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List of symbol…………………………………………2
Learning Objectives…………………………………5
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Experiment method and results……………...5
Discussion of results………………………………6
INTRODUCTION
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A transformer basically is very simple static (or stationary) electro-magnetic passive
electrical device that works on the principle of Faraday’s law of induction by converting
electrical energy from one value to another. The word transformer comes from the word
“transform”, the transformer is not an energy conversion device, but is a device that
changes AC electrical power at one voltage level into AC power at another voltage level
through the action of magnetic field, without change in frequency and it can be either to
step up or step down. The transformer does this by linking together two or more electrical
circuits using a common oscillating magnetic circuit which is produced by the transformer
itself. A transformer operates on the principals of “electromagnetic induction”, in the form
of Mutual Induction. Mutual induction is the process by which a coil of wire magnetically
induces a voltage into another coil located in close proximity to it.
Background theorem
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TRANSFOMER WORKING OPARATION
As shown above the electrical transformer has primary and secondary windings. The core
laminations are joined in the form of strips in between the strips you can see that there are
some narrow gaps right through the cross-section of the core. These staggered joints are
said to be ‘imbricated’. Both the coils have high mutual inductance. A mutual electro-motive
force is induced in the transformer from the alternating flux that is set up in the laminated
core, due to the coil that is connected to a source of alternating voltage. Most of the
alternating flux developed by this coil is linked with the other coil and thus produces the
mutual induced electro-motive force. The so produced electro-motive force can be
explained with the help of Faraday’s laws of Electromagnetic Induction as
e=M*dI/dt
If the second coil circuit is closed, a current flow in it and thus electrical energy is
transferred magnetically from the first to the second coil. The alternating current supply is
given to the first coil and hence it can be called as the primary winding. The energy is
drawn out from the second coil and thus can be called as the secondary winding.
LEANING OUTCOMES
Understand the principle and the nature of a static machines of transformer’s
Perform an analysis on transformers which their principles are basic to the
understanding of electrical machines.
Understand the construction and how to overcome unwanted losses
METHOD USED
When knowing the rating S(kVA) rating and the supply voltage with the power of the bulb
empowers you to calculate the current that is drawn by the bulb we were told to use a
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center tap transformer and stepping up the voltage on a load by that we took the normal
primary side which a low voltage side connect it on a source and the normal primary side
connect it on a load, the calculations were as follows and since we know the voltages
supply voltage
RESULTS TABLE
The supplied voltage on the primary side more like the voltage on the secondary side in
respect to the turns ratio, we did not get the calculated results exactly because of core
losses and the efficiency of a transformer and lastly the age of transformers used resulted
not giving us good results because they are old when we were calculating we didn’t
consider those.
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Figure showing voltmeter and power reading
CONCLUSION
This experiment thought me a lot on how to a transformer is constructed and its operation
in order to meet the experiment requirement. We also got the chance to prove the
significance of what we’ve been learning in our theory classes. This experiment gave us
more background understanding on how the transformer operates when connected a bulb
the importance on cores on a transformer as we were shown how magnetic field behave
using a right hand rule and their polarity used for electro magnet.
REFERENCE
Rashid M.H (Editor), Power Electronic Handbook, San Diego: Academic press,
2001.895p.ISBN:
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