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1 A local trucking company fitted a regression to relate the travel time (days) of its
shipments as a function of the distance traveled (miles). The fitted regression is
Time = -7.126 + 0.0214 Distance, based on a sample of 20 shipments. The
estimated standard error of the slope is 0.0053. Find the value of tcalc to test for
zero slope.
2.46
5.02
4.04
3.15
2 If the attendance at a baseball game is to be predicted by the equation Attendance
= 16,500 – 75 Temperature, what would be the predicted attendance if
Temperature is 90 degrees?
6,750
9,750
12,250
10, 020
3 A researcher’s results are shown below using Femlab (labor force participation
rate among females) to try to predict Cancer (death rate per 100,000 population
due to cancer) in the 50 U.S. states.
4 Mary used a sample of 68 large U.S. cities to estimate the relationship between
Crime (annual property crimes per 100,000 persons) and Income (median annual
income per capita, in dollars). Her estimated regression equation was Crime = 428
+ 0.050 Income. If Income decreases by 1000, we would expect that Crime will:
increase by 428.
decrease by 50.
increase by 500.
remain unchanged.
1 A lottery ticket has a grand prize of $34 million. The probability of winning the
grand prize is .000000025.
Determine the expected value of the lottery ticket. (Round your answer to 3
decimal places.)
Would you pay $1 for a ticket?
Write the probability of each italicized event in symbols (e.g., P(X ≥ 5).
(a) At least 5 correct answers on a 20-question quiz (X = number of correct
answers).
P(X ≥ 5)
P(X < 5) P(X ≤ 5) P(X > 5)
(c) At most 8 no-shows at a party where 24 guests were invited (X = number of no-
shows).
P(X ≥ 8)
P(X < 8) P(X > 8)
P(X ≤ 8)
14 As a birthday gift, you are mailing a new personal digital assistant (PDA) to
your cousin in Toledo. The PDA cost $446. There is a 4 percent chance it will be
lost or damaged in the mail. Is it worth $4 to insure the mailing?
14 As a birthday gift, you are mailing a new personal digital assistant (PDA) to
your cousin in Toledo. The PDA cost $446. There is a 4 percent chance it will be
lost or damaged in the mail. Is it worth $4 to insure the mailing?
What is the probability that none can transact business in a foreign language?
(Round your answer to 4 decimal places.)
What is the probability that at least two can transact business in a foreign
language? (Round your answer to 4 decimal places.)
What is the probability that all 11 can transact business in a foreign language?
(Round your answer to 10 decimal places.)
On average, 50 percent of U.S. beer drinkers order light beer.
What is the probability that none of the next eight customers who order beer will
order light beer? (Round your answer to 4 decimal places.)
What is the probability that one of the next eight customers who order beer will
order light beer? (Round your answer to 4 decimal places.)
What is the probability that two of the next eight customers who order beer will
order light beer? (Round your answer to 4 decimal places.)
What is the probability that fewer than three of the next eight customers who order
beer will order light beer? (Round your answer to 4 decimal places.)
17 Car security alarms go off at a mean rate of 3.3 per hour in a large Costco
parking lot.
Find the probability that in an hour there will be (Round your answers to 4 decimal
places.)
18 Past insurance company audits have found that 3 percent of dependents claimed
on an employee’s health insurance actually are ineligible for health benefits. An
auditor examines a random sample of 7 claimed dependents.
What is the probability that all are eligible? (Round your answer to 4 decimal
places.)
What is the probability that at least one is ineligible? (Round your answer to 4
decimal places.)
3 The exponential distribution describes the number of arrivals per unit of time.
True
False
7 If arrivals occur at a mean rate of 3.6 events per hour, the exponential probability
of waiting less than 0.5 hour for the next arrival is:
.7122.
.8105.
.8347.
.7809.
8 Bob’s z-score for the last exam was 1.52 in Prof. Axolotl’s class BIO 417, “Life
Cycle of the Ornithorhynchus.” Bob said, “Oh, good, my score is in the top 10
percent.” Assuming a normal distribution of scores, is Bob right?
Yes.
No.
Must have n to answer.
