Thesis

IMPACT OF VIDEO TUTORIALS IN INCREASING THE
LEARNING TRENDS ON UNIVERSITY STUDENTS OF

LAHORE (PAKISTAN)
Umme Habiba
Roll No.
F16-PHMC-002
LAHORE GARRISON UNIVERSITY
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IMPACT OF VIDEO TUTORIALS IN INCREASING THE
LEARNING TRENDS ON UNIVERSITY STUDENTS OF
LAHORE (PAKISTAN)
Umme Habiba
Roll No.
F16-PHMC-002
Submitted in partial Fulfillment of the requirement for the

Master of Philosophy degree in discipline of Mass Communication
at the Faculty of Social Sciences
Lahore Garrison University
Supervisor: Ms. Javeria Nazeer

Assistant Professor
Department Of Mass Communication
January, 2019
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Advisor Statement
I Asssistant Prof. Javeria Nazeer of Lahore Garrison University, research supervisor of M.Phil student
Ms. Habiba, D/o Jafir Ali hereby solemnly declare that the Thesis entitled Impact of Video Tutorials in
increasing the learning trends on university students of Lahore is being submitted as partial -fulfillment
of MPhil degree in the discipline of Mass Communication has been completed under my guidance and
supervision and is an original work of the student except where otherwise acknowledged in the text. It
has not been submitted or published earlier for obtaining any degree from this or any other University or
institution. The thesis is completed in all respects and I am fully satisfied with the quality of student’s
research work. Now it is ready to be evaluated by external evaluator.
Date:_________________ Signature:
Name: Ms. Javeria Nazeer
Address:
DHA Phase 6 sector C Telephone:
Email:
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Approval Sheet
Umme Habiba
Accepted by the Faculty of Social Science “Lahore Garrison University” in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the Master of Philosophy Degree in the Discipline of Mass Communication.
Viva Committee
_________________
Chairperson/Director
Member 1: _________________________
Member 2: _____________________________
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
“Alhamdulillah for every blessing Allah has given me hidden & apparent and for everything Allah
protected me from, whether I know or don’t.”
I thank to Allah Almighty for giving me courage and power to complete this research in a
successful way. I would like to thank my great supervisor, Ms Javeria Nazeer, for all her enduring,
patient guidance, encouragements and pearl advice which she has provided me throughout my time as
her student. I have been extremely lucky to have such a cooperative supervisor. She cared about my
work as well as respond to my questions and queries on time. I would also like to thank all the
respondents of this research. In particular I would also like to thank Mrs Aiman for her suggestion she
made in references of my second last chapter of thesis. I must express my gratitude to my buddy and
rock star Rubaas Qaiser, for his also support, appreciations and suggestions during the accomplishment
of my thesis. I was continually amazed by the patience of my mother, father and brother who were with
me entire ups and down of my research. This study has only been completed due to my supervisor
cooperation. Without her I was not able to do this research. I am grateful thankful to every individual
who helped me in conducting the research.
Umme Habiba
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ABSTRACT
Video tutorials have a wide history of learning. Even though it is a Psychology, Science, Arts or related
to any extracurricular activates. Due to these Video tutorial learning has become a method of creating
something new or as it is without expenditure. Students can also learn through facilitating problem
solving or without going anywhere. Its generate affection towards their learning easily. Tutorials of
videos give different directions, patterns and ways on single topics with a multiple techniques to provide
knowledge on same topics. The main aim of video tutorial is to helped students in creating easiness and
flexibility in knowledge. This is a new dimension of learning trends. It increases the interest of
knowing. Now everyone instead of student try to defeat their problems with the help of video tutorials.
It is not costly, easy to reach, go through with the problem with easiness of time, search out all stuff
according to the time and play and stop review the content involve in it. For conduct this research
population will be Lahore city in Pakistan, Sample is two Universities of Lahore and sample size is
507(males and females) students of different universities.
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DEDICATION
I dedicated this thesis to my three amazing persons in my life. The first Rubaas Qaiser who is not only
helped me to smile and keep motivated me. He supported me through this Competitive process along the
way. My world you are my rock star, best friend, Confidence and always become supportive. You
always energize me when I have felt to giving up. I dedicated this also to my wonderful father Jaffar Ali
who instilled in me their sense of work aspiration, dedication too and passion for learning. My parents
thought me learn from each new experience in life. I am very appreciative that you have supported my
academic interest and encouraged me to succeed related to this fruitful topic. At the end, I would like to
give a many thanks my wonder women my lovely Mother Khalida Parveen. I dedicate this thesis to her
resolute support, compassion, love and understanding during mostly in difficult times. So, thanks to my
all three heroes of life.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Table of Contents
Acknowledgement .......................................................................................................................................6
Abstract ....................................................................................................................................................7
Dedication.............................................................................................................................................8
Table of Contents .......................................................................................................................................9
List of Table ...........................................................................................................................................10
Appendices ...........................................................................................................................................6
LIST OF TABLES
INTRODUCTION …………………………………………………………………..........................15
1.1: Statement of Problem……………………………………………………………………………….19
1.2: Research Objectives…………………………………………………………………………………20
1:3: Research Questions………………………………………………………………………………….21
1.4: Hypothesis…………………………………………………………………………………………..21
1.5: Significance…………………………………………………………………………………………21
1.6: Rational of study…………………………………………………………………………………….22
CHAPTER ……………………………………………………………………………………………...26
Literature Review
2.1: Video Tutorials and its usage………………………………………………………………………28
2.2: Accelerate the Feedback……………………………………………………………………………28
2.3:: Abilities……………………………………………………………………………………………28
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2.4: Speeding up learning and learning influence……………………………………………………..29
2.5: Playing Fruitful role in increasing modern learning trends………………………………………29
2.6: Theoretical Framework and its uses and gratification……………………………………………...34
2.7: Hypothesis……………………………………………………………………………………….36
CHAPTER 3
Methodology……………………………………………………………………………………………..37
3.1: Research Design…………………………………………………………………………………….38
3.2: Survey……………………………………………………………………………………………….38
3.2.1: Collection of Survey Data…………………………………………………………………………39
3.3: Population…………………………………………………………………………………………...40
3.4: Sampling…………………………………………………………………………………………….41
3.4.1: Sample Size……………………………………………………………………………………….42
3.4.2: Sampling Techniques……………………………………………………………………………..42
3.4.3: Sample Selection of Area………………………………………………………………………..42
3.5: Instrument of study…………………………………………………………………………………42
3.6: Variable of the study………………………………………………………………………………42
3.6.1: Exposure/ Knowledge…………………………………………………………………………….43
3.6.2: Attitude……………………………………………………………………………………………43
3.6.3: Behavior………………………………………………………………………………………...…44
3.6.4:: Demographical Variable………………………………………………………………………….44
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3.7: Conceptualization of Key Concept…………………………………………………………………45
3.7.1: impact……………………………………………………………………………………………..45
3.7.2: Video Tutorials……………………………………………………………………………………45
3.7.3: Learning Trends…………………………………………………………………………………..45
3.7.4: Modern Learning Trends………………………………………………………………………….46
3.7.5: Behavior…………………………………………………………………………………………..46
3.7.6: University Students……………………………………………………………………………….46
3.8: Operational Definition of Key Concepts……………………………………………………………46
3.8.1: Impact…………………………………………………………………………..…………………46
3.8.2: Video Tutorials…………………………………………………………………………………....46
3.8.3: Increasing learning trends…………………………………………………………………………46
3.8.4: University students………………………………………………………………………………..46
3.9: Data Collection……………………………………………………………………………………...47
3.9.1: Tool of Data Collection…………………………………………………………...………………47
3.9.2: Gathering Data and Field Experience……………………………………………………………..47
3.9.3: Pilot Study………………………………………………………………………………………..47
3.9.4: Validity and Reliability……………………………………………………………………………47
3.10: Data Processing…………………………………………………………………………………….48
3.11: Computer Application……………………………………………………………………………...48
3.12: Statistical Used…………………………………………………………………………………….48
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3.13: Application of Statistical Test…………………………………………………………………..48
TEST
BIVARIATE ANALYSIS……………………………………………………………………………48
3.14: Procedure for Testing …………………………………………………………………………..48
HYPOTHESIS………………………………………………………………………………………….49
CHAPTER 4
Data Analysis……………………………………………………………………………………………50
Data Analysis and interpretation…………………………………………………………………………52
4.1-4.22: Research Questions 1………………………………………………………………………….52
CHAPTER 5
Discussion Analysis……………………………………………………………………………………..64
5.1: The Result of research………………………………………………………………………………68
5.1.1 RESEARCH
QUESTIONS……………………………………………………………………………………………68
5.2 Conclusion and Recommendation..…………………………………………………………………69
References……………………………………………………………………………………………….72
Appendices………………………………………………………………………………………………75
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LIST OF TABLES
Table Title
Table 4.1.1: Frequency table of gender……………………………….………………….….52
Table 4.1.2: Frequency table for gender and users of video tutorials ……………………….53
Table 4.1.3: Frequency table of video tutorials types towards their users...…………………54
Table 4.1.4: Frequency table for gender towards their age…………………………………55
Table 4.1.5: Frequency table of users towards the video tutorials ………………………….56
Table 4.1.6: Frequency table of familiarity of video tutorials with the new concepts of modern
learning………………………………………………………………………………………..57
Table 4.1.7: Usage of Video Tutorials is more effective learning trends then older
once…………………………………………………………………………………………....58
Table 4.1.8: Relationship among Video tutorials and its users……………………………….58
Table 4.1.9: Impact of Video tutorials ..............................................................................…...69
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Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
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Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
to any extracurricular activates. Due to modern learning aspects and techniques it has become a method
of creating something new or as it is without expenditure. Students can also learn through facilitating
problem solving or without going anywhere. In 2010, 18 to 33 years old people watched and gratifying
their needs from video tutorials on regular basis (Zickuhr,2010).
Its generate affection towards their learning easily. Tutorials of videos give different directions,
patterns and ways on single topics with a multiple techniques to provide knowledge on same topics. The
main aim of video tutorial is to helped students in creating easiness and flexibility in knowledge. This is
a new dimension of learning trends. It increases the interest of knowing.
Now everyone instead of student try to defeat their problems with the help of video tutorials. It is
not costly, easy to reach, go through with the problem with easiness of time, search out all stuff
according to the time and play and stop review the content involve in it. Video tutorials are
informational programs that provide systematic information and clear the concepts or learning units. It
has ability to solve it in reliable learning techniques.
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Creative or learning based tutorials use attractive methods such as motives, audio and visual
presentation of then learning subject matter, and gives feedback through question-answer exercises.
(Business, Dictionary). Under the accordance of Trice and Wilmes (2011), successes depend on many
