Classical Mechanics JEST 2012-2017 PDF

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Classical Mechanics
JEST-2012
Q1. For small angular displacement (i.e., sin    ), a simple pendulum oscillates
harmonically. For larger displacements, the motion
(a) becomes a periodic
(b) remains periodic with the same period
(c) remains periodic with a higher period
(d) remains periodic with a lower period
Ans.: (c)
Q2. A planet orbits a massive star in a highly elliptical orbit, i.e., the total orbital energy E is
close to zero. The initial distance of closest approach is R0 . Energy is dissipated through
tidal motions until the orbit is circularized with a final radius of R f . Assume that orbital
angular momentum is conserved during the circularization process. then

R0
(a) R f  (b) R f  R0 (c) R f  2R0 (d) R f  2 R0
2
Ans. : (d)
1 2 J2 GMm
Solution: For elliptically motion E  mr  2

2 2mr r
E  0 and closest approach is R0 , at R0  r  0
J2 GMm J2 GMm
0 0 2
  2
  J 2  2GMm 2 R0
2mR0 R0 2 MR0 R0
From condition of circular orbit
J2 V J2 2GMm 2 R0 GMm
 f r     
GMm
   R f  2 R0
mR 3f r mR 3f R 2f mR 3f R 2f
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Q3. A binary system consists of two stars of equal mass m orbiting each other in a circular
orbit under the influence of gravitational forces. The period of the orbit is T . At t  0 ,
the motion is stopped and the stars are allowed to fall towards each other. After what time
t , expressed in terms of T , do they collide?
x 2 dx x   x 
   x2

2
  x 2  sin 1 
2  

  
(a) 2 (b) (c) (d)
2 2 2 4 2
Ans. : (d)
d 2x GMm d 2x GM A
Solution: m 2   2  2   2   2
dt x dt x x
dv  A dx d  v2  d  A  v2 A
v  2         C
dt x dt dt  2  dt  x  2 x
A
when x  R , v  0 , then c  
R
v2 A A 1 1 dx 2A R  x
   v  2A   
2 x R x R dt R x
0 t
x 2A

R Rx
dx  
0
R
dt
Put x  u 2  dx  2udu and x  0, u  0 and also, x  R, u  R

0
u u 
0 t
2u 2 2A R 2A
 R  u2
du  
0
R
dt  2 
2
R  u 2  sin 1
2 
R R

R
t
R
 R R 1 R  2A R 2A
 2  RR  sin  t  2  sin 1 1  t
 2 2 R R 2 R
2A R  R R
t  2   t  
R 2 2 2 2A
1 R 3 2
t (1)
2 2 GM
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mv 2
GMm GM 2 R 4 2 R 2 GM 4 2 R 3
and   v 2
  v      2
R R2 R  2 R GM
R 3 2 R 3 2 
 2   (2)
GM GM 2
1  
From (1) and (2), t  
2 22 4 2
Q4. In a certain intertial frame two light pulses are emitted at point 5 km apart and separated
in time by 5  s . An observer moving at a speed V along the line joining these points
notes that the pulses are simultaneous. Therefore V is
(a) 0.7 c (b) 0.8c (c) 0.3c (d) 0.9 c
Ans. : (c)
Solution: t  0 , t 2  t1  5s , x 2  x1  5km , v  V
 V   V 
t 2   2  x 2 t1   2  x1
t 2  t1  C   C 
2
V V2
1 2 1 2
C C
 
t 2  t1   C 2  x 2  x1 
V
V
  0  5  10 6  2  5  10 3  0
V2 C
1 2
C
6
V 5  10
 2   10 9  V  3 108  C 109  0.3c
C 5  10 3
Q5. A jet of gas consists of molecules of mass m , speed v and number density n all moving
co-linearly. This jet hits a wall at an angle  to the normal. The pressure exerted on the
wall by the jet assuming elastic collision will be
(a) p  2mnv 2 cos 2  (b) p  2mnv 2 cos 
(c) p  3 / 2mnv cos 2  (d) p  mnv 2

Ans.: (a)
Solution: Change in momentum along y - direction will be cancelled out
 Change in momentum along x  direction, p  2mv cos 
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p
Force t p p pv cos 
Pressure     
Area A A. t L A. L
A
v cos 
2mv cos   v cos  N  N
Pressure p  ,   n   , V  Area  L  A  L  ,
V  V 
p   2mnv 2 cos 2 
Q6. If the coordinate q and the momentum p form a canonical pair  q, p  , which one of the
sets given below also forms a canonical?