9 The lengths of brook trout caught in a certain Colorado stream are normally
distributed with a mean of 14 inches and a standard deviation of 3 inches. The first
quartile for the lengths of brook trout would be:
16.01 inches.
11.00 inches.
11.98 inches.
10.65 inches.
10 The lengths of brook trout caught in a certain Colorado stream are normally
distributed with a mean of 14 inches and a standard deviation of 3 inches. What
lower limit should the State Game Commission set on length if it is desired that 80
percent of the catch may be kept by fishers?
12.80 inches
11.48 inches
12.00 inches
9.22 inches
11 Chlorine concentration in a municipal water supply is a uniformly distributed
random variable that ranges between 0.61 ppm and 0.95 ppm.
What is the mean chlorine concentration? (Round your answer to 2 decimal
places.)
Calculate the standard deviation? (Round your answer to 4 decimal places.)
What is the probability that the chlorine concentration will exceed 0.75 ppm on a
given day? (Round your answer to 4 decimal places.)
What is the probability that the chlorine concentration will be under 0.63 ppm?
(Round your answer to 4 decimal places.)
What is the probability that the chlorine concentration will be between 0.80 ppm
and 0.94 ppm? (Round your answer to 4 decimal places.)
12
The fracture strength of a certain type of manufactured glass is normally
distributed with a mean of 503 MPa with a standard deviation of 13 MPa.
(a) What is the probability that a randomly chosen sample of glass will break at
less than 503 MPa? (Round your answer to 2 decimal places.)
What is the probability that a randomly chosen sample of glass will break at more
than 519 Mpa? (Round your answer to 4 decimal places.)
What is the probability that a randomly chosen sample of glass will break at less
than 528 MPa? (Round your answer to 4 decimal places.)
13 If the weight (in grams) of cereal in a box of Lucky Charms is N(470,5), what is
the probability that the box will contain less than the advertised weight of 453 gm?
Note: You may need to use Excel to calculate the exact probabilities. (Round your
answer to 5 decimal places.)
14 The amount of fill in a half-liter (500 ml) soft drink bottle is normally
distributed. The process has a standard deviation of 2.0 ml. The mean is adjustable.
Where should the mean be set to ensure a 90 percent probability that a half-liter
bottle will not be underfilled? (Round your answer to 2 decimal places.)
Where should the mean be set to ensure a 95 percent probability that a half-liter
bottle will not be underfilled? (Round your answer to 2 decimal places.)
Where should the mean be set to ensure a 99.0 percent probability that a half-liter
bottle will not be underfilled? (Round your answer to 2 decimal places.)
15
Automobile warranty claims for engine mount failure in a Troppo Malo 2000 SE
are rare at a certain dealership, occurring at a mean rate of 0.11 claim per month.
(a) What is the probability that the dealership will wait at least 4 months until the
next claim? (Round your answer to 4 decimal places.)
What is the probability that the dealership will wait at least a year? (Round your
answer to 4 decimal places.)
What is the probability that the dealership will wait at least 2 year? (Round your
answer to 4 decimal places.)
What is the probability that the dealership will wait at least 4 months but not more
than 1 year? (Round your answer to 4 decimal places.)
9 Categorical data have values that are described by words rather than numbers.
True
False
11 The number of planes per day that land at an airport is an example of discrete
data.
True
False
3 A trimmed mean may be preferable to a mean when a data set has extreme
values.
True
False
5 In a left-skewed distribution, we expect that the median will be greater than the
mean.
True
False
6 Referring to this graph of ice cream fat content, the second quartile is about 61.
True
False
7 In calculating the sample variance, the sum of the squared deviations around the
mean is divided by n – 1 to avoid underestimating the unknown population
variance.
True
False
9 If samples are from a normal distribution with μ = 100 and σ = 10, we expect:
about 68 percent of the data within 90 to 110.
almost all the data within 80 to 120.
about 95 percent of the data within 70 to 130.
about half the data to exceed 75.
2 The fuel economy of a 2011 Lexus RX 350 2WD 6 cylinder 3.5 L automatic
5−speed using premium fuel is a normally distributed random variable with a mean
of μ = 21.5 MPG and a standard deviation of σ = 2.75 MPG.