teachers’ skill which always enhances the learning knowledge, skills and many more. Too often
instructors based on various teaching practices and took help from videos. 87% learned from video clips
related to class materials (Nicholas, 2008). The many of others study also concluded that it did not
improved cognitive motivation to help increase students ability at public speaking and reduced stress
levels but student always felt valuable learning tool(Dupane,Stacks&Giroux,2006). Digital videos
always help to instructors to present, moving pictures to the lesson at hand. The quality to slow down
and speed up the video allows instructors to highlight elements of the lesson that would difficult
otherwise (Girod, Bell, & Mishra, 2007). A study in Poland on third and fourth year chemistry students
found that interactive video for a chemistry experiment had increased their understanding and
performance of the experiment (Burewicz, &Miranowicz, 2006).Instructors to highlight elements of the
lesson that would be difficult (Girod,Bell,&Mishra,2007) .
Such as motives, audio and visual presentation of then learning subject matter, and gives feedback
through question-answer exercises. They can also refresh their concepts by tally from this information
provided in it. It is make creativity to learn new once into a large extent easier than printed material or
online help pages. We will utilize this effect by producing a quantity of videos representative the basics
of Wikipedia editing and increasing the public understanding of Wikipedia and Wikimedia. According
to students who prefer video tutorials, it gives them extra sources to understand the objectives of subject
held in a class (Young,2008).
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Now a day is informative videos can be carried out anywhere with the help of laptops, DVDs or
through internet, as well as on mobile phones etc. Homemakers and mothers of young children can learn
many new things related to their children diet, new concepts, home decorations, arranging new things in
home in fewer budgets with effective techniques etc. It helps to save money on transportation costs and
time as well. It also access lessons from instructors who are specialists in their fields, but otherwise
inaccessible to students due to distance for example professors in foreign countries.
These learning techniques involves different multidimensional experience which combine various
on-screen slides, photographs, graphics, screenshots, narration, captions, live video and music in it. The
tools that are utilizing in a video tutorial are more focusing on retaining information of modern once.
In view of the “video tutorials has more impact on learning” the researcher has experimental video
tutorials has more impact on Pakistan youth. In the new vision of new search for literature regarding the
present study, the researcher becomes familiar from some theses.
“Video tutorials become more effective and reliable rather than instructors on the behalf of some
elements which are always give relaxation, attraction towards learning. If learning becomes attractive
towards learner then invention and mind mapping for new trends become easy and joy able.
Using the video tutorials students can select the time of their own study according to their flexibility and
choice. The students can select any specialist of the subject related to their topics and create easiness or
relieve difficulties. A way gaining knowledge gradually called tutorials through videos and pictures. It is
learning process.
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Many people have various perspectives related to it that, it is more interactive, interested than a book
rather than sitting consistent for any type of lecture by fixing on a same place for a single lecture. It has
many examples and gives the information to complete a certain task in reliable manner (Tucson & AZ,
2007). Learning is process from which person learn from many experiences and observation
(Kolb,1984). Millennial prefer learning with working in groups and they are doing in a reliable manners.
Teachers can also use technology to change the interaction as well as the processing of information to
improve the educational experience.
Due to internet modern learning computer based tutorials can come in various forms like screen
recording , in written document (either online or downloadable), interactive and audio files tutorial,
where person can get and give step by step instructions on how to do something in easiest ways.
Tutorial includes uniqueness due to which they prefer mostly for different online learning. It’s have
a skill of View of presentation, which are usually explaining and showing the interface of user.
The procedure of exhibition shows how beneficial or process completed through this process. It has
often distributed various sections on different steps. Method of review always reinforces the content in
videos in the related module tutorials.
Technology is rapidly growing in Pakistan. Usage of new media becomes a compulsory part of any
education. The new gadgets are highly popular and common in youth.
However, it shows that youth generally make use of video tutorials intended for general learning
towards new learning trend; making, learn or giving lectures based tutorials for its users for learn things
in easiest ways.
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Video tutorials mainly utilizes direct access to learn and information, photographs and live streaming
tutorial site, conversation forum, and interaction with individuals to deliver effective ways of learning in
simple directions.
The study involves additional results, which show the difference between instructor and video
tutorials as well as its extensively used learning techniques. Video tutorials for creative work prefer but
instructor is more prefer for study based techniques rather than video tutorials (Sandra’s., Lents, Nathan
& He, Ye ( 2012) .
1.1: Statement of problem:
The research investigates the utilization of video tutorials by youth of Pakistan in different pattern.
The study consumptions found out the way users interact more with tutorials rather than books and
instructor. Moreover, the research examined this medium of modern learning is more preferable and
popular among them.
Due to many reasons like consumptions needs, study base or technical learning, creative learning,
information based learning, Interaction based learning, and betterment in various aspectual learning so
on. Which use today for creating easiness of learning and admirations their users towards these graphical
learning.
Despite the encouraging rise of social media and internet users, online studies are going to be more
popular according to their relaxing time. Most of users admire these because it is easy access and
available multi videos on single topics.
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Video Tutorials makes learning easy and as well as enjoyable with much creativity. It converts
learning to modern once while also have options to rewind, pause, repeat etc. The time, quality and
assessments of every single topic participated in learning to change it in to modern once.
The focus of the study is to find out the learning aspects and variations in it due to modern gadgets
and latest techniques adopted by many students for their better learning. It can be analyze by usage of
these with the help of Uses and Gratification survey.
1.2: Research Objectives
The role of video tutorials in increasing the modern learning trends among Pakistani youth. It analyses
whether there’s any facts that the video tutorials has more influence making Pakistani youth active
towards leaning and inspire them from new techniques. As well as in, viewing that how much part these
video tutorials plays in increasing modern learning trends.
Following are the objectives of the research:
o To which extend the impact of video tutorial on Pakistani youth.
o To explore effectiveness of video tutorials and it is imparting creative influences among youth
of Pakistan.
o To know that to what extends the Pakistani youth now a day has watch video tutorials.
o To analyze modern learning trends on Pakistani youth in using different video tutorials.
The Role of video tutorials in increasing the learning trends among Pakistani youth. The value of video
tutorials are always plays a crucial role in communicating effectively in increasing the learning trends.
Only a few people know its importance. A Video tutorial has more impact than the live practicing to
learn something.
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1.3: Research Questions
RQ1: To which extent video tutorials has an impact on Pakistani youth?
RQ2: To which extent video tutorials are imparting creative influence on youth?
RQ3: To what extent the Pakistani youth watch video tutorials?
1.4: Hypotheses
The hypothesis design for the present research by the researcher is the followings;.
H1: Usage of Video tutorial is more effective learning trend than older once.
H2: Usage of video tutorials is positively associated with modern learning trends.
1.5: Significance of the Study:
This study helps to academic researcher to conduct their research on this new or modern learning and
learning trends. The focus of the empirical study is providing the new dimensions of learning
perception. It is also serves and enhances the creativity building with the help of modern gadget cal and
graphical techniques. It also helps for further studies of necessary area of educational research. The
study investigates the influence on learning patterns and new variation aspects take steps in it. The study
investigates the influence of advertisements on user’s behavior and attitude formation. The usage of
internet is common now days and its benefits are wide as its importance and 80% use video tutorials or online
videos, 74% believe on technology that makes their life easier (Keeter&Taylor, 2010).
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1.6: Rational of the Study:
The significance of the study revolves around the modern gratitude and new pattern of the learning. It
turns of amends the covers of real aspects of the learning trends. These are gradually fall in moderns
once according to the new and modern technology. As the technology took step faster as faster towards
the development, learning also became more moderated and faster as well as creative once.
The present study is an attempt to outline the role of video tutorials in increasing the learning trends
among Pakistani youth. It analyses whether there’s any evidence that the video tutorials has more impact
on making Pakistani youth active towards leaning and inspire them from new techniques.
The researcher is interested to observe the role of video tutorials in increasing the learning trends among
Pakistani youth. The value of video tutorials are always plays a crucial role in communicating
effectively in increasing the learning trends. Only a few people know its importance. A Video tutorial
has more impact than the live practicing to learn something. This thesis aims to study the learning
patterns and the changing occurs in it. The new change in the study occurs due to the advancement of
technology. It investigates the users’ behavior and the usage of these by youth.
The main investigation is the impact of video tutorials in increasing the modern learning trends among
Pakistani youth. The usage of different video tutorials to learn various things in different dimensions
with the audio and graphical representation without the specific time identified and compiles the
learning trends in a conceptual framework. Moreover, corresponding research hypotheses were
developed. Therefore, users conducted to validate the framework of survey among video tutorials.
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The result of the empirical research was supposed to provide the conversion of learning in new
techniques by using different modes and medium of study but specifically video tutorials. The modern
learning participation in pre-existing once may serve as a guideline for academic researcher as well as a
basis for further studies in this important area of research.
The main objective of this study was to highlight the usage and the impact of various video tutorials on
the users. The researcher wanted to study if there is any kind of impact of tutorials on its users and if the
answers or feedback is “yes”, then what extent these are participated to create the learning in modern
once as well as its positively associated with modern learning or not under the different factors. In the
term of following factors
1. Knowledge
2. Attitude
3. Behavior
The essential aim of this research is to study the impact of video tutorials on learning or its positive
association with modern learning trends of University students. Various video tutorials like technology
base, scientific, subject base, creativity base, home base etc accepted as a tool of modern learning, which
enhance the capability of picking learning elements faster due to its technological base graphical