(a)  q,  p  
(b) q 2 , p 2  (c)  p,  q  
(d) q 2 ,  p 2 
Ans.: (c)
Solution: For canonical pair  p,  q 
p   q    p   q 
     0   1  1
q p p q
Q7. A girl measures the period of a simple pendulum inside a stationary lift and finds it to be
g
T seconds. If the lift accelerates upward with an acceleration , then the time period
4
will be
T 2T
(a) T (b) (c) (d) 2T 5
4 5
Ans.: (c)
l
Solution: T  2
g
Since, lift accelerated upward, then
l l l l 2 2T
T   2  2  2  4  2  
g  g g
g 5g g 5 5
4
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JEST-2013
Q8. In an observer’s rest frame, a particle is moving towards the observer with an energy E
and momentum P . If c denotes the velocity of light in vacuum, the energy of the
particle in another frame moving in the same direction as particle with a constant velocity
v is
(a)
 E  vP  (b)
 E  vP  (c)
 E  vP  (d)
 E  vP 
1 v / c 1 v / c
2 2
2 2
1   v / c 2  1   v / c 2 
   
Ans.: (a)
vx x v v
t   2x x x
Solution: t   c  x  c c  x 
2
c  x  ct , x  ct 
v 2 c v 2
v2
1 2 1 2 1 2
c c c
E
v E
Now x  E , x  E  E   c  E  mc 2 , E  Pc  P  E  E   E  Pv
v2 c v2
1 2 1 2
c c
Q9. The free fall time of a test mass on an object of mass M from a height 2 R to R is
R3 R3 R3 2R 3
(a)  / 2  1 (b) (c)  / 2 (d) 
GM GM GM GM
Ans.: (a)
md 2 r GMm d 2r GM d 2r A
Solution: Equation of motion 2
  2
 2
  2
 2
 2  GM  A
dt r dt r dt r
dv A dr d  v2  d  A v2 A
v  2         C
dt r dt dt  2  dt  r  2 r
when r  2 R, v  0
0 A A v2 A A 2A 2A dr 2A 2R  r
 C  C      v   
2 2R 2R 2 r 2R r 2R dt 2R r
R r A t
2R
2R  r
dr  
R 0
dt
put r  u 2 , dr  2udu when r  2 R, u  2 R , r  R, u  R
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R u A t A R u2
 2R
2R  u 2
 2udu  
R 0
dt  
R
t  2  2 R 2 R  u 2 du
R
A  u 2 R 1 u 
 t  2  2R  u 2  sin 
R  2 2 2R  2R
A  R 2 R 1 R 2R 2R 
 t  2 2R  R  sin  2 R  2 R  R sin 1 
R  2 2 2R 2 2R 
  R R R  R R     R
3
A
 t  2   t    1  t    1  A  GM
R  2 4 2  A 2   2  GM
Q10. Under a Galilean transformation, the coordinates and momenta of any particle or system
      
transform as: t '  t , r '  r  vt and p '  p  mv where v is the velocity of the boosted
frame with respect to the original frame. A unitary operator carrying out these

transformations for a system having total mass M , total momentum P and centre of

mass coordinate X is
       
t / 2 
e i t v .P /  e i M v
2
v.X / 
(a) e i M v . X /  e i t v .P /  (b) e i M
     
t / 2   t / 2  
(d) e i t v . P /  e i M v
2 2
v.X / 
(c) e i M e i t v .P /  e i M v
Ans.: (b)
Q11. A spherical planet of radius R has a uniform density  and does not rotate. If the planet
is made up of some liquid, the pressure at point r from the center is
4 2 G 2 4G 2
(a)
3
R  r 2  (b)
3
R  r 2 
2 2 G 2 G
(c)
3
R  r 2  (d)
2
R 2
 r2 
Ans.: (c)
r
dm  g dm  g
  4 r 2 drGM
Solution: Pressure dp    R3
A 4 r 2 4 r 2
dr
r dm (mass of elementary part )

R
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4 3 r
  4r 2 drG    R 3
 dp  3 R  dp  4  2 Grdr
4r 2
3
R
R 4 2 4 2  r 2  4 2  R 2 r 2 
 dp   r 3
 Grdr  p 
3
 G
 2
  p 
r 3
 G
 2

