮᩮᩈᩣ
ᩛ ᩈᩣ ᩅᩤ ᨷᨶ ᨶ ᩈᩣᩮᩅᨲ
ᩈᩣᩮᩅᨲᩥᩥ ᩊ [ḷ]
[ii u
u ] • • [] [āā ēē ] • • [ aa aa āā āā]
• • • • [ōō ] • [ii āā] • [aa  ōō] • • [āā] [] [] [āā ēē ] • •
ᩥᦂᩣ ᪅ᩅ
᪅ᩅᩴᩴ ᩮᦃᩣ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩮᩅ ᦀᨷᨧᦂᩣᨲᩣ ᩮᩉᩣᨲ
ᩥᦂᩣ ᦀᩴ [ŋ̊]
[ aa aa āā āā]
• • • • [ōō ] • [ii āā] • [ēē aa]
• [ōō] [ii  ēē] • • [ aa aa āā āā]
• • • • [ōō ] • [ii āā] •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
41
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
1 -103 ᩮᨾᨳᨶᨵᩮᨾᩣ ᨾ ᩮᨿᩣ ᩮᩈᩣ ᦀᩈᨴᩮᨾᩣ ᦅᩤᨾᨵᩮᨾᩣ

[ēē  aa ōō] • • • [āā ] • [ōō] [ōō] [ aa aa ōō]
• • • [āā  aa ōō]
• • •
ᩅᩈᩃᨵᩮᨾᩣ ᨴᨭᩩᩃᩴ ᩮᦀᩣᨴᦂᨶᩥᦂᩴ ᩁᩉᩔ

ᩁᩉᩔᩴᩴ ᨴᨿᨴᩴᨴᨿᩈᨾᩣᨷᨲᩥ ᪅ᩮᩈᩣ
[ aa ōō] • • u u
[u u aa] • • [ōō  aa  aa]
• • • • [ aa aa] • • [ aa  āā aa ]
• • • • • [ēē ōō] •
ᩮᨾᨳᨶᨵᩮᨾᩣ ᨾ
[ēē  aa ōō]
• • • [āā ] •
1 -104 ᨷᨭ
ᩥ ᩈᩅᨲᩥ ᨾ ᩮᨿᩣ ᨶᨾᩥ ᩮᩥᩮᨲ
ᨲᨶ ᨶᨾᩥ ᨲ
ᩥᨲᩴ ᦀᩴᦅᨩᩣᩮᨲᨶ ᦀᩴᦅᨩᩣᨲ
ᨩᩣᨲᩴᩴ
[ ēē ] • • [āā ] • [ōō] [ ii ēē ]
• • • [ ii aa] • • [aa  āā ēē ]
• • • • [aa  āā aa]
• • •
ᦀᨶᨾᩮᩈᩣ ᨲᩃ
ᩥᩃᨹᩃᨾᨲ
ᨹᩃᨾᨲᨾᩥ ᨷᩮᩅᩮᩈᨲ
ᨷᩮᩅᩮᩈᨲᩥᩥ ᪅ᩮᩈᩣ ᨷᨭ
ᩥ ᩈᩅᨲᩥ ᨾ
[aa  ōō]
• • [ aa aa ] • • • [ ēē ēē ] • • • [ēē ōō] • [ ēē ] • • [āā ] •
1 -105 ᦀᨶᨾᩮᩈᩣ ᨲᩁᩥᩁᨧᨧᩣᨶᦅᨲᩣᨿᨷ

ᨶᦅᨲᩣᨿᨷᩦᨲᩦ ᩥ ᨲᩁᩥᩁᨧᨧᩣᨶᦅᨲ
ᨶᦅᨲᩥᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᩥᨿᩣᨷ
ᩣᨷᩥᩥ ᩮᨾᨳᨶᩴ ᨵᨾᩴ
[aa  ōō] • • [ aa āā  āā   ]
• • • • • • • [ aa āā  ii  āā ]
• • • • • • • [ēē  aa] • • [aa aa] •
ᨷᨭ
ᩥ ᩈᩅᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᩣ ᦀᩔᨾᩮᨱᩣ ᩮᩉᩣᨲ
ᩮᩉᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᦀᩈᦂᨷᨲᩥᩮᨿᩣ ᨷᩮᦅᩅ ᨾᨶᩔᨲ
ᩥᨲᩥᨿᩣ ᩮᨲᨶ ᩅᨧᨲᩥ
[ ēē ii ā]• • • [aa  ōō]
• • [ōō ] • [ aa  u
•u  ōō] • • • • [ ēē ] • • u ii  āā]
[ u • • • • [ēē ] • u ]
[u •
ᦀᨶᨾᩮᩈᩣ ᨲᩁᩥᩁᨧᨧᩣᨶᦅᨲᩣᨿᨷ
ᨶᦅᨲᩣᨿᨷᩦᨲᩦ ᩥ
[aa  ōō]
• • [ aa āā  āā   ]
• • • • • • •
1 -106 ᨷᩤᩁᩣᨩ
ᩮᩉᩣᨲᩦᨲᩦ ᩥ ᩮᩈᨿᨳᩣᨷ
ᩣᨷᩥᩥ ᨾ ᨷᩁᩮᩥᩮᩈᩣ
ᩈᩣ ᩈᩈᩦᩈᨧᨧᩥᩮ ᦀᨽᩮᨻ
ᦀᨽᩮᨻᩛᩣᩛ ᩮᨲᨶ
[āā āā  ōō] • • • [ōō  ] • • [  āā ] • • • [āā ] • [ ōō] • [ aa ii ōō]
• • • [ aa ōō]
• • [ēē ]•
ᩈᩁ
ᩈᩁᩦᩁᩁᨻᨶ
ᩦ ᨻᨶᩮᨶᨶ ᨩᩅᩦ ᨲ
ᩥᨲᩴ ᪅ᩅᩮᨾᩅ ᨽᦂ
ᩥ ᩈᩅᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᩣ ᦀᩔᨾᩮᨱᩣ
[   aa  ēē ]
• • • • • • u]
[  u • • [ēē  ēē ]
• • • [ii ] • [ēē  aa] • • [aa aa] • [ ēē ii ā] • • • [aa  ōō]
• •
ᩮᩉᩣᨲ
ᩮᩉᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᦀᩈᦂᨷᨲᩥᩮᨿᩣ ᩮᨲᨶ ᩅᨧᨲᩥ ᨷᩤᩁᩣᨩ
ᩮᩉᩣᨲᩦᨲᩦ ᩥ
[ōō ]
• [ aa  u
• u  ōō]
• • • • [ēē ] • u ]
[u • [āā āā  ōō]• • • [ōō  ] • •
1 -107 ᦀᩈ
ᩈᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᩈᩅᩴᩅᩤᩤᩮᩈᩣ ᨾ ᪅ᦂᦂᨾᩴ ᪅ᦂᩮᨴᩮᩈᩣ ᩈᨾᩈ
ᩈᨾᩈᩥᦂᦂ
ᩥ ᨲᩣ ᪅ᩮᩈᩣ
[ aa āā ōō ]
• • • • [aa āā ōō] • • [āā ] • [ēē  aa aa]
• • • [ēē u
u ēē ōō]
• • • [ ii  āā] • • • [ēē ōō]•
ᩈᩅᩴᩅᩤᩤᩮᩈᩣ ᨾ ᩮᩈᩣ ᩮᨲᨶ ᩈᨴ ᨶᨲᩥ ᩮᨲᨶ ᩅᨧᨲᩥ ᦀᩈ

ᩈᩣᨲᩥᩥ
[aa āā ōō]
• • [āā ] • [ōō] [ēē ] • [aa ii] • [aa ] • [ēē ] • u ]
[u • [ aa āā ōō ]
• • • •
1 -108 ᨲᩮᩥᩮᩔᩣ
ᩔᩣ ᦀᩥᨲᩥᩮᨿᩣ ᨾᨶᩔᨲ
ᩥᨲᩦ ᦀᨾᨶᩔᨲ
ᩥᨲᩦ ᨲᩁᩥᩁᨧᨧᩣᨶᦅᨲ
ᩥ ᩦ ᨲᩮᨿᩣ
[ii ōō] • [ii  ōō]• • u ii ]
[ u • • • u ii ]
[ u • • • [ aa āā  ii ]
• • • • • [ ōō] •
ᩏᨽᩮᨲᩣᨻᨬᨶᦂᩣ ᨾᨶᩔᨽᩮᨲᩣᨻᨬᨶᩮᦂᩣ ᦀᨾᨶᩔᨽᩮᨲᩣᨻᨬᨶᩮᦂᩣ

[ ōō a  āā]
• • • • u  ōō a  ōō]
[ u • • • • • • u  ōō a  ōō]
[ u • • • • • •
ᨲᩁᩥᩁᨧᨧᩣᨶᦅᨲᨽᩮᨲᩣᨻᨬᨶᩮᦂᩣ ᨲᩮᨿᩣ ᨷᨱᦂᩣ ᨾᨶᩔᨷᨱᩮᦂᩣ ᦀᨾᨶᩔᨷᨱᩮᦂᩣ

[ aa āā  ōō a  ōō]
• • • • • • • [ ōō] • [aa  āā] • • u  aa  ōō]
[ u • • • • • u  aa  ōō]
[ u • • • • •
ᨲᩁᩥᩁᨧᨧᩣᨶᦅᨲᨷᨱᩮᦂᩣ ᨲᩮᨿᩣ ᨷᩁᩈᩥᩈᩣᩣ ᨾᨶᩔᨷᩁᩮᩥᩮᩈᩣ

ᩈᩣ ᦀᨾᨶᩔᨷᩁᩮᩥᩮᩈᩣ
ᩈᩣ ᨲᩁᩥᩁᨧᨧᩣᨶᦅᨲᨷᩁᩮᩥᩮᩈᩣ
ᩈᩣ
[ aa āā  aa  ōō]
• • • • • • [ ōō] • [ āā] • u  ōō]
[ u • • • u  ōō]
[ u • • • [ aa āā  ōō]
• • • •
1 -109 ᨾᨶᩔᨲ
ᩥᨲᩥᨿᩣ ᨲᩮᨿᩣ ᨾᩮᦅ ᩮᨾᨳᨶᩴ ᨵᨾᩴ ᨷᨭ
ᨷᨭᩥᩮᩮᩈᩅᨶ
ᩥ ᩈᩅᨶᩔ ᦀᩣᨷᨲᩥ
u ii  āā]
[ u • • • • [ ōō] • [aa ēē] • [ēē  aa] • • [aa aa] • [ ēē aa aa ]
• • • • [āā aa ]
• •
ᨷᩤᩁᩣᨩ
ᩣᨩᩥᦂᦂᩔ
ᩥ ᩔ ᩅᨧᨾᩮᦅ ᨷᩔᩣᩅᨾᩮᦅ ᨾᩮᦃ ᦀᨾᨶᩔᨲ
ᩥᨲᩥᨿᩣ ᩮᨷ ᨲᩁᩥᩁᨧᨧᩣᨶᦅᨲ
ᩥ ᩥᨿᩣ
[āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [aa  aa ēē] • • • [aa āā  aa ēē] • • • • [ ēē] • u ii  āā]
[ u • • • • [ēē] [ aa āā  ii  āā]
• • • • • •
ᨲᩮᨿᩣ ᨾᩮᦅ ᩮᨾᨳᨶᩴ ᨵᨾᩴ ᨷᨭ

ᩥ ᩈᩅᨶᩔ ᦀᩣᨷᨲᩥ ᨷᩤᩁᩣᨩ
ᩣᨩᩥᦂᦂᩔ
ᩥ ᩔ ᩅᨧᨾᩮᦅ
[ ōō]
• [aa ēē] • [ēē  aa] • • [aa aa] • [ ēē aa aa ] • • • • [āā aa ]• • [āā āā  aa ]• • • • [aa  aa ēē] • • •
ᨷᩔᩣᩅᨾᩮᦅ ᨾᩮᦃ ᨾᨶᩔᨽᩮᨲᩣᨻᨬᨶᦂᩔ ᦀᨾᨶᩔᨽᩮᨲᩣᨻᨬᨶᦂᩔ

[aa āā  aa ēē]
• • • • [ ēē] • u  ōō a  aa ]
[ u • • • • • • • u  ōō a  aa ]
[ u • • • • • • •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
42
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
ᨲᩁᩥᩁᨧᨧᩣᨶᦅᨲᨽᩮᨲᩣᨻᨬᨶᦂᩔ ᨲᩮᨿᩣ ᨾᩮᦅ ᩮᨾᨳᨶᩴ ᨵᨾᩴ ᨷᨭ

ᩥ ᩈᩅᨶᩔ
[ aa āā  ōō a  aa ] [ ōō] [aa ēē] [ēē  aa] [aa aa] [ ēē aa aa ]
ᦂ [k]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
ᦀᩣᨷᨲᩥ ᨷᩤᩁᩣᨩ
ᩣᨩᩥᦂᦂᩔ
ᩥ ᩔ ᩅᨧᨾᩮᦅ ᨷᩔᩣᩅᨾᩮᦅ ᨾᩮᦃ ᨾᨶᩔᨷᨱᦂᩔ ᩮᨴ ᨾᩮᦅ ᦃ [kʰ]
[āā aa ]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [aa  aa ēē] • • • [aa āā  aa ēē] • • • • [ ēē] • u  aa  aa ]
[ u • • • • • • [ē] [aa ēē] •
ᦅ [g]
ᩥ ᩈᩅᨶᩔ ᦀᩣᨷᨲᩥ ᨷᩤᩁᩣᨩ
ᩣᨩᩥᦂᦂᩔ
ᩥ ᩔ ᩅᨧᨾᩮᦅ ᨾᩮᦃ
[ēē  aa] • • [aa aa] • [ ēē aa aa ] • • • • [āā aa ]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [aa  aa ēē] • • • [ ēē] • ᨥ [gʰ]
ᦀᨾᨶᩔᨷᨱᦂᩔ ᨲᩁᩥᩁᨧᨧᩣᨶᦅᨲᨷᨱᦂᩔ ᨾᨶᩔᨷᩁᩈᩥᩈᩔ

ᩔ ᦀᨾᨶᩔᨷᩁᩈᩥᩈᩔ
ᩔ ᨦ [ṅ]
u  aa  aa ]
[ u • • • • • • [ aa āā  aa  aa ]
• • • • • • • u  aa ]
[ u • • • • u  aa ]
[ u • • • •
ᨧ [c]
ᨲᩁᩥᩁᨧᨧᩣᨶᦅᨲᨷᩁᩈᩥᩈᩔ
ᩔ ᩮᨴ ᨾᩮᦅ ᩮᨾᨳᨶᩴ ᨵᨾᩴ ᨷᨭ
ᩥ ᩈᩅᨶᩔ ᦀᩣᨷᨲᩥ ᦉ [cʰ]
[ aa āā  aa ]
• • • • • [ē] [aa ēē] • [ēē  aa] • • [aa aa] • [ ēē aa aa ] • • • • [āā aa ]• •
ᨩ [j]
ᨷᩤᩁᩣᨩ
ᩣᨩᩥᦂᦂᩔ
ᩥ ᩔ ᩅᨧᨾᩮᦅ ᨾᩮᦃ
[āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [aa  aa ēē] • • • [ ēē] • ᨫ [jʰ]
1 -110 ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩᩔ ᩮᩈᩅᨶᨧ
ᩮᩈᩅᨶᨧᩥᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᩴ ᩏᨷᨭᩥᩮᨲ ᨾᨶᩔᨲ
ᩥᨲᩥᨿᩣ ᩅᨧᨾᦅᩴ ᨬ [ñ]
[ii u
u ] • • [ēē  ii aa]
• • • [ aa  ēē]
• • • u ii  āā]
[ u • • • • [aa  aa aa]
• • •
ᨭ [ṭ]
ᦀᩴᦅᨩᩣᨲ
ᨩᩣᨲᩴᩴ ᨷᩮᩅᩮᩈᨶᩔ ᦀᩣᨷᨲᩥ ᨷᩤᩁᩣᨩ
ᩣᨩᩥᦂᦂᩔ
ᩥ ᩔ ᨽᦂ
ᩥ ᩴ ᩏᨷᨭᩥᩮᨲ ᨮ [ṭʰ]
[aa  āā aa]
• • • [ ēē  aa ]
• • • • [āā aa ]• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [ii u
u ] • • [ēē  ii aa]
• • • [ aa  ēē]
• • •
ᨯ [ḍ]
ᨾᨶᩔᨲ
ᩥᨲᩥᨿᩣ ᨷᩔᩣᩅᨾᦅᩴ ᨾᦃᩴ ᦀᩴᦅᨩᩣᨲ
ᩣᨩᩥᦂᦂᩔ
ᩥ ᩔ
u ii  āā]
[ u • • • • [aa āā  aa aa] • • • • [ aa] • [aa  āā aa]
• • • [ ēē  aa ]• • • • [āā aa ]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • ᨰ [ḍʰ]
ᨽᦂ
ᩥ ᩴ ᩏᨷᨭᩥᩮᨲ ᦀᨾᨶᩔᨲ
ᩥᨲᩥᨿᩣ ᨲᩁᩥᩁᨧᨧᩣᨶᦅᨲ
ᩥ ᩥᨿᩣ ᨱ [ṇ]
[ii u
u ] • • [ēē  ii aa]
• • • [ aa  ēē]
• • • u ii  āā]
[ u • • • • [ aa āā  ii  āā]
• • • • • •
ᨲ [t]
ᨾᨶᩔᨽᩮᨲᩣᨻᨬᨶᦂᩔ ᦀᨾᨶᩔᨽᩮᨲᩣᨻᨬᨶᦂᩔ ᨲᩁᩥᩁᨧᨧᩣᨶᦅᨲᨽᩮᨲᩣᨻᨬᨶᦂᩔ ᨳ [tʰ]
u  ōō a  aa ]
[ u • • • • • • • u  ōō a  aa ]
[ u • • • • • • • [ aa āā  ōō a  aa ]
• • • • • • • •
ᨴ [d]
ᩅᨧᨾᦅᩴ ᨷᩔᩣᩅᨾᦅᩴ ᨾᦃᩴ ᦀᩴᦅᨩᩣᨲ
ᩣᨩᩥᦂᦂᩔ
ᩥ ᩔ
[aa  aa aa] • • • [aa āā  aa aa] • • • • [ aa] • [aa  āā aa] • • • [ ēē  aa ]
• • • • [āā aa ]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • •
ᨵ [dʰ]
ᨽᦂ
ᩥ ᩴ ᩏᨷᨭᩥᩮᨲ ᨾᨶᩔᨷᨱᦂᩔ ᩅᨧᨾᦅᩴ ᨾᦃᩴ ᦀᩴᦅᨩᩣᨲ
ᨩᩣᨲᩴᩴ ᨶ [n]
[ii u
u ] • • [ēē  ii aa]
• • • [ aa  ēē]
• • • u  aa  aa ]
[ u • • • • • • [aa  aa aa]
• • • [ aa] • [aa  āā aa]
• • •
ᨷ [p]
ᨷᩮᩅᩮᩈᨶᩔ ᦀᩣᨷᨲᩥ ᨷᩤᩁᩣᨩ

ᩣᨩᩥᦂᦂᩔ
ᩥ ᩔ ᨽᦂ
ᩥ ᩴ ᩏᨷᨭᩥᩮᨲ ᨹ [pʰ]
[ ēē  aa ]
• • • • [āā aa ]• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [ii u
u ] • • [ēē  ii aa]
• • • [ aa  ēē]
• • •
ᨻ [b]
ᦀᨾᨶᩔᨷᨱᦂᩔ ᨲᩁᩥᩁᨧᨧᩣᨶᦅᨲᨷᨱᦂᩔ ᨾᨶᩔᨷᩁᩈᩥᩈᩔ
ᩔ ᦀᨾᨶᩔᨷᩁᩈᩥᩈᩔ
ᩔ
u  aa  aa ]
[ u • • • • • • [ aa āā  aa  aa ]
• • • • • • • u  aa ]
[ u • • • • u  aa ]
[ u • • • •
ᨽ [bʰ]
ᨲᩁᩥᩁᨧᨧᩣᨶᦅᨲᨷᩁᩈᩥᩈᩔ
ᩔ ᩅᨧᨾᦅᩴ ᨾᦃᩴ ᦀᩴᦅᨩᩣᨲ
ᨩᩣᨲᩴᩴ ᨷᩮᩅᩮᩈᨶᩔ ᦀᩣᨷᨲᩥ ᨾ [m]
[ aa āā  aa ]
• • • • • [aa  aa aa] • • • [ aa] • [aa  āā aa] • • • [ ēē  aa ]
• • • • [āā aa ]
• •
ᨿ [y]
ᨷᩤᩁᩣᨩ
ᩣᨩᩥᦂᦂᩔ
ᩥ ᩔ ᩁ [r]
[āā āā  aa ]
• • • •
ᩃ [l]
1 -111 ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩᨷᨧᨲᩥᦂᩣ ᨾᨶᩔᨲ
ᩥᨲ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩᩔ ᩈᨶᩥᩮᦂ ᦀᩣᩮᨶᨲᩣ
[ii  aa aa  āā]
• • • • • u ii ii]
[ u • • • [ii u
u ] • • [aa  ēē] • • [āā ēē ā]
• •
ᩅ [v]
ᩅᨧᨾᩮᦅᨶ ᦀᩴᦅᨩᩣᨲ
ᨩᩣᨲᩴᩴ ᦀᨽ
ᦀᨽᩥᨶᩥ ᩈᩥ ᩮᩦᩮᨴᨶ
ᨴᨶᩥ ᩮᩈᩣ ᩮᨧ ᨷᩮᩅᩈᨶ
ᨷᩮᩅᩈᨶᩴᩴ ᩈᩣᨴ
ᩈᩣᨴᩥᨿᨿᨲᩥ
ᩥ ᨲᩥ ᨷᩅ
ᨷᩅᩥᨭᨭᩥ ᩴ ᩈᩣᨴ
ᩥ ᨲᩥ ᩈ [s]
[aa  aa ēē ] • • • • [aa  āā aa]
• • • [   ] • • • [ōō] [ēē] [ ēē  aa]• • • [āā ]• [ ii aa] • • [āā ]•
ᩉ [h]
ᨮᨲ
ᩥ ᩴ ᩈᩣᨴ
ᩥ ᨲᩥ ᩏᨴᩁᨱ
ᨱᩴᩴ ᩈᩣᨴ
ᩥ ᨲᩥ ᦀᩣᨷᨲᩥ ᨷᩤᩁᩣᨩ
ᩣᨩᩥᦂᦂᩔ
ᩥ ᩔ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᨲ ᩊ [ḷ]
[ aa] • [āā ] • u  aa]
[u • • [āā ] • [āā aa ]• • [āā āā  aa ]• • • • [ii  aa aa  āā]
• • • • • u ii ii]
[ u • • •
ᦀᩴ [ŋ̊]
ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩᩔ ᩈᨶᩥᩮᦂ ᦀᩣᩮᨶᨲᩣ ᩅᨧᨾᩮᦅᨶ ᦀᩴᦅᨩᩣᨲ
ᨷᩮᩅᩈᨶᩴᩴ
[ii u
u ] • • [aa  ēē]
• • [āā ēē ā]
• • [aa  aa ēē ] • • • • [aa  āā aa]
• • • [   ] • • • [ōō] [ēē] [ ēē  aa]
• • •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
43
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
ᨶ ᩈᩣᨴ
ᩥ ᨲᩥ ᨷᩅ
ᩥ ᨲᩥ ᨮᨲ
ᩥ ᩴ ᩈᩣᨴ
ᨱᩴᩴ ᩈᩣᨴ
ᩣᨩᩥᦂᦂᩔ
ᩥ ᩔ
[] [āā ]• [ ii aa]
• • [āā ]
• [ aa] • [āā ] • u  aa]
[u • • [āā ]
• [āā aa ]
• • [āā āā  aa ]• • • •
ᨽᦂ
ᨩᩣᨲᩴᩴ
[ii  aa aa  āā]
• • • • • u ii ii]
[ u • • • [ii u
u ] • • [aa  ēē] • • [āā ēē ā]
• • [aa  aa ēē ]
• • • • [aa  āā aa] • • •
ᦀᨽ
ᨷᩮᩅᩈᨶᩴᩴ ᨶ ᩈᩣᨴ
ᩥ ᨲᩥ ᨷᩅ
ᨷᩅᩥᨭᨭᩥ ᩴ ᨶ ᩈᩣᨴ
ᩥ ᨲᩥ ᨮᨲ
ᩥ ᩴ ᩈᩣᨴ
ᩥ ᨲᩥ
[   ] • • • [ōō] [ēē] [ ēē  aa]
• • • [] [āā ] • [ ii aa] • • [] [āā ] • [ aa] • [āā ]
•
ᩏᨴᩁᨱ
ᨱᩴᩴ ᩈᩣᨴ
ᩣᨩᩥᦂᦂᩔ
ᩥ ᩔ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩᩔ ᩈᨶᩥᩮᦂ
u  aa]
[u • • [āā ]• [āā aa ]
• • [āā āā  aa ]• • • • [ii  aa aa  āā]
• • • • • u ii ii]
[ u • • • [ii u
u ] • • [aa  ēē] • •
ᦀᩣᩮᨶᨲᩣ ᩅᨧᨾᩮᦅᨶ ᦀᩴᦅᨩᩣᨲ

ᩥ ᨲᩥ
[āā ēē ā]
• • [aa  aa ēē ]
• • • • [aa  āā aa]
• • • [   ] • • • [ōō] [ēē] [ ēē  aa]
• • • [] [āā ] •
ᨷᩅ
ᩥ ᨲᩥ ᨮᨲ
ᩥ ᩴ ᨶ ᩈᩣᨴ
ᨱᩴᩴ ᩈᩣᨴ
ᩣᨩᩥᦂᦂᩔ
ᩥ ᩔ
[ ii aa]
• • [] [āā ]
• [ aa]• [] [āā ]
• u  aa]
[u • • [āā ]
• [āā aa ]• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • •
ᨽᦂ
ᨩᩣᨲᩴᩴ
[ii  aa aa  āā]
• • • • • u ii ii]
[ u • • • [ii u
u ] • • [aa  ēē] • • [āā ēē ā]
• • [aa  aa ēē ]
• • • • [aa  āā aa] • • •
ᦀᨽ
ᩥ ᨲᩥ ᨷᩅ
ᩥ ᨲᩥ ᨮᨲ
ᩥ ᩴ ᨶ ᩈᩣᨴ
ᩥ ᨲᩥ
[   ] • • • [ōō] [ēē] [ ēē  aa]
• • • [] [āā ] • [ ii aa] • • [] [āā ] • [ aa] • [] [āā ]•
ᩏᨴᩁᨱ
ᨱᩴᩴ ᨶ ᩈᩣᨴ
ᩥ ᨲᩥ ᦀᨷᨲᩥ
u  aa]
[u • • [] [āā ]• [ āā aa ]
• • •
1 -112 ᨽᦂ
[ii  aa aa  āā]
• • • • • u ii ii]
[ u • • • [ii u
u ] • • [aa  ēē] • • [āā ēē ā]
• •
ᨷᩔᩣᩅᨾᩮᦅᨶ ᨾᩮᦃᨶ ᦀᩴᦅᨩᩣᨲ

ᩥ ᨲᩥ ᨷᩅ
ᨷᩅᩥᨭᨭᩥ ᩴ
[aa āā  aa ēē ]
• • • • • [ ēē ] • • [aa  āā aa]
• • • [   ] • • • [ōō] [ēē] [ ēē  aa]• • • [āā ]
• [ ii aa] • •
ᩈᩣᨴ
ᩥ ᨲᩥ ᨮᨲ
ᩥ ᩴ ᩈᩣᨴ
ᨱᩴᩴ ᩈᩣᨴ
ᩣᨩᩥᦂᦂᩔ
ᩥ ᩔ ᩮᨷ ᨶ ᩈᩣᨴ
ᩥ ᨲᩥ
[āā ]
• [ aa] • [āā ]• u  aa]
[u • • [āā ]
• [āā aa ]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [ēē] [] [āā ] •
ᦀᨷᨲᩥ
[ āā aa ]
• • •
1 -113 ᨽᦂ
ᩥᨲ ᨩᩣᦅᩁᨶ ᩈᨲᩴ ᨾᨲᩴ ᩏᨾᨲᩴ
[ii  aa aa  āā]
• • • • • u ii ii]
[ u • • • [āā  aa ii]
• • • u aa]
[u • [aa aa] • u aa aa]
[u • •
ᨷᨾᨲᩴ ᨾᨲ
ᨾᨲᩴᩴ ᦀᦂᩣᨿᨿᩥᨲᩥ ᩴ ᨾᨲ
ᨾᨲᩴᩴ ᩮᨿᨽᩮᨿᨶ ᦀᦂᩣᨿᨿᩥᨲᩥ ᩴ ᩮᨷ ᦀᩣᨷᨲᩥ ᨷᩤᩁᩣᨩ
ᩣᨩᩥᦂᦂᩔ
ᩥ ᩔ
[ aa aa]
• • [ aa] • [aa āā  aa]
• • • [ aa] • [ēē u
u ēē ]
• • • [aa āā  aa] • • • [ēē] [āā aa ]• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • •
ᨾᨲ
ᨾᨲᩴᩴ ᩮᨿᨽᩮᨿᨶ ᦃᩣᨿ
ᦃᩣᨿᩥᨲᩥ ᩴ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩᩔ ᩈᨶᩥᩮᦂ ᦀᩣᩮᨶᨲᩣ ᩅᨧᨾᩮᦅᨶ ᨷᩔᩣᩅᨾᩮᦅᨶ
[ aa] • [ēē u
u ēē ]
• • • [āā  aa] • • [ii u
u ] • • [aa  ēē] • • [āā ēē ā]
• • [aa  aa ēē ]
• • • • [aa āā  aa ēē ]
• • • • •
ᨾᩮᦃᨶ ᦀᩴᦅᨩᩣᨲ
ᩥ ᨲᩥ ᨷᩅ
ᩥ ᨲᩥ ᨮᨲ
ᩥ ᩴ
[ ēē ] • • [aa  āā aa]
• • • [   ] • • • [ōō] [ēē] [ ēē  aa]• • • [āā ] • [ ii aa] • • [āā ] • [ aa] •
ᩈᩣᨴ
ᨱᩴᩴ ᩈᩣᨴ
ᩥ ᨲᩥ ᦀᩣᨷᨲᩥ ᨳᩃᨧᨿᩔ ᩮᨷ ᨶ ᩈᩣᨴ
[āā ]
• u  aa]
[u • • [āā ]• [āā aa ]• • u aa  aa ]
[u • • • • [ēē] [] [āā ]• [ āā aa ]
• • •
1 -114 ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩᨷᨧᨲᩥᦂᩣ ᦀᨾᨶᩔᨲ
ᩥᨲ ᨲᩁᩥᩁᨧᨧᩣᨶᦅᨲ
ᩥ 
[ii  aa aa  āā]
• • • • • u ii ii]
[ u • • • [ aa āā  ii ii]
• • • • •
ᨾᨶᩔᨽᩮᨲᩣᨻᨬᨶᦂᩴ ᦀᨾᨶᩔᨽᩮᨲᩣᨻᨬᨶᦂᩴ ᨲᩁᩥᩁᨧᨧᩣᨶᦅᨲᨽᩮᨲᩣᨻᨬᨶᦂᩴ

u  ōō a  aa]
[ u • • • • • • u  ōō a  aa]
[ u • • • • • • [ aa āā  ōō a  aa]
• • • • • • •
ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩᩔ ᩈᨶᩥᩮᦂ ᦀᩣᩮᨶᨲᩣ ᩅᨧᨾᩮᦅᨶ ᨷᩔᩣᩅᨾᩮᦅᨶ ᨾᩮᦃᨶ ᦀᩴᦅᨩᩣᨲ
ᨩᩣᨲᩴᩴ
[ii u
u ] • • [aa  ēē] • • [āā ēē ā]
• • [aa  aa ēē ] • • • • [aa āā  aa ēē ]
• • • • • [ ēē ] • • [aa  āā aa]
• • •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
44
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
ᦀᨽ
ᩥ ᨲᩥ ᨷᩅ
ᩥ ᨲᩥ ᨮᨲ
ᩥ ᩴ ᩈᩣᨴ
ᨱᩴᩴ
[   ] [ōō] [ēē] [ ēē  aa] [āā ] [ ii aa] [āā ] [ aa] [āā ] u  aa]
[u
ᦂ [k]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •
ᩈᩣᨴ
ᩣᨩᩥᦂᦂᩔ
ᩥ ᨲᩥ ᦀᨷᨲᩥ ᦃ [kʰ]
[āā ]
• [āā aa ]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [ēē] [] [āā ] • [ āā aa ]
• • •
ᦅ [g]
1 -115 ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩᨷᨧᨲᩥᦂᩣ ᨲᩁᩥᩁᨧᨧᩣᨶᦅᨲᨽᩮᨲᩣᨻᨬᨶᦂᩴ ᨩᩣᦅᩁᨶᩴ ᩈᨲᩴ
[ii  aa aa  āā]
• • • • • [ aa āā  ōō a  aa]
• • • • • • • [āā  aa aa]
• • • u aa]
[u • ᨥ [gʰ]
ᨾᨲᩴ ᩏᨾᨲᩴ ᨷᨾᨲᩴ ᨾᨲ