attractive presentation. In Pakistan universities, students and young people as well as middle age people
are getting more learning exposure and positively affected by these learning trends through video
tutorials and information all over the world. After the Wi-Fi and 3G revolution in Pakistan university
students and young people as well as middle age people are getting more and more exposed and affected
by social media advertisements.
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Therefore, this research tried to identified whether video tutorials has greater impact on its users learning
especially young generation. For this purpose, University of Lahore city has been selected, Kinnaird
College for Women University, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore Garrison University,
University of the Punjab , University of management sciences, Government College University, Forman
Christian College, The University of Engineering and Technology, LUMS University were selected
from all over the Lahore city.
1.7: Rational for the selecting video tutorials:
Video tutorial is a form of learning through some sort of videos with the help of graphical and audio
representation used in it. It is like a conscious effort to deliver the learning message towards its users. In
it, tries to use less complications as well as a person can use it whenever they want. According to time
management, less source of availing knowledge on a spot from someone it is better to use these medium
of learning. Its depend on a consumers gratifications that what type of knowledge they want for example
they want scientific, creative, subject base etc.
If someone wants to learn about something in a better way, when a person can see what he is trying to
completed, laid out in front of anyone, then video tutorials are definitely able to help that person in
reliable manners. For pretty much to do anything a person want to do he or she can find a video tutorials
online that will give audio visual experience to help step by step formation of it. Whether is someone
wants to learn how to make something, to solve anything, or to use your leisure type in creating new
things and solve various class or art problems, they can easily find videos that give you visual learning
experiences.
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The main objective of video tutorial is to give great visuals for its users or learners as well
1. Video tutorials is an independent learning and associable anywhere or any time which is
attention, interest of its users
2. Video tutorials provide face to face learning and give independent skills atmosphere to its users.
3. The ability to skip and stop, easy to find, short and to the point elements makes video tutorials
more attractive. Therefore, due to exposure of modern ways learning it’s positively participated
in learning patterns.
4. Video tutorials are new learning way with the help of usage modern techniques and technology
as well as this is a much cheaper alternating to take a books etc.
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Chapter 2
Literature Review
26
Chapter 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
Literature review is the prominent and important part of any research-based studies because it is always
help the researcher to dig out the information based on reliability. It is always inform to other researcher
for their earlier research steps. It saves the times as well as funds and energy of a researcher. A literature
review based on pre-existing study materials, which were already done by other researcher. It is includes
various mediums like print (magazines, books,) internet and from other sorts of information. Any study
cannot accomplish in a proper manner without reviewing the pre research.
To evaluate the impact of video tutorials in increasing the modern learning trends of Pakistan students of
Lahore was the main point of the study. Literature review reveals that video tutorials positively
associated with modern learning. It is participating in new leaning trends and increasing the learning
efficiency among youth compare to the books etc. Due to the attractive graphical representation,
learning skills become more enhance. Due to these video tutorials is one of the main concerns among
researcher all over the world because learning is an essential part of our life. The study impact of video
tutorials on the learning behavior and association with learning of university students, media theories
and finding from media studies used as a consulted. In the search for literature regarding the present
study the researcher found some theses, articles, paragraphs, news reports and essays found. Some
important are highlighted below.
27
2.1: Video Tutorials and its usage
This effective research based study covered all inspirational draws from nexus of some lines in it, which
includes various aspects in it. These are effectiveness, uses, gratification aspects, and conceptual
framing in the flow. (Dempsey, 2005)Video tutorials are more effective and reliable rather than
instructors on the behalf of some elements, which are always, give relaxation, attraction towards
learning. If learning becomes attractive towards learner then invention and mind mapping for new trends
become easy and joy able. Bull and Bell (2010) stated in their recent book on Teaching with Digital
Video, that instructors always needs to generate videos and these videos always have positive effects for
students.
2.2: Accelerate the Feedback:
Instructor feedback appears involving superior intensive feedback during proficiency laparoscopic
simulator training. These types of video-based tutorials accelerate the feedback and learning as well. It
improves resources usage by minimizing the instructor needs involvement (Tucson &AZ , 2007).
2:3: Ability to skip, pause and rewind unnecessary portions
By using the video tutorials students can select the time of their own study according to their flexibility
and choice users can come to a decision how to a large extent time spend and given towards special
topics and create easiness or relieve difficulties. They can analysis the tutorial objects any times with
their comfort.
In anticipation of understanding points, it can be easily skipping the tutorial. If they feel comfortable
with the usage of learning points by first one then it can be skip easily and go for next one. Thus, video
tutorials are student flexibility choices controlled, need-based, sand task leaning learning aids. Instructor
28
feedback shows that it be good to intense feedback while taking it, its proof simulator training (
Sandra,S., Lents, Nathan &He,Ye ; 2012) .
2:4: Speeding up learning and learning influence
Video tutorials always speed up learning. It has various type of feedback at a spot. Which may through
tutorials and it is improve resource utilization through suggestions, various categories of it minimizing
the needs for the instructor or Involvement in learning needs or different creative playing educational
instrument but those are necessary for utilizing time.
It always becomes a user’s relaxation and saving pocket money sources for them. It is strongest learning
and giving various adornments conveying knowledge towards other by sitting at a single place while
paying for fix time, comparative to hire any tutor or instructor on a specific time, which is required on
an urgent basis to beat up the strongest problematic time. Now many of other seems to be like a gently
spoken words, which are rewind able, play etc and so on other benefits having it which are not having
any other once without irritation or problem once. (Dimitrios .,Stefanidis).
2:5: Playing fruitful role in increasing the modern learning trends
It is playing a fruitful role in increasing modern learning trends in educational field. It has enhanced
widely, even it takes a major change. Under the wide observation, these are used supplements in
learning skills even in various an analytical undergraduates’ course of subjects. The students and other
learners faced many problems in which concepts they are able to identify and compare to it through
tutorials instruction from videos. These are utilizing from acquirable, identified and assessing student’s
assignments and examinations responses. The main purpose of the tutorial is the specific knowledge
29
point which instructor designs it. The specific software is use to upload the lessons Web site gateway
(Black Board). 42% believe videos directly increase student achievement (A.D. Greenberg, et al., 2012).
To resolve the make use of and its efficiency of different tutorial pre or post-video tutoring exam
performance, verbal and written feedback, counts a lot and data from pre-existing once taught by any
time anywhere from the same instructor available and were examine. The results symbolizes and
indicating that online video tutorials are a precious gift from new technology. It is valuable, cost
effective, flexible tool to improve students and helps them in problem solving(Yi he, Sandra Swenson,
and Nathan Lents;July 12,2012)Videos mostly used now days to seeking new technological information
through various kinds of tutorials, which obtained from many resources these are online learning.
This piece describes an empirical and presents research study of how videos production in many kinds
of decisions is affecting student meeting in online educational and creative videos.
These are becoming engaging elements among students and learning in different ways. Near to our
knowledge and distribution on higher scale, the huge and large scale of study about video tutorials
towards the data and the utilization of this data from 6.9 million videos watching sessions across in four
courses on the online tutorial based learning Platform.
Researcher counts the appointment, how extended students are involved in watching videos as well
as, succeeded in replying as answer towards the Post-Video assessment problems by grapping the
learning help from video tutorials.
30
The crux and the Main core, which called findings, are beneficially prove through the specific research.
Those shorter videos are much more attractive due to the associability and times consuming which
demander have. On the spot to avail with engaging with various videos, that are majority informal
talking-head videos.
Even making in these entire tutorials far above the ground quality pre recorded class rooms are not
required. Class lectures are not too much appealing many times online where as videos and individuals
according to their choice and perspective they engage differently with lecture and gain knowledge
accurately and not related to their mind but through tutorial videos, they can settle and gain lectures
according to their choice, availability and perception as well.
Research based on quantative method and proofs through insights interviews with various staff
members, who were involved in it, the results generated and developed a group of recommendations. It
based on to help video producers to proof a better benefit with the help of online video format. These
have many reasons behind all of these, which have major elements including freshness, relaxation of
mind, easiness and compatible elements in all these give the best feedback of learning among various
kinds of learning minds.
By combining the a lot of other characteristics like informative nature, interactivity of online and
other video tutorials, screen cast recognized as an effective and beneficial. It always provides many
useful instructions in engaging manners. The visuals manners of video tutorials make the learning highly
appropriate in art of various research patterns. These manners reached towards learners to edification.
The availabilities and the qualities of video tutorials are now serving arts students among 290 academic
libraries and 48 percent of institutions including instructional and videos on their websites.
31
Increased tutorials development on diverse and modern learning techniques and topics using varied
recording methods based on its results as well.(Philip J. Guo ,JuhoKimRob ,.Rubin ).Instructor’s
feedback appears to be superior in availing feedback while simulators training. Feedback of this type
may increase acceleration of learning and improve the resources of use of all of these as well. Modern
learning technique, circulated around the adaptation of non-uniformity. It revolved the circumstances of
minimizing the need of instructor’s involvement as well.( DimitriosStefanidis., February 2007 ).Online
video tutorials vary their designs of many instructional sides, which targets audience, navigations and
designs of many instructional depth and accountability of users (Holiday, Fagerheim, Ericksen, Shrode
and Morrison , 2006)Resources stretched thin, mostly libraries turned in to computer assist instructions
is a way to increasing instructions demands.
Nick and Silver (2006) stated that, “Online video tutorial seems like clear solutions to convene the
rising needs for user’s instructions within a time when possessions are shrinking”
Video tutorial fluctuate their own informative, instructional drawing and always target audience; its
direction finding and design differ from one to another on the instructional basis depth of instructional
