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Abstract— The quality of human health has direct nutritional values to favorable hygiene conditions. Foods
relation to the condition of food. There is great concern contaminated by microorganisms are responsible for the
about the hygiene situation of foods intended for human transmission of diseases to humans. These are called
consumption, due to the ability to transmit diseases. The Foodborne Diseases, which may cause problems such as
general objective of this study was to evalua te the intoxication, intestinal infection, gastroenteritis,
parasitological contamination of vegetables sold in street amebiasis, giardiasis, cryptosporidiosis, toxoplasmosis,
markets of Vitória da Conquista-BA. Samples of chives among others (Brasil, 2010).
and arugula were analyzed, collected at the main points Vegetables are natural foods widely consumed
of commercialization of vegetables in street marketsof by the population and are able to be eaten, in most cases,
Vitória da Conquista, in the State of Bahia. The results in their raw form. However, numerous microorganisms
showed that 100% of the arugula samples and 80% of the may be transmitted by these foods, byincluding many
chive samples were contaminated by parasites. The protozoa and helminths (Luz et al., 2017; Pezzin et al.,
prevalence of contamination by Entamoeba coli cysts, 2017). There are, on average, 107 known parasite species
cysts of Endolimax nana, followed by Larvae of that may be from food source, that is, they may be present
Strongyloidesstercoralis. The identification of these in food or water, by making possible the contamination of
parasites hasgreat importance, since theysuggest absence the individual through the ingestion of these ones (Hikal,
of hygienic and sanitary actions and point out the 2017; Abougrain, 2010).
vegetables analyzed as a source ofemparasitoses Intestinal infections caused by helminths and
transmission.Vegetables are foods commonly eaten by the protozoa afflict around 2 billion people all over the world,
population. The sanitation of these organic foods, with significative recordsin Brazil. The main clinical
especially those ones consumed in its raw way, is a public manifestations apparent in infected people are
health concern, since they, when contaminated, may malnutrition, diarrhea, anemia, cognitive delay and
contain larvae, protozoa and eggs of helminths and serve irritability (Costa et al., 2019; Ndiaya et al., 2014).
as a source of transmission of enteroparasitoses to man. The high incidence and variety of clinical
Keywords— Feeding. Parasitological analysis. manifestations of intestinal diseases caused by parasites
Vegetables. Cheers. configure as a global public health problem; intestinal
parasitic diseases are transmitted by ingestion of larvae,
I. INTRODUCTION eggs, oocysts or cysts (BRUM et al., 2013). Ezatpour
The quality of human health has significative (2013) ratifies that many societies, especially in
relationto adequate food condition, that rangs from
It is observed that the highest prevalence of The results found suggest conditions of
arucula contamination was by Entamoeba Coli cyst cultivation and / or sanitary inadequate handling from the
followed by Strongyloidesstercoralis larvae. (Table 1). E. point of view hygienic and sanitary. Although it is not
coli cysts were also found in greater amount in the studies possible to say when the contamination occurred, this
of Carminate et al. (2011), whose objective was to study observed a great exposure of the vegetables in the
evaluate parasitologically the quality of the raw sales areas, by being easily accessible for any passerby,
vegetables consumed from the fair of the municipality of winds, dust and possible insects. No detailed information
Pedro Canário - ES. The authors identified E. coli as was obtained about the form of cultivation. However, it is
indicative of water contamination, since the producers of emphasized here that the contamination of vegetables
this region used waters from rivers that also were used for may occur throughthe water or soil, if these ones
other dailynecessities. arecontaminated with human feces, and by being that one
The contamination of individuals by Entamoeba of the main waysof human beingsbe affected by these
coli is not uncommon. Its prevalence in clinical exams parasites occurs throughthe oral ingestion of foods
performed with workers was described in the study by containing infective forms of parasites. Whenthese ones
Almeida et al., (2016), also drafting a higher index of are contaminated, they may present generic symptoms,
contamination by protozoa as compared to helminths, a and it maylead to death in the eventcase of non-hospital
fact observed in the present study, as it is identified larger care (Rezende et al., 2014). Amorós et al. (2010) affirms
quantities of protozoa in the vegetables . that contaminated water is the main form of
In the works by Costa (2015), Coutinho et al. (2015) and contamination of fresh produce.