ᨾᨲᩴᩴ ᩮᨿᨽᩮᨿᨶ ᦀᦂᩣᨿᨿᩥᨲᩥ ᩴ ᩮᨷ ᨦ [ṅ]
[aa aa] u aa aa]

[u [ aa aa] [ aa] [aa āā  aa] [ aa] [ēē u
u ēē ] [aa āā  aa] [ēē]
ᨧ
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
[c]
ᩣᨩᩥᦂᦂᩔ
ᩥ ᩔ ᨾᨲ
ᩥᦂᩩᩔ ᩈᨶᩥᩮᦂ ᦀᩣᩮᨶᨲᩣ ᦉ [cʰ]
[āā aa ]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [ aa] • [ēē u
u ēē ]
• • • [āā  aa] • • [ii u
u ] • • [aa  ēē] • • [āā ēē ā]
• •
ᨩ [j]
ᩅᨧᨾᩮᦅᨶ ᨷᩔᩣᩅᨾᩮᦅᨶ ᨾᩮᦃᨶ ᦀᩴᦅᨩᩣᨲ
[aa  aa ēē ]
• • • • [aa āā  aa ēē ]
• • • • • [ ēē ] • • [aa  āā aa]
• • • [   ] • • • [ōō] [ēē] [ ēē  aa]
• • • ᨫ [jʰ]
ᩈᩣᨴ
ᩥ ᨲᩥ ᨷᩅ
ᩥ ᨲᩥ ᨮᨲ
ᩥ ᩴ ᩈᩣᨴ
ᨱᩴᩴ ᩈᩣᨴ
ᩥ ᨲᩥ ᦀᩣᨷᨲᩥ ᨳᩃᨧᨿᩔ ᨬ [ñ]
[āā ]
• [ ii aa]
• • [āā ] • [ aa]
• [āā ]• u  aa]
[u • • [āā ] • [āā aa ]
• • u aa  aa ]
[u • • • •
ᨭ [ṭ]
ᩮᨷ ᨶ ᩈᩣᨴ
ᩥ ᨲᩥ ᦀᨷᨲᩥ ᨮ [ṭʰ]
[ēē] [] [āā ]• [ āā aa ]
• • •
ᨯ [ḍ]
1 -116 ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩᨷᨧᨲᩥᦂᩣ ᨾᨶᩔᨷᨱᦂᩴ ᦀᨾᨶᩔᨷᨱᦂᩴ
[ii  aa aa  āā]
• • • • • u  aa  aa]
[ u • • • • • u  aa  aa]
[ u • • • • • ᨰ [ḍʰ]
ᨲᩁᩥᩁᨧᨧᩣᨶᦅᨲᨷᨱᦂᩴ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩᩔ ᩈᨶᩥᩮᦂ ᦀᩣᩮᨶᨲᩣ ᩅᨧᨾᩮᦅᨶ ᨾᩮᦃᨶ ᦀᩴᦅᨩᩣᨲ
ᨩᩣᨲᩴᩴ ᨱ [ṇ]
[ aa āā  aa  aa] [ii u
u ] [aa  ēē] [āā ēē ā] [aa  aa ēē ] [ ēē ] [aa  āā aa]
ᨲ [t]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
ᦀᨽ
ᩥ ᨲᩥ ᨷᩅ
ᩥ ᨲᩥ ᨮᨲ
ᩥ ᩴ ᩈᩣᨴ
ᨱᩴᩴ ᨳ [tʰ]
[   ] • • • [ōō] [ēē] [ ēē  aa]
• • • [āā ]• [ ii aa] • • [āā ] • [ aa] • [āā ] • u  aa]
[u • •
ᨴ [d]
ᩈᩣᨴ
ᩣᨩᩥᦂᦂᩔ
[āā ]
• [āā aa ]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [ēē] [] [āā ] • [ āā aa ]
• • • ᨵ [dʰ]
1 -117 ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩᨷᨧᨲᩥᦂᩣ ᨲᩁᩥᩁᨧᨧᩣᨶᦅᨲᨷᨱᦂᩴ ᨩᩣᦅᩁᨶᩴ ᩈᨲᩴ ᨾᨲᩴ ᨶ [n]
[ii  aa aa  āā] [ aa āā  aa  aa] [āā  aa aa] u aa]
[u [aa aa]
ᨷ
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
[p]
ᩏᨾᨲᩴ ᨷᨾᨲᩴ ᨾᨲ
ᨾᨲᩴᩴ ᩮᨿᨽᩮᨿᨶ ᦀᦂᩣᨿᨿᩥᨲᩥ ᩴ ᩮᨷ ᦀᩣᨷᨲᩥ ᨹ [pʰ]
u aa aa]
[u • • [ aa aa] • • [ aa] • [aa āā  aa]
• • • [ aa] • [ēē u
u ēē ] • • • [aa āā  aa]
• • • [ēē] [āā aa ]
• •
ᨻ [b]
ᨷᩤᩁᩣᨩ
ᩣᨩᩥᦂᦂᩔ
ᩥ ᩔ ᨾᨲ
ᩥᦂᩩᩔ ᩈᨶᩥᩮᦂ ᦀᩣᩮᨶᨲᩣ ᩅᨧᨾᩮᦅᨶ
[āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [ aa] • [ēē u
u ēē ]• • • [āā  aa]
• • [ii u
u ] • • [aa  ēē] • • [āā ēē ā]
• • [aa  aa ēē ] • • • • ᨽ [bʰ]
ᩥ ᨲᩥ ᨷᩅ
ᩥ ᨲᩥ ᨮᨲ
ᩥ ᩴ ᨾ [m]
[ ēē ] • • [aa  āā aa]
• • • [   ] • • • [ōō] [ēē] [ ēē  aa] • • • [āā ] • [ ii aa]
• • [āā ]
• [ aa]
•
ᨿ [y]
ᩈᩣᨴ
ᨱᩴᩴ ᩈᩣᨴ
ᩥ ᨲᩥ ᦀᨷᨲᩥ ᩁ [r]
[āā ]
• u  aa]
[u • • [āā ] • [āā aa ]
• • u aa  aa ]
[u • • • • [ēē] [] [āā ] • [ āā aa ]
• • •
ᩃ [l]
1 -118 ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩᨷᨧᨲᩥᦂᩣ ᨾᨶᩔᨷᩁᩈᩥ ᩴ ᦀᨾᨶᩔᨷᩁᩈᩥ ᩴ
[ii  aa aa  āā]
• • • • • u  aa]
[ u • • • u  aa]
[ u • • • ᩅ [v]
ᨲᩁᩥᩁᨧᨧᩣᨶᦅᨲᨷᩁᩈᩥ ᩴ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩᩔ ᩈᨶᩥᩮᦂ ᦀᩣᩮᨶᨲᩣ ᩅᨧᨾᩮᦅᨶ ᨾᩮᦃᨶ ᦀᩴᦅᨩᩣᨲ
ᨩᩣᨲᩴᩴ ᩈ [s]
[ aa āā  aa]
• • • • [ii u
u ] • • [aa  ēē] • • [āā ēē ā]• • [aa  aa ēē ] • • • • [ ēē ] • • [aa  āā aa]
• • •
ᩉ [h]
ᦀᨽ
ᩥ ᨲᩥ ᨷᩅ
ᩥ ᨲᩥ ᨮᨲ
ᩥ ᩴ ᩈᩣᨴ
ᨱᩴᩴ ᩊ [ḷ]
[   ] • • • [ōō] [ēē] [ ēē  aa]
• • • [āā ]• [ ii aa] • • [āā ] • [ aa] • [āā ] • u  aa]
[u • •
ᦀᩴ [ŋ̊]
ᩈᩣᨴ
ᩣᨩᩥᦂᦂᩔ
[āā ]
• [āā aa ]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [ēē] [] [āā ] • [ āā aa ]
• • •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
45
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
1 -119 ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩᨷᨧᨲᩥᦂᩣ ᨲᩁᩥᩁᨧᨧᩣᨶᦅᨲᨷᩁᩈᩥ ᩴ ᨩᩣᦅᩁᨶᩴ ᩈᨲᩴ ᨾᨲᩴ
[ii  aa aa  āā]
• • • • • [ aa āā  aa]
• • • • [āā  aa aa]
• • • u aa]
[u • [aa aa] •
ᨾᨲᩴᩴ ᩮᨿᨽᩮᨿᨶ ᦀᦂᩣᨿᨿᩥᨲᩥ ᩴ ᩮᨷ ᦀᩣᨷᨲᩥ
u aa aa]
[u • • [ aa aa] • • [ aa] • [aa āā  aa] • • • [ aa] • [ēē u
u ēē ] • • • [aa āā  aa]
• • • [ēē] [āā aa ]
• •
ᨷᩤᩁᩣᨩ
ᩣᨩᩥᦂᦂᩔ
ᩥ ᩔ ᨾᨲ
[āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [ aa] • [ēē u
u ēē ]
• • • [āā  aa] • • [ii u
u ] • • [aa  ēē] • • [āā ēē ā]
• • [aa  aa ēē ]
• • • •
ᩥ ᨲᩥ ᨷᩅ
ᩥ ᨲᩥ ᨮᨲ
ᩥ ᩴ
[ ēē ] • • [aa  āā aa]
• • • [   ] • • • [ōō] [ēē] [ ēē  aa] • • • [āā ] • [ ii aa] • • [āā ] • [ aa]
•
ᩈᩣᨴ
ᨱᩴᩴ ᩈᩣᨴ
[āā ]
• u  aa]
[u • • [āā ]
• [āā aa ]
• • u aa  aa ]
[u • • • • [ēē] [] [āā ] • [ āā aa ]
• • •
1 -120 ᨽᦂ
[ii  aa aa  āā]
• • • • • u ii ii]
[ u • • • [ii u
u ] • • [aa  ēē] • • [āā ēē ā]
• •

ᨴᨶᩥ ᩈᨶᨲᩣᨿ
[aa  aa ēē ]
• • • • [aa āā  aa ēē ] • • • • • [ ēē ] • • [aa  āā aa] • • • [   ] • • • [aa  āā ] • • •
ᦀᩈᨶᨲᩔ ᦀᩈᨶᨲᩣᨿ ᩈᨶᨲᩔ ᩈᨶᨲᩣᨿ ᩈᨶᨲᩔ ᦀᩈᨶᨲᩣᨿ ᦀᩈᨶᨲᩔ

[ aa  aa ]
• • • • [ aa  āā ]
• • • • [aa  aa ]
• • • [aa  āā ] • • • [aa  aa ] • • • [ aa  āā ]
• • • • [ aa  aa ]
• • • •
ᩮᩈᩣ ᩮᨧ ᨷᩮᩅᩈᨶ
ᩥ ᨲᩥ ᨷᩅ
ᩥ ᨲᩥ ᨮᨲ
ᩥ ᩴ ᩈᩣᨴ
ᨱᩴᩴ ᩈᩣᨴ
ᩥ ᨲᩥ
[ōō] [ēē] [ ēē  aa]• • • [āā ] • [ ii aa] • • [āā ] • [ aa] • [āā ] • u  aa]
[u • • [āā ] •
ᩣᨩᩥᦂᦂᩔ
[āā aa ]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [ēē] [] [āā ] • [ āā aa ]
• • •
1 -121 ᨽᦂ
ᩥᨲ ᨩᩣᦅᩁᨶ ᩈᨲᩴ ᨾᨲᩴ ᩏᨾᨲᩴ
[ii  aa aa  āā]
• • • • • u ii ii]
[ u • • • [āā  aa ii]
• • • u aa]
[u • [aa aa] • u aa aa]
[u • •
ᨷᨾᨲᩴ ᨾᨲ
ᨾᨲᩴᩴ ᩮᨿᨽᩮᨿᨶ ᦀᦂᩣᨿᨿᩥᨲᩥ ᩴ ᩮᨷ ᦀᩣᨷᨲᩥ ᨷᩤᩁᩣᨩ
ᩣᨩᩥᦂᦂᩔ
ᩥ ᩔ
[ aa aa]
• • [ aa] • [aa āā  aa]
• • • [ aa] • [ēē u
u ēē ]• • • [aa āā  aa] • • • [ēē] [āā aa ]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • •
ᨾᨲ
ᩥᦂᩩᩔ ᩈᨶᩥᩮᦂ ᦀᩣᩮᨶᨲᩣ ᩅᨧᨾᩮᦅᨶ ᨷᩔᩣᩅᨾᩮᦅᨶ
[ aa] • [ēē u
u ēē ]
• • • [āā  aa] • • [ii u
u ] • • [aa  ēē] • • [āā ēē ā]
• • [aa  aa ēē ]
• • • • [aa āā  aa ēē ]
• • • • •
ᨴᨶᩥ ᩈᨶᨲᩣᨿ ᦀᩈᨶᨲᩔ ᦀᩈᨶᨲᩣᨿ ᩈᨶᨲᩔ
[ ēē ] • • [aa  āā aa]
• • • [   ] • • • [aa  āā ] • • • [ aa  aa ]
• • • • [ aa  āā ]
• • • • [aa  aa ]
• • •
ᩈᨶᨲᩣᨿ ᩈᨶᨲᩔ ᦀᩈᨶᨲᩣᨿ ᦀᩈᨶᨲᩔ ᩮᩈᩣ ᩮᨧ ᨷᩮᩅᩈᨶ

ᩥ ᨲᩥ ᨷᩅ
[aa  āā ]
• • • [aa  aa ] • • • [ aa  āā ]
• • • • [ aa  aa ]
• • • • [ōō] [ēē] [ ēē  aa] • • • [āā ]• [ ii aa] • •
ᩈᩣᨴ
ᩥ ᨲᩥ ᨮᨲ
ᩥ ᩴ ᩈᩣᨴ
ᨱᩴᩴ ᩈᩣᨴ
ᩥ ᨲᩥ
[āā ]
• [ aa] • [āā ] • u  aa]
[u • • [āā ] • [āā aa ]• • u aa  aa ]
[u • • • • [ēē] [] [āā ] •
ᦀᨷᨲᩥ
[ āā aa ]
• • •
1 -122 ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩᨷᨧᨲᩥᦂᩣ ᦀᨾᨶᩔᨲ
ᩥᨲ ᨲᩁᩥᩁᨧᨧᩣᨶᦅᨲ
ᩥ 
[ii  aa aa  āā]
• • • • • u ii ii]
[ u • • • [ aa āā  ii ii]
• • • • •
ᨾᨶᩔᨽᩮᨲᩣᨻᨬᨶᦂᩴ ᦀᨾᨶᩔᨽᩮᨲᩣᨻᨬᨶᦂᩴ ᨲᩁᩥᩁᨧᨧᩣᨶᦅᨲᨽᩮᨲᩣᨻᨬᨶᦂᩴ

u  ōō a  aa]
[ u • • • • • • u  ōō a  aa]
[ u • • • • • • [ aa āā  ōō a  aa]
• • • • • • •
ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩᩔ ᩈᨶᩥᩮᦂ ᦀᩣᩮᨶᨲᩣ ᩅᨧᨾᩮᦅᨶ ᨷᩔᩣᩅᨾᩮᦅᨶ ᨾᩮᦃᨶ ᦀᩴᦅᨩᩣᨲ
ᨩᩣᨲᩴᩴ
[ii u
u ] • • [aa  ēē] • • [āā ēē ā]
• • [aa  aa ēē ] • • • • [aa āā  aa ēē ] • • • • • [ ēē ] • • [aa  āā aa]
• • •
ᦀᨽ
ᨴᨶᩥ ᩈᨶᨲᩔ ᦀᩈᨶᨲᩔ ᦀᩈᨶᨲᩔ ᩈᨶᨲᩔ ᩈᨶᨲᩔ ᩈᨶᨲᩔ
[   ] • • • [aa  aa ] • • • [ aa  aa ]
• • • • [ aa  aa ]
• • • • [aa  aa ] • • • [aa  aa ] • • • [aa  aa ]
• • •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
46
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
ᦀᩈᨶᨲᩔ ᦀᩈᨶᨲᩔ ᩮᩈᩣ ᩮᨧ ᨷᩮᩅᩈᨶ

ᩥ ᨲᩥ ᨷᩅ
ᩥ ᨲᩥ ᨮᨲ
ᩥ ᩴ
[ aa  aa ] [ aa  aa ] [ōō] [ēē] [ ēē  aa] [āā ] [ ii aa] [āā ] [ aa]
ᦂ [k]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
ᩈᩣᨴ
ᨱᩴᩴ ᩈᩣᨴ
ᩣᨩᩥᦂᦂᩔ
ᩥ ᨲᩥ ᦀᨷᨲᩥ ᦃ [kʰ]
[āā ]
• u  aa]
[u • • [āā ] • [āā aa ]
• • [āā āā  aa ] • • • • [ēē] [] [āā ]• [ āā aa ]
• • •
ᦅ [g]
1 -123 ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩᨷᨧᨲᩥᦂᩣ ᨲᩁᩥᩁᨧᨧᩣᨶᦅᨲᨽᩮᨲᩣᨻᨬᨶᦂᩴ ᨩᩣᦅᩁᨶᩴ ᩈᨲᩴ
[ii  aa aa  āā]
• • • • • [ aa āā  ōō a  aa]
• • • • • • • [āā  aa aa]
• • • u aa]
[u • ᨥ [gʰ]
ᨾᨲᩴ ᩏᨾᨲᩴ ᨷᨾᨲᩴ ᨾᨲ

ᨾᨲᩴᩴ ᩮᨿᨽᩮᨿᨶ ᦀᦂᩣᨿᨿᩥᨲᩥ ᩴ ᩮᨷ ᨦ [ṅ]
[aa aa] u aa aa]

[u [ aa aa] [ aa] [aa āā  aa] [ aa] [ēē u
u ēē ] [aa āā  aa] [ēē]
ᨧ
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
[c]
ᩣᨩᩥᦂᦂᩔ
ᩥ ᩔ ᨾᨲ
ᩥᦂᩩᩔ ᩈᨶᩥᩮᦂ ᦀᩣᩮᨶᨲᩣ ᦉ [cʰ]
[āā aa ]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [ aa] • [ēē u
u ēē ]
• • • [āā  aa] • • [ii u
u ] • • [aa  ēē] • • [āā ēē ā]
• •
ᨩ [j]
ᨴᨶᩥ ᩈᨶᨲᩔ
[aa  aa ēē ]
• • • • [aa āā  aa ēē ]
• • • • • [ ēē ] • • [aa  āā aa]
• • • [   ] • • • [aa  aa ] • • • ᨫ [jʰ]
ᦀᩈᨶᨲᩔ ᦀᩈᨶᨲᩔ ᩈᨶᨲᩔ ᩈᨶᨲᩔ ᩈᨶᨲᩔ ᦀᩈᨶᨲᩔ ᨬ [ñ]

[ aa  aa ]
• • • • [ aa  aa ]
• • • • [aa  aa ] • • • [aa  aa ] • • • [aa  aa ] • • • [ aa  aa ]
• • • •
ᨭ [ṭ]
ᦀᩈᨶᨲᩔ ᩮᩈᩣ ᩮᨧ ᨷᩮᩅᩈᨶ

ᩥ ᨲᩥ ᨷᩅ
ᩥ ᨲᩥ ᨮᨲ
ᩥ ᩴ ᩈᩣᨴ
ᩥ ᨲᩥ ᨮ [ṭʰ]
[ aa  aa ]
• • • • [ōō] [ēē] [ ēē  aa]• • • [āā ] • [ ii aa] • • [āā ] • [ aa] • [āā ] •
ᨯ [ḍ]
ᩏᨴᩁᨱ
ᨱᩴᩴ ᩈᩣᨴ
u  aa]
[u • • [āā ] • [āā aa ]
• • u aa  aa ]
[u • • • • [ēē] [] [āā ] • [ āā aa ] • • • ᨰ [ḍʰ]
1 -124 ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩᨷᨧᨲᩥᦂᩣ ᨾᨶᩔᨷᨱᦂᩴ ᦀᨾᨶᩔᨷᨱᦂᩴ ᨱ [ṇ]
[ii  aa aa  āā] u  aa  aa]
[ u u  aa  aa]
[ u
ᨲ [t]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
ᨲᩁᩥᩁᨧᨧᩣᨶᦅᨲᨷᨱᦂᩴ ᨾᨶᩔᨷᩁᩈᩥ ᩴ ᦀᨾᨶᩔᨷᩁᩈᩥ ᩴ ᨲᩁᩥᩁᨧᨧᩣᨶᦅᨲᨷᩁᩈᩥ ᩴ ᨽᦂ

ᩥᦂᩩᩔ ᨳ [tʰ]
[ aa āā  aa  aa]
• • • • • • u  aa]
[ u • • • u  aa]
[ u • • • [ aa āā  aa]
• • • • [ii u
u ] • •
ᨴ [d]
ᩈᨶᩥᩮᦂ ᦀᩣᩮᨶᨲᩣ ᩅᨧᨾᩮᦅᨶ ᨾᩮᦃᨶ ᦀᩴᦅᨩᩣᨲ
ᨴᨶᩥ ᩈᨶᨲᩔ
[aa  ēē] • • [āā ēē ā]
• • [aa  aa ēē ]
• • • • [ ēē ] • • [aa  āā aa] • • • [   ] • • • [aa  aa ] • • • ᨵ [dʰ]
ᦀᩈᨶᨲᩔ ᦀᩈᨶᨲᩔ ᩈᨶᨲᩔ ᩈᨶᨲᩔ ᩈᨶᨲᩔ ᦀᩈᨶᨲᩔ ᨶ [n]

[ aa  aa ]
• • • • [ aa  aa ]
• • • • [aa  aa ] • • • [aa  aa ] • • • [aa  aa ] • • • [ aa  aa ]
• • • •
ᨷ [p]
ᦀᩈᨶᨲᩔ ᩮᩈᩣ ᩮᨧ ᨷᩮᩅᩈᨶ

ᩥ ᨲᩥ ᨷᩅ
ᩥ ᨲᩥ ᨮᨲ
ᩥ ᩴ ᩈᩣᨴ
ᩥ ᨲᩥ ᨹ [pʰ]
[ aa  aa ]
• • • • [ōō] [ēē] [ ēē  aa]• • • [āā ] • [ ii aa] • • [āā ] • [ aa] • [āā ] •
ᨻ [b]
ᩏᨴᩁᨱ
ᨱᩴᩴ ᩈᩣᨴ
ᩣᨩᩥᦂᦂᩔ
u  aa]
[u • • [āā ] • [āā aa ]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [ēē] [] [āā ] • [ āā aa ]
• • •
ᨽ [bʰ]
1 -125 ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩᨷᨧᨲᩥᦂᩣ ᨲᩁᩥᩁᨧᨧᩣᨶᦅᨲᨷᩁᩈᩥ ᩴ ᨩᩣᦅᩁᨶᩴ ᩈᨲᩴ ᨾᨲᩴ ᨾ [m]
[ii  aa aa  āā]
• • • • • [ aa āā  aa]
• • • • [āā  aa aa]
• • • u aa]
[u • [aa aa] •
ᨿ [y]
ᨾᨲᩴᩴ ᩮᨿᨽᩮᨿᨶ ᦀᦂᩣᨿᨿᩥᨲᩥ ᩴ ᩮᨷ ᦀᩣᨷᨲᩥ ᩁ [r]
u aa aa]
[u • • [ aa aa] • • [ aa] • [aa āā  aa]
• • • [ aa] • [ēē u
u ēē ]
• • • [aa āā  aa] • • • [ēē] [āā aa ]
• •
ᩃ [l]
ᨷᩤᩁᩣᨩ
ᩣᨩᩥᦂᦂᩔ
ᩥ ᩔ ᨾᨲ
[āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [ aa] • [ēē u
u ēē ]• • • [āā  aa] • • [ii u
u ] • • [aa  ēē] • • [āā ēē ā]
• • [aa  aa ēē ] • • • • ᩅ [v]
ᨴᨶᩥ ᩈᨶᨲᩔ ᦀᩈᨶᨲᩔ ᦀᩈᨶᨲᩔ ᩈᨶᨲᩔ ᩈ [s]
[ ēē ] • • [aa  āā aa]
• • • [   ] • • • [aa  aa ] • • • [ aa  aa ]
• • • • [ aa  aa ]
• • • • [aa  aa ] • • •
ᩉ [h]
ᩈᨶᨲᩔ ᩈᨶᨲᩔ ᦀᩈᨶᨲᩔ ᦀᩈᨶᨲᩔ ᩮᩈᩣ ᩮᨧ ᨷᩮᩅᩈᨶ
ᩥ ᨲᩥ ᩊ [ḷ]
[aa  aa ]
• • • [aa  aa ] • • • [ aa  aa ]
• • • • [ aa  aa ]
• • • • [ōō] [ēē] [ ēē  aa] • • • [āā ]•
ᦀᩴ [ŋ̊]
ᨷᩅ
ᩥ ᨲᩥ ᨮᨲ
ᩥ ᩴ ᩈᩣᨴ
ᨱᩴᩴ ᩈᩣᨴ
ᩥ ᨲᩥ ᦀᩣᨷᨲᩥ ᨳᩃᨧᨿᩔ ᩮᨷ ᨶ
[ ii aa]
• • [āā ] • [ aa] • [āā ] • u  aa]
[u • • [āā ]• [āā aa ]
• • u aa  aa ]
[u • • • • [ēē] []
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
47
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
ᩈᩣᨴ
[āā ]
• [ āā aa ]
• • •
1 -126 ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩᨷᨧᨲᩥᦂᩣ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩᩴ ᨾᨶᩔᨲ
ᩥᨲᩥᨿᩣ ᩈᨶᩥᩮᦂ ᦀᩣᩮᨶᨲᩣ ᦀᩴᦅᨩᩣᩮᨲᨶ
[ii  aa aa  āā]
• • • • • [ii u
u] • u ii  āā]
[ u • • • • [aa  ēē] • • [āā ēē ā]
• • [aa  āā ēē ]
• • • •
ᩅᨧᨾᦅᩴ ᨷᩔᩣᩅᨾᦅᩴ ᨾᦃᩴ ᦀᨽ

ᩥ ᨲᩥ ᨷᩅ
[aa  aa aa]
• • • [aa āā  aa aa]
• • • • [ aa] • [   ] • • • [ōō] [ēē] [ ēē  aa] • • • [āā ]• [ ii aa]
• •
ᩈᩣᨴ
ᩥ ᨲᩥ ᨮᨲ
ᩥ ᩴ ᩈᩣᨴ
ᨱᩴᩴ ᩈᩣᨴ
ᩣᨩᩥᦂᦂᩔ
ᩥ ᨲᩥ
[āā ]
• [ aa] • [āā ]• u  aa]
[u • • [āā ] • [āā aa ]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [ēē] [] [āā ]
•
ᦀᨷᨲᩥ
[ āā aa ]
• • •
1 -127 ᨽᦂ
ᩥᨲᩥᨿᩣ ᨩᩣᦅᩁᨶᩥᨿᩣ ᩈᨲᩣᨿ ᨾᨲᩣᨿ
[ii  aa aa  āā]
• • • • • [ii u
u] • u ii  āā]
[ u • • • • [āā  aa  āā]
• • • • u āā ]
[u • • [aa āā ] • •
ᩏᨾᨲᩣᨿ ᨷᨾᨲᩣᨿ ᨾᨲᩣᨿ ᦀᦂᩣᨿᨿᩥᨲᨲᩣᨿ

ᩥ ᩣᨿ ᨾᨲᩣᨿ ᩮᨿᨽᩮᨿᨶ ᦀᦂᩣᨿᨿᩥᨲᨲᩣᨿ
ᩥ ᩣᨿ ᩮᨷ
u aa āā ]
[u • • • [ aa āā ]
• • • [ āā ] • • [aa āā  āā ]
• • • • [ āā ] • • [ēē u
u ēē ]• • • [aa āā  āā ]
• • • • [ēē]
ᩣᨩᩥᦂᦂᩔ
ᩥ ᩔ ᨾᨲᩣᨿ ᩮᨿᨽᩮᨿᨶ ᦃᩣᨿ
ᦃᩣᨿᩥᨲᨲᩣᨿ
ᩥ ᩣᨿ ᩈᨶᩥᩮᦂ ᦀᩣᩮᨶᨲᩣ ᦀᩴᦅᨩᩣᩮᨲᨶ
[āā aa ]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [ āā ] • • [ēē u
u ēē ]
• • • [āā  āā ]
• • • [aa  ēē] • • [āā ēē ā]
• • [aa  āā ēē ]
• • • •
ᩅᨧᨾᦅᩴ ᨷᩔᩣᩅᨾᦅᩴ ᨾᦃᩴ ᦀᨽ

ᩥ ᨲᩥ ᨷᩅ
[aa  aa aa]
• • • [aa āā  aa aa]
• • • • [ aa] • [   ] • • • [ōō] [ēē] [ ēē  aa] • • • [āā ]• [ ii aa]
• •
ᩈᩣᨴ
ᩥ ᨲᩥ ᨮᨲ
ᩥ ᩴ ᩈᩣᨴ
ᨱᩴᩴ ᩈᩣᨴ
ᩥ ᨲᩥ
[āā ]
• [ aa] • [āā ]• u  aa]
[u • • [āā ] • [āā aa ]
• • u aa  aa ]
[u • • • • [ēē] [] [āā ] •
ᦀᨷᨲᩥ
[ āā aa ]
• • •
1 -128 ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩᩴ ᦀᨾᨶᩔᨲ
ᩥ ᩥᨿᩣ
[ii  aa aa  āā]
• • • • • [ii u
u] • u ii  āā]
[ u • • • • [ aa āā  ii  āā]
• • • • • •
ᨾᨶᩔᨽᩮᨲᩣᨻᨬᨶᦂᩔ ᦀᨾᨶᩔᨽᩮᨲᩣᨻᨬᨶᦂᩔ ᨲᩁᩥᩁᨧᨧᩣᨶᦅᨲᨽᩮᨲᩣᨻᨬᨶᦂᩔ

u  ōō a  aa ]
[ u • • • • • • • u  ōō a  aa ]
[ u • • • • • • • [ aa āā  ōō a  aa ]
• • • • • • • •
ᨾᨶᩔᨷᨱᦂᩔ ᦀᨾᨶᩔᨷᨱᦂᩔ ᨲᩁᩥᩁᨧᨧᩣᨶᦅᨲᨷᨱᦂᩔ ᨾᨶᩔᨷᩁᩈᩥᩈᩔ

