Experiment Number: E 07

Determination of the Coefficient of Viscosity of Water

Oscillating Disk Method.
DATE: - 30/ 10 / 2015

EXPERIMENT No: - E 06

EXPERIMENT NAME: - Determination of the Coefficient of Viscosity of Water - Oscillating Disk

Method.

APPARATUS: -  Oscillating disk

 Glass vessel
 Light source
 Telescope
 Meter ruler
 Stop watch
 Micrometer screw gauge
Theory:
The coefficient of viscosity for a liquid 𝜂 is;
2
16𝐼 2 1 𝜆 𝑤 − 𝜆𝑎 𝜆𝑤 − 𝜆𝑎 2
𝜂= [ ]{ +( ) }
𝜋𝜌𝑇𝑎 (𝑟 4 + 2𝑟 3 𝑑)2 𝜋 𝑝𝑖

Here ,𝐼 = moment of inertia of the disk and

attachment about the axis of suspension,

𝜌 = Density of water,

𝑇𝑎 = Time of a complete swing in air,

𝑟 = Radius of the disk,𝑑 = Thickness of the disk,

𝜆𝑎 = Logarithmic decrement in air,

𝜆𝑤 = Logarithmic decrement in water

𝑚𝑟 2 Figure 1
𝐼=
2

Determination of the value of 

The graph of amplitude Vs period is as

follows for the oscillations.

Amplitude of the decrements are 1 , 2

If the logarithmic decrement is 

Then,
1  2  3
e    ...
2 3 4

But,
Figure 2
1   2  1
 2  3  2

Then,
1  2  3 p
e    ......... 
2 3 4  p 1
1      
e   2  3 .........  19 ,  e n  n 
 n 1  n  2  n 3  n 19   n 1 
The period of vibration T, being known
t
n w
ta
2
where t is the time recorded on the clock.
𝑛 is the number of half vibrations which occurs between the beginnings of each
sequence.

By using this method a and w can be determined.

1  2  3 p
e    ......... 
2 3 4  p 1
1   2   3   4 .........  19
e n 
 n 1   n  2   n 3   n  4 .........   n 19
2.303 1   2   3   4 .........  19
 log
n  n 1   n  2   n 3   n  4 .........   n 19
Procedure:
o Apparatus were setup as shown in the figure 1.

o The disk was kept at air and a piece of mirror was attached to the wire connecting the disk to
the stand, so that the reflection of the meter ruler fixed near the setup was visible through the
telescope.

o Disk was given a little rotation and Mirror was adjusted to make the image of the ruler clearly
visible throughout the oscillations. .

o Time period for ten rotations was measured.

o Time taken was observed while recording the distances of the maximum distance from the
middle point. After 11 cycles, the observing time was stopped until the amplitude was half. When
the amplitude was half, the above procedure was repeated to take 11 readings.

o The same procedure was repeated after dipping the disk in water.

o Mass, diameter and thickness of the disk was measured.

Calculations:
Calculating moment of inertia
148 2
𝑚𝑟 2 1 ∙ ( 2
∙ 10−3 )
𝐼= = = 2.738 × 10−3 𝑘𝑔𝑚2
2 2
Calculating 𝑡𝑎 and 𝑡𝑤 Calculating 𝑛
124.2 12.70
𝑇𝑎 = = 12.24 𝑠 𝑛= = 2.08
10 12.24⁄2
127.0
𝑇𝑤 = = 12.70 𝑠
10

For Air For Water

𝛼 𝛽 𝛼 𝛽
× 10−2 𝑚 × 10−2 × 10−2 𝑚 × 10−2
32.0 40.0 0.5 36 29 3
72.0 39.5 65 26
32.5 39.1 0.4 39 21 1
71.6 38.7 60 20
32.9 38.2 0.4 40 19 2
71.1 37.8 59 17
33.3 37.5 0.3 42 16 1
70.8 37.2 58 15
33.6 36.9 0.3 43 13 0.5
70.5 36.6 56 12.5
33.9 36.4 0.3 43.5 12 1
70.3 36.1 55.5 11
34.2 35.9 0.2 44.5 10.5 0.5
70.1 35.7 55 10
34.4 35.5 0.2 45 9.5 0.5
69.9 35.3 54.5 9
34.6 35.1 0.1 46.5 8.5 0.5
69.7 35.0 54 8
34.7 34.8 0.1 46.5 7.5 0.5
69.5 34.7 53.5 7
34.8 34.6 45 6.5
69.4 53
 Calculating 𝜆𝑤 and 𝜆𝑎

2.303 0.5 + 0.4 + 0.4 + 0.3 + 0.3

𝜆𝑎 = log10 { } = 0.359 𝑚
2.08 0.3 + 0.2 + 0.2 + 0.1 + 0.1

2.303 3 + 1 + 2 + 1 + 0.5
𝜆𝑤 = log10 { } = 0.441 𝑚
2.08 1 + 0.5 + 0.5 + 0.5 + 0.5

Calculating coefficient of viscosity of water

2
16 ∙ 2.738 × 10−3 1 (0.441 − 0.359 ) 0.441 − 0.359 2
𝜂= { 4 3 } { + ( ) }
𝜋 ∙ 1000 ∙ 12.24 148 148 𝜋 𝜋
( ∙ 10−3 ) + 2 ∙ ( ∙ 10−3 ) ∙ 0.7 × 10−2
2 2

𝜂 = 2.292 × 10−5

Error Calculations:
2
16I 2    ( w   a )   w   a  
2
1
    
Ta  (r 4  2r 3 d ) 2       

  a   w  a 
2
16
ln   ln  2 ln I  ln t a  2 ln r  2r d  2 ln w
4 3
 
    

 2I t a 2 (r 4  2r 3 d ) 2X  
 let X  w  a   w  a  
2

     (1)
 I ta ( r 4  2r 3 d ) X      


1
ln(𝐼) = ln | | + ln(𝑚) + 2 ln(𝑟)
2

𝜕𝐼 𝜕𝑚 2𝜕𝑟 25 × 10−3 2 × 1 × 10−3

= + = + 148 = 0.052
𝐼 𝑚 𝑟 1 × 10−3 2

𝜕(𝑟 4 + 2𝑟 3 𝑑) = (4𝑟 3 + 6𝑟 2 𝑑)𝜕𝑟 + 2𝑟 3 𝜕𝑑

3 2 3
148 × 10−3 148 × 10−3 148 × 10−3
= {4 ( ) + 6( ) ∙ 0.7 × 10−3 } 10−3 + {2 ∙ ( ) } 10−4
2 2 2

= 1.725 × 10−6
 1 2(w  a ) 1   1 2(w  a )  1 
X     w       a
        

1   2   3   4 .........  19
ln   ln 2.303  ln n  ln log
 n1   n 2   n3   n 4 .........   n19
 n

 n

0.1 0.1
𝜕𝜆𝑤 = 0.7382 ( + ) = 12 × 10−3
12.70 12.70
0.1 0.1
𝜕𝜆𝑤 = 0.0376 ( + ) = 0.6 × 10−3
12.70 12.70
Conclusion:
The coefficient of viscosity = 2.292 × 10−5

Discussion:

It was very hard to adjust the mirror and obtain a clear image of the ruler
throughout the whole oscillation. Disk should not oscillate horizontally.

It was very hard to read when water was applied as it reduced rapidly.