user accountability (Holiday, Ericksen, Fagerheim, Morrison &Shrode, 2006). Many of libraries turned
into computer assisttraining are a way to meet many more instructional demands. According to Nickel
&Silver (2006) “Online learning tutorials seem like an obvious solutions to meet the growing need for
instruction and information’s to users in a time of resources become moreshrinking) (pp.389).
32
Most of a few studies examined effectiveness of computer assisted instruction by using it, Under the
observational learning outcomes and self effectiveness levels between more than one traditional
instructional class rooms as well as online learning modules are included in it(Beile&Boote,
2004;Reece, 2005; Holman, 2000; Silver & Nickel,2005).
According to Boote & Beile (2004), “Instructions of library mostly delivered through Web based
tutorial which helps students as an effective face to face Instructional communicate, thus it seems to
fulfill the needs of students in reliable and active manners”(pp.67).Nickel &Silver (2005) point out the
major identity belief levels rose positively among students using online instructions. That more students
chosen online education rather than to took the classrooms options for learning. As a modern
technology, students resolved their problems by selecting the increasing flexibility of online learning
tutorials (Holman 2000). Under the Holman suggestions, “Libraries also want to use the tutorial
approach up to for enormous general overview of resources and then focus on a subject or field. Its can
describe the specific set of resources for each particular class” (pp.59).
Further, more about learning result and comfortable addressed by more in profundity related to video
tutorials, the highlighted question related to video tutorials fundability and helpfulness. In other words,
if a person put up an effective or informational video tutorial, will students not only find them but also
as per they need. It will learn skills and transfer it or not and transfer detailed skill to the task hand? As
noted by Oud and Bury (2005) many studies address the usage of e library websites but they also
acknowledge,” Their value was limited cause of difference in context” (pp.58).
33
2:6: Theoretical Framework
Theoretical perspective in literature theoretical frameworks suggests and gives linear perspective
towards the researcher addresses and also allows to the qualitative researcher to accumulates the
evidences on the way to guide their explanation of the content (Bernnan, 2013). The importance of
theory in research is always vital to support to study or research. Its explained by Kaye (2000) “A good
theory helps to forecast what will happen in the future as well as by the given practical approaching into
how the phenomenon being studied works”. ( Cited in Zia, 2007).
Under the historical perspective of research about video tutorial learning, many more literature many
researcher exposed lean to evaluated to examine the phenomena technique as of one or different handful
communication related perspective. Among many theories in media world affects differently, which
promotes and convey many other ideas that people vulnerable or users of these modern learning trends
in various ways. This helps them in conveying and conceiving their learning level high by utilizing their
pre existing skills. Such as creative learning, educational learning, Housewives need base learning,
technical and subject base learning etc. Users use these according to their need and time. Perspective
regarding usage of various video tutorials causes enhancement of video tutorials in modern once.
34
Following research caters the conceptual framework to the current research.
Uses and Gratification Theory:
Katz, Blumler, and Gurevitch stated that this theory approach was focused on the psychologically and
social desires of any individual who want to satisfy their specific needs. These are always causing to
generate expectations towards the mass media or other sources. (McQuail, 2005) summarizing the
concept of this theory said, choice of the medium of media and its content is cogent. Users are more
prefer video tutorials and select the content based on various videos due to its uses and gratification. If
someone have not time to go different learning centers and towards any instructor or experts then he/she
can easily browse any video tutorial by sitting in their homes and save money and time. They can watch
this video many times if in one time he/she cannot get. So, users pick the content of video tutorial
according to their need to gratify it for example a student select related to study, house wives choose it
according to its as well as girls going towards related to their choices. Generally, there are three goals
involve in developing uses and its gratifications concept as well: To examine how individual can
consume a range of types of video tutorials near fulfill their need. “What to do people do with video
tutorial”
1. To explore the major causes why people make use of video tutorials in their daily routine
2. To establish the efficacy of video tutorials consumption by persons
According to many of the best theorists, there are four general kinds of satisfactions:
Information and people use video tutorials in order to know in relation to the new technique,
which is easy to use. Communication and people relation as well as Incorporation and public
utilize all of these to get recognizable from new learning trends.
35
3. Leisure- people construct use of video tutorials used for saving time, money, and enjoyment or
to pass their time in a good way and earn money.
2:7: Hypotheses
H1: Usage of Video tutorial is more effectively link with instructor.
H3: Usage of video tutorials is more effective then book or print content.
36
CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
37
Methodology
The present research proposes to investigate the influence related to video tutorials use on modern
learning techniques. This study will use a survey method. Fore mostly focus groups would conducted
with youth, students of different age and gender. Then derive themes the indicators for developing.
3.1: Research Design
Keeping in view the demand, need of the present study, researcher adopted the method to explore and
examine that to what extent video tutorial used, as well as to determine the impact of video tutorials on
learning and creating it to modern once of university students of Pakistan.
3.2: Survey
In this research researcher used survey to gather the quantitative data from a large mixed population.
The survey is most important and highlighted point to reach on the accurate result and findings. This
always helps to researcher to do research in a better. The researcher collected data through Survey
directly from different universities students of Lahore Pakistan that are using video tutorials on daily
basis for gratifying their needs.
The impact of video tutorials in increasing the learning trends sorted out through the quantitative scale.
The research conducted during October 2017 to December 2018 and the data gather in September 2018
to November 2018.Questionnaire/measuring tool would be drawn that will be used as a method in
survey to be filled by the students.
38
3.2.1: Collection of Survey Data:
Design of questionnaire is always depend on the Collection of data. Researcher used Close ended
questionnaires in this research. Different parts help to better and accurate formation of this questionnaire
process. These are
1. Introduction part
2. Usage and association of respondents
3. Sequence and Formation of questionnaire
4. Page setting and objectivity of questionnaire
Many researchers shared their descriptions related to questionnaire formation, According to the
(Hursh&Backstrom;1986) questionnaire depend on various topics:
1. Objectivity in introduction
2. Reality base words
3. Avoid confusing variable in formation
4. Avoid jargons
5. Use serious elements
6. Usage of un biased questionnaire
7. Solid but pleasant selection of words
39
3.3: Population
Due to the average and low budget and limitation in time only few universities (Kinnaird College for
Women University, Lahore Garrison University, Government College University, Punjab University,
University of Management and Technology, University of Lahore, University of Engineering and
Technology, LUMS, Forman Christian College) of Lahore city were covered selected for data collection
under the specific topic of modern learning. According to the Wimmer& Dominick (1993) population
define as “A class or a group of various subjects, concept of phenomena and variables.” The sum
population of the research study comprises of all selected universities students aged 18-32 years, who
are the users of video tutorials for sake of learning in Lahore Pakistan. It was use to make the research
more valuable and realistic. To approach the total population researcher used sampling techniques.
40
3.4: Sampling
Sampling is a representative of entire population. “It is a sub set of population. (Wimmer&
Dominick,1993)”
Sampling always helps to researcher to find the accurate and faster data collection. Through this, a
researcher can collect data from a large population. It is not possible to conduct a survey in population
better way. Even though simple survey easily done with accuracy due to this technique. The researcher
use simple random sampling technique for collection of data. In this research above, mention
universities use as sample of the study. The justification behind the selection of these universities is the
variety of studying in it. The researcher was able to find out impact of video tutorials in increasing the
learning trends due to these universities students who (male and female included youth and middle aged)
participated in survey.
3.4.1: Sample Size
In this study, the sample size based on 507 respondents from Lahore Garrison University, Kinnaird
College for Women University, Lahore College for Women University, Government College University,
Punjab University, University of Management and Technology, University of Lahore, Virtual
University, University of Engineering and Technology , Forman Christian College and LUMS.
41
3.4.2: Sampling Techniques
Random Sampling technique was use in this research. Researcher used this technique under the
division of various sample into different strata’s for example gender and age group. Due to this
technique respondents selected randomly in a large selected population.
3.4.3: Sample Selection of the Areas
Researcher selected various universities, which involved (Lahore Garrison university, Kinnaird
College University, Government College University, Punjab University, University of Management and
technology, University of Engineering and Technology, Forman Christian College, Virtual University,
LUMS, University of Lahore, Lahore College For Women University etc . The reason at the back of
chosen these university were the cooperation and professionalism from all type of classes, groups, age
and gender.
3.5: Instrument of study
Questionnaires are the essential instrument. This questionnaire will designed keeping in view: U & G
theory. These questionnaire constructed close ended under the consideration of demand and need of the
problem statement.
42
3.6: Variable of the study
Video tutorial is independent variable, where as learning trends of Pakistan youth consider as
dependent variables. This study base on KAP survey model and the statements are use as items to access
the variables are:
3.6.1: Exposure/ knowledge
1. Exposure to video tutorials
2. Exposure to learning trend
3. Exposure to increasing the modern learning
3.6.2: Attitude
1. Usage of Video Tutorial
2. Attraction towards Video tutorial
3. Reason for usage
4. Perspective of learning
5. Share Feedback after usage
6. Relying on accurate and speedy information
7. Time saving and Faster Communication
8. Modern technological information
9. Graphical audio and video information
10. Access of information with the facility of ( Pause, Rewind etc)
43
3.6.3: Behavior
1. Exposure of modern learning
2. Exposure to do E-Learning
3. Gratifying the learning needs after selection of informative video tutorial
4. Variation of Educational, Creative, Home based etc learning video tutorials
5. Feel encourage and confident opinion
6. Inspiring attractive varieties of video tutorials having great audio and video graphical
representation
3.6.4: Demographical Variable
Researcher used various demographical variables for this research. These variables are
1. Gender
2. Age
44
3.7: Conceptualization of the key Concept:
3.7.1: Impact:
Impact covers huge meaning. It is an impression, gesture reaction etc that generated by something.
3.7.2: Video Tutorials:
It is a great source of visual learning for its learners. Its generated information on quick basis and
always access toward training and includes training through small gadgets like mobile phones. Due to its
flexibility, anyone can use it anywhere any time. These have short time period, which are easy to digest,
and leads towards more retention on higher level. Video tutorial always provides ongoing and