ᩔ
u  aa  aa ]
[ u • • • • • • u  aa  aa ]
[ u • • • • • • [ aa āā  aa  aa ]
• • • • • • • u  aa ]
[ u • • • •
ᦀᨾᨶᩔᨷᩁᩈᩥᩈᩔ
ᩔ ᨲᩁᩥᩁᨧᨧᩣᨶᦅᨲᨷᩁᩈᩥᩈᩔ
ᩔ ᩈᨶᩥᩮᦂ ᦀᩣᩮᨶᨲᩣ ᦀᩴᦅᨩᩣᩮᨲᨶ ᩅᨧᨾᦅᩴ
u  aa ]
[ u • • • • [ aa āā  aa ]
• • • • • [aa  ēē]• • [āā ēē ā]
• • [aa  āā ēē ]
• • • • [aa  aa aa]
• • •
ᨾᦃᩴ ᦀᨽ
ᩥ ᨲᩥ ᨷᩅ
ᩥ ᨲᩥ ᨮᨲ
ᩥ ᩴ ᩈᩣᨴ
ᩥ ᨲᩥ
[ aa] • [   ] • • • [ōō] [ēē] [ ēē  aa]• • • [āā ]
• [ ii aa]
• • [āā ] • [ aa] • [āā ]
•
ᩏᨴᩁᨱ
ᨱᩴᩴ ᩈᩣᨴ
ᩣᨩᩥᦂᦂᩔ
u  aa]
[u • • [āā ]• [āā aa ]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [ēē] [] [āā ] • [ āā aa ]
• • •
1 -129 ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩᩴ ᨲᩁᩥᩁᨧᨧᩣᨶᦅᨲᨷᩁᩈᩥᩈᩔ
ᩔ ᨩᩣᦅᩁᨶᩔ ᩈᨲᩔ
[ii  aa aa  āā]
• • • • • [ii u
u] • [ aa āā  aa ]
• • • • • [āā  aa aa ]
• • • • u aa ]
[u • •
ᨾᨲᩔ ᩏᨾᨲᩔ ᨷᨾᨲᩔ ᨾᨲᩔ ᦀᦂᩣᨿᨿᩥᨲᨲᩔ

ᩥ ᩔ ᨾᨲᩔ ᩮᨿᨽᩮᨿᨶ
[aa aa ] • • u aa aa ]
[u • • • [ aa aa ]
• • • [ aa ] • • [aa āā  aa ]
• • • • [ aa ] • • [ēē u
u ēē ]
• • •
ᦀᦂᩣᨿᨿᩥᨲᨲᩔ
ᩥ ᩔ ᩮᨷ ᦀᩣᨷᨲᩥ ᨷᩤᩁᩣᨩ
ᩣᨩᩥᦂᦂᩔ
ᩥ ᩔ ᨾᨲᩔ ᩮᨿᨽᩮᨿᨶ ᦃᩣᨿ
ᦃᩣᨿᩥᨲᨲᩔ
ᩥ ᩔ ᩈᨶᩥᩮᦂ ᦀᩣᩮᨶᨲᩣ
[aa āā  aa ]
• • • • [ēē] [āā aa ]• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [ aa ] • • [ēē u
u ēē ]• • • [āā  aa ] • • • [aa  ēē] • • [āā ēē ā]
• •
ᦀᩴᦅᨩᩣᩮᨲᨶ ᩅᨧᨾᦅᩴ ᨾᦃᩴ ᦀᨽ

ᩥ ᨲᩥ ᨷᩅ
[aa  āā ēē ]
• • • • [aa  aa aa]
• • • [ aa] • [   ] • • • [ōō] [ēē] [ ēē  aa]
• • • [āā ] • [ ii aa]
• •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
48
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
ᩈᩣᨴ
ᩥ ᨲᩥ ᨮᨲ
ᩥ ᩴ ᩈᩣᨴ
ᨱᩴᩴ ᩈᩣᨴ
ᩥ ᨲᩥ
[āā ] [ aa] [āā ] u  aa]
[u [āā ] [āā aa ] u aa  aa ]
[u [ēē] [] [āā ]
ᦂ [k]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •
ᦀᨷᨲᩥ ᦃ [kʰ]
[ āā aa ]
• • •
ᦅ [g]
1 -130 ᨽᦂ
ᩥᨲᩥᨿᩣ ᩈᨶᩥᩮᦂ ᦀᩣᩮᨶᨲᩣ
[ii  aa aa  āā]
• • • • • [ii u
u] • u ii  āā]
[ u • • • • [aa  ēē] • • [āā ēē ā]
• • ᨥ [gʰ]
ᦀᩴᦅᨩᩣᩮᨲᨶ ᩅᨧᨾᦅᩴ ᨷᩔᩣᩅᨾᦅᩴ ᨾᦃᩴ ᦀᨽ

ᨴᨶᩥ ᩈᨶᨲᩔ ᦀᩈᨶᨲᩣᨿ ᨦ [ṅ]
[aa  āā ēē ] [aa  aa aa] [aa āā  aa aa] [ aa] [   ] [aa  aa ] [ aa  āā ]
ᨧ
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
• • •
[c]
ᦀᩈᨶᨲᩔ ᩈᨶᨲᩣᨿ ᩈᨶᨲᩔ ᩈᨶᨲᩣᨿ ᦀᩈᨶᨲᩔ ᦀᩈᨶᨲᩣᨿ ᩮᩈᩣ ᩮᨧ ᦉ [cʰ]

[ aa  aa ]
• • • • [aa  āā ] • • • [aa  aa ] • • • [aa  āā ] • • • [ aa  aa ]
• • • • [ aa  āā ]
• • • • [ōō] [ēē]
ᨩ [j]
ᨷᩮᩅᩈᨶ
ᩥ ᨲᩥ ᨷᩅ
ᩥ ᨲᩥ ᨮᨲ
ᩥ ᩴ ᩈᩣᨴ
ᨱᩴᩴ ᩈᩣᨴ
ᩥ ᨲᩥ ᦀᩣᨷᨲᩥ
[ ēē  aa]
• • • [āā ] • [ ii aa] • • [āā ] • [ aa] • [āā ]• u  aa]
[u • • [āā ] • [āā aa ]• • ᨫ [jʰ]
ᨷᩤᩁᩣᨩ
ᩣᨩᩥᦂᦂᩔ
ᩥ ᨲᩥ ᦀᨷᨲᩥ ᨬ [ñ]
[āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [ēē] [] [āā ] • [ āā aa ]
• • •
ᨭ [ṭ]
1 -131 ᨽᦂ
ᩥᨲᩥᨿᩣ ᨩᩣᦅᩁᨶᩥᨿᩣ ᩈᨲᩣᨿ ᨮ [ṭʰ]
[ii  aa aa  āā]
• • • • • [ii u
u] • u ii  āā]
[ u • • • • [āā  aa  āā]
• • • • u āā ]
[u • •
ᨯ [ḍ]
ᨾᨲᩣᨿ ᩏᨾᨲᩣᨿ ᨷᨾᨲᩣᨿ ᨾᨲᩣᨿ ᦀᦂᩣᨿᨿᩥᨲᨲᩣᨿ
ᩥ ᩣᨿ ᨾᨲᩣᨿ ᩮᨿᨽᩮᨿᨶ
[aa āā ] • • u aa āā ]
[u • • • [ aa āā ] • • • [ āā ] • • [aa āā  āā ]
• • • • [ āā ] • • [ēē u
u ēē ]• • • ᨰ [ḍʰ]
ᦀᦂᩣᨿᨿᩥᨲᨲᩣᨿ
ᩥ ᩣᨿ ᩮᨷ ᦀᩣᨷᨲᩥ ᨷᩤᩁᩣᨩ
ᩣᨩᩥᦂᦂᩔ
ᩥ ᩔ ᨾᨲᩣᨿ ᩮᨿᨽᩮᨿᨶ ᦃᩣᨿ
ᦃᩣᨿᩥᨲᨲᩣᨿ
ᩥ ᩣᨿ ᩈᨶᩥᩮᦂ ᦀᩣᩮᨶᨲᩣ ᨱ [ṇ]
[aa āā  āā ] [ēē] [āā aa ] [āā āā  aa ] [ āā ] [ēē u
u ēē ] [āā  āā ] [aa  ēē] [āā ēē ā]
ᨲ [t]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
ᦀᩴᦅᨩᩣᩮᨲᨶ ᩅᨧᨾᦅᩴ ᨷᩔᩣᩅᨾᦅᩴ ᨾᦃᩴ ᦀᨽ

ᨴᨶᩥ ᩈᨶᨲᩔ ᦀᩈᨶᨲᩣᨿ ᨳ [tʰ]
[aa  āā ēē ]
• • • • [aa  aa aa] • • • [aa āā  aa aa]
• • • • [ aa] • [   ] • • • [aa  aa ] • • • [ aa  āā ]
• • • •
ᨴ [d]
ᦀᩈᨶᨲᩔ ᩈᨶᨲᩣᨿ ᩈᨶᨲᩔ ᩈᨶᨲᩣᨿ ᦀᩈᨶᨲᩔ ᦀᩈᨶᨲᩣᨿ ᩮᩈᩣ ᩮᨧ
[ aa  aa ]
• • • • [aa  āā ] • • • [aa  aa ] • • • [aa  āā ] • • • [ aa  aa ]
• • • • [ aa  āā ]
• • • • [ōō] [ēē] ᨵ [dʰ]
ᨷᩮᩅᩈᨶ
ᩥ ᨲᩥ ᨷᩅ
ᩥ ᨲᩥ ᨮᨲ
ᩥ ᩴ ᩈᩣᨴ
ᨱᩴᩴ ᩈᩣᨴ
ᩥ ᨲᩥ ᦀᩣᨷᨲᩥ ᨶ [n]
[ ēē  aa]
• • • [āā ] • [ ii aa] • • [āā ] • [ aa] • [āā ]• u  aa]
[u • • [āā ] • [āā aa ]• •
ᨷ [p]
ᨳᩃᨧᨿᩔ ᩮᨷ ᨶ ᩈᩣᨴ
ᩥ ᨲᩥ ᦀᨷᨲᩥ ᨹ [pʰ]
u aa  aa ]
[u • • • • [ēē] [] [āā ] • [ āā aa ] • • •
ᨻ [b]
1 -132 ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩᩴ ᦀᨾᨶᩔᨲ
ᩥ ᩥᨿᩣ
[ii  aa aa  āā]
• • • • • [ii u
u] • u ii  āā]
[ u • • • • [ aa āā  ii  āā]
• • • • • • ᨽ [bʰ]
ᨾᨶᩔᨽᩮᨲᩣᨻᨬᨶᦂᩔ ᦀᨾᨶᩔᨽᩮᨲᩣᨻᨬᨶᦂᩔ ᨲᩁᩥᩁᨧᨧᩣᨶᦅᨲᨽᩮᨲᩣᨻᨬᨶᦂᩔ ᨾ [m]

u  ōō a  aa ]
[ u • • • • • • • u  ōō a  aa ]
[ u • • • • • • • [ aa āā  ōō a  aa ]
• • • • • • • •
ᨿ [y]
ᨾᨶᩔᨷᨱᦂᩔ ᦀᨾᨶᩔᨷᨱᦂᩔ ᨲᩁᩥᩁᨧᨧᩣᨶᦅᨲᨷᨱᦂᩔ ᨾᨶᩔᨷᩁᩈᩥᩈᩔ
ᩔ ᩁ [r]
u  aa  aa ]
[ u • • • • • • u  aa  aa ]
[ u • • • • • • [ aa āā  aa  aa ]
• • • • • • • u  aa ]
[ u • • • •
ᩃ [l]
ᦀᨾᨶᩔᨷᩁᩈᩥᩈᩔ
ᩔ ᨲᩁᩥᩁᨧᨧᩣᨶᦅᨲᨷᩁᩈᩥᩈᩔ
ᩔ ᩈᨶᩥᩮᦂ ᦀᩣᩮᨶᨲᩣ ᦀᩴᦅᨩᩣᩮᨲᨶ ᩅᨧᨾᦅᩴ
u  aa ]
[ u • • • • [ aa āā  aa ]
• • • • • [aa  ēē] • • [āā ēē ā]
• • [aa  āā ēē ]
• • • • [aa  aa aa]
• • • ᩅ [v]
ᨾᦃᩴ ᦀᨽ
ᨴᨶᩥ ᩈᨶᨲᩔ ᦀᩈᨶᨲᩔ ᦀᩈᨶᨲᩔ ᩈᨶᨲᩔ ᩈᨶᨲᩔ ᩈ [s]
[ aa] • [   ] • • • [aa  aa ] • • • [ aa  aa ]
• • • • [ aa  aa ]
• • • • [aa  aa ] • • • [aa  aa ] • • •
ᩉ [h]
ᩈᨶᨲᩔ ᦀᩈᨶᨲᩔ ᦀᩈᨶᨲᩔ ᩮᩈᩣ ᩮᨧ ᨷᩮᩅᩈᨶ
ᩥ ᨲᩥ ᨷᩅ
ᩥ ᨲᩥ ᩊ [ḷ]
[aa  aa ]
• • • [ aa  aa ]
• • • • [ aa  aa ]
• • • • [ōō] [ēē] [ ēē  aa] • • • [āā ] • [ ii aa]
• • [āā ]
•
ᦀᩴ [ŋ̊]
ᨮᨲ
ᩥ ᩴ ᩈᩣᨴ
ᨱᩴᩴ ᩈᩣᨴ
ᩣᨩᩥᦂᦂᩔ
[ aa]
• [āā ]• u  aa]
[u • • [āā ]• [āā aa ]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [ēē] [] [āā ] • [ āā aa ]
• • •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
49
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
1 -133 ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩᩴ ᨲᩁᩥᩁᨧᨧᩣᨶᦅᨲᨷᩁᩈᩥᩈᩔ
ᩔ ᨩᩣᦅᩁᨶᩔ ᩈᨲᩔ
[ii  aa aa  āā]
• • • • • [ii u
u] • [ aa āā  aa ]
• • • • • [āā  aa aa ]
• • • • u aa ]
[u • •
ᨾᨲᩔ ᩏᨾᨲᩔ ᨷᨾᨲᩔ ᨾᨲᩔ ᦀᦂᩣᨿᨿᩥᨲᨲᩔ

ᩥ ᩔ ᨾᨲᩔ ᩮᨿᨽᩮᨿᨶ
[aa aa ] • • u aa aa ]
[u • • • [ aa aa ]
• • • [ aa ] • • [aa āā  aa ]• • • • [ aa ] • • [ēē u
u ēē ]• • •
ᦀᦂᩣᨿᨿᩥᨲᨲᩔ
ᩥ ᩔ ᩮᨷ ᦀᩣᨷᨲᩥ ᨷᩤᩁᩣᨩ
ᩣᨩᩥᦂᦂᩔ
ᩥ ᩔ ᨾᨲᩔ ᩮᨿᨽᩮᨿᨶ ᦃᩣᨿ
ᦃᩣᨿᩥᨲᨲᩔ
ᩥ ᩔ ᩈᨶᩥᩮᦂ ᦀᩣᩮᨶᨲᩣ
[aa āā  aa ]
• • • • [ēē] [āā aa ]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [ aa ] • • [ēē u
u ēē ] • • • [āā  aa ] • • • [aa  ēē] • • [āā ēē ā]
• •
ᦀᩴᦅᨩᩣᩮᨲᨶ ᩅᨧᨾᦅᩴ ᨾᦃᩴ ᦀᨽ

ᨴᨶᩥ ᩈᨶᨲᩔ ᦀᩈᨶᨲᩔ ᦀᩈᨶᨲᩔ
[aa  āā ēē ]
• • • • [aa  aa aa] • • • [ aa] • [   ] • • • [aa  aa ] • • • [ aa  aa ]
• • • • [ aa  aa ]
• • • •
ᩈᨶᨲᩔ ᩈᨶᨲᩔ ᩈᨶᨲᩔ ᦀᩈᨶᨲᩔ ᦀᩈᨶᨲᩔ ᩮᩈᩣ ᩮᨧ ᨷᩮᩅᩈᨶ

[aa  aa ]
• • • [aa  aa ] • • • [aa  aa ] • • • [ aa  aa ]
• • • • [ aa  aa ]
• • • • [ōō] [ēē] [ ēē  aa] • • •
ᩈᩣᨴ
ᩥ ᨲᩥ ᨷᩅ
ᩥ ᨲᩥ ᨮᨲ
ᩥ ᩴ ᩈᩣᨴ
ᨱᩴᩴ ᩈᩣᨴ
ᩥ ᨲᩥ ᦀᩣᨷᨲᩥ ᨳᩃᨧᨿᩔ ᩮᨷ
[āā ]
• [ ii aa]
• • [āā ] • [ aa] • [āā ]
• u  aa]
[u • • [āā ] • [āā aa ]
• • u aa  aa ]
[u • • • • [ēē]
ᨶ ᩈᩣᨴ
[] [āā ] • [ āā aa ]
• • •
1 -134 ᨿᨳᩣ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩᨷᨧᨲᩥᦂᩣ ᩅᨲ
ᩥᨲᩣᩁᩁᩥᨲᨲᩣ
ᩥ ᩣ ᪅ᩅ
᪅ᩅᩴᩴ ᩅᨲ
ᩥᨲᩣᩮᩁᨲᨻ
ᩮᩁᨲᨻᩛᩣᩛ
[ āā] • [ii  aa aa  āā]
• • • • • [ii āā  āā] • • • [ēē aa]
• [ii āā ēē aa āā]
• • • •
1 -135 ᩁᩣᨩᨷᨧᨲᩥᦂᩣ ᩮᨧᩣᩁᨷᨧᨲᩥᦂᩣ ᨵᨲᨷᨧᨲᩥᦂᩣ

[āā  aa aa  āā]
• • • • • [ōō  aa aa  āā]
• • • • • u  aa aa  āā]
[u • • • • •
ᩏᨷᩃᦅᨶᨷᨧᨲᩥᦂᩣ ᩈᦃᩴᦃᩥᩥᨲᩴ
u  aa  aa aa  āā]
[u • • • • • • • [aa ii aa] • •
1 -136 ᨾᩮᦅᨶ ᨾᦅᩴ ᨷᩮᩅᩮᩈᨲ

ᨷᩮᩅᩮᩈᨲᩥᩥ ᦀᩣᨷᨲᩥ ᨷᩤᩁᩣᨩ
ᩣᨩᩥᦂᦂᩔ
ᩥ ᩔ ᨾᩮᦅᨶ ᦀᨾᦅᩴ
[aa ēē ] • • [aa aa] • [ ēē ēē ] • • • [āā aa ]
• • [āā āā  aa ] • • • • [aa ēē ] • • [ aa aa]
• •
ᨷᩮᩅᩮᩈᨲ
ᩣᨩᩥᦂᦂᩔ
ᩥ ᩔ ᦀᨾᩮᦅᨶ ᨾᦅᩴ ᨷᩮᩅᩮᩈᨲ
ᩣᨩᩥᦂᦂᩔ
ᩥ ᩔ
[ ēē ēē ]
• • • [āā aa ]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [ aa ēē ]
• • • [aa aa] • [ ēē ēē ]
• • • [āā aa ]• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • •
ᦀᨾᩮᦅᨶ ᦀᨾᦅᩴ ᨷᩮᩅᩮᩈᨲ

ᨷᩮᩅᩮᩈᨲᩥᩥ ᦀᩣᨷᨲᩥ ᨳᩃᨧᨿᩔ
[ aa ēē ]
• • • [ aa aa]
• • [ ēē ēē ] • • • [āā aa ]
• • u aa  aa ]
[u • • • •
1 -137 ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩ ᩈᨲᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩᨾᩥ ᩅᨷᩥᨷᨭᨷᩥᨷᨩᨩᨲᩥ ᨷᨭ
ᨷᨭᩥᨻᨻᩥ ᩮᨴᩤ ᩈᩣᨴ
ᩥ ᨲᩥ ᩏᩮᨽᩣ
[ii ] • u  ii u
[u u ]
• • • • [ii  aa ]
• • • u ōō]
[ u • • [āā ] • [ ōō] •
ᩮᩈᨲᨻ
ᩮᩈᨲᨻᩛᩣᩛ ᨷᨭ
ᨷᨭᩥᨻᨻᩥ ᩮᨴᩤ ᨶ ᩈᩣᨴ
ᩥ ᨲᩥ ᨴᩈᩮᦂᩣ ᩮᩈᨲᩮᨻ
ᩮᩈᨲᩮᨻᩛᩣᩛ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩ ᩈᨲᩈᩣᨾᩮᨱᩁᨾᩥ
[āā ēē aa āā]
• • • u ōō]
[ u • • [] [āā ] • ū  ōō]
[ū • • [āā ēē aa ōō] • • • [ii ] • u  āā  ēē aa ]
[u • • • • • •
ᩅᨷᩥᨷᨭᨷᩥᨷᨩᨩᨲᩥ ᨷᨭ
ᩥ ᨲᩥ ᩏᩮᨽᩣ ᩮᩈᨲᨻ
ᩥ ᨲᩥ ᨴᩈᩮᦂᩣ
[ii  aa ]
• • • u ōō]
[ u • • [āā ]• [ ōō]
• [āā ēē aa āā]
• • • u ōō]
[ u • • [] [āā ] • ū  ōō]
[ū • •
ᩮᩈᨲᩮᨻ
ᩮᩈᨲᩮᨻᩛᩣᩛ ᩈᩣᨾᩮᨱᩮᩁᩣ ᩈᨲᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩᨾᩥ ᩅᨷᩥᨷᨭᨷᩥᨷᨩᨩᨲᩥ ᨷᨭ
ᩮᩈᨲᨻᩛᩣᩛ
[āā ēē aa ōō]
• • • [āā  ēē ōō]
• • • u  ii u
[u u ]
• • • • [ii  aa ]
• • • u ōō]
[ u • • [āā ] • [ ōō] • [āā ēē aa āā]
• • •
ᨷᨭ
ᩮᩈᨲᩮᨻᩛᩣᩛ ᩈᩣᨾᩮᨱᩮᩁᩣ ᩈᨲᩈᩣᨾᩮᨱᩁᨾᩥ ᩅᨷᩥᨷᨭᨷᩥᨷᨩᨩᨲᩥ
u ōō]
[ u • • [] [āā ]• ū  ōō]
[ū • • [āā ēē aa ōō]
• • • [āā  ēē ōō] • • • u  āā  ēē aa ]
[u • • • • • • [ii  aa ] • • •
ᨷᨭ
ᩮᩈᨲᩮᨻᩛᩣᩛ
u ōō]
[ u • • [āā ]• [ ōō] • [āā ēē aa āā] • • • u ōō]
[ u • • [] [āā ] • ū  ōō]
[ū • • [āā ēē aa ōō]
• • •
1 -138 ᦀᨷᨲᩥ ᦀᨩᩣᨶᨶᩔ ᦀᩈᩣᨴ

ᦀᩈᩣᨴᩥᨿᨿᨶ
ᩥ ᨶᩔ ᩏᨾᨲᦂᩔ ᦃᩥᨲᨧᨲ
ᩥᨲᩔ
[ āā aa ]
• • • [ āā aa aa ]
• • • • [ āā  aa aa ]
• • • • • u aa  aa ]
[u • • • • [ii  ii aa ]
• • • •
ᩮᩅᨴᨭᩔ ᦀᩣᨴ
ᦀᩣᨴᩥᦂᦂᨾ
ᩥ ᨾᩥᦂᩔᩣᨲ
ᩔᩣᨲᩥᩥ
[ēē   aa ]
• • • • [āā  aa  aa āā ]
• • • • • •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
50
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
1 -139 ᩈᨶᨲᨽᩣᨱᩅᩤᩮᩁᩣ ᨶᨭᩥᨭᩥᩮᨲᩣ

[aa  āā  āā ōō] [ii  ōō]
ᦂ [k]
• • • • • • •
ᦃ [kʰ]
ᦅ [g]
ᨥ [gʰ]
( 1 -1.1.1.4
1.1.1.4))
ᩅᨶᩥ ᨲ
ᩦᨲᩅᨲ
ᩅᨲᩩᨴᩣᨶᦅᩤᨳᩣ ( 1 -1.1.1.4
1.1.1.4))
ᨦ [ṅ]
# #
[ •  •  • aa •  • u • āā •  • āā • āā] ᨧ [c]
ᦉ [cʰ]
1 -140 ᨾᦂᨭᩦ ᩅᨩᩥᨷᨲᩣ ᨧ ᨩ [j]
[aa  ] • • [aa  u
•u āā] • • []
ᨫ [jʰ]
ᦅᩥᩉᩦ ᨶᩮᦅᩤ ᨧ ᨲᨲ
ᩥᨲᩥᨿᩣ
[ ]
• [aa ōō] • [] [ii  āā] • • ᨬ [ñ]
ᨴᩤᩁᦂ
ᩥᦂᨷᩃᩅᨱᩣ ᨧ ᨭ [ṭ]
[āā  u
•u  aa āā]
• • • • []
ᨮ [ṭʰ]
ᨻᨬᩮᨶᩉ
ᨶᩉᩥᨷᨷᩮᩁ
ᩥ ᩮᩁ ᨴᩮᩅ ᨯ [ḍ]
[a  ēē  ēē] • • • • [ ēē] •
ᨰ [ḍʰ]
1 -141 ᨾᩣᨲᩣ ᨵᨲ
ᩦᨲᩣᩣ ᨽᦅᩥᨶᩦ ᨧ ᨱ [ṇ]
[āā āā] [ āā] [ ] []
ᨲ [t]
• • •
ᨩᩣᨿᩣ ᨧ ᨾᨴ ᩃᨾ
ᩃᨾᩥᩛᩥ ᨳ [tʰ]
[āā āā]
• [] [] [aa  āā] • •
ᨴ [d]
ᩮᨴ ᩅᨱᩣ ᩮᩃᨷᨧ
ᩮᩃᨷᨧᩥᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᨬ
[ē] [ āā] • [ēē  ii aa ]
• • • • ᨵ [dʰ]
ᨴᩤᩁᨵᨲ
ᩦᨲᩃᩥ
ᩃᦂᦂᩣᨿ
ᩥ ᩣᨿ ᨧ ᨶ [n]
[āā    āā ]
• • • • • []
ᨷ [p]
ᨹ [pʰ]
1 -142 ᩈᨶᩮᩁᨶ ᩈᩉ ᨷᨬ
u  ēē ]
[u • • • [] [aa ] • ᨻ [b]
ᨷᨬ ᩈᩅᩥᩅᨳᩥᨳᦂᦂᨭ
ᩥ ᨭᩥᦂᩣ ᨽ [bʰ]
[aa ] [ aa  āā]
ᨾ
• • • •
[m]
ᦅᩦ ᨿᦂᩦ ᨧ ᩮᨷᨲ

ᩮᨷᨲᩦᩦ ᨧ ᨿ [y]
[āā ]• [aa ] • [] [ēē ] • []
ᩁ [r]
ᨷᨱᩮᦂᩣᨷᩉᩮᨲᩣ ᨫᩮᨷ
[aa  ōō  ōō]
• • • • [ ēē] • ᩃ [l]
ᩅ [v]
ᩈ [s]
ᩉ [h]
ᩊ [ḷ]
ᦀᩴ [ŋ̊]
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
51
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
1 -143 ᨽᨴᩥᩮᨿ ᦀᩁᩉ

ᦀᩁᩉᩴᩴ ᩈᩮᨲᩣ
[aa  ēē] • • [ aa]• u ōō]
[u •
ᩈᩣᩅᨲᩥᨿᩣ ᨧᨲᩮᩁᩣ ᨷᩮᩁ

[āā aa  āā]
• • • [ ōō] • [ ēē] •
ᩮᩅᩈᩣᩃ
ᩮᩅᩈᩣᩃᩥᨿᨿᩣ
ᩥ ᩣ ᨲᩮᨿᩣ ᨾᩣᩃᩣ
[ēē āā  āā]
• • • [ ōō]
• [āā āā] •
ᩈᨷᩮᩥᩮᨶᨶ ᨽᩣᩁᦂᨧᩮᦂᩣ
[ ēē] • [āā  aa  ōō]
• • • •
1 -144 ᩈᨷᨻᨻᩛᩣᩛ ᩈᨴᩤ ᨽᦂ

ᩥᦂᩩᨶᩦ
[ aa āā]
• • [aa āā]• [ii  ] • •
ᩈᦂ
ᩥᦂᨾᩣ ᩈᩣᨾᩮᨱᩁ
ᩈᩣᨾᩮᨱᩁᩦᩦ ᨧ
[ii  āā āā] • • • [āā  ēē ]
• • • []
ᩮᩅᩈ
ᩮᩅᩈᩥᨿᨿᩣ
ᩥ ᩣ ᨷᨱᩮᦂᩣ ᦅᩥᩉᩦ
[ēē  āā]• • [aa  ōō] • • [ ] •
ᦀᨬᨾᨬᩴ ᩅᨯᨷᨻᨻᩛᨩᩛ ᩮᩥᩮᨲᩣ

ᨲᩣ ᨾᩮᩥᩮᦅᩤᦅᩤᨲᩥ
[aa  aa aa]
• • • u  aa  ōō]
[u • • • • [ ōō ] • •
( 1 -1.1.1.5
1.1.1.5))
ᩅᨶᩥ ᨲ
ᩦᨲᩅᨲ
ᩅᨲᩩ ( 1 -1.1.1.5
1.1.1.5))
# #
[ •  •  • aa • ]

ᩥᦂᩩ ᨾᦂᨭᨿ
ᩥᨿᩣᩣ ᩮᨾᨳᨶᩴ
[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō]
• • [ii ] • [aa  āā]
• • [ēē  aa]
• •
ᨵᨾᩴ ᨷᨭ
ᩥ ᩈᩅᩥ ᨲᩔ ᦂᦂᩩᨧᩴ ᦀᩮᩉᩣᩈ
ᦀᩮᩉᩣᩈᩥᩥ ᨽᦅᩅᨲᩣ ᩈᦂ
ᨷᨴᩴᩴ ᨷᨬᨲᩴ ᦂᨧᩥ ᨶ
[aa aa] • [ ēē ]
• • [aa ] • u u
[u u aa] • • [ ōō ]
• • [ āā] • [ii āā  aa]
• • • [aa aa aa]
• • [aa ] • []
ᩮᦃᩣ ᦀᩉ
ᦀᩉᩴᩴ ᨷᩤᩁᩣᨩ
ᩣᨩᩥᦂᦂᩴ
ᩥ ᩴ ᦀᩣᨷᨲ ᦀᩣᨷᩮᨲᩥ ᨽᦅᩅᩮᨲᩣ ᪅ᨲᨾᨲᩴ ᦀᩣᩮᩁᩣᩮᨧᩈ
ᦀᩣᩮᩁᩣᩮᨧᩈᩥᩥ ᦀᩣᨷᨲ ᨲᩴ
[ōō] [ aa]• [āā āā  aa]
• • • [āā aa ii]
• • [āā aa ōō ]
• • • [ ōō] • [ēē  aa aa]
• • • [āā ōō ēē ]
• • • [āā aa ii]
• • [a]
ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩ ᦀᩣᨷᩮ ᨷᩤᩁᩣᨩ
ᩣᨩᩥᦂᦂᨶ
ᩥ ᨶᩥ
[ii ] • [āā aa ōō]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • •
(1)
1 -146 ᩮᨲᨶ ᩮᦃᩣ ᨷᨶ ᩈᨾᩮᨿᨶ ᩈᨾ