Medeiros (2014)it was verified the presence of vegetables Other causes of enteroparasite contamination in
contaminated with Entamoeba. According tothe studies vegetables are attributed to soil contamination from
by Santos et al. (2009), although the Entamoeba organic fertilizer with fecal excrement, contact of
histolytica species is the only pathogenic species, vegetables with animals such as flies, birds and / or rats,
Entamoeba coli cysts are indicators of fecal infection. and possible inadequacies in the ways of handling and
Nomura et al., (2015), reaffirms about E. coli and E. nana, transport (Robertson Gjerde, 2001).
which despite being commensal protozoans, their Chives and arugula are commonly fertilized by
occurrence indicates fecal and oral contamination, that is poultry or cattle manure, often used as fertilizer for crop
determinant in the transmission of pathogenic parasites. soil (Albuquerque et al, 2010). There are kinds of
Therefore, the description of these parasites is important, production in which vegetables are grown with swine
since they indicate absence of hygienic and sanitary manure, cattle and poultry and / or irrigated with dammed
actions. waters that has contact with these animals. This explains
The presence of Strongyloidesstercoralis larvae part of the factors that contribute to the contamination of
found in this research matches with other studies about these vegetables. Therefore, the ingestion of these ones,
the contamination of vegetables, such as Rezende et al. cultivated, preserved or inadequately prepared, affects
(2014) who has verified agreater abundance of this possible dispersion of parasites (Rezende et al., 2014).
helminth in arugula and lettuce samples. Also in the The consumption of contaminated vegetables
studyperformed by Silva et al. (2015) the second largest exposes a large part of the population to possible
helminth identified in the chives, were larvae of the infections caused by parasites. The control of foodborne
species Strongyloidesstercoralis. According to Naves an d diseases, which are the result of the fecal and oral
Costa-Cruz (2013) among thenematodes, infection cycle, has gained greater care all over the world
Strongyloidesstercoralis is the most aggressive because it (Cantos et al., 2004; Blaser, 2006; Käferstein; Käferstein;
can cause abdominal pain, vomiting, nausea, diarrhea or Abdussalam, 2009).
loss of appetite, shortness of breath, fever and skin Graph 1 shows the index of contaminated
damage. vegetables in the street markets surveyed in Vitória da
CHIVES ARGULA
30.00%
24.39%
25.00%
20.00%
14.63% 14.63%
15.00% 12.20%
9.76%
10.00% 7.32% 7.32% 7.32%
5.00% 2.43%
0%
0.00%
FAIR A FAIR B FAIR C FAIR D FAIR E
According to Campos et al. (2013) arugula is a the adequate verification of the vegetables offered to the
vegetable that provides several benefits to human health consumer. Thus, inthe Normative Instruction Nº. 69,
because it is a plant rich in proteins, vitamins A and C, dated November 6, 2018, Article 2 about the minimum
and minerals such as iron and calcium. Besides being requirements of identity and quality determined are full
associated with a balanced diet, it stimulates the appetite responsibility of rural producers (BRAZIL, 2018).
and has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects for the However, it is visualized in Article 5 that the
living organisms. In relation to the chive, only a scientific minimum quality requirements to be observed in a
work on this vegetable was found, by regarding the product are whether they are whole, clean, pestfree, firm,
physical and chemical characteristics of this food (Silva, well developed physiologically, without foreign odors and
2015). However, it is known that this is a vegetable very free from rotand insects (BRASIL, 2018) .
used for seasoning and preparation of food. By considering the quality standards mentioned
It is recommended that these foods marketed in above, this study will not establish quality standards for
street markets have a sanitary safety standard food; that is, the vegetables analyzed, since, according to a study by
these foods must be free of biological, physical or Locatelli (2009), the factor that predominates in the
chemical contaminants that compromise the health of the evaluation of product quality is subjective, that is, it is up
population. to the consumer. A study performed by Wandel and
Vegetables and other perishable products with Bugge (2002) in Europehas verified the most important
peculiar characteristics are specifically regulated by the properties in the evaluation of the quality of fruits and
General Coordination of Plant Quality - CGQV, a sector vegetables and it was verified that the attribute of great
of the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply, value were those ones of taste and freshness.
created in order to define the minimum requirements of Thus, it is recommended that hygienic and
identity and quality of these organic products and allow sanitary actions and measures should be continuously