motivational learning, professional development and employee skills etc. Through these, various
companies can make their own library of information based on e-learning process with graphical
representation. It’s have a capability to create or enhance the employment engagement, accommodate
different learning styles, self-study and self-enhancement, improve productivity, improve communicate
learning facts etc. Such type of trainings and usage through video tutorials can access easily whenever
and whatever it is need. The interactive training from video tutorial is endless. Now, it has become a
vital part of any learning part of life.
45
3.7.3: Learning trends:
The learning trends always furnished the capability of learning according to the learning demand of a
user. These days technology makes learning to much flexible. Anyone can learn from anywhere through
video tutorial. Video tutorial makes things easy to learn and more capable or interesting due to its
picture and audio graphical representation. Which save money, time and energy of a user and convey
fruitful knowledge. Learning techniques and its trends are change gradually. These trends easily help in
cooperative learning and smoothly process of it in convenient ways.
3.7.4: Modern Learning trends:
Due to the advancement of technology, everything become more versatile and advance. Same in the
patterns of learning as well as the procedure of it are change now. The new modern technology gives
more advancement of it. Now Video tutorials give more relaxation to learning. Small gadgets and
advancement in communication create too much easiness in learning anywhere and anytime.
3.7.5: Behavior
A response, action or reaction of anyone towards anything includes in a behavior.
3.7.6: University Students:
The graduate and the postgraduate students have more exposure of learning. They have more seeking
professional knowledge.
46
3.8: Operational Definition of the key concepts:
3.8.1: Impact:
Usage of Video tutorials has strong impact on Pakistan youth.
3.8.2: Video Tutorials:
Educational, Creative, Home based, Technological etc
3.8.3: Increasing Learning trends:
Usage of Video tutorial gives relaxation learning and shift learning in to modern once.
3.8.4: University Students:
Graduates and postgraduate students of universities of Lahore are involved in it.
3.9: Data Collection:
3.9.1: Tool of Data Collection:
Questionnaire selected as a tool of data collection in the research.
3.9.2: Gathering Data and Field Experience:
The questionnaire formulated in English language under the observation of usage of video tutorial. The
data were collect from different universities students of Lahore who were access the video tutorial of
learning. The data collected in 2 months (October 2018-November 2018).
47
3.9.3: Pilot Study:
The study data collection based on Survey and the survey of this study based on questionnaire. This
survey collected from 507 (Male and Female) respondent of youth and middle age from different
universities of Lahore Pakistan. The survey instruments base on demographical information. It is also
belong with other necessary elements of learning. The data will kept confidential and just for research.
The pilot study conducted just for the check of reliability and accuracy of the research.
3.9.4: Validity and Reliability:
The pilot study had conducted to check the reliability and validity of the research work. The
questionnaires more refine and valuable under the study of learning and make them more easy for
answers towards their respondents. Pre testing was done before conducted the survey. The result
highlighted some deficiency in the survey questionnaire so; the researcher did little bit amendments
before finalizing. Likert’s Scale used for testator the questionnaire.
3.10: Data Processing:
Researcher had used statistical package for social sciences (SPSS version 20.00) for analyzing the
data.
3.11: Computer Application in the Research
Data sheet design on the SPSS and entering through the obtained information of respondents.
48
3.12: Statistical Used:
In this research, the usage of video tutorials and its impact on increasing the learning trends of
university student’s relationship evaluated by Correlation analysis. Correlation always measure the
relationship between two items. Both item consist on various names the one is dependent variable
whereas the other is independent variable. The aim is to measure or see the relation between these two.
If a change in a dependent variable highlighted then independent variable will also change.
3.13: Application of Statistical Test:
The Researcher used following statistical in this research base study.
1. Univariate Analysis
2. Bivariate Analysis
Bivariate Analysis:
The study examined the usage and impact of video tutorials in increasing the modern learning trends
among Pakistani youth. For the hypothesis, testing and verification of the association among video
tutorial and increasing the learning trends of Pakistan youth Correlation statistical analysis were applied.
Correlation statistical (r) were applying to identify the association and relation between these two
variables, which are dependent, and independent (video tutorials and youth).
49
3.14: Procedure for Testing Hypothesis:
The procedure always helps to create more accurate and authentic sort of data. There is some steps
used foe hypothesis testing which were very important
Null hypothesis Hothere is no association among variables
Alternative hypothesis H1there is association between variables
Level of Significance α= 0.05
r n2
Test statistics t
1 r2
Critical value = t 
( ,v )
2
Degrees of freedom v = n-2
Critical region t  t Calculated value> Table value
Decision Rule Reject 𝐻𝑂 if t (calculated value) >t(table value)
50
CHAPTER NO 4
DATA ANALSIS
51
CHAPTER 4
DATA ANALYSIS
This research measured the relationship between video tutorial and increasing the learning trends of
Pakistani youth due to it through the bivariate analysis. Besides the researcher also interested to know
the impact of video tutorial on Pakistan youth in different learning aspects .which were due graphical
attraction too on the respondent. On the other hand descriptive analysis section measures the
demography, gender and age of the respondent.
Internet as well as other modern technological based gadgets is widely used by youngsters due to the
easy access of Internet at anywhere anytime every single person admires their usage. The learning
becomes easier comparative to older once. Every person can gratify their learning needs easily with
much flexibility and other learning benefits. Therefore, this study attempts to understand that whether
video tutorials influence the youth towards learning due to their many advantages as well as
participating in new modern learning trends. The target population will be all universities students and
teachers. This population chosen for sampling by keeping in vision of the demographic needs related to
video tutorials usage and rationale of study. The participants for focus groups were youth, students and
teachers who are users and familiar from video tutorials.
52
Data analysis and interpretation:
Researcher selected two demographics (Male and Female) the sample of gender. Researcher has selected
youth and middle age group.
4.1:RQ1: What is your gender?
4.1.1: Frequency table for gender of users towards Video tutorial
what is your gender
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percentage
Male 228 45.0 45.0 45.0
Valid Female 279 55.0 55.0 100.0
Total 507 100.0 100.0
Table 4.1.1 shows that the quantity of males depends according to the given frequency table is 228(45%)
males while 279(55%) females were a part of this research. The total sample of population consists of
507 respondents. Non-probability sampling technique will highlight in it. This study involves the 18 to
32 years old (Male and Female).
53
4.1.2: Frequency table for gender towards their age
Age
Percent
18-20 228 45.0 45.0 45.0
Valid 21-23 279 55.0 55.0 100.0
Total 507 100.0 100.0
Frequency table 4.1.2 shows the result that the study involves 507 respondents from the age different
age groups. Every age group participated in this research and shares views according to their perspective
and their gratifications as well. In this research 228(45%) respondent of age group 18-20 were involved
whereas 279 (55%) respondent of other group were involved. This summarized in to different sub
groups like 18-20, 21-23, 24-26, 27-29, and 30-32. The method of survey will based to gather the data
on Survey questionnaires. Opinion questionnaire will filled from them, students and teachers who are
heavy users and light users. The population of this study will be different universities of Lahore
Pakistan. The sample will be selected form Punjab University and Lahore, Lahore Garrison University,
University of Management and Technology, University of Engineering and Technology, Kinnaird
College for Women University, Virtual University, Forman Christian College and Lahore College for
Women University, Lums, Forman Christian College etc.
54
4.1.3: Frequency table of video tutorial types towards their users
which type of video tutorials do you use from the following
Percent
Educational 137 27.0 27.0 27.0
Home based 135 26.6 26.6 53.6
Creative learning 116 22.9 22.9 76.5
Valid Technical 84 16.6 16.6 93.1
Business 15 3.0 3.0 96.1
Another 20 3.9 3.9 100.0
Total 507 100.0 100.0
Research involved different types of video tutorial in this research. This video tutorial is a greater source
of information. Every single type of video tutorial is participating in increasing the modern learning
techniques due to its great versatility. It reduces travel, cost, expenses, accommodate with various
learning styles, keeps employee and learners engaged etc. Different user use different video tutorials
under their uses and its gratifications. So, frequency table 4.1.3shows the result that 137(27%)
respondent used educational video tutorial, home based 135(26.6%), creative video tutorials116
(22.9%), technical video tutorials used 84(16.6%), business based video tutorials 15(3.0%) and other
kind of video tutorials 20(3.9%) used by different respondent participated in this research.
55
4.1.4: Frequency table of time towards the users of video tutorials
how much time do you spend watching video tutorials
Percent
lessthan1hour 228 45.0 45.0 45.0
Valid 1h 279 55.0 55.0 100.0
Total 507 100.0 100.0
According to the frequency table 4.1.4 shows the result that 228(45.0%) respondents (males and
females) use video tutorials less than 1 hour in a day while 279(55%) respondents said that they give 1
hour to learning in a day through video tutorials.
56
4.1.5: Frequency table of familiarity with the new concept of (modern) learning
are you familiar with the new concept of modern learning
Percent
not all familiar 421 83.0 83.0 83.0
slightly familiar 83 16.4 16.4 99.4
Valid somewhat familiar 1 .2 .2 99.6
moderately familiar 2 .4 .4 100.0
Total 507 100.0 100.0
The teaching and studying are changing now days due to the development and modern technology. The
new learning communication fade away the traditional teaching and without having an effect of modern
once. The modern learning, which has also, includes video tutorials on a larger scale. Its replace the
possibilities of learning. All is the mainly due to the rapid growth of internet and its usage from different
tools of it. Now a days the most popular and valuable way of learning is video tutorials. There are
millions online video tutorials find on internet. Only Youtube gives about 55 million hits on the search
of different kinds of “video tutorials” (Searched 19.3.2015). The simplicity or easy to create and high
quality screen captured programs makes the creation of video tutorials easy with having their skills and
knowledge. According to the frequency table of 4.1.5 many persons not become familiar from this
fruitful source of learning. The table shows that the 421(83%) respondent were not all
familiar,83(16.4%) slightly familiar from the usage of it whereas few respondents are moderately
familiar.
57
4.1.6: Video tutorials are beneficial
to which extent video tutorials are beneficial
Percent
to greatest extent 137 27.0 27.0 27.0
to greater extent 135 26.6 26.6 53.6
to great extent 116 22.9 22.9 76.5
Valid to some extent 84 16.6 16.6 93.1
to no extent 15 3.0 3.0 96.1
6 20 3.9 3.9 100.0
Total 507 100.0 100.0
All the respondents who involved in this study give their feedback through survey above frequency table
shown according to 137(27%) respondents’ video tutorials are useful to greatest extent. 135(26.6%)
said that they are use video tutorials and its beneficial to greater extent,116(22.9%) males and females
said that the video tutorials are beneficial to great extent. 84(16.6%) respondent of this study agreed on
the benefits of the video tutorials to some extent.
Whereas 15 (3.0%) respondent said that, the benefits of video tutorials had seen to no extent.
58
4.1.7: Frequency table of impact of video tutorial
video tutorials have an impact on the learning behavior of people
Frequency Percent Valid Cumulative
Percent Percent
strongly agree 152 30.0 30.0 30.0
agree 179 35.3 35.3 65.3
neutral 105 20.7 20.7 86.0