ᩈᨾᩛᩉ
ᩛ ᩃᩣ
ᩉ ᩮᩅᩈᩣᩃ
ᩮᩅᩈᩣᩃᩥᦂᦂᩣ
ᩥ ᩣ ᩅᨩᩥᨷᨲᦂᩣ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩪ
[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  āā] • • [ēē āā  āā]
• • • [aa  u
• u  āā]
• • • [ii ū
ū] •
ᩈᦂ
ᨷᨭᩥᩮᩮᩈᩅ
ᩥ ᩈᩅᩈ ᩮᨲᩈ
ᩮᨲᩈᩴᩴ
[ii aa]
• [ aa aa āā ]
• • • • u aa a]
[u • • [ āā  aa ā]
• • • • [ēē  aa]• • [aa aa] • [ ēē ii ]
• • • [ēē aa] •
ᦂᦂᩩᨧᩴ ᦀᩮᩉᩣᩈ
ᦀᩮᩉᩣᩈᩥᩥ ᨽᦅᩅᨲᩣ ᩈᦂ
ᨷᨴᩴᩴ ᨷᨬᨲᩴ ᦂᨧᩥ ᨶ ᩮᦃᩣ ᨾᨿ
ᨾᨿᩴᩴ ᨷᩤᩁᩣᨩ
ᩣᨩᩥᦂᦂᩴ
ᩥ ᩴ
u u
[u u aa]• • [ ōō ]
• • [ āā] • [ii āā  aa]
• • • [aa aa aa]
• • [aa ] • [] [ōō] [ aa]
• [āā āā  aa]
• • •
ᦀᩣᨷᨲ ᦀᩣᨷᨲᩥ ᨽᦅᩅᩮᨲᩣ ᪅ᨲᨾᨲᩴ ᦀᩣᩮᩁᩣᩮᨧᩈᩴ ᦀᩣᨷᨲ ᨲᩮᨾ ᨽᦂ

ᩥᦂᩮᩅ ᦀᩣᨷ
[āā aa ii]
• • [āā aa āā ]
• • • [ ōō] • [ēē  aa aa]
• • • [āā ōō ēē u
• u]
• • [āā aa ii]
• • u ē]
[u • [ii  ēē]
• • [āā aa āā]
• •
ᨷᩤᩁᩣᨩ
ᩥ ᨶᩥ
[āā āā  aa ]
• • • •
(2)
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
52
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1

ᩥᦂᩩ ᪅ᩅ
᪅ᩅᩴᩴ ᩮᨾ ᦀᨷᨲᩥ
[ēē ] [ōō] [] [ ēē ] [aa  ōō] [ii ] [ēē aa] [ēē] [ āā aa ]
ᦂ [k]
• • • • • • • • • •
ᨽᩅ
ᨽᩅᩥᩔ
ᩥ ᨲᨲᩦ ᩥ
ᩔᨲᩦ ᦅᩥᩉᩃ
ᩥᩃᩮᦅᨶ ᩮᨾᨳᨶᩴ ᨵᨾᩴ ᨷᨭ
ᦀᩮᩉᩣᩈᩥᩥ ᦃ [kʰ]
[ ii   ]
• • • • [ ii ēē ] • • • [ēē  aa] • • [aa aa] • [ ēē ] • • [aa ] • u u
[u u aa] • • [ ōō ]
• •
ᦅ [g]
ᨽᦅᩅᨲᩣ ᩈᦂ
ᨷᨴᩴᩴ ᨷᨬᨲᩴ ᦂᨧᩥ ᨶ ᩮᦃᩣ ᦀᩉ
ᦀᩉᩴᩴ ᨷᩤᩁᩣᨩ
ᩣᨩᩥᦂᦂᩴ
ᩥ ᩴ ᦀᩣᨷᨲ ᦀᩣᨷᩮᨲᩥ
[ āā] • [ii āā  aa]
• • • [aa aa aa]• • [aa ] • [] [ōō] [ aa] • [āā āā  aa]
• • • [āā aa ii]
• • [āā aa ōō ]
• • • ᨥ [gʰ]
ᨽᦅᩅᩮᨲᩣ ᪅ᨲᨾᨲᩴ ᦀᩣᩮᩁᩣᩮᨧᩈ

ᦀᩣᩮᩁᩣᩮᨧᩈᩥᩥ ᦀᩣᨷᨲ ᨲᩴ ᨽᦂ
ᩥ ᨶᩥ ᨦ [ṅ]
[ ōō] • [ēē  aa aa]
• • • [āā ōō ēē ]
• • • [āā aa ii]
• • [a] [ii ] • [āā aa ōō]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • •
(3)
ᨧ [c]

᪅ᩅᩴᩴ ᩮᨾ ᦀᨷᨲᩥ ᦉ [cʰ]
[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō]• • [ii ] • [ēē aa]
• [ēē] [ āā aa ]
• • •
ᨩ [j]
ᨽᩅ
ᨽᩅᩥᩔ
ᩥ ᨲᨲᩦ ᩥ
ᩔᨲᩦ ᨶᩮᦅᩤ ᩉᨲᩣ ᩮᨾᨳᨶᩴ ᨵᨾᩴ ᨷᨭ
ᦀᩮᩉᩣᩈᩥᩥ ᩮᨷ
[ ii   ]
• • • • [aa ōō] • u ā]
[u • [ēē  aa] • • [aa aa] • [ ēē ] • • [aa ] • u u
[u u aa] • • [ ōō ]
• • [ēē] ᨫ [jʰ]
ᦀᩣᨷᨲ ᨲᩴ ᨽᦂ
ᩥ ᨶᩥ ᨬ [ñ]
• • [a] [ii ] • [āā aa ōō]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • •
(4)
ᨭ [ṭ]

᪅ᩅᩴᩴ ᩮᨾ ᦀᨷᨲᩥ ᨮ [ṭʰ]
[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō]• • [ii ] • [ēē aa]
• [ēē] [ āā aa ]
• • •
ᨯ [ḍ]
ᨽᩅ
ᨽᩅᩥᩔ
ᩥ ᨲᨲᩦ ᩥ
ᩔᨲᩦ ᦂᩈᨧᨧᩦᩁᩦ ᩴ ᨶᩅᩥᩅᩤᩤᩮᩈᨲᩣ ᩅᩤᦂᨧᨧᩦᩁᩦ ᩴ ᨶᩅᩥᩅᩤᩤᩮᩈᨲᩣ ᨹᩃᦂᨧ
ᨹᩃᦂᨧᩦᩁᩦ ᩴ ᨶᩅᩥᩅᩤᩤᩮᩈᨲᩣ
[ ii   ]
• • • • [  aa] • • [ āā ēē ā]
• • • [āā   aa]
• • • [ āā ēē ā]
• • • [  aa] • • [ āā ēē ā]
• • • ᨰ [ḍʰ]
ᩮᦂᩈᦂᨾ
ᩮᦂᩈᦂᨾᩛᩃ
ᩛ ᩴ ᨶᩅᩥᩅᩤᩤᩮᩈᨲᩣ ᩅᩤᩃᦂᨾ
ᦂᨾᩛᩃ
ᩛ ᩴ ᨶᩅᩥᩅᩤᩤᩮᩈᨲᩣ ᩏᩃᦂᨷᦂᩥᦂᩴ ᨶᩅᩥᩅᩤᩤᩮᩈᨲᩣ ᨱ [ṇ]
[ēē  aa  aa] [ āā ēē ā] [āā  aa  aa] [ āā ēē ā] ū  aa  aa]
[ ū [ āā ēē ā]
ᨲ [t]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
ᦀᨩ
ᦀᨩᩥᨶᨶᦂ
ᩥ ᦂᩥᨷᩴ ᨶᩅᩥᩅᩤᩤᩮᩈᨲᩣ ᩮᨾᨳᨶᩴ ᨵᨾᩴ ᨷᨭ
ᦀᩮᩉᩣᩈᩥᩥ ᩮᨷ ᨳ [tʰ]
[ aa  aa]
• • • [ āā ēē ā]
• • • [ēē  aa] • • [aa aa] • [ ēē ] • • [aa ] • u u
[u u aa] • • [ ōō ]
• • [ēē]
ᨴ [d]
ᩥ ᨶᩥ
• • [a] [ii ] • [āā aa ōō]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • •
(5-11) ᨵ [dʰ]
1 -150 ᩮᨲᨶ ᩮᦃᩣ ᨷᨶ ᩈᨾᩮᨿᨶ ᦀᨬᨲᩮᩁᩣ ᨷᨱ

ᩥᨱᨧᩣᩁ
ᩣᩁᩥᩮᩮᦂᩣ
ᩥ ᦂᩣ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩ ᨷᨮᩦᨮᩮᦂ
ᩮᦂ ᨶ [n]
[ēē ] [ōō] [] [ ēē ] [aa  ōō] [ii  āā  ōō] [ii ] [  ēē]
ᨷ
• • • • • • • • • • • •
[p]
ᨶᨷᩥᨷᨶᨶᩴ ᨴᩤᩁᦂ
ᩥᦂᩴᩴ ᨷᩔ
ᨷᩔᩥᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᩣ ᩈᩣᩁᩮᨲᩣ ᦀᩴᦅᨭᩴ ᦀᩴᦅᨩᩣᨲ
ᨩᩣᨲᩴᩴ ᨷᩮᩅᩮᩈᩈ
ᨷᩮᩅᩮᩈᩈᩥᩥ ᩈᩣ ᦂᩣᩃᨾᦂᩣᩈ
ᦂᩣᩃᨾᦂᩣᩈᩥᩥ ᨹ [pʰ]
[ aa aa]
• • [āā  aa]
• • [aa ii ā] • • [āā aa ōō] • • [aa u
u aa] • • [aa  āā aa]
• • • [ ēē ēē ] • • • [āā] [āā  āā ]• • •
ᨻ [b]
ᨲᩔ ᦂᦂᩩᨧᩴ ᦀᩮᩉᩣᩈ
ᦀᩮᩉᩣᩈᩥᩥ ᩮᨷ ᦀᨷᨲᩥ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩ ᨷᩤᩁᩣᨩ
ᩣᨩᩥᦂᦂᩔ
ᩥ ᩔ ᦀᩣᨷᨲᩥ ᩈᨥ
ᩴᨥᩣᨴᩥ
ᩣᨴᩮᩮᩈᩈᩔᩣᨲᩥ
ᩥ ᩈᩈᩔᩣᨲᩥ
[aa ] • u u
[u u aa]
• • [ ōō ]
• • [ēē] [ āā aa ]
• • • [ii ] • [āā āā  aa ] • • • • [āā aa ]
• • [aa āā  ēē aa āā ]
• • • • • • ᨽ [bʰ]
ᨾ [m]
(12)
1 -151 ᩮᨲᨶ ᩮᦃᩣ ᨷᨶ ᩈᨾᩮᨿᨶ ᦀᨬᨲᩮᩁᩣ ᨾᩣᨱᩅᩮᦂᩣ ᩏᨷᩃᩅᨱᩣᨿ ᨿ [y]
[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō]• • [āā  ōō] • • u  aa āā ]
[u • • • •
ᩁ [r]
ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩᨶᨿ
ᩥᨿᩣᩣ ᨷᨭ
ᨷᨭᩥᨻᨻᨴ
ᩥ ᨴᨧᩮᩥᩮᨲ
ᨲᩣ ᩮᩉᩣᨲ
ᩮᩉᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᦀᨳ ᩮᦃᩣ ᩮᩈᩣ ᨾᩣᨱᩅᩮᦂᩣ ᩏᨷᩃᩅᨱᩣᨿ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᨿᩣᩣ ᩃ [l]
[ii  āā]
• • [ aa  ii ōō]
• • • • [ōō ] • [] [ōō] [ōō] [āā  ōō] • • u  aa āā ]
[u • • • • [ii  āā] • •
ᦅᩤᨾᩴ ᨷᨱ
ᨷᩅᩥᨭᨭᩥ ᩣᨿ ᦂᨭᦂ
ᩥᦂᩴᩴ ᨷᩅ
ᨷᩅᩥᩈᩥ ᨲ
ᩥᨲᩣ ᨶᩃ
ᩥ ᩮᩦᩮ ᦀᨧᩥ ᩏᨷᩃᩅᨱᩣ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩᨶᩦ ᩅ [v]
[āā aa] [ii āā ] [ ii āā ] [ aa] [ ii ā] [  ōō] [aa ] u  aa āā]
[u [ii  ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
ᩈ [s]
ᨷᨧᩣᨽᨲᩴ ᨷᨱ
ᩥᨱᨷᩤᨲᨷᨭ
ᨷᨭᩥᦂᦂ
ᩥ  ᨷᩤᩮᨴ ᨷᦂᩣᩮᩃᨲᩣ ᦂᨭᦂ
ᩥᦂᩴᩴ ᨷᩅ
ᨷᩅᩥᩈᩥ ᨲ
ᩥᨲᩣ ᨾᨬᩮᦂ ᩉ [h]
[aa āā aa aa]
• • • [ii  āā  ii aa āā]
• • • • • • [āā ēē] • [aa āā ēē ā] • • • [ aa] • [ ii ā] • • [aa  ēē] • •
ᩊ [ḷ]
ᨶᩈᩥ ᨴᩦ ᩥ ᦀᨳ ᩮᦃᩣ ᩮᩈᩣ ᨾᩣᨱᩅᩮᦂᩣ ᩏᨷᩃᩅᨱᩴ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩᨶ ᩏᦅᩮᩉᨲᩣ ᨴᩮᩈᩈ
ᩈᩈᩥᩥ
[  ]
• • [] [ōō] [ōō] [āā  ōō] • • u  aa aa]
[u • • • [ii  ii] • • u  ēē ā]
[u • • • ū ēē ]
[ū • • ᦀᩴ [ŋ̊]
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
53
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
ᩏᨷᩃᩅᨱᩣ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩᨶᩦ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩᨶᨶᩦ ᩴ ᪅ᨲᨾᨲᩴ ᦀᩣᩮᩁᩣᩮᨧᩈ
ᦀᩣᩮᩁᩣᩮᨧᩈᩥᩥ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩᨶᩮᩥᩮᨿᩣ
ᨿᩣ ᨽᦂ
u  aa āā]
[u • • • [ii  ] • • [ii   aa] • • • [ēē  aa aa]
• • • [āā ōō ēē ]
• • • [ii  ōō] • • [ii ū
ū aa] • •
᪅ᨲᨾᨲᩴ ᦀᩣᩮᩁᩣᩮᨧᩈᩴ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩪ ᨽᦅᩅᩮᨲᩣ ᪅ᨲᨾᨲᩴ ᦀᩣᩮᩁᩣᩮᨧᩈᩴ ᦀᨷᨲᩥ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩮᩅ
[ēē  aa aa]
• • • [āā ōō ēē u
• u] • • [ii ū
ū] • [ ōō] • [ēē  aa aa]
• • • [āā ōō ēē u
• u] • • [ āā aa ]
• • • [ii  ēē] • •
ᦀᩈᩣᨴ
ᩥ ᨶᩥᨿᩣᨲ
ᩣᨲᩥᩥ
[ āā  aa  āā ]
• • • • • •
(13)
1 -152 ᩮᨲᨶ ᩮᦃᩣ ᨷᨶ ᩈᨾᩮᨿᨶ ᦀᨬᨲᩁᩔ ᨽᦂ

ᩥᦂᩩᩮ ᦀᩥᨲᩥᩃᦅᩴ
[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  aa ]
• • • [ii  ōō] • • [ii  ii aa]
• • •
ᨷᩤᨲᨽᨲᩴ ᩮᩉᩣᨲ
ᩮᩉᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᨽᦅᩅᩮᨲᩣ ᪅ᨲᨾᨲᩴ ᦀᩣᩮᩁᩣᩮᨧᩈᩴ ᦀᨶᨩᩣᨾ
ᩣᨾᩥᩥ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩮᩅ ᨲᩮᨬᩅ
[āā  ū
ū aa]
• • • [ōō ] • [ ōō] • [ēē  aa aa]
• • • [āā ōō ēē u
• u] • • [ āā āā ] • • • [ii  ēē] • • [aa ēē ] • •
ᩏᨷᨩᩴ ᨲᩮᨾᩅ ᩏᨷᩈᨾᨴᩴ ᨲᩣᨶ

ᨲᩣᨶᩥᩮᩮᨿᩅ
ᩥ ᨿᩅ ᩅᩔᩣᨶ
ᩅᩔᩣᨶᩥᩥ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩᨶᩉ
ᩦ ᩥ ᩈᦅᩴᦅᨾᩥᨾᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᩴ ᨿᩣ ᦀᩣᨷᨲᩥᩮᨿᩣ
[ aa aa]
• • [ ēē ] • • [ aa  aa]
• • • [āā  ēē ]
• • • [aa āā ] • • [ii   ] • • • [aa  u
u] • • [āā] [āā aa  ōō]
• • •
ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩪᨶᩴ ᨽᦂ
ᩦ ᩥ ᩈᩣᨵᩤᩁᨱᩣ ᨲᩣ ᦀᩣᨷᨲᩥᩮᨿᩣ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩᨶᨶᩦ ᩴ ᩈᨶᩥᩮᦂ ᩅᨭᩣᨲᩴ ᨿᩣ
[ii ū
ū aa] • • [ii   ] • • • [āā āā  āā]
• • • [āā] [āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ii   aa]
• • • [aa  ēē] • • u āā u
[u u]
• • [āā]
ᦀᩣᨷᨲᩥᩮᨿᩣ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩪᨶᩴ ᨽᦂ
ᩦ ᩥ ᦀᩈᩣᨵᩤᩁᨱᩣ ᨲᩣᩉ
ᨲᩣᩉᩥᩥ ᦀᩣᨷᨲᩦᩉᩥ ᦀᨷᨲᩦᨲᩥ
[āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ii ū
ū aa] • • [ii   ]
• • • [ āā āā  āā]
• • • • [āā ] • [āā aa  ]
• • • [ āā aa  ]
• • • •
(14)
1 -153 ᩮᨲᨶ ᩮᦃᩣ ᨷᨶ ᩈᨾᩮᨿᨶ ᦀᨬᨲᩁ

ᦀᨬᨲᩁᩥᩔ
ᩥ ᩣ
ᩔᩣ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᨿᩣᩣ ᨷᩁᩈᩥᩈᩃ
ᩃᦅᩴ
[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ii āā]
• • • [ii  āā]
• • [ ii aa] • •
ᨷᩤᨲᨽᨲᩴ ᩮᩉᩣᨲ
ᩮᩉᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᨽᦅᩅᩮᨲᩣ ᪅ᨲᨾᨲᩴ ᦀᩣᩮᩁᩣᩮᨧᩈᩴ ᦀᨶᨩᩣᨾ
ᩥᦂᩮᩅ ᨲᩮᨬᩅ
[āā  ū
ū aa]
• • • [ōō ] • [ ōō] • [ēē  aa aa]
• • • [āā ōō ēē u
• u] • • [ āā āā ] • • • [ii  ēē] • • [aa ēē ] • •
ᩏᨷᨩᩴ ᨲᩮᨾᩅ ᩏᨷᩈᨾᨴᩴ ᨲᩣᨶ

ᨲᩣᨶᩥᩮᩮᨿᩅ
ᩥ ᨿᩅ ᩅᩔᩣᨶ
ᩅᩔᩣᨶᩥᩥ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩪᩉᩥ ᩈᦅᩴᦅᨾᩥᨾᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᩴ ᨿᩣ ᦀᩣᨷᨲᩥᩮᨿᩣ
[ aa aa]
• • [ ēē ] • • [ aa  aa]
• • • [āā  ēē ]
• • • [aa āā ] • • [ii ū
ū ] • • [aa  u
u] • • [āā] [āā aa  ōō]
• • •
ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩᨶᨶᩦ ᩴ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩪᩉᩥ ᩈᩣᨵᩤᩁᨱᩣ ᨲᩣ ᦀᩣᨷᨲᩥᩮᨿᩣ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩪᨶᩴ ᩈᨶᩥᩮᦂ ᩅᨭᩣᨲᩴ ᨿᩣ
[ii   aa] • • • [ii ū
ū ] • • [āā āā  āā]
• • • [āā] [āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ii ū
ū aa]
• • [aa  ēē] • • u āā u
[u u] • • [āā]
ᦀᩣᨷᨲᩥᩮᨿᩣ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩᨶᨶᩦ ᩴ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩪᩉᩥ ᦀᩈᩣᨵᩤᩁᨱᩣ ᨲᩣᩉ
ᨲᩣᩉᩥᩥ ᦀᩣᨷᨲᩦᩉᩥ ᦀᨷᨲᩦᨲᩥ
[āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ii   aa] • • • [ii ū
ū ] • • [ āā āā  āā]
• • • • [āā ] • [āā aa  ]
• • • [ āā aa  ]
• • • •
(15)

᪅ᩅᩴᩴ ᩮᨾ ᦀᨷᨲᩥ
[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō] • • [ii ] • [ēē aa] • [ēē] [ āā aa ]
• • •
ᨽᩅ
ᨽᩅᩥᩔ
ᩥ ᨲᨲᩦ ᩥ
ᩔᨲᩦ ᨾᩣᨲᨿᩣ ᩮᨾᨳᨶᩴ ᨵᨾᩴ ᨷᨭ
ᩥ ᩈᩅᩥ ᨵᨲ
ᩦᨲᨿᩣ ᩮᨾᨳᨶᩴ ᨵᨾᩴ ᨷᨭ
ᩥ ᩈᩅᩥ
[ ii   ]
• • • • [āā  āā] • • [ēē  aa]
• • [aa aa] • [ ēē ] • • [  āā]
• • [ēē  aa] • • [aa aa] • [ ēē ] • •
ᨽᦅᩥᨶᨿ
ᦀᩮᩉᩣᩈᩥᩥ ᩮᨷ ᦀᩣᨷᨲ ᨲᩴ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩ
[ āā] • [ēē  aa]• • [aa aa] • [ ēē ] • • [aa ] • u u
[u u aa] • • [ ōō ]
• • [ēē] [āā aa ii]
• • [a] [ii ] •
ᦀᩣᨷᩮ ᨷᩤᩁᩣᨩ
ᩥ ᨶᩥ
[āā aa ōō]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • •
(16-18)

ᩥᦂᩩ ᨷᩁᩣᨱᨴᨲᨿ
ᩥ ᦂ
ᩥᦂᩣᨿ
ᩣᨿ
[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō] • • [ii ] • [ āā  āā ]• • • •
ᩥᦂᩩ ᦀᩣᨷᩮ
[ēē  aa] • • [aa aa] • [ ēē ]
• • [aa ] • u u
[u u aa] • • [ ōō ]
• • [ēē] [āā aa ii]
• • [a] [ii ] • [āā aa ōō]
• •
ᨷᩤᩁᩣᨩ
ᩥ ᨶᩥ
[āā āā  aa ]
• • • •
(19)

ᩥᦂᩩ ᨾᨴᨷᨭᩥᨭᩥᩮᦂᩣ ᩮᩉᩣᨲ
ᩮᩉᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᩮᩈᩣ
[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō] • • [ii ] • [ ii  ōō] • • • [ōō ] • [ōō]
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
54
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
ᦀᨶᨽ
ᦀᨶᨽᩥᩁᩁᨲᩥ
ᩥ ᨲᨿᨿᩣ
ᩥ ᩣ ᨷᩊᩦ ᩮᩥᩮᨲᩣ
ᨲᩣ ᦀᨲᩮ ᦀᩴᦅᨩᩣᨲ
ᨩᩣᨲᩴᩴ ᨾᩮᦃᨶ ᦀᦅᩮᩉᩈ
ᩉᩈᩥᩥ ᨲᩔ ᦂᦂᩩᨧᩴ ᦀᩮᩉᩣᩈ
[ āā] [  ōō] [aa  ōō] [aa  āā aa] [ ēē ] [aa  ēē ] [aa ] u u
[u u aa] [ ōō ]
ᦂ [k]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
ᩮᨷ ᦀᩣᨷᨲ ᨲᩴ ᨽᦂ
ᩥ ᨶᩥ ᦃ [kʰ]
[ēē] [āā aa ii]
• • [a] [ii ] • [āā aa ōō]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • •
(20)
ᦅ [g]
ᩥᦂᩩ ᩃᨾ
ᩃᨾᩦᩛᩦ ᩮᩉᩣᨲ
ᩮᩉᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᩮᩈᩣ
[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō] • • [ii ] • [aa ] • [ōō ] • [ōō] ᨥ [gʰ]
ᦀᨶᨽ
ᦀᨶᨽᩥᩁᩁᨲᩥ
ᩥ ᨲᨿᨿᩣ
ᩥ ᩣ ᨷᩊᩦ ᩮᩥᩮᨲᩣ
ᨲᩣ ᦀᨲᩮ ᦀᩴᦅᨩᩣᨲ
ᨩᩣᨲᩴᩴ ᦀᨲᩮ ᩅᨧᨾᦅᩴ ᨷᩮᩅᩮᩈᩈ
ᨷᩮᩅᩮᩈᩈᩥᩥ ᨲᩔ ᦂᦂᩩᨧᩴ ᨦ [ṅ]
[ āā] [  ōō] [aa  ōō] [aa  āā aa] [aa  ōō] [aa  aa aa] [ ēē ēē ] [aa ] u u
[u u aa]
ᨧ
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
[c]
ᦀᩮᩉᩣᩈ
ᩥ ᨶᩥ ᦉ [cʰ]
[ ōō ]
• • [ēē] [āā aa ii]
• • [a] [ii ] • [āā aa ōō]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • •
(21)
ᨩ [j]
ᩥᦂᩩ ᨾᨲᩈᩁ
ᨾᨲᩈᩁᩦᩁᩦ ᩴ ᨷᩔ
ᨷᩔᩥᩥ ᨫ [jʰ]
[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō] • • [ii ] • [  aa] • • [aa ] •
ᨲᩈᩥᨬ ᩈᩁ
ᩈᩁᩦᩮᩮᩁ
ᩦ ᩁ ᦀᩴᦅᨩᩣᨲᩈᩣᨾ ᩅᩮᨱᩣ ᩮᩉᩣᨲ
ᩮᩉᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᩮᩈᩣ ᪅ᩅ
᪅ᩅᩴᩴ ᩮᨾ ᦀᨷᨲᩥ ᨽᩅ
ᨽᩅᩥᩔ
ᩥ ᨲᨲᩦ ᩥ
ᩔᨲᩦ ᨬ [ñ]
[aa i ] [  ēē] [aa  āā  āā aa āā] [ ōō] [ōō ] [ōō] [ēē aa] [ēē] [ āā aa ] [ ii   ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
ᨭ [ṭ]
ᦀᩴᦅᨩᩣᩮᨲ ᦀᩴᦅᨩᩣᨲ
ᨩᩣᨲᩴᩴ ᨷᩮᩅᩮᩈᨲᩣ ᩅᩮᨱᨶ ᨶᩉ
ᩦᩉᩁᩥᩁᩥ ᨲᩔ ᦂᦂᩩᨧᩴ ᦀᩮᩉᩣᩈ
ᦀᩮᩉᩣᩈᩥᩥ ᩮᨷ ᦀᩣᨷᨲ ᨮ [ṭʰ]
[aa  āā ēē]
• • • [aa  āā aa]
• • • [ ēē ēē ā]
• • • [ ēē ] • • [ ] • [aa ] • u u
[u u aa] • • [ ōō ]
• • [ēē] [āā aa ii]
• •
ᨯ [ḍ]
ᨲᩴ ᨽᦂ
ᩥ ᨶᩥ
[a] [ii ] • [āā aa ōō]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • •
(22) ᨰ [ḍʰ]
ᨱ [ṇ]
ᩥᦂᩩ ᨾᨲᩈᩁ
ᨾᨲᩈᩁᩦᩁᩦ ᩴ ᨷᩔ
ᨷᩔᩥᩥ
[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō] • • [ii ] • [  aa] • • [aa ] •
ᨲ [t]
ᨲᩈᩥᨬ ᩈᩁ
ᩈᩁᩦᩮᩮᩁ
ᩦ ᩁ ᦀᩴᦅᨩᩣᨲᩈᩣᨾ ᩅᩮᨱᩣ ᩮᩉᩣᨲ
ᩮᩉᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᩮᩈᩣ ᪅ᩅ
᪅ᩅᩴᩴ ᩮᨾ ᦀᨷᨲᩥ ᨽᩅ
ᨽᩅᩥᩔ
ᩥ ᨲᨲᩦ ᩥ
ᩔᨲᩦ ᨳ [tʰ]
[aa i ]
• • [  ēē] • • [aa  āā  āā aa āā]
• • • • • • [ ōō] • [ōō ]• [ōō] [ēē aa]
• [ēē] [ āā aa ]
• • • [ ii   ] • • • •
ᨴ [d]
ᩅᩮᨱ ᦀᩴᦅᨩᩣᨲ
ᨩᩣᨲᩴᩴ ᨷᩮᩅᩮᩈᨲᩣ ᦀᩴᦅᨩᩣᩮᨲᨶ ᨶᩉ
ᩦᩉᩁᩥᩁᩥ ᨲᩔ ᦂᦂᩩᨧᩴ ᦀᩮᩉᩣᩈ
ᦀᩮᩉᩣᩈᩥᩥ ᩮᨷ ᦀᩣᨷᨲ
[ ēē] • [aa  āā aa]
• • • [ ēē ēē ā]
• • • [aa  āā ēē ]
• • • • [ ] • [aa ] • u u
[u u aa] • • [ ōō ]
• • [ēē] [āā aa ii]
• • ᨵ [dʰ]
ᨲᩴ ᨽᦂ
ᩥ ᨶᩥ ᨶ [n]
[a] [ii ] [āā aa ōō] [āā āā  aa ] (23)
ᨷ
• • • • • • •
[p]

ᩥᦂᩩ ᩈᩣᩁᩮᨲᩣ ᩮᩃᨷᨧ
ᩮᩃᨷᨧᩥᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᩔ ᨹ [pʰ]
[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō] • • [ii ] • [āā aa ōō] • • [ēē  ii aa ]
• • • •
ᨻ [b]
ᨶᨾᩥ ᨲ
ᩥᨲᩴ ᦀᩴᦅᨩᩣᩮᨲᨶ ᨫᨷᩥ ᨲᩔ ᦂᦂᩩᨧᩴ ᦀᩮᩉᩣᩈ
ᩥᦂᩩ ᨽ [bʰ]
[ ii aa]
• • [aa  āā ēē ]
• • • • [] [aa ] • u u
[u u aa] • • [ ōō ]
• • [ēē] [ āā aa ]
• • • [ii ] •
ᨷᩤᩁᩣᨩ
ᩣᨩᩥᦂᦂᩔ
ᩥ ᩔ ᦀᩣᨷᨲᩥ ᨴᦂᨭᩔᩣᨲ
ᩔᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᨾ [m]
[āā āā  aa ] [āā aa ] u  aa āā ]
[u (24) ᨿ [y]
• • • • • • • • • •