What is the standard error of , the mean from a random sample of 9 fill−ups by one
driver? (Round your answer to 4 decimal places.)
Within what interval would you expect the sample mean to fall, with 95 percent
probability? (Round your answers to 4 decimal places.)
Concerns about climate change and CO2 reduction have initiated the commercial
production of blends of biodiesel (e.g., from renewable sources) and petrodiesel
(from fossil fuel). Random samples of 32 blended fuels are tested in a lab to
ascertain the bio/total carbon ratio.
(a) If the true mean is 0.913 with a standard deviation of 0.004, within what
interval will 98 percent of the sample means fall? (Round your answers to 4
decimal places.)
(b) If the true mean is 0.913 with a standard deviation of 0.004, what is the
sampling distribution of ?
6 Find a confidence interval for μ assuming that each sample is from a normal
population. (Round the value of t to 3 decimal places and your final answers to 2
decimal places.)
= 23, s = 2, n = 7, 90 percent confidence.
(b) = 40, s = 4, n = 16, 99 percent confidence.
(c) = 116, s = 11, n = 26, 95 percent confidence.
4 Compared to using α = .01, choosing α = .001 will make it less likely that a true
null hypothesis will be rejected.
True
False
7 If we desire α = .10, then a p-value of .13 would lead us to reject the null
hypothesis.
True
False
8 The p-value is the probability of the sample result (or one more extreme)
assuming H0 is true.
True
False
9 A null hypothesis is rejected when the calculated p-value is less than the critical
value of the test statistic.
True
False
10 In a right-tailed test, the null hypothesis is rejected when the value of the test
statistic exceeds the critical value.
True
False
11 The critical value of a hypothesis test is based on the researcher’s selected level
of significance.
True
False
12 If the null and alternative hypotheses are H0: μ ≤ 100 and H1: μ > 100, the test
is right-tailed.
True
False
14 In the hypothesis H0: π = π0, the value of π0 is derived from the sample.
True
False
15 For a given sample size, when we increase the probability of Type I error, the
probability of a Type II error:
remains unchanged.
increases.
decreases.
is impossible to determine without more information.
The sodium content of a popular sports drink is listed as 230 mg in a 32-oz bottle.
Analysis of 13 bottles indicates a sample mean of 238.3 mg with a sample standard
deviation of 20.9 mg.
(a) State the hypotheses for a two-tailed test of the claimed sodium content.
H0: µ ≥ 230 vs. H1: < 230 H0: µ ≤ 230 vs. H1: > 230
H0: µ = 230 vs. H1: µ ≠ 230
Calculate the t test statistic to test the manufacturer’s claim. (Round your answer to
4 decimal places.)
At the 2 percent level of significance (α = 0.02) does the sample contradict the
manufacturer’s claim?
Use Excel to find the p-value and compare it to the level of significance. (Round
your answer to 4 decimal places.)
Did you come to the same conclusion as you did in part (c)?
A digital camcorder repair service has set a goal not to exceed an average of 5
working days from the time the unit is brought in to the time repairs are completed.
A random sample of 12 repair records showed the following repair times (in days):
9, 9, 5, 6, 5, 7, 6, 3, 7, 9, 8, 4.
(a) H0: μ ≤ 5 days versus H1: μ > 5 days. At α = .05, choose the right option.
Reject H0 if tcalc < 1.7960 Reject H0 if tcalc >1.7960
2 The least squares regression line is obtained when the sum of the squared
residuals is minimized.
True
False
3. In least-squares regression, the residuals e1, e2, . . . , en will always have a zero
mean.
True
False
4. If R2 = .36 in the model Sales = 268 + 7.37 Ads, then Ads explains 36 percent
of the variation in Sales.
True
False
5. The ordinary least squares regression line always passes through the point .
True
False
7. The total sum of squares (SST) will never exceed the regression sum of squares
(SSR).
True
False
10. The coefficient of determination is the percentage of the total variation in the
response variable Y that is explained by the predictor X.
True
False
11. The regression equation NetIncome = 2,417 + 0.0414 Revenue was estimated
from a sample of 100 leading world companies (variables are in millions of
dollars).