Valid
disagree 43 8.5 8.5 94.5
strongly disagree 28 5.5 5.5 100.0
Total 507 100.0 100.0
According to frequency, table 4.2.2 video tutorials have stronger impact on learning behavior of people
shows that the 30% (152) respondents were strongly agreed on that the video tutorial has great impact.
35.3% (179) said they are agree on the impact of video tutorials, 20.7% (105) neutral about it while
8.5% (43) were disagree and 5.5% (28) were strongly disagree on it.
59
4.1.7: Relationship among video tutorials and its user
does the video to which extent do you think are you

tutorial is video tutorials video tutorials familiar with
more are beneficial promoting new the new
attractive learning concept of
learning trend trends modern
as compare to learning
the older once
Pearson Correlation 1 .181** .284** .085
attractive learning trend Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .055
N 507 507 507 507
Pearson Correlation .181** 1 .235** .139**
beneficial Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .002
N 507 507 507 507
Pearson Correlation .284** .235** 1 .125**
promote new learning trend Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .005
N 507 507 507 507
Pearson Correlation .085 .139** .125** 1
modern learning Sig. (2-tailed) .055 .002 .005
N 507 507 507 507
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
60
Table 4.1.7 shows correlation between impact of video tutorial and increasing the learning trends among
Pakistan youth. According to the evident from the table usage of video tutorial have a great impact in
increasing the learning trends among Pakistani youth. Impact of video tutorial significantly correlated
with their users toward the impact of modern learning trends. The above table shows the accuracy result
of video tutorial is more attractive as compare to older once (1) whereas total number of respondents
were 507. Video tutorials are beneficial (.181; p=.000), its promoting new learning trends (.284; p=.000)
and familiarity with new concept of modern learning (.085, p=.055) were found. Similarly, the
relationship among impact of video tutorials increasing the modern learning trends among youth due to
its usage was significantly found with all the promoted once to it. Thus, the hypothesis “Video is more
effective learning trend than older once” supported.
61
4.2.1: Relationship between video tutorial and modern learning trend
do you think do you think do you think do you think

