As you read, stop and jot your notes in the charts on each page.

 
TKAM Annotations Chart - Round Robin Name __Tessa
Hatchell_______________________

Harper Lee uses rhetoric and various language styles in her novel ​To Kill a 
Mockingbird.​ ​She created characters such as Atticus, who mostly speaks in a formal 
tone and uses rhetoric towards his children, people throughout the community, and 
the jury in the courtroom. Harper created a 6 year old narrator that uses many styles 
of language as she speaks to her father (Atticus), her brother (Jem), her house maid 
(Calpurnia or Cal), her fiance’ (Dill), and neighbors.  

Language styles created by authors: 

​Rhetorical Appeals:​ the language authors, speakers, or ANYONE uses to make an 
impression or persuade others. Rhetoric is considered the art of persuasion. 
1. Ethos​ - speaker’s ability to establish himself as credible or an expert on the 
matter 
2. Pathos​ - speaker’s ability to appeal to the emotions of the listeners/audience. (a 
“play” on emotions) 
3. Logos​ - speaker’s ability to use logic, reason, facts, statistics to prove his/her 
point 
 
​Rhetoric can also be in the form of literary devices: ​allusions, irony, imagery, simile, 
metaphor, hyperbole, oxymoron, parallelism, repetition, personification, and more! 
 
Style: formal language vs. informal language:​ ​everyone switches up how they use 
language depending on where they are or who they’re with. The language we use 
depends on our circumstances. Author’s switch up the type of language they use 
when they write. 
1. Informal language ​- personal or slang language that we use with someone we 
know very well. We use personal pronouns and contractions when we speak to 
family or friends. Uses active voice. 
2. Formal language​ - professional and business-like language we use with people 
we don’t know. Uses passive voice and higher level words. 
3. Objective tone​ - States the facts or what was heard, seen, or said; no opinions. 
Can sometimes be used with formal language 
4. Subjective tone​ - speaks using opinions; usually associated with informal 
language 
 
Allusions: ​when authors refer to famous people, characters, stories, myths, to 
emphasize their point. Lee Harper uses a lot of unfamiliar allusions in TKAM. 
 
Fallacious reasoning/fallacies: ​a deceptive or misleading statement. A fallacious 
argument can fool human reasoning. 
As you read, stop and jot your notes in the charts on each page.

 
 
Rhetorical Devices  
Required  Character  Quote from character  Type of  What effect did it have on the 
chapter  (label formal or informal)  Rhetoric  situation? 

1        This comment surprised 

        Jem and Scout because 
 
 
      Calpurnia never had 
  Calpurnia  “There goes the    something to say about a 
  meanest man God  Ethos  white person. This also 
  ever blew breath  helped the reader have 
Page #13  into.”  insight into the Radleys. 
Informal 
 
 
 
 

2    “You never really    Because of this comment 

  Atticus  understand a    from Atticus, Scout 
 
 
  person until you    learned to consider 
    consider things from  Logos  situations from other’s 
Page #33    his point of view.”  point of view before 
Formal  judging them. 

3    “If you’ll concede the    This made Scout feel 

    necessity of going to    better about going to 
 
 
Atticus  school, we’ll go on    school since she and 
    reading every night  Pathos  Atticus will continue 
    just as we always  reading every night. 
Page #35    have.” 
Formal 

4    “You don’t ‘n’ I’ll tell    Scout spit out the gum 
    Calpurnia on you!”    she found near her house 
 
 
  ​Informal    in a tree and made sure to 
    Pathos  gargle her mouth in case 
  Jem  anything was in the gum. 
   
Page #_38   

5    “If you don’t say    Scout listened to what 

    you’ll do what we tell    they told her to do and 
 
 
Dill  you, we ain’t gonna  Pathos  took part in giving a note 
    tell you anything.”  to Boo Radley. 
    Informal 
Page #51   
As you read, stop and jot your notes in the charts on each page.

    “I declare to the lord    Scout felt as if she didn’t 

6    you’re gettin’ more    have a choice but to join 
 
 
  like a girl every day.”    the two in ther scheme to 
  Jem  Informal    go to the Radley house. 
    Pathos 
   
   
 
Page #58 
 
 
 

Required  Character  Quote from character  Type of  What effect did it have on the 
chapter  (label formal or informal)  Rhetoric  situation? 

    “Atticus told me to    This gave Scout the 

7    delete the adjectives    answer to her question 
   
and I’d have the  Logos  about what the Egyptians 
  Atticus  
   
facts.”  would be like if they hadn’t 
    Formal  accomplished so much.  
Page #67   

    “Do not let this    This told Jem that Atticus 

8    inspire you to    was serious was serious 
     
further glory,  about him not bothering 
  Atticus   
  Jeremy.”  Ethos  Boo Radley, and that he 
  Informal  shouldn’t feel so inspired 
  just because he was close 
Page #82  to seeing him. 