ᩥᦂᩩ ᩈᩣᩁᩮᨲᩣ ᩁ [r]
[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō] • • [ii ] • [āā aa ōō] • •
ᩃ [l]
ᨴᩤᩁᨵᨲ
ᩦᨲᩃᩥ
ᩃᦂᦂᩣᨿ
ᩥ ᩣᨿ ᨶᨾᩥ ᨲ
ᩥᨲᩴ ᦀᩴᦅᨩᩣᩮᨲᨶ ᨫᨷᩥ ᨲᩔ ᦂᦂᩩᨧᩴ ᦀᩮᩉᩣᩈ
ᦀᩮᩉᩣᩈᩥᩥ ᩮᨷ ᦀᨷᨲᩥ ᩅ [v]
[āā    āā ]
• • • • • [ ii aa] • • [aa  āā ēē ]
• • • • [] [aa ] • u u
[u u aa] • • [ ōō ]
• • [ēē] [ āā aa ]
• • •
ᩈ [s]
ᨽᦂ
ᩣᨩᩥᦂᦂᩔ
ᩔᩣᨲᩥᩥ
[ii ] [āā āā  aa ] [āā aa ] u  aa āā ]
[u (25)
• • • • • • • • • • •
ᩉ [h]
1 -162 ᩮᨲᨶ ᩮᦃᩣ ᨷᨶ ᩈᨾᩮᨿᨶ ᩈᨶᩮᩁᩣ ᨾ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩ ᩁᩣᨩᦅᩉᩣ ᩊ [ḷ]
[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • u  ōō]
[u • • [āā ] • [ii ] • [āā  āā]
• •
ᦀᩴ [ŋ̊]
ᨷᨻ
ᨲᩣ ᩁᨳ
ᩁᨳᩥᦂᦂᩣᨿ
ᩥ ᩣᨿ ᦅᨧᨲᩥ ᦀᨬᨲᩁᩣ ᦀᩥᨲᩦ ᨾᩉᨲᩴ ᨽᩮᨶ ᦀᩣᦅᩮᨾᩉ
ᦀᩣᦅᩮᨾᩉᩥᩥ ᩅᨶᩥᩔᩣᨾ
ᩣᨾᩦᨲᩦ ᩥ
[aa  ōō]
• • [ āā ] • • [aa ] • [aa  āā] • • [ii ] • u aa]
[ u • • [aa ēē] • [āā  ēē ]
• • • [aa ii āā  ]
• • • •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
55
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
ᩈᩣ ᩅᨶᨶᩦ ᦀᨶᩁᩅᩤᩈᦂᩴ ᩏᦂᩥᨷᨲ

ᩥᨲᩣ ᨾᩮᦃᨶ ᦀᩴᦅᨩᩣᨲ
ᨩᩣᨲᩴᩴ ᦀᦅᩮᩉᩈ
ᩉᩈᩥᩥ ᨲᩔ ᦂᦂᩩᨧᩴ
[āā] [aa aa ] • • [aa  āā  aa]
• • • • u  ii ā]
[u • • • [ ēē ] • • [aa  āā aa]
• • • [aa  ēē ]
• • • [aa ] • u u
[u u aa] • •
ᦀᩮᩉᩣᩈ
ᦀᩮᩉᩣᩈᩥᩥ ᩮᨷ ᩈᩣᨴ
ᩈᩣᨴᩥᨿᩥ ᩥ ᨲᩴ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩪᨲᩥ ᩉ
ᩉᩴᩴ ᨽᦅᩅᩤ ᩈᩣᨴ
ᩈᩣᨴᩥᨿᩥ ᨶᩥᨶᩥ ᦀᨷᨲᩥ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩ
[ ōō ]
• • [ēē] [āā ] • [a] [ii ū
ū ] • • [āā aa]
• [ āā] • [āā  ii ]
• • • [ āā aa ]
• • • [ii ] •
ᦀᩈᩣᨴ
ᩥ ᨶᩔᩣᨲ
ᩣᨲᩥᩥ
[ āā  aa aa āā ]
• • • • • •
(26)
1 -163 ᩮᨲᨶ ᩮᦃᩣ ᨷᨶ ᩈᨾᩮᨿᨶ ᦀᨬᨲᩁᩣ ᦀᩥᨲᩦ ᨽᦂ

ᩥᦂᩩᩴ ᨷᩔ
ᨷᩔᩥᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᩣ ᪅ᨲᨴᩮᩅᩤᨧ
[ēē ]• [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  āā]• • [ii ] • [ii u
u] • [aa ii ā]
• • [ēē  ōō ]
• • •
᪅ᩉ
᪅ᩉᩥᩥ ᨽᩮᨶ ᩮᨾᨳᨶᩴ ᨵᨾᩴ ᨷᨭ
ᨷᨭᩥᩮᩮᩈᩅᩤ
ᩥ ᩈᩅᩤᨲᩥ ᦀᩃ
ᦀᩃᩴᩴ ᨽᦅᩥᨶᩥ ᩮᨶᨲ
ᩮᨶᨲᩴᩴ ᦂᨷᨲᨲ
ᩦ ᩥ ᪅ᩉ
᪅ᩉᩥᩥ ᨽᩮᨶ
[ēē ]
• [aa ēē] • [ēē  aa] • • [aa aa] • [ ēē āā ]
• • • [ aa]
• [] [ēē aa] • [aa   ] • • • [ēē ] • [aa ēē] •
ᦀᩉ
ᦀᩉᩴᩴ ᩅᩤᨿᨾᨾᩥᩔ
ᩥ ᩣᨾᩥ
ᩔᩣᨾᩥ ᨲᩴ ᨾᩣ ᩅᩤᨿᨾᨾᩥᩥ ᪅ᩅ
᪅ᩅᩴᩴ ᩮᨲ ᦀᨷᨲᩥ ᨽᩅ
ᨽᩅᩥᩔ
ᩥ ᨲᨲᩦ ᩥ
ᩔᨲᩦ ᩮᩈᩣ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩ
[ aa]
• [āā  ii āā ]
• • • • [a] [āā] [āā ] • [ēē aa]
• [ēē] [ āā aa ]
• • • [ ii   ]
• • • • [ōō] [ii ] •
ᨲᨳᩣ ᦀᦂᩣᩈ
ᦀᦂᩣᩈᩥᩥ ᨲᩔ ᦂᦂᩩᨧᩴ ᦀᩮᩉᩣᩈ
ᩥ ᨶᩥ
[ āā]
• [ āā ]
• • [aa ] • u u
[u u aa]• • [ ōō ] • • [ēē] [āā aa ii]
• • [a] [ii ]• [āā aa ōō]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • •
(27)
ᨷᩔᩥᨲᨲ
u] • [aa ii ā]
• • [ēē  ōō ]
• • •
᪅ᩉ
ᩦ ᩥ ᪅ᩉ
[ēē ]
• • • [ aa]
• [] [ēē aa] • [aa   ] • • • [ēē ] • [aa ēē] •
ᨲᩴ ᩅᩤᨿᨾ ᦀᩉ
ᦀᩉᩴᩴ ᨶ ᩅᩤᨿᨾᨾᩥᩔ
ᩥ ᩣᨾᩥ
ᩔᩣᨾᩥ ᪅ᩅ
ᨽᩅᩥᩔ
ᩥ ᨲᨲᩦ ᩥ
ᩥᦂᩩ
[a] [āā ] • [ aa] • [] [āā  ii āā ]
• • • • [ēē aa]
• [ēē] [ āā aa ]
• • • [ ii   ]
• • • • [ōō] [ii ] •
ᨲᨳᩣ ᦀᦂᩣᩈ
ᩥ ᨶᩥ
[ āā]
• [ āā ]
• • [aa ] • u u
[u u aa]• • [ ōō ] • • [ēē] [āā aa ii]
• • [a] [ii ]• [āā aa ōō]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • •
(28)
ᨷᩔᩥᨲᨲ
u] • [aa ii ā]
• • [ēē  ōō ]
• • •
᪅ᩉ
ᩦ ᩥ ᪅ᩉ
[ēē ]
• • • [ aa]
• [] [ēē aa] • [aa   ] • • • [ēē ] • [aa ēē] •
ᦀᨻᨶᩁᩴ ᨥᩮᨭᨲᩣ ᨻᩉᩥᩥ ᩮᨾᩣᩮᨧᩉ

ᨻᩉ ᩮᨾᩣᩮᨧᩉᩥᩥ ᩮᨷ ᨻᩉ
ᨻᩉᩥᩥ ᨥᩮᨭᨲᩣ ᦀᨻᨶᩁᩴ ᩮᨾᩣᩮᨧᩉ
ᩮᨾᩣᩮᨧᩉᩥᩥ ᪅ᩅ
᪅ᩅᩴᩴ ᩮᨲ
[aa aa  aa]
• • • [aa ēē ā] • • [] [ōō ēē ]
• • [ēē] [] [aa ēē ā] • • [aa aa  aa]
• • • [ōō ēē ]
• • [ēē aa]
• [ēē]
ᦀᨷᨲᩥ ᨽᩅ
ᨽᩅᩥᩔ
ᩥ ᨲᨲᩦ ᩥ
ᩥᦂᩩ ᨲᨳᩣ ᦀᦂᩣᩈ
ᦀᩮᩉᩣᩈᩥᩥ ᩮᨷ ᦀᩣᨷᨲ
[ āā aa ]
• • • [ ii   ]
• • • • [ōō] [ii ] • [ āā] • [ āā ]
• • [aa ] • u u
[u u aa] • • [ ōō ] • • [ēē] [āā aa ii]
• •
ᨲᩴ ᨽᦂ
ᩥ ᨶᩥ
[a] [ii ] • [āā aa ōō]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • •
(29-30)

ᩥᦂᩩ ᩈᩅᩥᩅᨳᩥᨳᦂᦂᩴ
ᩥ ᩴ ᦅᨶᩣ
[ēē ]• [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō]• • [ii ] • [ aa] • [aa ā] •
ᦀᦂᩣᨿᨿᩥᨲᩥ ᩴ ᩈᩁ
ᩈᩁᩦᩁᩦ ᩴ ᨷᩔ
ᨷᩔᩥᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᩣ ᨲᩈ ᩮᨾᨳᨶᩴ ᨵᨾᩴ ᨷᨭ
ᩥ ᩈᩅᩥ ᨲᩔ ᦂᦂᩩᨧᩴ
[aa āā  aa]
• • • [  aa]
• • [aa ii ā]
• • [aa i]
• [ēē  aa] • • [aa aa] • [ ēē ] • • [aa ] • u u
[u u aa] • •
ᦀᩮᩉᩣᩈ
ᩥ ᨶᩥ
[ ōō ]
• • [ēē] [āā aa ii]
• • [a] [ii ] • [āā aa ōō]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • •
(31)

[ēē ]• [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō]• • [ii ] • [ aa] • [aa ā] •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
56
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
ᩮᨿᨽᩮᨿᨶ ᦀᦂᩣᨿᨿᩥᨲᩥ ᩴ ᩈᩁ
ᨷᩔᩥᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᩈᩅᩥ ᨲᩔ
[ēē u
u ēē ] [aa āā  aa] [  aa] [aa ii ā] [aa i] [ēē  aa] [aa aa] [ ēē ] [aa ]
ᦂ [k]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
u u
[u u aa]
• • [ ōō ]
• • [ēē] [āā aa ii]
• • [a] [ii ] • [āā aa ōō]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • •
(32)
ᦅ [g]
[ēē ]• [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō] • • [ii ] • [ aa] • [aa ā] • ᨥ [gʰ]
ᩮᨿᨽᩮᨿᨶ ᦃᩣᨿ
ᦃᩣᨿᩥᨲᩥ ᩴ ᩈᩁ
ᨷᩔᩥᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᩈᩅᩥ ᨲᩔ ᨦ [ṅ]
[ēē u
u ēē ] [āā  aa] [  aa] [aa ii ā] [aa i] [ēē  aa] [aa aa] [ ēē ] [aa ]
ᨧ
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
[c]
ᩣᨩᩥᦂᦂᩔ
ᩥ ᩔ ᦀᩣᨷᨲᩥ ᨳᩃᨧᨿᩔᩣᨲ
ᩔᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᦉ [cʰ]
u u
[u u aa]
• • [ ōō ]
• • [ēē] [ āā aa ]
• • • [ii ] • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [āā aa ]
• • u aa  aa āā ]
[u • • • • •
(33)
ᨩ [j]
ᩥ ᩴ ᦅᨶᩣ ᨫ [jʰ]
[ēē ]• [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō] • • [ii ] • [ aa] • [aa ā] •
ᨫᨶᩥᨶᩈᩈᩦ ᩴ ᨷᩔ
ᨷᩔᩥᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᩣ ᩅᨭᦂᩮᨲ ᨾᩮᦃ ᨫᨷᨶᩴ ᦀᩴᦅᨩᩣᨲ
ᨷᩮᩅᩮᩈᩈᩥᩥ ᨲᩔ ᦂᦂᩩᨧᩴ ᨬ [ñ]
[ii   aa] [aa ii ā] [aa  ēē] [ ēē] [ aa aa] [aa  āā aa] [ ēē ēē ] [aa ] u u
[u u aa]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
ᨭ [ṭ]
ᦀᩮᩉᩣᩈ
ᩥ ᨶᩥ ᨮ [ṭʰ]
[ ōō ]
• • [ēē] [āā aa ii]
• • [a] [ii ] • [āā aa ōō]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • •
(34)
ᨯ [ḍ]
ᩥ ᩴ ᦅᨶᩣ ᨰ [ḍʰ]
[ēē ]• [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō] • • [ii ] • [ aa] • [aa ā] •
ᨱ [ṇ]
ᨫᨶᩥᨶᩈᩈᩦ ᩴ ᨷᩔ
ᨷᩔᩥᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᩣ ᩅᨭᦂᩮᨲ ᨾᩮᦃ ᦀᨧᩩᨷᨶᩴ ᦀᩴᦅᨩᩣᨲ
ᨷᩮᩅᩮᩈᩈᩥᩥ ᨲᩔ
[ii   aa]
• • • [aa ii ā] • • [aa  ēē]
• • [ ēē] • [aa  aa aa]
• • • [aa  āā aa]
• • • [ ēē ēē ]
• • • [aa ] •
ᨲ [t]
ᩣᨩᩥᦂᦂᩔ
ᩔᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᨳ [tʰ]
u u
[u u aa]
• • [ ōō ]
• • [ēē] [ āā aa ]
• • • [ii ] • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [āā aa ]
• • u  aa āā ]
[u • • • •
(35)
ᨴ [d]
ᩥᦂᩩ ᦀᨬᨲᩁ
ᦀᨬᨲᩁᩥᩔ
ᩥ ᩣ
ᩔᩣ ᦀᩥᨲᩥᨿᩣ ᨵ [dʰ]
[ēē ]• [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō] • • [ii ] • [aa  ii āā]
• • • [ii  āā]
• •
ᨶ [n]
ᨷᨭ
ᨷᨭᩥᨻᨻᨴ
ᩥ ᨴᨧᩮᩥᩮᨲ
ᨲᩣ ᩮᩉᩣᨲ
ᩮᩉᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᩈᩣ ᦂᩣᩃ
ᦂᩣᩃᩴᦂᦂᨲᩣ
ᩴ ᨲᩣ ᩈᩈᩣᩮᨶ ᨫᨯᩥᨲᩣ ᦀᨭᩥᦂᩣᨶ
ᩣᨶᩥᩥ ᩅᨷᩥᨷᦂᩥᨱᩣᨶᨶᩥᩥ ᩮᩉᩣᨶᩥ
[ aa  ii ōō]
• • • • [ōō ] • [āā] [āā aa  āā]
• • • [ āā ēē]
• • [aa  āā] • • [aa  āā ]
• • • [ii  ii āā ]
• • • • [ ] •
ᨷ [p]
ᦀᨳ ᩮᦃᩣ ᩮᩈᩣ ᨽᦂ
ᩥ ᩴ ᦅᨶᩣ ᦀᨭᩥᦂᩣᨶ
ᩣᨶᩥᩥ ᩈᦂ
ᩴᦂᨯᨯᩥᨲᩣ ᨶᨾᩥ ᩮᩥᩮᨲ
ᨲ ᦀᩴᦅᨩᩣᨲ
ᨩᩣᨲᩴᩴ ᨹ [pʰ]
[] [ōō] [ōō] [ii ] • [ aa] • [aa ā] • [aa  āā ]
• • • [aa aa ii ā]• • • [ ii ēē]
• • [aa  āā aa]
• • •
ᨻ [b]
ᨷᨭ
ᨷᨭᩥᨷᨷᩤᩥ ᩤᩮᨴᩈ
ᨴᩈᩥᩥ ᨲᩔ ᦂᦂᩩᨧᩴ ᦀᩮᩉᩣᩈ
ᩣᨩᩥᦂᦂᩔ
ᩥ ᩔ ᦀᩣᨷᨲᩥ ᨽ [bʰ]
[ āā ēē ]
• • • [aa ] • u u
[u u aa]
• • [ ōō ]
• • [ēē] [ āā aa ]
• • • [ii ] • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [āā aa ]• •
ᨴᦂᨭᩔᩣᨲ
ᩔᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᨾ [m]
u  aa āā ]

[u (36) ᨿ [y]
• • • •

ᩥᦂᩩ ᦅᩥᨿᩣ ᩮᨾᨳᨶᩴ ᩁ [r]
[ēē ]• [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō] • • [ii ] • [āā  āā]
• • [ēē  aa] • •
ᩃ [l]
ᨵᨾᩴ ᨷᨭ
ᩥ ᩈᩅᩥ ᨿᦂᩥᨶᨿ
ᩥ ᩈᩅᩥ ᩮᨷᨲ
ᩮᨷᨲᩥᨿᨿᩣ
ᩥ ᩣ ᩮᨾᨳᨶᩴ ᨵᨾᩴ ᩅ [v]
[aa aa] • [ ēē ] • • [aa  āā]
• • [ēē  aa]
• • [aa aa] • [ ēē ] • • [ēē  āā] • • [ēē  aa] • • [aa aa] •
ᩈ [s]
ᨷᨭ
ᩥ ᩈᩅᩥ ᨷᨱᦂᩔ ᩮᨾᨳᨶᩴ ᨵᨾᩴ ᨷᨭ
[ ēē ] [aa  aa ] [ēē  aa] [aa aa] [ ēē ] [aa ] u u
[u u aa] [ ōō ] [ēē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
ᩉ [h]
ᩥ ᨶᩥ ᩊ [ḷ]
• • [a] [ii ] • [āā aa ōō]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • •
(37-40)
ᦀᩴ [ŋ̊]
ᩥᦂᩩ ᩏᨷᩉᨲ
ᩏᨷᩉᨲᩥᨶᨶᩥ ᩥᩮᨿᩣ ᩮᩉᩣᨲ
ᩮᩉᩣᨲᩥᩥ
[ēē ]• [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō] • • [ii ] • [ ii  ōō] • • • [ōō ] •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
57
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
ᩮᩈᩣ ᩉ
ᩉᩴᩴ ᩮᩅᨴ
ᩮᩅᨴᩥᨿᨿᩣᨾᩥ
ᩥ ᩣᨾᩥ ᩈᦃᩴ ᩅᩤ ᨴᦂᩴ ᩅᩤ ᦀᨷᨲᩥ ᩮᨾ ᨽᩅ
ᨽᩅᩥᩔ
ᩥ ᨲᨲᩦ ᩥ
ᩔᨲᩦ ᩮᨾᨳᨶᩴ
[ōō] [āā aa] • [ēē  āā ]
• • • [ aa] • [āā] u aa]
[u • [āā] [ āā aa ]
• • • [ēē] [ ii   ] • • • • [ēē  aa] • •
ᨵᨾᩴ ᨷᨭ
ᩥ ᩈᩅᩥ ᩮᨷ ᨽᦅᩅᩮᨲᩣ ᪅ᨲᨾᨲᩴ ᦀᩣᩮᩁᩣᩮᨧᩈᩴ ᩮᩅᨴ
ᩮᩅᨴᩥᨿᩥ ᩥ ᩅᩤ ᩮᩈᩣ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩮᩅ
[aa aa] • [ ēē ] • • [ēē] [ ōō] • [ēē  aa aa]
• • • [āā ōō ēē u
•u] • • [ēē ] • [āā] [ōō] [ii  ēē] • •
ᩮᨾᩣᨥᨷᩁᩮᩥᩮᩈᩣ
ᩈᩣ ᨶ ᩅᩤ ᩮᩅᨴ
ᩮᩅᨴᩥᨿᩥ ᩥ ᦀᩣᨷᨲᩥ ᨷᩤᩁᩣᨩ
ᩣᨩᩥᦂᦂᩔᩣᨲᩥ
ᩥ ᩔᩣᨲᩥ
[ōō  ōō]
• • [] [āā] [ēē ] • [āā aa ]• • [āā āā  aa āā ]
• • • • •
(41)

ᩥᦂᩩ ᦀᩥᨲᩥᨿᩣ ᩮᨾᨳᨶᩴ ᨵᨾᩴ
[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō] • • [ii ] • [ii  āā] • • [ēē  aa]• • [aa aa] •
ᨷᨭ
ᩥ ᩈᩅᩔᩥ ᩣᨾᨲᩦ ᩥ
ᩔᩣᨾᩦ ᨫᨷᨲ
ᩥᨲᨾᩮᨲ
ᨾᩮᨲ ᩅᨷᩥᨷᨭᩈᩥᩈᩣᩁᩦ
ᩣᩁᩦ ᦀᩮᩉᩣᩈ
ᦀᩮᩉᩣᩈᩥᩥ ᨲᩔ ᦂᦂᩩᨧᩴ ᦀᩮᩉᩣᩈ
ᦀᩮᩉᩣᩈᩥᩥ ᩮᨷ ᦀᨷᨲᩥ
[ ēē ii āā  ]
• • • • • [ aa ēē] • • [ii  āā ] • • • [ ōō ]
• • [aa ] • u u
[u u aa] • • [ ōō ]
• • [ēē] [ āā aa ]
• • •
ᨽᦂ
ᩣᨩᩥᦂᦂᩔ
ᩥ ᩔ ᦀᩣᨷᨲᩥ ᩈᨥ
ᩴᨥᩣᨴᩥ
[ii ] • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [āā aa ]
• • [aa āā  ēē aa āā ]
• • • • • •
(42)

ᩥᦂᩩ ᨽᨴᩥᩮᨿ ᨩᩣᨲ
ᨩᩣᨲᩥᨿᨿᩣᩅᩮᨶ
ᩥ ᩣᩅᩮᨶ
[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō] • • [ii ] • [aa  ēē] • • [āā  āā  ēē]
• • • •
ᨴᩅᩥᩅᩤᩤᩅᩉ
ᩥᩉᩣᩁᦅᩮᨲᩣ
ᩣᩁᦅᩮᨲᩣ ᨶᨷᩥᨷᩮ
ᩮ ᩮᩉᩣᨲ
ᩮᩉᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᨲᩔ ᦀᩴᦅᨾᨾᩴᦅᦅᩤᩴ ᩤᨶᩥ ᩅᩤᨲᨷᨲᨴᩤᨶᩥ ᩮᩉᩣᨶᩥ ᦀᨬᨲᩁᩣ
[ āā  āā  ōō]
• • • • • [ aa ōō]
• • [ōō ] • [aa ] • [aa  aa āā ]
• • • • [āā ū
ū aa aa āā ]
• • • • • [ ] • [aa  āā] • •
ᦀᩥᨲᩦ ᨷᩔ
ᨷᩔᩥᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᩣ ᦀᩴᦅᨩᩣᩮᨲ ᦀᨽ
ᦀᨽᩥᨶᩥ ᩈᩥ ᨴᩦ ᨲ
ᩥᨲᩣ ᨿᩣᩅᨴᨲᩴ ᦂᨲᩣ ᨷᦂᩣᨾᨾᩥᩥ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩪ ᦂᩥᩃᨶᩥᨶᩴ
[ii ]
• [aa ii ā] • • [aa  āā ēē]• • • [  ii ā] • • • [āā  aa aa]
• • • [aa ā] • [aa āā ] • • [ii ū
ū] • [ ii aa]
• •
ᨷᩔ
ᨷᩔᩥᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᩣ ᨽᦅᩅᩮᨲᩣ ᪅ᨲᨾᨲᩴ ᦀᩣᩮᩁᩣᩮᨧᩈᩴ ᨷᨬᩉᩥ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩮᩅ ᦀᩣᦂᩣᩮᩁᩉ
ᦀᩣᦂᩣᩮᩁᩉᩥᩥ ᦀᩴᦅᨩᩣᨲ
ᨩᩣᨲᩴᩴ
[aa ii ā]
• • [ ōō] • [ēē  aa aa]
• • • [āā ōō ēē u
•u] • • [aa ] • [ii  ēē] • • [āā āā ēē ]
• • • [aa  āā aa]
• • •
ᦂᨾᨶᨿ
ᩥ ᩴ ᩮᩉᩣᨲ
ᩮᩉᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᩁᩣᩮᦅᨶ ᩅᩮᨧᨶ ᨷᩔᩣᩮᩅᨶ ᩅᩤᩮᨲᨶ ᩏᨧᩣᩃᦅᨷᩤᨱᦂᨴᨭᩮᨶ ᦀᩥᩮᨾᩉ
ᨾᩉᩥᩥ
[aa  aa] • • [ōō ] • [āā ēē ] • • [aa ēē ] • • [aa āā ēē ] • • • [āā ēē ] • • u āā ii  āā  aa ēē ]
[u • • • • • • • • [ ēē ]
• •
ᩮᦃᩣ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩮᩅ ᨷᨬᩉᩣᦂᩣᩮᩁᩉ
ᩣᦂᩣᩮᩁᩉᩥᩥ ᦀᩴᦅᨩᩣᨲ
ᨩᩣᨲᩴᩴ ᦂᨾᨶᨿ
ᩮᩉᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᦀᨭᩣᨶᩮᨾᨲ
ᨶᩮᨾᨲᩴᩴ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩮᩅ
[ōō] [ii  ēē] • • [aa  āā āā ēē ]
• • • • • [aa  āā aa]
• • • [aa  aa] • • [ōō ] • [aa āā  ēē aa]
• • • • [ii  ēē] • •
ᦀᨶᩅᦂᩣᩮᩈᩣ ᨿᩴ ᨲᩔ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩᩮ ᩁᩣᩮᦅᨶ ᦀᩴᦅᨩᩣᨲ
ᩥ ᩴ ᦀᩔ ᦀᩁᩉ
ᦀᩁᩉᩴᩴ ᩮᩈᩣ
[ āā ōō] • • [aa] [aa ] • [ii  ōō] • • [āā ēē ] • • [aa  āā aa]
• • • [aa  aa] • • [aa ] • [ aa] • [ōō]
ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩ ᦀᨷᨲᩥ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩮᩅ ᨲᩔ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩᩮᨲ
ᨲᩥᩥ
[ii  ēē] • • [ii ] • [ āā aa ]
• • • [ii  ēē] • • [aa ] • [ii  ōō ] • • •
(43)

ᩥᦂᩩ ᩈᩣᩅᨲᩥᨿᩣ ᦀᨶᩅᩮᨶ
[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō] • • [ii ] • [āā aa  āā] • • • [aa  ēē] • •
ᩮᩉᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᦀᨬᨲᩁᩣ ᩮᦅᩤᨷᩤᩃᦂ
ᩥᦂᩣᩣ ᨷᩔ
ᨷᩔᩥᨲᨲ
ᦀᨽᩥᨶᩥ ᩈᩥ ᨴᩦ ᩥ ᩮᩈᩣ
[ āā  āā  ōō]
• • • • • [ aa ōō]
• • [ōō ] • [aa  āā] • • [ōō āā  āā]
• • • [aa ii ā]• • [aa  āā ēē]
• • • [  ] • • [ōō]
ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩ ᨷᩮᩅᩈᨶ
ᩈᩣᨴᩥᨿᩥ ᩥ ᨷᩅ
ᩈᩣᨴᩥᨿᩥ ᩥ ᨮᨲ
ᩥ ᩴ ᩈᩣᨴ
ᩈᩣᨴᩥᨿᩥ ᩥ ᩏᨴᩁᨱ
ᨱᩴᩴ ᩈᩣᨴ
ᩈᩣᨴᩥᨿᩥ ᩥ ᨲᩔ
[ii ] • [ ēē  aa]
• • • [āā ] • [ ii aa]
• • [āā ] • [ aa] • [āā ] • u  aa]
[u • • [āā ] • [aa ] •
ᩥ ᨶᩥ
u u
[u u aa] • • [ ōō ]
• • [ēē] [āā aa ii]
• • [a] [ii ] • [āā aa ōō]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • •
(44)

ᩥᦂᩩ ᩈᩣᩅᨲᩥᨿᩣ ᦀᨶᩅᩮᨶ
[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō] • • [ii ] • [āā aa  āā] • • • [aa  ēē] • •
ᩮᩉᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᦀᨬᨲᩁᩣ ᦀᨩᨷᩤᩃᦂ
ᩥᦂᩣᩣ ᨷᩔ
ᨷᩔᩥᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᩣ ᦀᨬᨲᩁᩣ ᦂᨭᩉᩣᩁ
ᩣᩁᩥᦂᦂᩣ
ᩥ ᩣ
[ āā  āā  ōō]
• • • • • [ aa ōō]
• • [ōō ] • [aa  āā] • • [ āā  āā] • • • [aa ii ā]• • [aa  āā] • • [aa  āā  āā]
• • • •
ᨷᩔ
ᨷᩔᩥᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᩣ ᦀᨬᨲᩁᩣ ᩮᦅᩤᨾᨿᩉᩣᩁ
ᨿᩉᩣᩁᩥᦂᦂᩣ
ᩥ ᩣ ᨷᩔ
ᨷᩔᩥᨲᨲ
ᦀᨽᩥᨶᩥ ᩈᩥ ᨴᩦ ᩥ ᩮᩈᩣ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩ ᨷᩮᩅᩈᨶ
[aa ii ā]
• • [aa  āā]
• • [ōō  āā  āā]
• • • • [aa ii ā] • • [aa  āā ēē]• • • [  ] • • [ōō] [ii ] • [ ēē  aa] • • •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
58
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
ᩈᩣᨴ
ᩈᩣᨴᩥᨿᩥ ᩥ ᨷᩅ
ᩈᩣᨴᩥᨿᩥ ᩥ ᨮᨲ
ᩥ ᩴ ᩈᩣᨴ
ᩈᩣᨴᩥᨿᩥ ᩥ ᩏᨴᩁᨱ
ᨱᩴᩴ ᩈᩣᨴ
ᩈᩣᨴᩥᨿᩥ ᩥ ᨲᩔ ᦂᦂᩩᨧᩴ ᦀᩮᩉᩣᩈ
[āā ] [ ii aa] [āā ] [ aa] [āā ] u  aa]
[u [āā ] [aa ] u u
[u u aa] [ ōō ] [ēē]
ᦂ [k]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •
• • [a] [ii ]• [āā aa ōō]
• • [āā āā  aa ]• • • •
(45-47)
ᦅ [g]
ᩮᩅᩈᩣᩃᩥᨿᩥ ᩴ ᨾᩉᩣᩅᩮᨶ
[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō] • • [ii ]• [ēē āā  aa]
• • • [ āā  ēē] • • • ᨥ [gʰ]
ᩮᩉᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᦀᨬᨲᩁᩣ ᦀᩥᨲᩦ ᨷᩔ
ᨷᩔᩥᨲᨲ
ᩥᨲᩣ ᨦ [ṅ]
[ āā  āā  ōō] [ aa ōō] [ōō ] [aa  āā] [ii ] [aa ii ā] [aa  āā ēē] [  ii ā]
ᨧ
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
[c]
ᨿᩣᩅᨴᨲᩴ ᦂᨲᩣ ᩈᩣᨾ ᩉᩈᨾᩣ ᨮᨲ