video tutorials video tutorials video tutorials that you have
promoting motivates a enhance the good
new learning person to capabilities understanding
trends learn and skills of it of modern
something users learning due
new to video
tutorials
Pearson
1 .094* .144** .119**
promoting new learning Correlation
trends Sig. (2-tailed) .005 .035 .001 .008
N 507 507 507 507
Pearson
.094* 1 .233** .131**
motivates to learn Correlation
something new Sig. (2-tailed) .035 .000 .003
N 507 507 507 507
Pearson
.144** .233** 1 .297**
enhance the capabilities Correlation
and skills of it users Sig. (2-tailed) .001 .000 .000
N 507 507 507 507
Pearson
.119** .131** .297** 1
good understanding of Correlation
modern learning Sig. (2-tailed) .008 .003 .000
N 507 507 507 507
*. Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
62
The tables 4.2.1 show the relationship among different modern learning trends and video tutorials by
showing its significant values. The video tutorial promotes new learning trend (1;p=.005) which is
significantly associated with each other. It’s always motivated person for learning shows value of
(.094;p=.035) but there is no correlation found between them, while between enhancement of
capabilities, skills and its users were (.144;p=.001) significantly correlated with each other.
Whereas among good understanding of video tutorials and modern learning (.119;p=.008) shows that
both were not correlated with each other.“Thus the hypothesis is usage of video tutorial is positively
associated with modern learning trends” which has been supported to this study.
63
CHAPTER NO 5
DISCUSSION ANALYSIS
64
Chapter no 5
Discussion Analysis
The rationale of the study is to analyze the effects of video tutorials on Pakistani Youth which
depending on a usage and requirements of video tutorials. By at temptation of a youth requirement and
its repose as a dependent variable, this study examines the association of modern learning through
cheapest source of video tutorials. This study admires the new modern learning techniques which
always time saving, it’s participated in conversion of old techniques into modern once.
Thus, this study analyzes the effects of video tutorials and its participation in modern learning
techniques. In modern learning techniques, generated new ideas through relaxing and management time
consumptions are involvement highlighted. Due to which a person can learn new and easy concept with
audio and video. The graphical representation of concept with voice and audio can make any difficult
learning very easy.
The objective of this study was to dig out the impact of video tutorials increasing the modern learning
trends among Pakistani youth. This methodology has been currently used to teach about the screen-
printing. Which are not gratifying the student needs. Particularly researcher focused on increasing
learning trends due to the usage of video tutorials. Internet is vast source of information and anyone can
use this technology, because of it is not expensive and anyone can access this technology easily. Now it
has become an initial part of our life.
65
Therefore, researcher tried to identify whether video tutorial ha any impact in increasing the modern
learning trend on its users. The study concludes results by comparing diverse demographic variables as
well as operationalizes impact of video tutorials as independent variable and used KAP survey model.
Video tutorials commonly used by universities students in Lahore, because of easy access of internet and
technological communicational gadgets.
Different types of video tutorials are very common source of learning and it’s getting more and more
popular in people day by day. Moreover, this study presents the data according to the age and gender.
Now in Pakistan every single student influenced towards the video tutorials through modern source of
technology which are easy to access, easy to find and beneficial for learner aspects as well. The
graphical representation, audio and perfect video attraction used with lots of learning techniques that
makes learning easy and great. Learning videos are new and impressive learning method. Their use
seems easy to new generation and those as well who spend more time on different video tutorials. Due
to these facility users enjoys multitasking, reading less, desires consumers control, easy access, flexible,
fast learning, time management as well as the believe on technology makes their life easier. So this
study targeted to evaluate the impact of video tutorials on increasing the modern learning trends of
Pakistani youth (student of Lahore). The basic target study find out through bivariate analysis, whether
video tutorial has impact in increasing modern learning trends of different universities students or not.
66
The hypotheses of study include impact of video tutorial lead to modern learning and participate in
learning trends. Video tutorial is a great method of learning as well as delivering instruction towards its
user. The success of teacher enhance knowledge, learning and skill (Wilmes and Trice,2011). The
success of the video tutorials and it is successfully participation in modern learning trends can measure
by tremendously positive response to the videos.
It is always shows to enhance the instructions and motivates the learning. Video tutorials are actually
better demonstration and written instructions. Anyone can stream video, which is interactive media that
can be stop, pause, watch, and re-watch any time anywhere. So, under the hypotheses video tutorial is
positively associated with modern learning patterns and another hypotheses shows video tutorial is
effective learning trend than older once.
Moreover, a different factor base on conclusion after reviewing the relevant literature, which was
study, that video tutorial has great impact on learning trends. The online instruction based video tutorials
gave unlimited access 24 hours a day. It has the ability to review a process and can watch repeatedly.
The Royal study of Chemistry in Poland was an experiment of using video tutorial had been conducted
written instruction and interactive media (Miranowicz & Miranowicz, 2004).
67
For this research, the researcher used “Uses and gratification theory”. This theory analyzed the impact
of video tutorial in increasing the modern learning trend among Pakistani youth. When university
students of Lahore city use video tutorials, they are participated in modern learning. They easy learning
makes the video tutorials more beneficial.
In this study, survey method used to obtain that data was quantitative in nature from large population.
Due to time and budget limitations only few university (Kinnaird College for women University, Lahore
Garrison University, Government College University, Punjab University, University of Management
and Technology, University of Lahore, University of Engineering and Technology, LUMS, Forman
Christian College) of Lahore city were covered selected for data collection under the specific topic of
modern learning. According to the Wimmer& Dominick (1993) population define as “A class or a group
of various subjects, concept of phenomena and variables.” The whole population of the research study
comprises of all selected universities students aged 18-32 years, who are the users of video tutorials for
sake of learning in Lahore Pakistan. It was use to make the research more valuable and realistic. To
approach the total population researcher used sampling techniques.
The total population was 507 respondents (228 males and 279 females). Total population of this
research study includes youth aged (18-32) years.That use video tutorials and positively participated in
modern learning trends in Lahore. It was not possible to approach the total population that is why
researcher used random sampling technique for data collection. Questionnaire made in English language.
All questionnaires had close-ended questions. The researcher used Statistical Package for the Social
Sciences (SPSS Version 20.00) for analyzing data. Research question analyzed with the help of
frequency table. As the study evaluated the impact of video tutorial and modern learning trend, therefore,
statistical tool, correlation analysis has need used for hypothesis testing.
68
5.1.: The results of research questions and hypotheses
5.1.1:RQ1: To which extent video tutorials have an impact on Pakistani youth?
To access the attitude of the impact of video tutorial on youth towards the all frequency table shown
above video tutorial are too much beneficial. Due to technology advancement knowledge, become not
too much far away. Information is near to everyone doors. The new learning trend convert older once in
to modern. According to frequency table 4.2.2 (30%) majority respondent were strongly agree that they
attract and have strong impact on learning behavior from video tutorials. 35.3% were agree while 20.7%
and 8.5% neutral and disagree on the impact of video tutorial.
69
According to table, 4.1.7 correlation was significant between video tutorial effective learning trend
and older learning trend towards its users. It proves hypotheses. According to the results video tutorial is
more effective learning trend then older once among Pakistani youth.
According to the table, 4.2.1 correlation is significant between usage of video tutorials and modern
learning trends. The correlation supported the hypotheses and the study revealed the facts that users of
video tutorials learn and influence its modern learning techniques. The modern technology, which used
to make video tutorial converted older learning into modern once, which is faster and flexible as well.
70
Conclusion and Suggestions:
The methodology used for gathering data is survey. The universe for the present study was Lahore
and the population was the youth of Lahore with age group of 18-32. Different universities of Lahore
were selected to assemble the data. The sample for the study was 507 respondents included (males and
females) from each university. The tool for collecting data was a questionnaire and statistical software of
SPSS used for interpretation of results. The results reveal that H1 and H2 both are accepted. Hence new
learning trends and older once, both are consumed by the young generation but video tutorials are more
popular amongst the youth. The Uses and Gratification theory also supports the present study because
according to the theory audience play a significant function in choosing and using the medium that
greatly fulfill their needs and requirements. So, in the light of this theory, the given research analyzed
that people use both new and old learning trends traditional depending on their desires. A variety of
mediums are being used by the youth now days. Some still use books, while others completely rely on
video tutorials such as makeover, arts video tutorial sites etc. However, the new modern learning trends
have reduced the consumption of old learning trends among the youth. It does not mean that at the
present new learning trends are no more in use by the youngsters. Previous studies have focused on
whether the fame and utilization of older once are going to replacing the use of older gradually grand
reduction its use among young generation. This study focused on medium consumption of learning
trends habits of youth as it examined that the younger people still make use of older trends of learning
along with the mediums of learning. However, the time spent on video tutorial is relatively high in
contrast to the older trends of learning.
71
The usage of video instruction for software has increased in the last decades. Especially popular is on-
screen video design for procedural videos.
Regarding learning from those videos, theories as the social learning theory, the generative learning
effect, Empirical research on procedural videos shows that the effect of video availability during
practice by conditions has not yet been tested. In the present study the effect of dealing with video
instructions is compared in three conditions. In the control condition, participants could choose
themselves. A pretest, training, posttest, transfer-test and retention-test were conducted to measure task
performance, transfer, learning, motivation and flow. The results revealed no significant effects of
condition. This leads to the conclusion that having or not having access to the videos during practice
does not matter for learning from procedural. The study aims to dig out the behaviors and gestures of
Video Tutorial users towards the Modern learning trends. It will recognize all the aspects of modern
techniques,
Videos can be an effective tool in your teaching tool kit. When incorporating videos into a lesson, it’s
important to keep in mind the three key components of cognitive load, elements that impact engagement
and elements that promote active learning videos.
The important thing to keep in mind is that watching a video can be a passive experience, much as
reading can be. To make the most of our educational videos, we need to help students do the processing
and self-evaluation that will lead to the learning we want to see. The meticulous way you do this should
be guided by goals of the course and the norms of your discipline.
72
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75
Appendix
Survey Questionnaire
Role of video tutorials in increasing the learning trends among Pakistani Youth
to any extracurricular activates. Due to modern learning aspects and techniques it has become a method
of creating something new or as it is without expenditure. Students can also learn through facilitating
problem solving or without going anywhere. Video tutorials are informational programs that provide
systematic information and clear the concepts or learning units. It has ability to solve it in reliable
learning techniques. Creative or learning based tutorials use attractive methods such as motives, audio
and visual presentation of then learning subject matter, and gives feedback through question-answer
exercises.
Select the option by putting ( ) that you think is best possible answer. All questions are compulsory to
filled and select only one option.
 Name
 Gender
 Qualification
 Institution
76
Research Questionnaire
1. Do you use video tutorials?

