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ANURU
ARIKSHA

Prasad Singh

by:
Banka Bazai
Cuttack-753002
Mobile: 9337096253

US6I QEI :
lst Edition - 2014
urcqnqsc
Laser Typeset :

SBI Staff Association


Co-op. Ltd, Cuttack

Printed by:
Luxmi0ffset
lnd. Area, Khapuria, Cuttack

Price : Rs. 150/- Only


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Q.Q Thequantumdice
L.I. Ponomarev, Mir Publications, Moscow 1 988
Q . 9 The discovery of sub-atomic particles,
Steven Weinberg, Cambridge University Press, 2003
Q .fl [n search ofUltimate building blocks,
G.'t Hooft , Cambridge University Press, 2000.

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