Calculate the residual for the x, y pair ($45,753, $4,901). (Negative value should
be indicated by a minus sign. Round your answer to 4 decimal places.)
12.(a2) Did the regression equation underestimate or overestimate the net income?
13. (b1) Calculate the residual for the x, y pair ($63,293, $4,070).(Negative value
should be indicated by a minus sign. Round your answer to 4 decimal places.)
14. (b2) Did the regression equation underestimate or overestimate the net income?
The regression equation overestimated the net income.
The regression equation underestimated the net income.
3 A trimmed mean may be preferable to a mean when a data set has extreme
values.
True
False
5 In calculating the sample variance, the sum of the squared deviations around the
mean is divided by n – 1 to avoid underestimating the unknown population
variance.
True
False
8
A biometric security device using fingerprints erroneously refuses to admit 2 in
1,200 authorized persons from a facility containing classified information. The
device will erroneously admit 2 in 1,010,000 unauthorized persons. Assume that
95 percent of those who seek access are authorized.
If the alarm goes off and a person is refused admission, what is the probability that
the person was really authorized? (Round your answer to 5 decimal places.)
10 The probability of the union of two events P(A or B) can exceed one.
True
False
13 If events A and B are mutually exclusive, the joint probability of the events is
zero.
True
False
17
Half of a set of the parts are manufactured by machine A and half by machine B.
Ten percent of all the parts are defective. One percent of the parts manufactured on
machine A are defective.
Find the probability that a part was manufactured on machine A, given that the part
is defective. (Round your answer to 4 decimal places.)
18
Car security alarms go off at a mean rate of 2.8 per hour in a large Costco parking
lot.
Find the probability that in an hour there will be (Round your answers to 4 decimal
places.)
19 Past insurance company audits have found that 1 percent of dependents claimed
on an employee’s health insurance actually are ineligible for health benefits. An
auditor examines a random sample of 8 claimed dependents.
(a) What is the probability that all are eligible? (Round your answer to 4 decimal
places.)
What is the probability that at least one is ineligible? (Round your answer to 4
decimal places.)
20 Which model best describes the number of incorrect fare quotations by a well-
trained airline ticket agent between 2 p.m. and 3 p.m. on a particular Thursday.
Binomial
Poisson
Hypergeometric
Geometric
24 The mean, median, and mode of a normal distribution will always be the same.
True
False
25 A machine dispenses water into a glass. Assuming that the amount of water
dispensed follows a continuous uniform distribution from 10 ounces to 16 ounces,
the average amount of water dispensed by the machine is:
12 ounces.
13 ounces.
14 ounces.
16 ounces.
26 A machine dispenses water into a glass. Assuming that the amount of water
dispensed follows a continuous uniform distribution from 10 ounces to 16 ounces,
what is the probability that 13 or more ounces will be dispensed in a given glass?
.1666
.3333
.5000
.6666
28
Automobile warranty claims for engine mount failure in a Troppo Malo 2000 SE
are rare at a certain dealership, occurring at a mean rate of 0.12 claim per month.
What is the probability that the dealership will wait at least 6 months until the next
claim? (Round your answer to 4 decimal places.)
What is the probability that the dealership will wait at least a year? (Round your
answer to 4 decimal places.)
What is the probability that the dealership will wait at least 2 year? (Round your
answer to 4 decimal places.)
What is the probability that the dealership will wait at least 6 months but not more
than 1 year? (Round your answer to 4 decimal places.)
31 Of the patients of a hospital, 40% of the redhead have had skin cancer, and 10%
of the non-redhead have had skin cancer. Also 20% of the patients are redheads.
Patient Lee has skin cancer, then what is the probability that he is a redhead?
32. A gambler has in his pocket “two” fair coins and “two” two-headed coin. He
selects one of the coins at random; when he flips it, it shows heads. What is the
probability that it is a fair coin?
2The sum of all the probabilities of simple events in a sample space equals one.
True
False
3The general law of addition for probabilities says P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A
∩ B)
True
False
4Two events A and B are independent if P(A | B) is the same as P(A).
True
False
5 If events A and B are mutually exclusive, the joint probability of the events is
zero.