ᩥᨲᩣᩣ ᩮᩉᩣᨲ
ᩮᩉᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᩮᩈᩣ ᨽᦂ
ᨷᨭᩥᨻᨻᩥ ᨩᩥᨲᩣ ᨲᩴ ᦉ [cʰ]
[āā  aa aa]
• • • [aa ā] • [āā aa āā]
• • [ āā āā] • • [ āā] • [ōō ] • [ōō] [ii ] • u ii ā]
[ u • • • [aa]
ᨩ [j]
ᦀᩥᨲ ᪅ᨲᨴᩮᩅᩤᨧ ᨲᨿᩥᨴᩴ ᦂᨾᨶᩥ ᦀᩣᨾ ᨾᨿᩴ ᦂᨾᨶᩥ ᨲᩔ ᦂᦂᩩᨧᩴ
[ii ii]
• [ēē  ōō ]
• • • u  aa]
[u • • [aa aa ] • • [āā ] • [aa a] • [aa aa ] • • [aa ] • u u
[u u aa] • • ᨫ [jʰ]
ᦀᩮᩉᩣᩈ
ᩉᩴᩴ ᨽᦅᩅᩤ ᨩᩣᨾ
ᨩᩣᨾᩦᨲᩦ ᩥ ᦀᨷᨲᩥ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩ ᨬ [ñ]
[ ōō ]
• • [ēē] [āā ]
• [a] [ii ū
ū ] • • [āā aa] • [ āā] • [āā āā  ]
• • • [ āā aa ]
• • • [ii ] •
ᨭ [ṭ]
ᦀᨩᩣᨶᨶᩔᩣᨲ
ᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᨮ [ṭʰ]
[ āā aa aa āā ]
• • • • •
(48)
ᨯ [ḍ]
ᩮᩅᩈᩣᩃᩥᨿᩥ ᩴ ᨾᩉᩣᩅᩮᨶ
• • • [ āā  ēē] • • • ᨰ [ḍʰ]
ᩣᩁᦅᩮᨲᩣ ᩁᦂᩴ ᦀᨷᩔᩣᨿ ᨶᨷᩥᨷᩮ
ᨷᩔᩥᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᩣ ᦀᩴᦅᨩᩣᩮᨲ ᨱ [ṇ]
[ āā  āā  ōō] u aa]
[u [ aa āā ] [ aa ōō] [ōō ] [aa  āā] [ii ] [aa ii ā] [aa  āā ēē]
ᨲ [t]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
ᦀᨽ
ᩥᦂᩩ ᩈᩉᩈᩣ ᩅᨭᩣᩈᩈᩥᩥ ᨲᩔ ᦂᦂᩩᨧᩴ ᦀᩮᩉᩣᩈ
ᩈᩣᨴᩥᨿᩥ ᩥ ᨲᩴ ᨳ [tʰ]
[  ] • • [ōō] [ii ] • [ āā] • u āā ]
[u • • [aa ] • u u
[u u aa] • • [ ōō ]
• • [ēē] [āā ] • [a]
ᨴ [d]
ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩ ᦀᩈᩣᨴ
ᩥ ᨶᩔᩣᨲ
ᩣᨲᩥᩥ
[ii ū
ū ] • • [āā aa] • [ āā] • [āā  ii ]
• • • [ āā aa ]
• • • [ii ] • [ āā  aa aa āā ]
• • • • • •
(49) ᨵ [dʰ]

ᩮᩅᩈᩣᩃᩥᨿᩥ ᩴ ᨾᩉᩣᩅᩮᨶ ᨶ [n]
[ēē ] [ōō] [] [ ēē ] [aa  ōō] [ii ] [ēē āā  aa] [ āā  ēē]
ᨷ
• • • • • • • • • • • •
[p]
ᩣᩁᦅᩮᨲᩣ ᩁᦂᩴ ᦀᨷᩔᩣᨿ ᨶᨷᩥᨷᩮ
ᨷᩔᩥᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᩣ ᦀᩴᦅᨩᩣᩮᨲ ᨹ [pʰ]
[ āā  āā  ōō]
• • • • • u aa]
[u • [ aa āā ]
• • • [ aa ōō] • • [ōō ] • [aa  āā]
• • [ii ] • [aa ii ā] • • [aa  āā ēē]
• • •
ᨻ [b]
ᦀᨽ
ᩥᦂᩩ ᦀᦂᨾᨲ
ᩥᨲᩣ ᨷᩅᩮᨲᩈᩥ ᨲᩔ ᦂᦂᩩᨧᩴ ᦀᩮᩉᩣᩈ
ᩈᩣᨴᩥᨿᩥ ᩥ
[  ] • • [ōō] [ii ] • [aa  ii ā]
• • • [ aa ēē ] • • • [aa ] • u u
[u u aa] • • [ ōō ]
• • [ēē] [āā ] • ᨽ [bʰ]
ᨲᩴ ᨽᦂ
ᩥ ᨶᩔᩣᨲ
ᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᨾ [m]
[a] [ii ū
ū ] • • [āā aa]
• [ āā] • [āā  ii ]• • • [ āā aa ]
• • • [ii ] • [ āā  aa aa āā ]
• • • • • •
(50)
ᨿ [y]
ᩮᩅᩈᩣᩃᩥᨿᩥ ᩴ ᨾᩉᩣᩅᩮᨶ ᩁ [r]
• • • [ āā  ēē] • • •
ᩃ [l]
ᦂᨭᩣᦅᩤᩁᩈᩣᩃᩣᨿ
ᩈᩣᩃᩣᨿᩴᩴ ᨴᩅᩥᩅᩤᩤᩅᩉ
ᩣᩁᦅᩮᨲᩣ ᨴᩣᩁᩁᩴᩴ ᩅᩅᩥᩅᩁᩥᩁᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᩣ ᨶᨷᩥᨷᩮ
ᩮᩉᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᨲᩔ ᦀᩴᦅᨾᨾᩴᦅᦅᩤᩴ ᩤᨶᩥ
ū āā āā  āā āā aa]
[ū • • • • • • [ āā  āā  ōō]
• • • • • [ā aa] • [ ii ā] • • [ aa ōō]• • [ōō ] • [aa ] • [aa  aa āā ]
• • • • ᩅ [v]
ᩅᩤᨲᨷᨲᨴᩤᨶᩥ ᩮᩉᩣᨶᩥ ᩮᨲᨶ ᩮᦃᩣ ᨷᨶ ᩈᨾᩮᨿᨶ ᩈᨾ

ᩈᨾᩛᩉ
ᩛ ᩃᩣ
ᩉ ᦀᩥᨲᩥᩮᨿᩣ ᦅᨶᨬ ᩈ [s]
[āā ū
ū aa aa āā ]
• • • • • [ ] [ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  āā] • • [ii  ōō]
• • [aa aa ] • •
ᩉ [h]
•
ᨾᩣᩃᨬ ᦀᩣᨴᩤᨿ ᦀᩣᩁᩣᨾ

ᦀᩣᩁᩣᨾᩴᩴ ᦀᩣᦅᨾ
ᦀᩣᦅᨾᩴᩈᩈᩴ  ᩅᩉ
ᩥᩉᩣᩁᩮᨷᦂ
ᩣᩁᩮᨷᦂᩥᦂᩣᩮᨿᩣ ᦀᨳ ᩮᦃᩣ ᨲᩣ ᦀᩥᨲᩥᩮᨿᩣ ᨲᩴ ᩊ [ḷ]
[āā aa ] • • [āā āā ]
• • [āā āā aa]
• • [āā  aa ]
• • • [ āā    āā ōō]
• • • • • • [] [ōō] [āā] [ii  ōō]
• • [aa]
ᦀᩴ [ŋ̊]
ᨽᦂ
ᨷᩔᩥᨲᨲ
ᩥᨲᩣ ᨿᩣᩅᨴᨲᩴ ᦂᨲᩣ ᨷᩁᩈᩥᩈᩈᩮᨽᩣ ᩅᨲᩣᨿᨶᩥ
[ii u
u] • [aa ii ā] • • [aa  āā ēē]
• • • [  ii ā] • • • [āā  aa aa]
• • • [aa ā] • ū  ōō]
[ ū • • • [ āā aa ] • • •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
59
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
ᩅᨲᩣ ᦅᨶᨬ ᨾᩣᩃᨬ ᦀᩣᩮᩁᩣᩮᨷᨲᩣ ᨷᦂᨾᩈ ᨽᦂ

ᩥᦂᩪ ᦂᩥᩃᨶᩥᨶᩴ ᨷᩔ
ᨷᩔᩥᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᩣ ᨽᦅᩅᩮᨲᩣ
[aa ā]
• [aa aa ] • • [āā aa ] • • [āā ōō ēē ā]
• • • [aa  ii ] • • • [ii ū
ū] • [ ii aa] • • [aa ii ā] • • [ ōō] •
᪅ᨲᨾᨲᩴ ᦀᩣᩮᩁᩣᩮᨧᩈᩴ ᨷᨬᩉᩥ ᨽᦂ

ᩥᦂᩮᩅ ᦀᩣᦂᩣᩮᩁᩉ
ᦀᩣᦂᩣᩮᩁᩉᩥᩥ ᦀᩴᦅᨩᩣᨲ
ᩮᩉᩣᨲᩥᩥ
[ēē  aa aa]
• • • [āā ōō ēē u
• u] • • [aa ] • [ii  ēē] • • [āā āā ēē ]
• • • [aa  āā aa]
• • • [aa  aa] • • [ōō ] •
ᩁᩣᩮᦅᨶ ᩅᩮᨧᨶ ᨷᩔᩣᩮᩅᨶ ᩅᩤᩮᨲᨶ ᩏᨧᩣᩃᦅᨷᩤᨱᦂᨴᨭᩮᨶ ᦀᩥᩮᨾᩉ

ᨾᩉᩥᩥ ᩮᦃᩣ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩮᩅ
[āā ēē ]
• • [aa ēē ] • • [aa āā ēē ] • • • [āā ēē ] • • u āā ii  āā  aa ēē ]
[u • • • • • • • • [ ēē ]
• • [ōō] [ii  ēē] • •
ᨷᨬᩉᩣᦂᩣᩮᩁᩉ
ᩣᦂᩣᩮᩁᩉᩥᩥ ᦀᩴᦅᨩᩣᨲ
ᩮᩉᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᦀᨭᩣᨶᩮᨾᨲ
ᨶᩮᨾᨲᩴᩴ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩮᩅ ᦀᨶᩅᦂᩣᩮᩈᩣ ᨿᩴ
[aa  āā āā ēē ]
• • • • • [aa  āā aa]
• • • [aa  aa] • • [ōō ] • [aa āā  ēē aa]
• • • • [ii  ēē] • • [ āā ōō] • • [aa]
ᨲᩔ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩᩮ ᩁᩣᩮᦅᨶ ᦀᩴᦅᨩᩣᨲ
ᩥ ᩴ ᦀᩔ ᦀᩁᩉ
ᦀᩁᩉᩴᩴ ᩮᩈᩣ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩ
[aa ] • [ii  ōō] • • [āā ēē ] • • [aa  āā aa]
• • • [aa  aa] • • [aa ] • [ aa] • [ōō] [ii  ēē] • • [ii ] •
ᦀᨷᨲᩥ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩮᩅ ᨲᩔ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩᩮ ᦀᨶᨩᩣᨾ
ᩥᦂᩮᩅ ᨴᩅᩥᩅᩤᩤ ᨷᨭ
ᩥ ᩃᩦᨿᩮᨶᨶ ᨴᩣᩁᩁᩴᩴ
[ āā aa ]
• • • [ii  ēē] • • [aa ] • [ii  ōō] • • [ āā āā ] • • • [ii  ēē] • • [ āā] • [ aa  aa ēē ]
• • • • • [ā aa] •
ᩈᩅᩴᩅᩁᩥᩁᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᩣ ᨷᨭ
ᩥ ᩃᩦᨿᨲ
ᩥᨲᨶᩥ
[aa  ii ā]
• • • [ aa   u
u ]
• • • • •
(51)
1 -182 ᩮᨲᨶ ᩮᦃᩣ ᨷᨶ ᩈᨾᩮᨿᨶ ᦀᨬᨲᩮᩁᩣ ᨽᩣᩁᦂᨧᩮᦂᩣ ᨽᦂ

ᩥᦂᩩ ᩈᨷᨶᩥᨶᩮᨶ
ᩮᨶ
[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō]
• • [āā  aa  ōō] • • • • [ii ] • [ aa ēē] • •
ᩥ ᦂ
ᩥᦂᩣᨿ
ᩣᨿ ᩮᨾᨳᨶᩴ ᨵᨾᩴ ᨷᨭ
ᩥ ᩈᩅᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᩣ ᦀᩔᨾᩮᨱᩣ ᦀᩉ
ᦀᩉᩴᩴ ᩅᨻᩥᨻᨾᩔ
ᩥᩔᩣᨾᩦ
ᩣᨾᨲᩦ ᩥ
[ āā  āā ]
• • • • [ēē  aa] • • [aa aa] • [ ēē ii ā] • • • [aa  ōō]
• • [ aa] • [ii  ii āā  ]
• • • • •
ᨽᩣᩁᦂᨧᩴ ᦅᨧᩮ ᦀᨶᩁᩣᨾᩮᦅ ᦀᩣᨿᩈᨶᩴ ᩏᨷᩤᩃ ᨷᩔ

ᨷᩔᩥᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᩣ ᪅ᨲᨾᨲᩴ ᦀᩣᩮᩁᩣᩮᨧᩈ
[āā  aa aa]
• • • [aa aa ōō] • • [aa  āā aa ēē]
• • • • [āā aa a aa]
• • • [ āā ii]
• • [aa ii ā] • • [ēē  aa aa]
• • • [āā ōō ēē ]
• • •
ᦀᩣᨿᩈᩣ ᩏᨷᩤᩃᩥ ᪅ᩅᨾᩣᩉ ᦀᨷᨲᩥ ᦀᩣᩅᩮᩈᩣ ᩈᨷᨶᩥᨶᩮᨶ

ᩮᨶᨲᨲᩥᩥ
[āā aa ā]
• • [ āā ] • • [ēē  āā ]
• • • [ āā aa ] • • • [āā  ōō] • • [ aa ēē āā ] • • • •
(52)
1 -183 ᩮᨲᨶ ᩮᦃᩣ ᨷᨶ ᩈᨾᩮᨿᨶ ᩁᩣᨩᦅᩮᩉ ᩈᨷᨻᨻᩛᩣᩛ ᨾ ᩏᨷᩤᩈᦂ

ᩥᦂᩣᩣ
[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [āā  ēē]
• • [ aa āā] • • [āā ] • [ āā  āā]
• • •
ᨾᨵᨷᩈ ᩮᩉᩣᨲ
ᩮᩉᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᩈᩣ ᪅ᩅ
᪅ᩅᩴᨴᩴ ᨭᩥᨭᩥᦂᩣ ᩮᩉᩣᨲ
ᩮᩉᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᨿᩣ ᩮᨾᨳᨶᩴ ᨵᨾᩴ ᩮᨴᨲ
ᩮᨴᨲᩥᩥ ᩈᩣ
[ aa  aa āā]
• • • • [ōō ] • [āā] [ēē aa ii  āā]
• • • • [ōō ] • [āā] [ēē  aa] • • [aa aa] • [ēē ] • [āā]
ᦀᦅᨴᩤᨶᩴ ᩮᨴᨲ
ᩮᨴᨲᩦᨲᩦ ᩥ ᩈᩣ ᨽᦂ
ᨷᩔᩥᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᩣ ᪅ᨲᨴᩮᩅᩤᨧ ᪅ᩉ
᪅ᩉᩥᩥ ᨽᩮᨶ ᩮᨾᨳᨶᩴ ᨵᨾᩴ
[aa  āā aa]
• • • [ēē  ] • • [āā] [ii u
u] • [aa ii ā] • • [ēē  ōō ]
• • • [ēē ] • [aa ēē] • [ēē  aa] • • [aa aa] •
ᨷᨭ
ᩦ ᩥ ᪅ᩉ
᪅ᩉᩥᩥ ᨽᩮᨶ ᩐᩁᨶᩁᦂ
ᩥᦂᩣᨿ
ᩣᨿ ᨥᩮᨭᩉᩥ ᪅ᩅ
᪅ᩅᩴᩴ ᩮᨲ
[ ēē āā ] • • • [ aa] • [] [ēē aa] • [aa   ] • • • [ēē ] • [aa ēē] • ū u
[ū u  āā ]
• • • • [aa ēē ] • • [ēē aa] • [ēē]
ᦀᨷᨲᩥ ᨽᩅ
ᨽᩅᩥᩔ
ᩥ ᨲᨲᩦ ᩥ
ᩔᨲᩦ ᩮᨷ ᪅ᩉ
᪅ᩉᩥᩥ ᨽᩮᨶ ᨽ
ᨽᩥᨿᩥ ᩴ ᨥᩮᨭᩉᩥ ᪅ᩉ
᪅ᩉᩥᩥ ᨽᩮᨶ ᩏᨴᩁᩅᨭᩥᨿᩴ
[ āā aa ]
• • • [ ii   ]
• • • • [ēē] [ēē ] • [aa ēē] • [āā  aa] • • [aa ēē ] • • [ēē ] • [aa ēē] • [ aa  aa] • • •
ᨥᩮᨭᩉᩥ ᪅ᩉ
᪅ᩉᩥᩥ ᨽᩮᨶ ᩏᨷᦂᨧᩮᦂ ᨥᩮᨭᩉᩥ ᪅ᩉ
᪅ᩉᩥᩥ ᨽᩮᨶ ᦅᩦᩅᩤᨿᩴ ᨥᩮᨭᩉᩥ ᪅ᩉ
[aa ēē ] • • [ēē ] • [aa ēē] • [ aa  ēē] • • • [aa ēē ] • • [ēē ] • [aa ēē] • [ āā aa] • • [aa ēē ] • • [ēē ] • [aa ēē] •
ᦂᨱᨧᩥᩮᨴ ᨥᩮᨭᩉᩥ ᪅ᩉ
᪅ᩉᩥᩥ ᨽᩮᨶ ᩮᦂᩈᩅᨭᩥᨿᩴ ᨥᩮᨭᩉᩥ ᪅ᩉ
᪅ᩉᩥᩥ ᨽᩮᨶ ᦀᩴᦅᩃᨶᩁᦂ
ᩥᦂᩣᨿ
ᩣᨿ
[aa aa ii ēē]• • • [aa ēē ] • • [ēē ] • [aa ēē] • [ēē  aa  aa]
• • • • [aa ēē ] • • [ēē ] • [aa ēē] • [aa  aa  āā ]
• • • • •
ᨥᩮᨭᩉᩥ ᪅ᩉ
᪅ᩉᩥᩥ ᨽᩮᨶ ᩉᩮᨲᨶ ᩏᨷᦂᨾᨲ
ᩥᨲᩣ ᩮᨾᩣᩮᨧᩔᩣᨾ
ᩮᨾᩣᩮᨧᩔᩣᨾᩥᩥ ᪅ᩅ
ᨽᩅᩥᩔ
ᩥ ᨲᨲᩦ ᩥ
ᩔᨲᩦ
[aa ēē ] • • [ēē ] • [aa ēē] • [aa ēē ] • • [ aa  ii ā]
• • • • [ōō  āā ]• • • [ēē aa] • [ēē] [ āā aa ]
• • • [ ii   ] • • • •
ᩮᩈᩣ ᨽᦂ
ᩣᨩᩥᦂᦂᩔ
ᩥ ᩔ
[ōō] [ii ] • [ āā] • [ āā ] • • [aa ] • u u
[u u aa] • • [ ōō ]
• • [ēē] [ āā aa ]
• • • [ii ] • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • •
ᦀᩣᨷᨲᩥ ᩈᨥ
ᩴᨥᩣᨴᩥ
[āā aa ]
• • [aa āā  ēē aa āā ]
• • • • • •
(53-61)
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
60
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
1 -184 ᩮᨲᨶ ᩮᦃᩣ ᨷᨶ ᩈᨾᩮᨿᨶ ᩈᩣᩅᨲᩥᨿᩴ ᩈᨴᩤ ᨾ ᩏᨷᩤᩈᦂ

ᩥᦂᩣᩣ
[ēē ] [ōō] [] [ ēē ] [āā aa  aa] [aa āā] [āā ] [ āā  āā]
ᦂ [k]
• • • • • • • • • • •
ᨾᨵᨷᩈ ᩮᩉᩣᨲ
ᩮᩉᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᩈᩣ ᪅ᩅ
᪅ᩅᩴᨴᩴ ᨭᩥᨭᩥᦂᩣ ᩮᩉᩣᨲ
ᩮᩉᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᨿᩣ ᩮᨾᨳᨶᩴ ᨵᨾᩴ ᩮᨴᨲ
ᩮᨴᨲᩥᩥ ᩈᩣ ᦃ [kʰ]
[ aa  aa āā]
• • • • [ōō ] • [āā] [ēē aa ii  āā]
• • • • [ōō ] • [āā] [ēē  aa] • • [aa aa] • [ēē ] • [āā]
ᦅ [g]
ᦀᦅᨴᩤᨶᩴ ᩮᨴᨲ
ᩮᨴᨲᩦᨲᩦ ᩥ ᩈᩣ ᨽᦂ
ᨷᩔᩥᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᩣ ᪅ᨲᨴᩮᩅᩤᨧ ᪅ᩉ
᪅ᩉᩥᩥ ᨽᩮᨶ ᩮᨾᨳᨶᩴ ᨵᨾᩴ
[aa  āā aa]
• • • [ēē  ] • • [āā] [ii u
u] • [aa ii ā] • • [ēē  ōō ]
• • • [ēē ] • [aa ēē] • [ēē  aa] • • [aa aa] • ᨥ [gʰ]
ᨷᨭ
ᩦ ᩥ ᪅ᩉ
᪅ᩉᩥᩥ ᨽᩮᨶ ᩐᩁᨶᩁᦂ
ᩥᦂᩣᨿ
ᩣᨿ ᨥᩮᨭᩉᩥ ᩮᨷ ᪅ᩉ
᪅ᩉᩥᩥ ᨦ [ṅ]
[ ēē āā ] • • • [ aa]• [] [ēē aa] • [aa   ] • • • [ēē ]
• [aa ēē] • ū u
[ū u  āā ]
• • • • [aa ēē ] • • [ēē] [ēē ]
•
ᨧ [c]
ᨽᩮᨶ ᩉᩮᨲᨶ ᩏᨷᦂᨾᨲ

ᩥᨲᩣ ᩮᨾᩣᩮᨧᩔᩣᨾ
ᩮᨾᩣᩮᨧᩔᩣᨾᩥᩥ ᪅ᩅ
ᨽᩅᩥᩔ
ᩥ ᨲᨲᩦ ᩥ
ᩔᨲᩦ ᩮᩈᩣ ᦉ [cʰ]
[aa ēē] • [aa ēē ] • • [ aa  ii ā]
• • • • [ōō  āā ]
• • • [ēē aa] • [ēē] [ āā aa ]
• • • [ ii   ]
• • • • [ōō]
ᨩ [j]
ᨽᦂ
ᩣᨩᩥᦂᦂᩔ
ᩥ ᩔ
[ii ] • [ āā] • [ āā ]
• • [aa ] • u u
[u u aa] • • [ ōō ]
• • [ēē] [ āā aa ]
• • • [ii ] • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • ᨫ [jʰ]
ᦀᩣᨷᨲᩥ ᩈᨥ
ᩴᨥᩣᨴᩥ
ᩥ ᩈᩈᩔᩣᨲᩥ ᨬ [ñ]
[āā aa ]
• • [aa āā  ēē aa āā ]
• • • • • •
(62-70)
ᨭ [ṭ]

ᩮᩅᩈᩣᩃᩥᨿᩥ ᩴ ᩃᨧᩥᨧᩅᦂ
ᩥᦂᨾᩣᩁᦂᩣ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩᩴ ᨮ [ṭʰ]
[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [ēē āā  aa]
• • • [ii  āā  āā]
• • • • [ii u
u] •
ᨯ [ḍ]
ᦅᩮᩉᨲᩣ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᨿᩣᩣ ᩅᨷᩥᨷᨭᨷᩥᨷᩤᩤᩮᨴᩈᩴ ᩈᦂ
ᩥᦂᨾᩣᨿ ᩅᨷᩥᨷᨭᨷᩥᨷᩤᩤᩮᨴᩈᩴ ᩈᩣᨾᩮᨱᩁ
ᩈᩣᨾᩮᨱᩁᩥᨿᨿᩣ
ᩥ ᩣ
[ ēē ā]
• • [ii  āā] • • [ii  āā ēē u
u]
• • • • [ii  āā āā ]
• • • • [ii  āā ēē u
u] • • • • [āā  ēē  āā] • • • • ᨰ [ḍʰ]
ᩅᨷᩥᨷᨭᨷᩥᨷᩤᩤᩮᨴᩈᩴ ᩏᩮᨽᩣ ᩈᩣᨴ

ᩈᩣᨴᩥᨿᨿ
ᩥ ᩈ ᩏᩮᨽᩣ ᩮᩈᨲᨻ
ᩮᩈᨲᨻᩛᩣᩛ ᩏᩮᨽᩣ ᨶ ᩈᩣᨴ
ᩥ ᩈ ᩏᨽ
ᩏᨽᩥᨶᨶᩥ ᩴ ᨱ [ṇ]
[ii  āā ēē u
• u] • • • [ ōō]
• [āā  ii ]
• • • [ ōō] • [āā ēē aa āā]
• • • [ ōō] • [] [āā  ii ]
• • • [ ii aa]
• •
ᨲ [t]
ᦀᨷᨲᩥ ᨳ [tʰ]
[ āā aa ]
• • •
(71-76)
ᨴ [d]
ᩥᦂᩩᩴ
[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [ēē āā  aa]
• • • [ii  āā  āā]
• • • • [ii u
u] • ᨵ [dʰ]
ᦅᩮᩉᨲᩣ ᩮᩅᩈ
ᩮᩅᩈᩥᨿᨿᩣ
ᩥ ᩣ ᩅᨷᩥᨷᨭᨷᩥᨷᩤᩤᩮᨴᩈᩴ ᨷᨱᩮᦂ ᩅᨷᩥᨷᨭᨷᩥᨷᩤᩤᩮᨴᩈᩴ ᦅᩥᩉᨶᩥ ᨿ
ᩥᨿᩣᩣ ᩅᨷᩥᨷᨭᨷᩥᨷᩤᩤᩮᨴᩈᩴ ᨶ [n]
[ ēē ā]
• • [ēē  āā] • • [ii  āā ēē u
• u] • • • [aa  ēē] • • [ii  āā ēē u
u]
• • • • [ āā] • [ii  āā ēē u
u] • • • •
ᨷ [p]
ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩ ᩈᩣᨴ
ᩈᩣᨴᩥᨿᩥ ᩥ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩ ᩮᩈᨲᩮᨻ
ᩮᩈᨲᩮᨻᩛᩣᩛ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩ ᨶ ᩈᩣᨴ
ᩈᩣᨴᩥᨿᩥ ᩥ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩᩔ ᦀᨷᨲᩥ ᨹ [pʰ]
[ii ] • [āā ] • [ii ] • [āā ēē aa ōō]
• • • [ii ] • [] [āā ] • [ii u
u ] • • [ āā aa ]
• • •
(77-82)
ᨻ [b]
ᩥᦂᩪ
[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [ēē āā  aa]
• • • [ii  āā  āā]
• • • • [ii ū
ū] • ᨽ [bʰ]
ᦅᩮᩉᨲᩣ ᦀᨬᨾᨬᩴ ᩅᨷᩥᨷᨭᨷᩥᨷᩤᩤᩮᨴᩈᩴ ᩏᩮᨽᩣ ᩈᩣᨴ

ᩥ ᩈ ᩏᩮᨽᩣ ᩮᩈᨲᨻ
ᩮᩈᨲᨻᩛᩣᩛ ᩏᩮᨽᩣ ᨶ ᨾ [m]
[ ēē ā]
• • [aa  aa aa]
• • • [ii  āā ēē u
u]
• • • • [ ōō] • [āā  ii ]
• • • [ ōō] • [āā ēē aa āā]
• • • [ ōō] • []
ᨿ [y]
ᩈᩣᨴ
ᩥ ᩈ ᩏᨽ
ᩏᨽᩥᨶᨶᩥ ᩴ ᦀᨷᨲᩥ ᩁ [r]
[āā  ii ]
• • • [ ii aa]
• • [ āā aa ]
• • •
(83-84)
ᩃ [l]
1 -188 ᩮᨲᨶ ᩮᦃᩣ ᨷᨶ ᩈᨾᩮᨿᨶ ᦀᨬᨲᩮᩁᩣ ᩅᨯᨷᨻᨻᩛᨩᩛ ᩮᩥᩮᨲᩣ
ᨲᩣ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩ
[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō] • • u  aa  ōō]
[u • • • • [ii ] • ᩅ [v]
ᩥ ᦂ
ᩥᦂᩣᨿ
ᩣᨿ ᨴᩔᨶ
ᨴᩔᨶᩴᩴ ᦀᦅᨾᩣᩈ
ᦀᦅᨾᩣᩈᩥᩥ ᩈᩣ ᪅ᩉ
᪅ᩉᩥᩥ ᨽᩮᨶ ᩅᨻᩥᨻᨾᩣᨲ
ᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᦀᦅᩮᩉᩈ
ᩉᩈᩥᩥ ᩮᩈᩣ ᩈ [s]
[ āā  āā ]
• • • • [aa  aa] • • [ āā ] • • [āā] [ēē ]
• [aa ēē] • [ii  āā ] • • • [aa  ēē ] • • • [ōō]
ᩉ [h]
ᨽᦂ
ᨷᨭᩥᦂᦂ
ᩥ ᨾᩮ ᩏᨲᩣᩮ ᨷᩁ
ᨷᩁᩥᨷᨷᨲᩥ
ᩥ ᨲᩥ ᩈᩣ ᩏᨻᨩᨲ
ᩥᨲᩣ ᦀᩴᦅᨩᩣᩮᨲ ᦀᨽ
ᦀᨽᩥᨶᩥ ᩈᩥ ᨴᩦ ᩥ ᨲᩔ ᩊ [ḷ]
[ii ] • [ ii  aa ōō]
• • • • u āā ōō]
[u • • [] [āā] u  ii ā]
[u • • • [aa  āā ēē]
• • • [  ] • • [aa ] •
ᦀᩴ [ŋ̊]
ᩈᩣᨴᩥᨿᩥ ᨶᩥᨶᩥ ᦀᨷᨲᩥ
u u
[u u aa] • • [ ōō ]
• • [ēē] [āā ] • [a] [ii ū
ū ] • • [āā aa] • [ āā] • [āā  ii ]
• • • [ āā aa ] • • •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
61
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
ᨽᦂ
ᩥ ᨶᩔᩣᨲ
ᩣᨲᩥᩥ
[ii ] • [ āā  aa aa āā ]
• • • • • •
(85)