o Yes
o No
2. Which type of video tutorials do you use from the following?

o Educational
o Home based
o Creativity learning
o Technical
o Business
o Any other
3. How much times you are spend watching video tutorials?

o Less than one hour
o 1 hour
o 2 hour
o 3 hour
4. Are you familiar with the new concept of modern learning?

o Not all familiar
o Slightly familiar
o Somewhat familiar
o Moderately familiar
o Extremely familiar
5. To what extent video tutorials are beneficial?
o to greatest extent
o to greater extent
o to great extent
o to some extent
o to no extent
77
6. Do you think video tutorial is promoting new learning trend?
o Strongly Agree
o Agree
o Neutral
o Disagree
o Strongly Disagree
7. Do you think due to time flexibility, choices of learning and interest of a person, motivates him
to use video tutorial?
o Strongly Agree
o Agree
o Neutral
o Disagree
o Strongly Disagree
8. Video tutorials have an impact on the learning behavior of people?
o Strongly Agree
o Agree
o Neutral
o Disagree
o Strongly Disagree
9. Do you thing usage of video tutorial is good?
o Strongly Agree
o Agree
o Neutral
o Disagree
o Strongly Disagree
78
10. Do you think that you have good understanding of modern learning due to video tutorials?
o Strongly Agree
o Agree
o Neutral
o Disagree
o Strongly Disagree
11. Video tutorial is a source of developing new ideas among its users?
o Strongly Agree
o Agree
o Neutral
o Disagree
o Strongly Disagree
12. Does the video tutorial is more attractive learning trend as compare to the older once?
o Strongly Agree
o Agree
o Neutral
o Disagree
o Strongly Disagree
13. Do you think video tutorial build up the learning behavior in positive way?
o Strongly Agree
o Agree
o Neutral
o Disagree
o Strongly Disagree
79
14. Do you think Video tutorials enhance the capability and skills of its user?
o Strongly Agree
o Agree
o Neutral
o Disagree
o Strongly Disagree
15. Video tutorials give strong idea for learn something new?
o Strongly Agree
o Agree
o Neutral
o Disagree
o Strongly Disagree
16. Video tutorials enhance capability and skills of a person?
o Strongly Agree
o Agree
o Neutral
o Disagree
o Strongly Disagree
17. Do you think due to time flexibility, choices of learning and interest of a person, motivates him
to use video tutorial?
o Strongly Agree
o Agree
o Neutral
o Disagree
o Strongly Disagree
80
18. Do you think video tutorial is a source of developing new ideas among its users?
o Strongly Agree
o Agree
o Neutral
o Disagree
o Strongly Disagree
19. Video tutorial become a new learning trend among youth?
o Strongly Agree
o Agree
o Neutral
o Disagree
o Strongly Disagree
20. Do you think Video tutorials change the behavior of its users towards the learning pattern?
o Strongly Agree
o Agree
o Neutral
o Disagree
o Strongly Disagree
81

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IMPACT OF VIDEO TUTORIALS IN INCREASING THE

LEARNING TRENDS ON UNIVERSITY STUDENTS OF

LAHORE GARRISON UNIVERSITY

Submitted in partial Fulfillment of the requirement for the

Lahore Garrison University

Supervisor: Ms. Javeria Nazeer

research work. Now it is ready to be evaluated by external evaluator.

Name: Ms. Javeria Nazeer

Lahore Garrison University

DHA Phase 6 sector C Telephone:

who helped me in conducting the research.

507(males and females) students of different universities.

all three heroes of life.

1.1: Statement of Problem……………………………………………………………………………….19

1.2: Research Objectives…………………………………………………………………………………20

1:3: Research Questions………………………………………………………………………………….21

1.6: Rational of study…………………………………………………………………………………….22

2.1: Video Tutorials and its usage………………………………………………………………………28

2.2: Accelerate the Feedback……………………………………………………………………………28

2.5: Playing Fruitful role in increasing modern learning trends………………………………………29

2.6: Theoretical Framework and its uses and gratification……………………………………………...34

3.1: Research Design…………………………………………………………………………………….38

3.2.1: Collection of Survey Data…………………………………………………………………………39

3.4.1: Sample Size……………………………………………………………………………………….42

3.4.2: Sampling Techniques……………………………………………………………………………..42

3.4.3: Sample Selection of Area………………………………………………………………………..42

3.5: Instrument of study…………………………………………………………………………………42

3.6: Variable of the study………………………………………………………………………………42

3.6.1: Exposure/ Knowledge…………………………………………………………………………….43

3.6.4:: Demographical Variable………………………………………………………………………….44

3.7.2: Video Tutorials……………………………………………………………………………………45

3.7.3: Learning Trends…………………………………………………………………………………..45

3.7.4: Modern Learning Trends………………………………………………………………………….46

3.7.6: University Students……………………………………………………………………………….46

3.8: Operational Definition of Key Concepts……………………………………………………………46

3.8.2: Video Tutorials…………………………………………………………………………………....46

3.8.3: Increasing learning trends…………………………………………………………………………46

3.8.4: University students………………………………………………………………………………..46

3.9: Data Collection……………………………………………………………………………………...47

3.9.1: Tool of Data Collection…………………………………………………………...………………47

3.9.2: Gathering Data and Field Experience……………………………………………………………..47

3.9.3: Pilot Study………………………………………………………………………………………..47

3.9.4: Validity and Reliability……………………………………………………………………………47

3.10: Data Processing…………………………………………………………………………………….48

3.11: Computer Application……………………………………………………………………………...48

3.12: Statistical Used…………………………………………………………………………………….48

3.14: Procedure for Testing …………………………………………………………………………..48

Data Analysis and interpretation…………………………………………………………………………52

4.1-4.22: Research Questions 1………………………………………………………………………….52

5.1: The Result of research………………………………………………………………………………68

5.2 Conclusion and Recommendation..…………………………………………………………………69

Table 4.1.1: Frequency table of gender……………………………….………………….….52

Table 4.1.4: Frequency table for gender towards their age…………………………………55

Table 4.1.8: Relationship among Video tutorials and its users……………………………….58

Table 4.1.9: Impact of Video tutorials ..............................................................................…...69

their needs from video tutorials on regular basis (Zickuhr,2010).

a new dimension of learning trends. It increases the interest of knowing.

has ability to solve it in reliable learning techniques.

performance of the experiment (Burewicz, &Miranowicz, 2006).Instructors to highlight elements of the

lesson that would be difficult (Girod,Bell,&Mishra,2007) .

held in a class (Young,2008).

inaccessible to students due to distance for example professors in foreign countries.

present study, the researcher becomes familiar from some theses.