True
False
6 If P(A) = 0.50, P(B) = 0.30, and P(A ∩ B) = 0.15, then A and B are independent
events.
True
False
If the alarm goes off and a person is refused admission, what is the probability that
the person was really authorized? (Round your answer to 5 decimal places.)
(a) What is the probability that none can transact business in a foreign language?
(Round your answer to 4 decimal places.)
(b) What is the probability that at least two can transact business in a foreign
language? (Round your answer to 4 decimal places.)
(c) What is the probability that all 11 can transact business in a foreign language?
(Round your answer to 10 decimal places.)
12 Car security alarms go off at a mean rate of 3.0 per hour in a large Costco
parking lot.
Find the probability that in an hour there will be (Round your answers to 4 decimal
places.)
(a) What is the probability that a randomly chosen sample of glass will break at
less than 541 MPa? (Round your answer to 2 decimal places.)
What is the probability that a randomly chosen sample of glass will break at more
than 565 Mpa? (Round your answer to 4 decimal places.)
What is the probability that a randomly chosen sample of glass will break at less
than 579 MPa? (Round your answer to 4 decimal places.)
17
Jim’s systolic blood pressure is a random variable with a mean of 140 mmHg and a
standard deviation of 12 mmHg. For Jim’s age group, 140 is the threshold for high
blood pressure.
(a) If Jim’s systolic blood pressure is taken at a randomly chosen moment, what is
the probability that it will be 130 or less? (Round the value of z to 2 decimals. Use
Appendix C-2 to find probabilities. Round your final answer to 4 decimals.)
(b) If Jim’s systolic blood pressure is taken at a randomly chosen moment, what is
the probability that it will be 173 or more? (Round the value of z to 2 decimals.
Use Appendix C-2 to find probabilities. Round your final answer to 4 decimals.)
(c) If Jim’s systolic blood pressure is taken at a randomly chosen moment, what is
the probability that it will be between 111 and 160? (Round the value of z to 2
decimals. Use Appendix C-2 to find probabilities. Round your final answer to 4
decimals.)
2 The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) requires that cities monitor over 80
contaminants in their drinking water. Samples from the Lake Huron Water
Treatment Plant gave the results shown here. Only the range is reported, not the
mean (presumably the mean would be the midrange).
(d) Describe how the intervals change as you increase the confidence level.
The interval gets narrower as the confidence level increases.
The interval gets wider as the confidence level increases.
The interval stays the same as the confidence level increases.
The interval gets wider as the confidence level decreases.
7.
The city fuel economy of a 2009 Toyota 4Runner 2WD 6 cylinder 4 L automatic 5-
speed using regular gas is a normally distributed random variable with a range 26
MPG to 31 MPG.
(a) Estimate the standard deviation using Method 3 (the Empirical Rule for a
normal distribution). (Round your answer to 4 decimal places.)
What sample size is needed to estimate the mean with 90 percent confidence and
an error of ± 0.25 MPG? (Enter your answer as a whole number (no decimals). Use
a z-value taken to three decimal places in your calculations.)
GreenBeam Ltd. claims that its compact fluorescent bulbs average no more than
3.6 mg of mercury. A sample of 25 bulbs shows a mean of 3.65 mg of mercury.
1 (a) State the hypotheses for a right-tailed test, using GreenBeam’s claim as the
null hypothesis about the mean.
Assuming a known standard deviation of 0.16 mg, calculate the z test statistic to
test the manufacturer’s claim. (Round your answer to 2 decimal places.)
At the 10 percent level of significance (α = 0.1) does the sample exceed the
manufacturer’s claim?
Find the p-value. (Round your answer to 4 decimal places.)
At the 5 percent level of significance, is the true mean smaller than the
specification? Clearly state your hypotheses and decision rule.
Suppose a follow-up survey showing that 50 of 400 persons now rate Pepsi as
being “concerned with my health”, calculate the z statistic. (Round your answer to
3 decimal places.)
At α = 0.05, would a follow-up survey showing that 50 of 400 persons now rate
Pepsi as being “concerned with my health” provide sufficient evidence that the
percentage has increased?