ᩥᦂᩩ ᦀᩁᩮᨬ ᩅᩉ
ᩥᩉᩁᨲᩥ
ᩁᨲᩥ
[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō] • • [ii ] • [ aa ēē]
• • []
ᨾᦅᩥᦅᩮᨷᩤ
ᩮᨷᩤᨲᩮᦂᩣ ᨲᩔ ᨷᩔᩣᩅᨭᩣᨶᨶᩴᩴ ᦀᩣᦅᨶᩣ ᨷᩔᩣᩅ
ᨷᩔᩣᩅᩴᩴ ᨷᩅᩥᩅᩮ
ᩮ ᨾᩮᦃᨶ ᦀᩴᦅᨩᩣᨲ
ᨩᩣᨲᩴᩴ
[ ōō  ōō] • • • [aa ] • [aa āā aa āā aa] • • • • [āā aa ā]
• • [aa āā aa]
• • [ aa ōō]• • [ ēē ] • • [aa  āā aa]
• • •
ᦀᦅᩮᩉᩈ
ᩉᩈᩥᩥ ᩮᩈᩣ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩩ ᩈᩣᨴ
ᩈᩣᨴᩥᨿᩥ ᩥ ᨲᩔ ᦂᦂᩩᨧᩴ ᦀᩮᩉᩣᩈ
ᩥᦂᩩ
[aa  ēē ]
• • • [ōō] [ii ] • [āā ]
• [aa ] • u u
[u u aa] • • [ ōō ]
• • [ēē] [āā aa ii]
• • [a] [ii ] •
ᦀᩣᨷᩮ ᨷᩤᩁᩣᨩ
ᩥ ᨶᩥ
[āā aa ōō]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • •
(86)
1 -190 ᨷᨮᨾᨷᩤᩁᩣᨩ
ᩣᨩᩥᦂᦂᩴ
ᩥ ᩴ ᩈᨾᨲᩴ
[ āā āā  aa] • • • • [ aa aa]
• •
( 1 -1.1.2
1.1.2))
ᨴᨲᨿ
ᩥᨿᨷᩤᨷᩤᩁᩣᨩ
ᩣᨩᩥᦂᦂᩈᩥ
ᩥ ᩈᦂᦂ
ᩥ ᩣᨷᨴ ( 1 -1.1.2
1.1.2))
# #
[ āā āā  ii āā ] • • • • • •
1 -191 ᩮᨲᨶ ᩈᨾᩮᨿᨶ ᨻᩮᨴᩤ ᨽᦅᩅᩤ ᩁᩣᨩᦅᩮᩉ ᩅᩉ

ᩥᩉᩁᨲᩥ
ᩁᨲᩥ ᦅᩥᨩᦂᩮᨭ ᨷᨻ
ᨷᨻᩛᩮᩮᨲ
ᩛᨲ
[ēē ] • [ ēē ] • • u ōō]
[u • [ āā] • [āā  ēē]
• • [] [ii  ū
• ū ēē] • • [aa  ēē] • •
ᩮᨲᨶ ᩮᦃᩣ ᨷᨶ ᩈᨾᩮᨿᨶ ᩈᨾ

ᩈᨾᩛᩉ
ᩛ ᩃᩣ
ᩉ ᩈᨶᩥᨭᩣ ᩈᨾᨲᩣ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩪ ᦀᩥᩈᦅᩥᦅᩥᩥᩃᨷᩥᨷᩮᩔ
ᩮᩔ ᨲᨱ
ᩥᨱᦂ
ᦂᨭᩮᩥᩮᨿᩣ
ᨿᩣ
[ēē ]
• [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  āā] • • [aa ii āā] • • [aa aa āā] • • [ii ū
ū] • [ aa ēē]
• • [ ōō] •
ᦂᩁ
ᦂᩁᩥᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᩣ ᩅᩔ
ᩅᩔᩴᩴ ᩏᨷᦅᨧᩈ ᦀᩣᨿᩈᩣᨷᨷᩥᩥ ᨵᨶ
ᨵᨶᩥᩮᩮᨿᩣ
ᩥ ᨿᩣ ᦂᨾᦂᩣᩁᨷᩮᨲᩣ ᨲᨱ
ᩥᨱᦂ
ᦂᨭᦂ
ᩥᦂᩴᩴ ᦂᩁ
ᦂᩁᩥᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᩣ
[ ii ā]
• • [aa aa] • [ aa ii ] • • • [āā aa ā ]
• • • [ ōō] • u  āā  u
[u u ōō]
• • • • • [ aa] • [ ii ā]
• •
ᩅᩔ
ᩅᩔᩴᩴ ᩏᨷᦅᨧᩥ ᦀᨳ ᩮᦃᩣ ᩮᨲ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩪ ᩅᩔ
ᩅᩔᩴᩅᩅᩴ ᨭᩣ ᩮᨲᨾᩣᩈᨧᩮᨿᨶ ᨲᨱ
ᩥᨱᦂ
ᦂᨭᩮᩥᩮᨿᩣ
ᨿᩣ ᨽᨶᩥᨶᩥᨲᩣ
[aa aa] • [ aa ] • • [] [ōō] [ēē] [ii ū
ū] • [aa aa u
u āā]
• • • [ēē āā aa  ēē ]
• • • • • [ ōō] • [ii ii ā]
• •
ᨲᨱ
ᩥᨱᨬ
ᨬ ᦂᨭᨬ ᨷᨭ
ᨷᨭᩥᩈᩈᩣᩮᨾᨲ
ᩥ ᩣᩮᨾᨲᩣ ᨩᨶᨷᨴᨧᩣᩁ
ᩥ ᩴ ᨷᦂᨾᩈ ᦀᩣᨿᩈᩣ ᨷᨶ ᨵᨶ
ᩥ ᨿᩣ
[ aa ]
• • [aa aa ]
• • [ āā ēē ā] • • • [ āā  aa] • • • [aa  ii ]• • • [āā aa ā]
• • [] [ ōō] •
ᦂᨾᦂᩣᩁᨷᩮᨲᩣ ᨲᩮᨲᩅ ᩅᩔ
ᩅᩔᩴᩴ ᩅᩈᩥᩥ ᨲᨲ
ᩅᩈ ᩮᩉᨾᨶᩴ ᨲᨲ ᦅᩥᨾᩴ ᦀᨳ ᩮᦃᩣ
u  āā  u
[u u ōō]
• • • • • [aa ēē ] • • [aa aa] • [] [aa ] • [ēē aa aa] • • [aa ] • [ii a]
• [] [ōō]
ᦀᩣᨿᩈᩮᨲᩣ ᨵᨶ
ᨵᨶᩥᨿᨿᩔ
ᩥ ᩔ ᦂᨾᦂᩣᩁᨷᨲᩔ ᦅᩤᨾᩴ ᨷᨱ
ᨷᩅᩥᨭᨭᩥ ᩔ ᨲᨱ
ᩥᨱᩉᩣᩁᩥ
ᩉᩣᩁᩮᩮᨿᩣ
ᩥ ᨿᩣ
[āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ aa ] • • u  āā  u
[u u aa ]
• • • • • • [āā aa] • [ii āā ]• • [ ii aa ]
• • • [ āā  ōō] • • •
ᦂᨭᩉᩣᩁ
ᩣᩁᩥᩮᩮᨿᩣ
ᩥ ᨿᩣ ᨲᨱ
ᩥᨱᦂ
ᦂᨭᦂ
ᩥᦂᩴᩴ ᨽᨶᩥᨶᩥᨲᩣ ᨲᨱ
ᩥᨱᨬ
ᨬ ᦂᨭᨬ ᦀᩣᨴᩤᨿ ᦀᦅᨾ
ᦀᦅᨾᩴᩈᩈᩴ  ᨴᨲᨿ
ᩥᨿᨾᨾᩥ ᩮᦃᩣ
[aa  āā  ōō]
• • • • [ aa] • [ii ii ā] • • [ aa ] • • [aa aa ]
• • [āā āā ]
• • [ aa ] • • [ aa ] • • [ōō]
ᦀᩣᨿᩈᩣ ᨵᨶ
ᩥᨱᨬ
ᨬ ᦂᨭᨬ ᩈᦂ
ᩴᦂᨯᨯᩥᨲᩣ ᨲᨱ
ᩥᨱᦂ
ᦂᨭᦂ
ᩥᦂᩴᩴ ᦀᦂᩣᩈ
ᦀᦂᩣᩈᩥᩥ
[āā aa ā]
• • [ ōō] • u  āā  u
[u u ōō] • • • • • [ aa ]
• • [aa aa ]
• • [aa aa ii ā]
• • • [ aa] • [ āā ]
• •
ᨴᨲᨿ
ᩥᨿᨾᨾᩥ ᩮᦃᩣ ᦀᩣᨿᩈᩮᨲᩣ ᨵᨶ
ᨵᨶᩥᨿᨿᩔ
ᩥ ᩔ ᦂᨾᦂᩣᩁᨷᨲᩔ ᦅᩤᨾᩴ ᨷᨱ
ᨷᩅᩥᨭᨭᩥ ᩔ
[ aa ] • • [ōō] [āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ aa ] • • u  āā  u
[u u aa ]
• • • • • • [āā aa] • [ii āā ]
• • [ ii aa ] • • •
ᨲᨱ
ᩥᨱᩉᩣᩁᩥ
ᩥ ᨿᩣ ᦂᨭᩉᩣᩁ
ᩥ ᨿᩣ ᨲᨱ
ᩥᨱᦂ
ᦂᨭᦂ
ᩥᨱᨬ
ᦀᦅᨾᩴᩈᩈᩴ 
[ āā  ōō] • • • [aa  āā  ōō]
• • • • [ aa] • [ii ii ā] • • [ aa ]• • [aa aa ]• • [āā āā ]
• • [ aa ] • •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
62
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
ᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᨾᩥ ᩮᦃᩣ ᦀᩣᨿᩈᩣ ᨵᨶ
ᩥᨱᨬ
ᨬ ᦂᨭᨬ ᩈᦂ
ᩴᦂᨯᨯᩥᨲᩣ
[ aa ] [ōō] [āā aa ā] [ ōō] u  āā  u
[u u ōō] [ aa ] [aa aa ] [aa aa ii ā]
ᦂ [k]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
ᨲᨱ
ᩥᨱᦂ
ᦂᨭᦂ
ᦀᦂᩣᩈᩥᩥ ᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᨾᩥ ᩮᦃᩣ ᦀᩣᨿᩈᩮᨲᩣ ᨵᨶ
ᨵᨶᩥᨿᨿᩔ
ᩥ ᩔ ᦂᨾᦂᩣᩁᨷᨲᩔ ᦅᩤᨾᩴ ᦃ [kʰ]
[ aa] • [ āā ]
• • [ aa ] • • [ōō] [āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ aa ] • • u  āā  u
[u u aa ]
• • • • • • [āā aa] •
ᦅ [g]
ᨷᨱ
ᩥᨱᩉᩣᩁᩥ
ᩥ ᨿᩣ ᨲᨱ
ᩥᨱᦂ
ᦂᨭᦂ
ᩥᨱᨬ
ᨬ ᦂᨭᨬ
[ii āā ] • • [ ii aa ]
• • • [ āā  ōō] • • • [aa  āā  ōō] • • • • [ aa] • [ii ii ā] • • [ aa ]
• • [aa aa ] • • ᨥ [gʰ]
ᦀᩣᨴᩤᨿ ᦀᦅᨾ
ᦀᦅᨾᩴᩈᩈᩴ  ᨦ [ṅ]
[āā āā ]
• • [ aa ] • •
ᨧ [c]
1 -192 ᦀᨳ ᩮᦃᩣ ᦀᩣᨿᩈᩮᨲᩣ ᨵᨶ

ᨵᨶᩥᨿᨿᩔ
ᩥ ᩔ ᦂᨾᦂᩣᩁᨷᨲᩔ ᪅ᨲᨴᩮᩉᩣᩈ
᪅ᨲᨴᩮᩉᩣᩈᩥᩥ ᦉ [cʰ]
[] [ōō] [āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ aa ] • • u  āā  u
[u u aa ] • • • • • • [ēē  ōō ]
• • •
ᨩ [j]
ᨿᩣᩅᨲᨲ
ᨿᩣᩅᨲᨲᩥᨿᨿᦂᩴ
ᩥ ᦂᩴ ᩮᦃᩣ ᩮᨾ ᦅᩤᨾᩴ ᨷᨱ
ᩥᨱᩉᩣᩁᩥ
ᩥ ᨿᩣ
[āā  aa]
• • [ōō] [ēē] [āā aa]
• [ii āā ] • • [ ii aa ]
• • • [ āā  ōō] • • • [aa  āā  ōō] • • • • ᨫ [jʰ]
ᨲᨱ
ᩥᨱᦂ
ᦂᨭᦂ
ᩥᨱᨬ
ᦀᦅᨾᩴᩈᩈᩴ  ᦀᩉ
ᦀᩉᩴᩴ ᩮᦃᩣ ᨷᨶ ᩈᩈᦂ
ᩥᦂᩥᩮᨲᩣ ᨬ [ñ]
[ aa] • [ii ii ā] • • [ aa ] • • [aa aa ]
• • [āā āā ]
• • [ aa ] • • [ aa] • [ōō] [] [ ii  ōō] • • •
ᨭ [ṭ]
ᦀᨶᩅᩮᨿᩣ ᩈᩮᦂ ᦀᩣᨧᩁ

ᦀᩣᨧᩁᩥᨿᨿᩮᦂ
ᩥ ᩮᦂ ᦂᨾᦂᩣᩁᦂᩮᨾ ᨷᩁ
ᩥ ᨿᩣᨴᩤᨲᩈᩈᩥᩮᩮᨷ
ᩥ ᨷᩤ ᨿᨶᩪᩉ
ᩉᩴᩴ ᩈᩣᨾ
ᩈᩣᨾᩴᩴ ᨮ [ṭʰ]
[ ōō] • [ ēē] • [āā  ēē]
• • u  āā  aa ēē]
[u • • • • • [ ōō āā  ii ōō]
• • • • • [aa ū
ū āā aa] • • • [āā aa] •
ᨯ [ḍ]
ᨧᦂ
ᩥᦂᩃᩴ ᨾᨴᩥᨲᩣ ᩈᨻ
ᩈᨻᩛᨾᨾᨲ
ᩛ ᨲᩥᦂᩣᨾᨿ
ᩣᨾᨿᩴᩴ ᦂᨭᦂ
ᩥᦂᩴᩴ ᦂᩮᩁᨿᨶᩥ
[ii aa aa]
• • [aa ii ā] • • [aa  aa  āā  aa]
• • • • • • [ aa] • [  aa ]• • • ᨰ [ḍʰ]
1 -193 ᦀᨳ ᩮᦃᩣ ᦀᩣᨿᩈᩣ ᨵᨶ

ᩥ ᨿᩣ ᦂᨾᦂᩣᩁᨷᩮᨲᩣ ᩈᩣᨾ
ᩈᩣᨾᩴᩴ ᨧᦂ
ᩥᦂᩃᩴ ᨱ [ṇ]
[] [ōō] [āā aa ā] [ ōō] u  āā  u
[u u ōō] [āā aa] [ii aa aa]
ᨲ [t]
• • • • • • • • • • •
ᨾᨴᩥᨲᩣ ᩈᨻ
ᩥᦂᩴᩴ ᦂᩁ
ᦂᩁᩥᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᩣ ᨲᨱ
ᩥᨱᨬ
ᨬ ᦂᨭᨬ ᩮᦅᩤᨾᨿᨬ ᨳ [tʰ]
[aa ii ā] • • [aa  aa  āā  aa]
• • • • • • [ aa] • [ ii ā] • • [ aa ]
• • [aa aa ] • • [ōō  aa ]
• • •
ᨴ [d]
ᩈᦂ
ᩴᦂᨯᨯᩥᨲᩣ ᨲᩴ ᦂᨭᦂ
ᩥᦂᩴᩴ ᨷᨧ
ᨷᨧᩥᩥ ᩈᩣ ᦀᩮᩉᩣᩈ
ᦀᩮᩉᩣᩈᩥᩥ ᦂᨭᦂ
ᩥᦂᩣᩣ ᦀᨽ
ᦀᨽᩥᩁᩁᩥ ᨷᩤ ᨴᩔᨶ
ᨴᩔᨶᩦᨿᨿᩣ
ᩦ ᩣ ᨷᩤᩈᩣᨴ
ᩣᨴᩥᦂᦂᩣ
ᩥ ᩣ
[aa aa ii ā]
• • • [aa] [ aa] • [] [āā] [ ōō ] • • [ āā] • ū āā]
[ ū • • [aa   āā]
• • • [āā āā  āā] • • • ᨵ [dʰ]
ᩮᩃᩣᩉ
ᩮᩃᩣᩉᩥᨲᩥ ᦂ
ᩥᦂᩣᩣ ᩮᩈᨿᨳᩣᨷ
ᩣᨷᩥᩥ ᦀᩥᨶᩮᦅᩤᨷᩮᦂᩣ ᩮᩈᨿᨳᩣᨷ
ᩣᨷᩥᩥ ᨾ ᦂᦂᨱ
ᨱᩥᦂᦂᩈᩮᨴ
ᩥ ᩈᩮᨴᩣ ᪅ᩅᩮᨾᩅ
᪅ᩅᩮᨾᩅᩴᩴ ᨲᩔᩣ ᨶ [n]
[ōō  āā]
• • [  āā ] • • • [ii  ōō  ōō]
• • • • [  āā ] • • • [āā ] • [ii  aa ōō]
• • • [ēē  ēē aa]
• • • [aa āā]
•
ᨷ [p]
ᦂᨭᦂ
ᩥᦂᩣᨿ
ᩣᨿ ᩈᩮᨴᩣ ᦀᩮᩉᩣᩈ
ᦀᩮᩉᩣᩈᩥᩥ ᨹ [pʰ]
[ āā ] • • [aa ōō] • [ ōō ] • •
ᨻ [b]
1 -194 ᦀᨳ ᩮᦃᩣ ᨽᦅᩅᩤ ᩈᨾ
ᩈᨾᩛᩉ
ᩛ ᩮᩃᩉ
ᩉ ᩃᩉᩥᩥ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩪᩉᩥ ᩈᨴ ᦅᩥᨩᦂᨭᩣ ᨷᨻ
ᨷᨻᩛᨲᨲᩣ
ᩛ ᩣ
[] [ōō] [ āā] • [aa  ēē ] • • • [ii ū
ū ] • • [aa ii] • [ii  ū
ū āā]
• • • [aa  āā] • • ᨽ [bʰ]
ᩮᦀᩣᩮᩁᩣᩉᩮ ᦀᨴᩈ ᨲᩴ ᦂᨭᦂ

ᩥᦂᩴᩴ ᦀᨽ
ᦀᨽᩥᩁᩁᩥ ᨷᩴ ᨴᩔᨶ
ᨴᩔᨶᩦᨿᩦ ᩴ ᨷᩤᩈᩣᨴ
ᩣᨴᩥᦂᦂᩴ
ᩥ ᩴ ᩮᩃᩣᩉ
ᩥᦂᩴᩴ ᨴᩈᩥᩈᩣᨶ ᨾ [m]
[ōō ōō aa ōō]
• • • [aa ] • [aa] [ aa] • ū aa]
[ ū • • [aa   aa] • • • [āā āā  aa]
• • • [ōō  aa]
• • [ii ā ] • •
ᨿ [y]
ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩪ ᦀᩣᨾᩮᨶᩈᩥ ᦂ ᪅ᨲ
᪅ᨲᩴᩴ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩮᩅ ᦀᨽ
ᦀᨽᩥᩁᩁᩥ ᨷᩴ ᨴᩔᨶ
ᨴᩔᨶᩦᨿᩦ ᩴ ᨷᩤᩈᩣᨴ
ᩣᨴᩥᦂᦂᩴ
ᩥ ᩴ ᩮᩃᩣᩉ
ᩥᦂᩴᩴ ᩁ [r]
[ii ū
ū] • [āā aa ēē ]
• • • [ii] [ēē aa]
• [ii  ēē] • • ū aa]
[ ū • • [aa   aa]
• • • [āā āā  aa]
• • • [ōō  aa] • •
ᩃ [l]
ᩮᩈᨿᨳᩣᨷ
ᩣᨷᩥᩥ ᦀᩥᨶᩮᦅᩤᨷᩮᦂᩣᨲ
ᩮᦂᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᦀᨳ ᩮᦃᩣ ᩮᨲ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩪ ᨽᦅᩅᩮᨲᩣ ᪅ᨲᨾᨲᩴ ᦀᩣᩮᩁᩣᩮᨧᩈᩴ
[  āā ] • • • [ii  ōō  ōō ]
• • • • • [] [ōō] [ēē] [ii ū
ū] • [ ōō] • [ēē  aa aa]
• • • [āā ōō ēē u
• u] • • ᩅ [v]
ᩅᦅᩥᦅᩁᩉᩥ
ᩁᩉᩥ ᨻᩮᨴᩤ ᨽᦅᩅᩤ ᦀᨶᨶᨧᩅᦂ
ᩥᦂᩴᩴ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩮᩅ ᨲᩔ ᩮᨾᩣᨥᨷᩁᩈᩥᩈᩔ
ᩔ ᦀᨶᨶᩮᩃᩣᨾ
ᩥ ᩴ ᩈ [s]
[] u ōō]
[u • [ āā] • u  aa]
[ u • • • [ii  ēē] • • [aa ] • [ōō  aa ]
• • • [ ōō  aa] • • •
ᩉ [h]
ᦀᨷᨲᩁᩥᩁᨷᩴ ᦀᩔᩣᨾᨱᦂᩴ ᦀᦂᨷᩥᨿᩴ ᦀᦂᩁᨱ
ᦀᦂᩁᨱᩦᨿᩦ ᩴ ᦂᨳᨬᩥ ᨾ ᩮᩈᩣ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩮᩅ ᩊ [ḷ]
[aa  ū
•ū aa] • • [aa āā  aa]
• • • [ aa  aa]
• • • [  aa] • • [ aa ] • • [āā ] • [ōō] [ii  ēē] • •
ᦀᩴ [ŋ̊]
ᩮᨾᩣᨥᨷᩁᩮᩥᩮᩈᩣ
ᩈᩣ ᩈᨻ
ᩥᦂᩴᩴ ᦂᩁ
ᦂᩁᩥᩔ
ᩥ ᨲᩥ
ᩔᨲᩥ ᨶ ᩉᩥ ᨾ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩮᩅ ᨲᩔ
[ōō  ōō]
• • [aa  aa  āā  aa]
• • • • • • [ aa] • [ ii ] • • [] [] [āā ] • [ii  ēē] • • [aa ] •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
63
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
ᩮᨾᩣᨥᨷᩁᩈᩥᩈᩔ
ᩔ ᨷᩤᩮᨱᩈ ᦀᨶᨴᨿᩣ ᦀᨶᦂᨾᩤ ᦀᩅ
ᦀᩅᩥᩮᩮᩉᩈᩣ
ᩥ ᩉᩈᩣ ᨽᩅ
ᨽᩅᩥᩔ
ᩥ ᨲᩥ
ᩔᨲᩥ ᦅᨧᩮᨳᨲ
ᨳᨲᩴᩴ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩮᩅ
[ōō  aa ]
• • • [āā ēē ] • • u  āā]
[ u
• • • [ aa āā] • • [ ēē āā] • • [ ii ] • • [aa  ēē aa]
• • • [ii  ēē] • •
ᦂᨭᦂ
ᩥᦂᩴᩴ ᨽᨶᩥᨶᨳ ᨾᩣ ᨷᨧᩥᨾᩣ ᨩᨶᨲᩣ ᨷᩤᩮᨱᩈ ᨷᩤᨲᨻᨲᩴ ᦀᩣᨷᨩᩥ ᨶ ᨧ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩮᩅ
[ aa] • [ii ] • [āā] [aa  āā] • • [ āā] • [āā ēē ]• • [āā aa  aa] • • • [āā aa ]• • [] [] [ii  ēē] • •
ᩈᨻ
ᩛ ᨲᩥᦂᩣᨾᨿᩣ ᦂᨭᦂ
ᩥᦂᩣᩣ ᦂᩣᨲᨻ
ᦂᩣᨲᨻᩛᩣᩛ ᩮᨿᩣ ᦂᩮᩁᨿ ᦀᩣᨷᨲᩥ ᨴᦂᨭᩔᩣᨲ
ᩔᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᪅ᩅ
᪅ᩅᩴᩴ ᨽᩮᨶᨲᩥ
[aa  aa  āā  āā]
• • • • • • [ āā] • [āā aa āā]
• • [ōō] [  ] • • [āā aa ]• • u  aa āā ]
[u • • • • [ēē aa] • [aa ēē ] • •
ᩮᦃᩣ ᩮᨲ ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩪ ᨽᦅᩅᩮᨲᩣ ᨷᨭ
ᨷᨭᩥᩔ
ᩥ ᨱᨲ
ᩔ ᩥᨲᩣ ᩮᨿᨶ ᩈᩣ ᦂᨭᦂ
ᩥᦂᩣᩣ ᩮᨲᨶᨷᩈᩈᩴᦂᦂᨾ
ᩴ ᨾᩈ
[ōō] [ēē] [ii ū
ū] • [ ōō] • [ ii  ii ā]
• • • • [ēē ] • [āā] [ āā] • [ēē  aa  ii ]
• • • • •
ᩏᨷᩈ
ᩴ ᨾᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᩣ ᨲᩴ ᦂᨭᦂ
ᩥᦂᩴᩴ ᨽᨶᩥᨶᩈ ᦀᨳ ᩮᦃᩣ ᦀᩣᨿᩈᩣ ᨵᨶ
ᩥ ᨿᩣ ᦂᨾᦂᩣᩁᨷᩮᨲᩣ ᩮᨲ
[ aa  ii ā]
• • • • [aa] [ aa] • [ii ii ] • • [] [ōō] [āā aa ā]
• • [ ōō] • u  āā  u
[u u ōō] • • • • • [ēē]
ᨽᦂ
ᩥᦂᩪ ᪅ᨲᨴᩮᩅᩤᨧ ᦂᩥᩔ ᩮᨾ ᨲᩮᨾ ᦀᩣᩅᩮᩈᩣ ᦂᨭᦂ
ᩥᦂᩴᩴ ᨽᨶᩥᨶᨳᩣᨲ
ᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᨽᦅᩅᩤ ᦀᩣᩅᩮᩈᩣ
[ii ū
ū] • [ēē  ōō ]
• • • [ii ] • [ēē] u ē]
[u • [āā  ōō]
• • [ aa] • [ii  āā ] • • • [ āā] • [āā  ōō]
• •
ᩮᨽᨴᩤᩮᨷᨲ
ᨷᨲᩦᨲᩦ ᩥ ᨽᨶᩥᨶᨳᩣᩅᩮᩈᩣ ᩈᩮᨧ ᨵᨾᩔᩣᨾ
ᩣᨾᩦᩦ ᩮᨽᨴᩤᩮᨷᨲ
ᨷᨲᩦᨲᩦ ᩥ
[ēē āā ēē  ]
• • • • [ii  āā  ōō] • • • • [ ēē] • [aa aa āā ] • • • [ēē āā ēē  ]
• • • •
1 -195 ᦀᨳ ᩮᦃᩣ ᦀᩣᨿᩈᩮᨲᩣ ᨵᨶ

ᨵᨶᩥᨿᨿᩔ
ᩥ ᩔ ᦂᨾᦂᩣᩁᨷᨲᩔ ᪅ᨲᨴᩮᩉᩣᩈ
᪅ᨲᨴᩮᩉᩣᩈᩥᩥ
[] [ōō] [āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ aa ] • • u  āā  u
[u u aa ] • • • • • • [ēē  ōō ]
• • •
ᨿᩣᩅᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᦂᩴ ᩮᦃᩣ ᩮᨾ ᦅᩤᨾᩴ ᨷᨱ
ᩥᨱᩉᩣᩁᩥ
ᩥ ᨿᩣ ᨲᨱ
ᩥᨱᦂ
ᦂᨭᦂ
ᩥᦂᩴᩴ
[āā  aa]
• • [ōō] [ēē] [āā aa] • [ii āā ] • • [ ii aa ]
• • • [ āā  ōō] • • • [aa  āā  ōō]
• • • • [ aa] •
ᨽᨶᩥᨶᩥᨲᩣ ᨲᨱ
ᩥᨱᨬ
ᦀᦅᨾᩴᩈᩈᩴ  ᨿᩣᨷ
ᨿᩣᨷᩥᩥ ᨾᨿᩣ ᩈᨻ
ᩥᦂᩣᩣ
[ii ii ā] • • [ aa ]
• • [aa aa ] • • [āā āā ]
• • [ aa ] • • [āā ] • [ āā] • [aa  aa  āā  āā]
• • • • • • [ āā] •
ᦂᨲᩣ ᩈᩣᨷ
ᩈᩣᨷᩥᩥ ᨽᦅᩅᨲᩣ ᩮᨽᨴᩤᨷᨲ
ᩥᨲᩣᩣ ᦀᨲᩥ ᨧ ᩮᨾ ᨴᩤᩁᦅᩮᩉ ᦅᨱᩮᦂᩣ ᩈᨶᩥᨭ ᨿᨶᩪᩉ
ᩉᩴᩴ
[ āā] • [āā ] • [ āā] • [ēē āā  āā]
• • • [aa ] • [] [ēē] [āā  ēē]
• • [ ōō] • [aa ii ōō] • • [aa ū
ū āā aa] • • •
ᨴᩤᩁᦅᩮᩉ ᦅᨱᦂᩴ ᨴᩤᩁᨶᩥ ᨿᩣᨧ

ᨿᩣᨧᩥᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᩣ ᨴᩤᩁᦂᨭᦂ
ᩥᦂᩴᩴ ᦂᩮᩁᨿᨶᩥ
[āā  ēē]
• • [ aa] • [āā ū
ū ] • • [āā ii ā]
• • [āā  aa]
• • [  aa ] • • •

ᩥ ᨿᩣ ᦂᨾᦂᩣᩁᨷᩮᨲᩣ ᩮᨿᨶ ᨴᩤᩁᦅᩮᩉ ᦅᨱᩮᦂᩣ
[] [ōō] [āā aa ā]
• • [ ōō] • u  āā  u
[u u ōō] • • • • • [ēē ] • [āā  ēē] • • [ ōō] •
ᩴ ᨾᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᩣ ᨴᩤᩁᦅᩮᩉ ᦅᨱᦂᩴ ᪅ᨲᨴᩮᩅᩤᨧ ᨿᩣᩅᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᦂᩴ ᩮᦃᩣ ᩮᨾ
[ēē  aa ]
• • • [ aa  ii ā] • • • • [āā  ēē] • • [ aa] • [ēē  ōō ]
• • • [āā  aa]
• • [ōō] [ēē]
ᦀᩣᩅᩮᩈᩣ ᦅᩤᨾᩴ ᨷᨱ
ᩥᨱᩉᩣᩁᩥ
ᩥ ᨿᩣ ᨲᨱ
ᩥᨱᦂ
ᦂᨭᦂ
ᩥᦂᩴᩴ ᨽᨶᩥᨶᩥᨲᩣ
[āā  ōō]
• • [āā aa] • [ii āā ] • • [ ii aa ]
• • • [ āā  ōō] • • • [aa  āā  ōō] • • • • [ aa] • [ii ii ā] • •
ᨲᨱ
ᩥᨱᨬ
ᦀᦅᨾᩴᩈᩈᩴ  ᨿᩣᨷ
ᨿᩣᨷᩥᩥ ᨾᨿᩣ ᩈᨻ
ᩥᦂᩣᩣ ᦂᨲᩣ ᩈᩣᨷ
ᩈᩣᨷᩥᩥ
[ aa ]
• • [aa aa ] • • [āā āā ]
• • [ aa ] • • [āā ] • [ āā] • [aa  aa  āā  āā] • • • • • • [ āā] • [ āā] • [āā ]•
ᨽᦅᩅᨲᩣ ᩮᨽᨴᩤᨷᨲ
ᩥᨲᩣᩣ ᩮᨴᩉ
ᩮᨴᩉᩥᩥ ᩮᨾ ᦀᩣᩅᩮᩈᩣ ᨴᩤᩁᨶᩥ ᦀᩥᨧᩣᨾᨾᩥᩥ ᨴᩤᩁᦂᨭᦂ
ᩥᦂᩴᩴ ᦂᩣᨲᨶᩥ ᨶᨲᩥ
[ āā] • [ēē āā  āā] • • • [ēē ] • [ēē] [āā  ōō] • • [āā ū
ū ] • • [ii āā ] • • [āā  aa]
• • [āā u
u ] • • [aa ] •
ᨽᩮᨶ ᨲᩣᨴ
ᨲᩣᨴᩥᩈᩈᩣᨶᩥ
ᩥ ᩣᨶᩥ ᨴᩤᩁᨶᩥ ᨿᩣᩉ
ᨿᩣᩉᩴᩴ ᦀᨿᩔ ᨴᩮᨴᨿᩴ ᦀᨲᩥ ᨽᩮᨶ ᩮᨴᩅᦅᩉᨴᩤᩁᨶᩥ
[aa ēē] • [āā  āā ]
• • • [āā ū
ū ] • • [āā āā aa]
• • [aa aa ] • • [  aa] • • [aa ] • [aa ēē] • [ēē  āā ū
•ū ] • • •
ᨶᦅᩁᨷᨭ
ᨶᦅᩁᨷᨭᩥᩈᩥ ᦃᩴᦃᩣᩁᩥ
ᩣᩁᦂᦂᩣᨶᩥ
ᩥ ᩣᨶᩥ ᦀᩣᨷᨴᨲᩣᨿ ᨶᦂ
ᩥᦂᩥᨲᩣᨶᨶᩥᩥ ᩈᩮᨧ ᨲᩣᨶ
ᨲᩣᨶᩥᩥ ᨴᩤᩁᨶᩥ ᩁᩣᨩᩣ ᨴᩤᩮᨷᨲ
ᨷᨲᩥᩥ
[ aa āā  āā ] • • • • • [āā  aa āā ]
• • • • [ii ii āā ] • • • [ ēē] • [āā ] • [āā ū
ū ] • • [āā āā] • [āā ēē ] • •
ᩉᩁᩣᩮᨷᨳ ᨽᩮᨶᨲᩥ ᨴᩥᨶᩥ ᦀᩣᩅᩮᩈᩣ ᩁᨬᩣᨲ