    “I guess it ain’t your    This infuriates Scout and 

    fault if Uncle Atticus    causes her to yell at 
     
9   
is a n*****-lover   
Francis and start hitting 
    besides, but I’m here    him, which gets her into 
    to tell you that it  Pathos  trouble with adults. 
  Francis  certainly does 
Page #94  mortify the rest of 
the family--” 
Informal 
 

    “I saw that, One Shot    This surprised Scout and 

    Finch!”    Jem because Atticus was 
     
Informal  able to so accurately 
10  Miss  ​Ethos 
  shoot the dog. Miss 
Maudie 
  Maudie proved to Scout 
  that he was more talented 
Page #111  than she once thought. 

    “Not only a Finch    Mrs. Dubose upset and 

    waiting on tables,    hurt Jem and Scout, and 
   
As you read, stop and jot your notes in the charts on each page.

11  Mrs.  but one in the  Ethos  Jem didn’t like that he 
  Dubose  courthouse lawing  couldn’t say something 
 
 
for n*****s.”  back. 
Page #117 

    “I just can’t help if    This has shown Scout that 

    mister Jem’s growin’    she couldn’t be as close to 
     
up. He’s gonna want  her brother, Jem, as she 
12  Calpurnia   
  to be off to himself a  Logos  thought she would be. 
  lot now, doin’ 
  whatever boys do, 
Page #132  so you just come 
right to the kitchen 
when you feel 
lonesome.” 
Informal 
 
 
Examples of Fallacious Reasonings 
  Character  Fallacy Used  What effect did it have? 

      Aunt Alexandra continued 

    “You’ve got to face it  trying to get Atticus to rid 
    sooner or later and it  Calpurnia from their house. 
Chapte Aunt Alexandra  might as well be  She only wants to get rid of 
r 14  tonight.”  Calpurnia because she is a 
  Black/White/Either or  black woman and supposedly 
  a “bad influence” to the kids. 
 
Page 
#155 

      Jem quickly changes the 

Chapte   “Miss Maudie can’t chew  subject, as to distract Scout 
r 7    gum- You know she can  from the fact that they don’t 
  Jem  talk pretty sometimes..”  know whether it is a man or a 
  Red Herring  woman giving them gifts. 
 
Page #69 
 

      Because everyone else is 

Chapte   “I thought I might just  going to see Tom Robinson’s 
r 16    look in at the  trial, Miss Stephanie wants to 
  Miss Stephanie  courthouse, to see what  go inside and see what’s 
  Atticus’s up to.”  happening as well. 
  Bandwagon 
 
As you read, stop and jot your notes in the charts on each page.

Page 
#182 

    “They c’n go loose and  Many people use the fact 

    rape up the countryside  that Atticus is defending a 
  The skinny man  for all ‘em who run this  negro with a rape charge 
  on the streets  county care.”  against his children, hence 
  Hasty Generalization  why the man said “rape up 
  the countryside” to Jem and 
Page  Scout. 
#153 
 

    “Won’t answer a word  Mayella is trying to start an 

    long as you keep  argument even when Atticus 
    mockin’ me.”  is being polite and 
Chapte   Straw Man  addressing her as “ma’am”.  
r 18  Mayella Ewell 
 
 
Page 
#206 
 
Allusions (use the ​Allusions Survival Guide​ to help you ) 
Chapter  Character  What allusion did they use?  How did it affect the meaning or tone? 
& 
Page # 

    “I said if he wanted to  This allusion made Scout’s 

Chapte   take a broad view of  speech more informal as she 
r 1     the thing, it really  began to explain what she meant 
    began with Andrew  by Jem wanting to take a “broad 
Page 1  Scout  Jackson.”  view of things”. 
 
 

Chapte   “Shoot all the bluejays  This allusion made the tone 
r 10    you want, if you can hit  more serious and ominous as if it 
    em’, but remember it’s a  were trying to foreshadow 
  Atticus  sin to kill a  something later in the novel. 
Page    Mockingbird.” 
103 
 

Chapte   “Jem, armed with  This allusion makes the tone 

r 11    Ivanhoe and full of  more childish, which can be 
  Scout  superior knowledge,  predictable since Scout is nine 
Page  knocked at the second  years old. 
121  door on the left.” 
As you read, stop and jot your notes in the charts on each page.

    “She kept a CSA pistol  This allusion made the tone 

Chapte   concealed among her  more serious than the rest of the 
r 11  Scout  numerous shawls and  book because it adds to why Jem 
    wraps.”  and Scout greatly dislike Mrs. 
Page  Dubose. 
114 

Chapte   “Mrs. Roosevelt’s lost  Mrs. Merriweather is 

r 24    her mind - just plain  complaining that Mrs. Roosevelt 
  Mrs.  lost her mind coming  is “insane” for coming down to 
Page  Merriweather  down to Birmingham…”  Birmingham because the people 
267  down there are supposedly 
sinners.