ᩁᨬᩣᨲᩥᩥ
[ āā ēē ]
• • • [aa ēē ] • • [ii āā ] • • [āā  ōō]
• • [aa āā ] • •
1 -197 ᦀᨳ ᩮᦃᩣ ᨴᩤᩁᦅᩮᩉ ᦅᨱᦂᩔ ᪅ᨲᨴᩮᩉᩣᩈ

᪅ᨲᨴᩮᩉᩣᩈᩥᩥ ᦀᩥᩮᨾ ᩮᦃᩣ ᩈᨾᨱᩣ
[] [ōō] [āā  ēē] • • [ aa ] • • [ēē  ōō ]
• • • [ ēē] • [ōō] [ āā] •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
64
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
ᩈᦂᨷᨲᩥᨿᩣ ᨵᨾᨧᩣᩁ
ᩣᩁᩥᩮᩮ
ᩥ ᩈᨾᨧᩣᩁ
ᩈᨾᨧᩣᩁᩥᩮᩮ
ᩥ ᨻᩉᨧᩣᩁ
ᩣᩁᩥᩮᩮ
ᩥ ᩈᨧᩅᩤᨴᩮᩥᩮ ᩈᩃ
ᩦᩃᩅᩮ
ᩅᩮ
[aa  u
u  āā] [aa  āā  ōō] [ āā  ōō] [ āā  ōō] [aa  āā  ōō] [  aa ōō]
ᦂ [k]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
ᦂᩃᩣᨱᨵᨾᩣ ᩁᩣᨩᩣᨷ
ᩁᩣᨩᩣᨷᩥᩮᩮᨾᩈᩴ
ᩥ ᨾᩈᩴ ᦀᨽ
ᦀᨽᩥᨷᨷᩥ ᩈᩮ ᩁᩉᨲ
ᩁᩉᨲᩥᩥ ᦀᨴ
ᦀᨴᩥᨶᨶᩥ ᩴ ᨴᨶᩥᨶᨶᩥ ᩅᨲᩩᨶᩥ ᦀᨳ ᦃ [kʰ]
[aa ā  aa āā]
• • • • [āā āā  ēē aa]
• • • • [ ii  aa ōō]
• • • • [āā ] • [ ii aa]
• • [ii aa ] • • [aa u
u ] • • []
ᦅ [g]
ᩮᦃᩣ ᨴᩤᩁᦅᩮᩉ ᦅᨱᩮᦂᩣ ᦀᩣᨿᩈᨶᩴ ᨵᨶ
ᨵᨶᩥᨿᩥ ᩴ ᦂᨾᦂᩣᩁᨷᨲᩴ ᪅ᨲᨴᩮᩅᩤᨧ ᩉᩁᩣᩮᨷᨳ
[ōō] [āā  ēē] • • [ ōō] • [āā aa a aa]
• • • [ aa] • u  āā  u
[u u aa] • • • • • [ēē  ōō ]
• • • [ āā ēē ] • • • ᨥ [gʰ]
ᨽᩮᨶᨲᩥ ᦀᨳ ᩮᦃᩣ ᦀᩣᨿᩈᩣ ᨵᨶ

ᩥ ᨿᩣ ᦂᨾᦂᩣᩁᨷᩮᨲᩣ ᨲᩣᨶ
ᨲᩣᨶᩥᩥ ᨴᩤᩁᨶᩥ ᦃᨱᩣᦃᨱᩥᦂᩴ ᨦ [ṅ]
[aa ēē ] • • [] [ōō] [āā aa ā]
• • [ ōō] • u  āā  u
[u u ōō] • • • • • [āā ] • [āā ū
ū ] • • [aa āā aa  aa] • • • •
ᨧ [c]
ᩮᨫᨴᩤᩮᨷᨲᩣ ᩈᦂᩮᨭᩉ
ᩈᦂᩮᨭᩉᩥᩥ ᨶᨻᩥ ᩣᩛᩣᩉᩣᩮᨷᨲ
ᩉᩣᩮᨷᨲᩣ ᨴᩤᩁᦂᨭᦂ
ᦀᦂᩣᩈᩥᩥ ᦉ [cʰ]
[ēē āā ēē ā]
• • • [ ēē ] • • [ii āā āā ēē ā]
• • • • [āā  aa]
• • [ āā ]
• •
ᨩ [j]
1 -198 ᦀᨳ ᩮᦃᩣ ᩅᩔᦂᩣᩮᩁᩣ ᨻᩣᩉᩮᨱᩣ ᨾᦅᨵᨾᩉᩣᨾᩮᨲᩣ ᩁᩣᨩᦅᩮᩉ
[] [ōō] [aa  āā ōō] • • • [ā  ōō] • • [ āā aa ōō] • • • [āā  ēē] • • ᨫ [jʰ]
ᦂᨾᩮᨶ ᦀᨶᩈᨬᩣᨿᨾᩣᩮ ᩮᨿᨶ ᨴᩤᩁᦅᩮᩉ ᦅᨱᩮᦂᩣ ᩮᨲᨶᨷᩈᩈᩴᦂᦂᨾᩥ

ᩴ ᨾᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᩣ ᨬ [ñ]
[aa aa ēē] • • [ aa āā  āā ōō]
• • • • • [ēē ] • [āā  ēē]
• • [ ōō] • [ēē  aa ]
• • • [ aa  ii ā] • • • •
ᨭ [ṭ]
ᨴᩤᩁᦅᩮᩉ ᦅᨱᦂᩴ ᪅ᨲᨴᩮᩅᩤᨧ ᨿᩣᨶ

ᨿᩣᨶᩥᩥ ᨲᩣᨶ
ᨲᩣᨶᩥᩥ ᨽᩮᨱ ᩮᨴᩅᦅᩉᨴᩤᩁᨶᩥ ᨶᦅᩁᨷᨭ
ᩥ ᩣᨶᩥ ᨮ [ṭʰ]
[āā  ēē]
• • [ aa] • [ēē  ōō ]
• • • [āā ] • [āā ] • [ ēē] • [ēē  āā ū
ū ]
• • • • [ aa āā  āā ] • • • • •
ᨯ [ḍ]
ᦀᩣᨷᨴᨲᩣᨿ ᨶᦂ
ᩥᦂᩥᨲᩣᨶᨶᩥᩥ ᦂᩉ
ᦂᩉᩴᩴ ᨲᩣᨶ
ᨲᩣᨶᩥᩥ ᨴᩤᩁᨶᨲ
ᩦ ᩥ ᨲᩣᨶ
ᨲᩣᨶᩥᩥ ᩈᩣᨾ
ᩈᩣᨾᩥᩥ ᨴᩤᩁᨶᩥ ᩮᨴᩮᩅᨶ ᦀᨿᩔ
[āā  aa āā ]
• • • • [ii ii āā ] • • • [ aa] • [āā ] • [āā ū
ū  ]
• • • [āā ] • [āā ] • [āā ū
ū ] • • [ēē ēē ] • • [aa aa ]
• • ᨰ [ḍʰ]
ᨵᨶ
ᨵᨶᩥᨿᨿᩔ
ᩥ ᩔ ᦂᨾᦂᩣᩁᨷᨲᩔ ᨴᩥᨶᨲ
ᩦ ᩥ ᨱ [ṇ]
[ aa ] • • u  āā  u
[u u aa ]
• • • • • • [ii āā  ] • • •
ᨲ [t]
1 -199 ᦀᨳ ᩮᦃᩣ ᩅᩔᦂᩣᩮᩁᩣ ᨻᩣᩉᩮᨱᩣ ᨾᦅᨵᨾᩉᩣᨾᩮᨲᩣ ᦀᨶᨲᨾᩮ ᨳ [tʰ]
[] [ōō] [aa  āā ōō] • • • [ā  ōō] • • [ āā aa ōō] • • • [ aa  ōō]
• • •
ᨴ [d]
ᦀᩮᩉᩣᩈ
ᦀᩮᩉᩣᩈᩥᩥ ᦂᨳᨬᩥ ᨾ ᩮᨴᩮᩅᩤ ᩮᨴᩅᦅᩉᨴᩤᩁᨶᩥ ᨶᦅᩁᨷᨭ
ᩥ ᩣᨶᩥ ᦀᩣᨷᨴᨲᩣᨿ
[ ōō ]
• • [ aa ] • • [āā ] • [ēē ōō] • [ēē  āā ū
•ū ] • • • [ aa āā  āā ] • • • • • [āā  aa āā ]
• • • • ᨵ [dʰ]
ᨶᦂ
ᩥᦂᩥᨲᩣᨶᨶᩥᩥ ᨵᨶ
ᨵᨶᩥᨿᨿᩔ
ᩥ ᩔ ᦂᨾᦂᩣᩁᨷᨲᩔ ᨴᩔᨲ
ᨴᩔᨲᩦᨲᩦ ᩥ ᦀᨳ ᩮᦃᩣ ᩅᩔᦂᩣᩮᩁᩣ ᨻᩣᩉᩮᨱᩣ ᨶ [n]
[ii ii āā ]
• • • [ aa ] • • u  āā  u
[u u aa ]
• • • • • • [aa   ] • • • [] [ōō] [aa  āā ōō]• • • [ā  ōō] • •
ᨷ [p]
ᨾᦅᨵᨾᩉᩣᨾᩮᨲᩣ ᩮᨿᨶ ᩁᩣᨩᩣ ᨾᩣᦅᩮᨵᩤ ᩮᩈᨶ

ᩮᩈᨶᩥᩮᩮᨿᩣ
ᩥ ᨿᩣ ᨻᨾᩥ ᩈᩛᩥᩈᩣᩮᩁᩣ
ᩣᩮᩁᩣ ᩮᨲᨶᨷᩈᩈᩴᦂᦂᨾᩥ
ᩴ ᨾᩥ ᨹ [pʰ]
[ āā aa ōō] • • • [ēē ] • [āā āā] • [āā  ōō] • • [ēē  ōō] • • [ii  āā ōō] • • • [ēē  aa ]
• • •
ᨻ [b]
ᩏᨷᩈ
ᩴ ᨾᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᩣ ᩁᩣᨩᩣᨶ
ᩁᩣᨩᩣᨶᩴᩴ ᨾᩣᦅᨵ
ᨾᩣᦅᨵᩴᩴ ᩮᩈᨶ
ᩮᩈᨶᩥᨿᩥ ᩴ ᨻᨾᩥ ᩈᩛᩥᩈᩣᩁᩴ
ᩣᩁᩴ ᪅ᨲᨴᩮᩅᩤᨧ ᩈᨧᩴ ᦂᩥᩁ ᩮᨴᩮᩅᨶ
[ aa  ii ā]
• • • • [āā āā aa]
• • [āā  aa] • • [ēē  aa]
• • [ii  āā aa] • • • [ēē  ōō ]
• • • [aa aa] • [] [ēē ēē ]
• •
ᨽ [bʰ]
ᩮᨴᩅᦅᩉᨴᩤᩁᨶᩥ ᨶᦅᩁᨷᨭ
ᩥᦂᩥᨲᩣᨶᨶᩥᩥ ᨵᨶ
ᨵᨶᩥᨿᨿᩔ
ᩥ ᩔ ᨾ [m]
[ēē  āā ū
• ū ] • • • [ aa āā  āā ] • • • • • [āā  aa āā ]
• • • • [ii ii āā ]
• • • [ aa ] • •
ᨿ [y]
ᦂᨾᦂᩣᩁᨷᨲᩔ ᨴᩥᨶᨲ
ᩦ ᩥ ᩮᦂᩣ ᪅ᩅᨾᩣᩉᩣᨲ
᪅ᩅᨾᩣᩉᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᨴᩤᩁᦅᩮᩉ ᦅᨱᩮᦂᩣ ᩮᨴᩅᩤᨲᩥ ᩮᨲᨶ ᩉᩥ ᩁ [r]
u  āā  u
[u u aa ]
• • • • • • [ii āā  ] • • • [ōō] [ēē  āā āā ]
• • • • [āā  ēē] • • [ ōō] • [ēē āā ]
• • [ēē ] • []
ᩃ [l]
ᨻᩣᩉᨱ ᨴᩤᩁᦅᩮᩉ ᦅᨱᦂᩴ ᦀᩣᨱᩣᩮᨷᩉ
ᦀᩣᨱᩣᩮᨷᩉᩦᨲᩦ ᩥ ᦀᨳ ᩮᦃᩣ ᩅᩔᦂᩣᩮᩁᩣ ᨻᩣᩉᩮᨱᩣ
[ā ] • [āā  ēē]
• • [ aa] • [āā āā ēē  ]
• • • • [] [ōō] [aa  āā ōō]
• • • [ā  ōō] • •
ᩅ [v]
ᨾᦅᨵᨾᩉᩣᨾᩮᨲᩣ ᨴᩤᩁᦅᩮᩉ ᦅᨱᦂᩴ ᨻᨶᩴ ᦀᩣᨱᩣᩮᨷᩈ

ᦀᩣᨱᩣᩮᨷᩈᩥᩥ ᩈ [s]
[ āā aa ōō] • • • [āā  ēē] • • [ aa] • [aa aa] • [āā āā ēē ]
• • •
ᩉ [h]
1 -200 ᦀᨴᩈ ᩮᦃᩣ ᦀᩣᨿᩈᩣ ᨵᨶ
ᩥ ᨿᩣ ᦂᨾᦂᩣᩁᨷᩮᨲᩣ ᨴᩤᩁᦅᩮᩉ ᦅᨱᦂᩴ ᩊ [ḷ]
[aa ] • [ōō] [āā aa ā]
• • [ ōō] • u  āā  u
[u u ōō] • • • • • [āā  ēē]
• • [ aa] •
ᦀᩴ [ŋ̊]
ᨻᨶᩴ ᨶᨿ
ᩥᨿᨾᩣᨶ
ᩣᨶᩴᩴ ᨴᩈᩥᩈᩣᨶ ᨴᩤᩁᦅᩮᩉ ᦅᨱᦂᩴ ᪅ᨲᨴᩮᩅᩤᨧ ᦂᩥᩔ ᨲᩴ ᦀᩣᩅᩮᩈᩣ
[aa aa] • [ii  āā aa] • • • [ii ā ]
• • [āā  ēē] • • [ aa] • [ēē  ōō ]
• • • [ii ] • [a] [āā  ōō] • •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
65
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
ᨻᩮ ᨶᨿ
ᩥᨿᩣᩈᩈᩦᨲᩦ ᩥ ᩮᨲᩈ
ᩮᨲᩈᩴᩴ ᨽᩮᨶ ᨴᩤᩁᨶᩴ ᦂᩥᨧᩣᨲᨲᩥᩥ ᦅᨧᩣᩅᩮᩈᩣ ᦀᩉᨾᩥ ᦀᩣᦅᨧᩣᨾᨾᩦᨲᩦ ᩥ ᪅ᨿᩣᩈᩈᩥᩥ
[aa ōō] • [ii āā  ] • • • [ēē aa] • [aa ēē] • [āā ū
ū aa] • • [ii āā ] • • [aa āā  ōō] • • • [ aa ]
• • [āā aa āā  ]
• • • • [ āā ] • •
ᨽᩮᨶ ᨷᩁᩣᩉ
ᩣᩉᩴᩴ ᩉᨬᩣᨾ
ᩉᨬᩣᨾᩦᨲᩦ ᩥ
[aa ēē] • [ āā aa] • • [aa āā  ] • • •

ᩥ ᨿᩣ ᦂᨾᦂᩣᩁᨷᩮᨲᩣ ᩮᨿᨶ ᩁᩮᨬᩣ ᨾᩣᦅᨵᩔ
[] [ōō] [āā aa ā]
• • [ ōō] • u  āā  u
[u u ōō] • • • • • [ēē ] • [aa ōō] • [āā  aa ] • • •
ᩮᩈᨶ
ᩮᩈᨶᩥᨿᨿᩔ
ᩥ ᩔ ᨻᨾᩥ ᩈᩛᩥᩈᩣᩁᩔ
ᩣᩁᩔ ᨶᩮᩥᩮᩅᩈᨶᩴ
ᩴ ᨾᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᩣ ᨷᨬᩮᨲ ᦀᩣᩈᩮᨶ
[ēē  aa ]
• • • [ii  āā aa ] • • • • [ ēē  aa]• • • [ēē  aa ]
• • • [ aa  ii ā] • • • • [aa aa ēē] • • [āā  ēē]
• •
ᨶᩈᩥ ᨴᩦ ᩥ ᦀᨳ ᩮᦃᩣ ᩁᩣᨩᩣ ᨾᩣᦅᩮᨵᩤ ᩮᩈᨶ

ᩥ ᨿᩣ ᨻᨾᩥ ᩈᩛᩥᩈᩣᩮᩁᩣ
ᩣᩮᩁᩣ ᩮᨿᨿᩈᩣ ᨵᨶ
ᩥ ᨿᩣ
[  ]
• • [] [ōō] [āā āā] • [āā  ōō] • • [ēē  ōō] • • [ii  āā ōō] • • • [ēē āā aa ā]
• • • [ ōō] •
ᦂᨾᦂᩣᩁᨷᩮᨲᩣ ᩮᨲᨶᨷᩈᩈᩴᦂᦂᨾᩥ
ᩴ ᨾᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᩣ ᦀᩣᨿᩈᨶᩴ ᨵᨶ
ᨵᨶᩥᨿᩥ ᩴ ᦂᨾᦂᩣᩁᨷᨲᩴ
u  āā  u
[u u ōō]
• • • • • [ēē  aa ]• • • [ aa  ii ā] • • • • [āā aa a aa]
• • • [ aa] • u  āā  u
[u u aa]
• • • • •
ᦀᨽ
ᦀᨽᩥᩅᩅᩤᩥ ᩤᩮᨴᨲᩣ ᪅ᦂᨾᨶᩴ ᨶᩈᩥ ᨴᩦ ᩥ ᪅ᦂᨾᨶᩴ ᨶᩈᩥ ᩮᩥᩮ ᩮᦃᩣ ᩁᩣᨩᩣ ᨾᩣᦅᩮᨵᩤ ᩮᩈᨶ
ᩥ ᨿᩣ
[ āā ēē ā]
• • • [ēē  aa aa]
• • • [  ] • • [ēē  aa aa]
• • • [ ii ōō]
• • [ōō] [āā āā] • [āā  ōō] • • [ēē  ōō]• •
ᨻᨾᩥ ᩈᩛᩥᩈᩣᩮᩁᩣ
ᩣᩮᩁᩣ ᦀᩣᨿᩈᨶᩴ ᨵᨶ
ᨵᨶᩥᨿᩥ ᩴ ᦂᨾᦂᩣᩁᨷᨲᩴ ᪅ᨲᨴᩮᩅᩤᨧ ᩈᨧᩴ ᦂᩥᩁ ᨾᨿᩣ ᨽᩮᨶ
[ii  āā ōō]
• • • [āā aa a aa]
• • • [ aa] • u  āā  u
[u u aa] • • • • • [ēē  ōō ]
• • • [aa aa] • [] [ āā] • [aa ēē] •
ᩮᨴᩅᦅᩉᨴᩤᩁᨶᩥ ᨶᦅᩁᨷᨭ
ᩥᦂᩥᨲᩣᨶᨶᩥᩥ ᦀᨿᩔ ᨴᩥᨶᨲ
ᩦ ᩥ ᪅ᩅ
᪅ᩅᩴᩴ
[ēē  āā ū
• ū ] • • • [ aa āā  āā ] • • • • • [āā  aa āā ]
• • • • [ii ii āā ] • • • [aa aa ] • • [ii āā  ] • • • [ēē aa]
•
ᨾᩉᩣᩁᩣᨩᩣᨲ
ᨾᩉᩣᩁᩣᨩᩣᨲᩥᩥ ᨾᨿ
ᨾᨿᩴᩴ ᩮᦃᩣ ᨽᩮᨶ ᩁᩣᨩᩣᩮ ᨾ ᨻᩉᦂᩥᨧᩣ ᨻᩉᦂᩁᨱ
ᩁᨱᩦᨿᨿᩣ
ᩦ ᩣ ᨴᨲᩣᨷᨷᩥᩥ ᨶ
[ āā āā āā ]
• • • • [ aa] • [ōō] [aa ēē] • [āā āā ōō] • • [āā ] • [ ii āā] • • [  āā] • • [aa ā ]• • []
ᩈᩮᩁᨿᩣᨾ ᦀᩥᩴᨥ ᨽᩮᨶ ᩈᩁᩣᩮᨷᩉ

ᩈᩁᩣᩮᨷᩉᩦᨲᩦ ᩥ ᩈᩁᩈᩥᩥ ᨲᩴ
ᩈᩁᩈ ᨾᩉᩣᩁᩣᨩ ᨷᨮᨾᩣᨽ
ᨷᨮᨾᩣᨽᩥᩈᩥ ᩮᩥᩮᨲ
ᨲᩣ ᪅ᩅᩁᨷ
[  āā ]
• • • [ii ]• [aa ēē] • [ āā ēē  ]
• • • • [] [a] [ āā āā ] • • • [ āā  ii ōō] • • • • [ēē  ū
ū ii]
• • •
ᩅᩤᨧᩴ ᨽᩣᩈ
ᨽᩣᩈᩥᨲᨲᩣ
ᩥ ᩣ ᨴᨶᩥᨶᩮᨬᩅ ᩈᨾᨱᨻᩣᩉᨱᩣᨶ
ᩣᨶᩴᩴ ᨲᨱ
ᩥᨱᦂᨭ
ᦂᨭᨴᦂᩴ ᨷᩁ
ᨷᩁᩥᨽᨽᩥ ᨬᨶᩪᨲᩥ
[āā aa]
• [āā  āā] • • [ii aa ēē ] • • • [ ā  āā aa] • • • • [ aa ōō  aa]
• • • • u aa ū
[ u ū ] • • • •
ᩈᩁᩣᨾᩉ
ᩈᩁᩣᨾᩉᩴᩴ ᨽᩮᨶ ᩈᨶᩥ ᨽᩮᨶ ᩈᨾᨱᨻᩣᩉᨱᩣ ᩃᨩᩥᩮ ᦂᦂᩩᨧᦂᩣ ᩈᦂ
ᩥᦂᩣᦂᩣᨾᩣ ᩮᨲᩈ
ᩮᨲᩈᩴᩴ
[ āā  aa]
• • • [aa ēē] • [aa ] • [aa ēē] • [ ā  āā] • • • [aa  ōō]• • u u
[u u  āā] • • • [ii āā āā āā]
• • • [ēē aa] •
ᦀᨷᨾᨲᩮᦂᨷ
ᦂᨷᩥᩥ ᦂᦂᩩᨧᩴ ᩏᨷᨩᨲᩥ ᩮᨲᩈ
ᩮᨲᩈᩴᩴ ᨾᨿᩣ ᩈᨿ ᨽᩣᩈ
ᨽᩣᩈᩥᨲᩥ ᩴ ᨲᨬ ᩮᦃᩣ ᦀᩁᩮᨬ
[aa  aa  ēē ]
• • • • • u u
[u u aa] • • u aa ]
[u • • [ēē aa] • [ āā] • [aa āā ] • • [āā  aa] • • [aa ] • [ōō] [ aa ēē]
• •
ᦀᨷᩁ
ᦀᨷᩁᩥᦅᦅᩥ ᩉᨲ
ᩥ ᩴ ᩮᩈᩣ ᨲᩴ ᨽᩮᨶ ᩮᨲᨶ ᩮᩃᩮᩈᨶ ᨴᩤᩁᨶᩥ ᦀᨴ
ᦀᨴᩥᨶᨶᩥ ᩴ ᩉᩁ
ᩉᩁᩥᨲᨲ
ᩥ ᩴ ᨾᨬᩈ
ᨾᨬᩈᩥᩥ ᦂᨳᨬᩥ
[ ii  aa]
• • • [ōō] [a] [aa ēē] • [ēē ] • [ēē ēē ]• • [āā ū
ū ] • • [ ii aa]
• • u]
[ u • [aa ] • [ aa ]• •
ᨾ ᨾᩣᨴ
ᨾᩣᨴᩥᩮᩮᩈᩣ
ᩥ ᩈᩣ ᩈᨾᨱ
ᩈᨾᨱᩴᩴ ᩅᩤ ᨻᩣᩉᨱᩴ ᩅᩤ ᩅᨩᩥ ᩮᩥᩮᨲ
ᨲ ᩅᩈᨶᩴ ᩉᩮᨶᨿ ᩅᩤ ᨻᩮᨶᨿ ᩅᩤ
[āā ]
• [āā  ōō] • • [ aa] • [āā] [ā  aa] • • [āā] [ ēē] • [ aa aa] • • [  ] • • [āā] [aa  ] • • [āā]
ᨷᨻ
ᨷᨻᩛᩣᩣᩮᨩᨿ
ᩛ ᩮᨩᨿ ᩅᩤ ᦅᨧ ᨽᩮᨶ ᩮᩃᩣᩮᨾᨶ ᨲᩴ ᨾᩮᨲᩣᩈᩈᩥᩥ ᨾᩣᩔ ᨷᨶᨷᨷᩥᩥ ᪅ᩅᩁᨷᩴ ᦀᦂᩣᩈ
ᦀᦂᩣᩈᩦᨲᩦ ᩥ
[aa āā  ]
• • • [āā] [aa ] • [aa ēē] • [ōō ēē ]• • [a] u ōō ]
[u • • [ ] • [] [ēē  ū
• ū aa] • • [ āā  ]
• • •
1 -202 ᨾᨶᩔᩣ ᩏᨩᩣᨿᨶᩥ ᦃᩥᨿᨶᩥ ᩅᨷᩥᨷᩤᩤᩮᨧᨶᩥ ᦀᩃᨩᩥᩮ ᦀᩥᩮᨾ ᩈᨾᨱᩣ

u āā]
[ u • • u āā aa ]
[u • • • [ii aa ] • • [ āā  ]

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Pāḷi Tipiṭaka rthography based on

Major Suradhaj Bunnag, my ordainee saddhivihārika, who was ordained as a

I thereby designate this commemorative Pāḷi Tipiṭaka edition

As He approached Parinibbāna, the Buddha uttered:

216 484...yo vo, ānanda, mayā dhammo ca vinayo ca desito

Mahāsaṅgīti Tipiṭaka Buddhavasse 25002

Ānanda, the Dhamma (Doctrine) which I have expounded and the

Translation from The World Tipiṭaka Edition M2500: 7D2:4843

Thailand’s friendly Buddhist countries including Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Cambodia,

His Holiness Somdet Phra Ñāṇasaṁvara

20 October Buddhist Era 2542 (1999),

The Importance of the Tipiṭaka in Buddhasāsana

The term Buddhasāsana or Buddhism is generally used to convey a wide variety

Dhamma and Vinaya : Embodiment and Abode of the Buddha

216 484...Yo vo, ānanda, mayā dhammo ca vinayo ca desito

Mahāsaṅgīti Tipiṭaka Buddhavasse 25002

Ānanda, the Dhamma (Doctrine) which I have expounded and the

Translation from The World Tipiṭaka Edition M2500: 7D2:484

Saṅgīti : Preservation of the Buddha’s Words

This manner of Saṅgīti, or chanting together, was set as a precedent in the

The First Great Tipiṭaka Council of the Buddhist Era, B.E. 1

Saṅgīti and Tipiṭaka : Principles of Theravāda Buddhasāsana

The history of Saṅgīti in its true though extended meaning of an assembly to go

Mukhapāṭha : First Period of Tipiṭaka Transmission, before B.E. 460

Preservation by mukhapāṭha was carried out through recitation, which could

4. It was the practice of a monk as stated in an Aṭṭhakathā or Commentary that

Saṁgha and Tisikkhā : Buddhist Monks and Tipiṭaka Studies

As Buddhist monks lived in a community called Saṁgha, regulated by the

Potthakāropana : Second Period of Tipiṭaka Transmission, after B.E. 460

In one way, preservation in writing seems to assure stability and permanency;

Consequently, when preservation of the Pāḷi Tipiṭaka relies on outside materials,

Chaṭṭhasaṅgīti : The Buddhist Era 2500 Great International Council

When Buddhasāsana reached the twenty-fifth century of the Buddhist Era,

Mahāsaṅgīti Tipiṭaka :The World Edition in Roman Script, B.E. 2545

With patience, determination and carefully laid-out procedures, there is a report

Tipiṭaka in the Modern World

In this respect, Buddhasāsana as embodied in the words of the Pāḷi Tipiṭaka is

Tipiṭaka as Important Source for Wisdom and World Peace

Now it is generally accepted that these environmental problems stem from an

The Middle Way

On this matter Buddhasāsana teaches the Middle Way19 — to know things as

Man is a special component in this system as he can be trained and developed.

Tipiṭaka as Dāna : a Gift of Dhamma from Thailand

Venerable Phra Dhammapiṭaka21

October 9, B.E. 2545 (2002)

C World Tipiṭaka Sajjhāya Phonetic Edition in Various Tai Scripts

กัล๎ยาณธัม์มํ ชTai Syām Script-Pāḷi ช40 Vols./Digital

กล ฯาณธมฯํฯ ชTai Yuan Script-Pāḷi ช40 Vols./Digital

ชTai Lōng Script-Pāḷi ช40 Vols./Digital

dy]pkItTy,,Y ชTai Lao Script-Pāḷi ช40 Vols./Digital

d]CkIT,?Y ชTai Kün Script-Pāḷi ช40 Vols./Digital

ᦂᩃᩣᨱᨵᨾᩴ ชTai Lü Script-Pāḷi ช40 Vols./Digital

ชTai Khamti Script-Pāḷi ช40 Vols./Digital

klqÂaöDmqmÈ ชTai Āhom Script-Pāḷi ช40 Vols./Digital

ชTai Phāke Script-Pāḷi ช40 Vols./Digital

ชPāḷi Alphabet ช40 Vols./Digital

16 ชDigital Tai Pāḷi Sound ชDigital Only

Example of Lahu and Garu Sound

% �� & %� &+�� &� %

garu 2 Du-mhigaru see Kaccāyanapāḷi Rule No. 602 : dumhi garu

garu 3 Saṁyogagaru see Kaccāyanapāḷi Rule No. 28 : paradvebhāvo ṭhāne