2


4  2 G 2 2 2
 p
3 2
R  r2  p 
3
 G R 2  r 2 
Q12. A particle of mass m is thrown upward with velocity v and there is retarding air
resistance proportional to the square of the velocity with proportionality constant k . If
the particle attains a maximum height after time t , and g is the gravitational acceleration,
what is the velocity?
 g   g 
(a)
k
tan t  (b) gk tan t 
 k 
g  k 
(c)
g
k
tan  gk t  (d) gk tan  gk t 
Ans.: (c)
mdv dv k dv
Solution: Equation of motion  mg  kv 2   g  v2   dt
dt dt m k 2
g v
m
dv dv m 1 v
   dt     dt   tan 1 t
k k  gm  k gm gm
g  v2   v2 
m m k  k k
mg  kg 
v tan   t 
k  m 
Q13. Consider a uniform distribution of particles with volume density n in a box. The
particles have an isotropic velocity distribution with constant magnitude v . The rate at
which the particles will be emitted from a hole of area A on one side of this box is
A A
(a) nvA (b) nv (c) nv (d) none of the above
2 4
Ans.: (c)
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Q14. If, in a Kepler potential, the pericentre distance of particle in a parabolic orbit is rp while
the radius of the circular orbit with the same angular momentum is rc , then
(a) rc  2rp (b) rc  rp (c) 2rc  rp (d) rc  2rp
Ans.: (a)
l
Solution: Conic equation  1  e cos  for parabola e  1 for circle, e  0 ,   0
r
l l
 1  1,  1  l  2rp , l  rC  2rp  rC
rp rC
Q15. A K meson (with a rest mass of 494 MeV ) at rest decays into a muon (with a rest mass
of 106 MeV ) and a neutrino. The energy of the neutrino, which can be massless, is
approximately
(a) 120 MeV (b) 236 MeV (c) 300 MeV (d) 388 MeV
Ans.: (b)
 494 494 106 106  2
 
mk2  m2 c 2  2  2  2  2 c

c c c c 
Solution: k     , E 
2mk 494
2 2
c
244036  11236
  235.6275  236 MeV
988
Q16. A light beam is propagating through a block of glass with index of refraction n . If the
glass is moving at constant velocity v in the same direction as the beam, the velocity of
the light in the glass block as measured by an observer in the laboratory is approximately
c  1  c  1 
(a) u   v 1  2  (b) u   v 1  2 
n  n  n  n 
c  1  c
(c) u   v1  2  (d) u 
n  n  n
Ans. : (a)
c
v 1
n  v  c  v   c  v v2 
Solution: now u   1     v    1   2 2 
vc  n  cn   n   cn c n 
1 2
c n
v2 v3 c v cv 2 c  1 
v  2 2   2  3  u   v 1  2 
cn c n n cn cn n  n 
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Q17. The period of a simple pendulum inside a stationary lift is T . If the lift accelerates
g
downwards with an acceleration , the period of the pendulum will be
4
T 2T 2T
(a) T (b) (c) (d)
4 3 5
Ans.: (c)
l
Solution: T  2  lift accelerates down wards then
g
l l 4l l 2T
T   2  2  2  2  2  T 
g  g g
g 3g 3g 3
4
Q18. The velocity of a particle at which the kinetic energy is equal to its rest energy is (in
terms of c , the speed of light in vacuum)
(a) 3c / 2 (b) 3c / 4 (c) 3 / 5c (d) c / 2
Ans.: (a)
Solution: K .E  mc 2  m0 c 2 , rest mass energy  m0 c 2
K .E.  rest mass energy

mc 2  m0 c 2  m0 c 2  mc 2  2m0 c 2
m0 1  v2  v2 3
c 2  2m0 c 2   2  41  2   1  4 2  3  v  c
v2 v2  c  c 2
1 1
c2 c2
Q19. 
If the Poisson bracket  x, p  1 , then the Poisson bracket x 2  p, p is ? 
(a) 2 x (b) 2 x (c) 1 (d) 1
Ans.: (a)
   
Solution: x 2  p, p  x 2 , p  p, p  xx, p  x, px  0  x  1   1 x  2 x
Q20. The coordinate transformation x  0.8 x  0.6 y, y  0.6 x  0.8 y represents

(a) a translation (b) a proper rotation
(c) a reflection (d) none of the above
Ans.: (b)
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Q21. A small mass M hangs from a thin string and can swing like a pendulum. It is attached
above the window of a car. When the car is at rest, the string hangs vertically. The angle
made by the string with the vertical when the car has a constant acceleration a  1.2 m / s 2
is approximately
(a) 10 (b) 70 (c) 150 (d) 900
Ans.: (b)
a a  1.2 
Solution: T sin   ma , T cos   mg , tan      tan 1  tan 1    6.98  7
0 0
g g  9.8 
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JEST-2014
Q22. A dynamical system with two generalized coordinates q1 and q2 has Lagrangian
L  q12  q 22 . If p1 and p2 are the corresponding generalized momenta, the Hamiltonian

is given by
(a)  p12  p 22  / 4 (b) q12  q 22  / 4 (c)  p12  p 22  / 2 (d)  p1 q1  p 2 q 2  / 4
Ans.: (a)
Solution: H   qi pi  L  q1 p1  q 2 p2  L
L p L p
 p1  2q1  q1  1 and  p 2  2q 2  q 2  2
q1 2 q 2 2
H
p1
 p1 
p2
 p2 
p12 p 22
 H 
p12  p22  
2 2 4 4 4
Q23. In a certain inertial frame two light pulses are emitted, a distance 5 km apart and
separated by 5 s . An observer who is traveling, parallel to the line joining the points
where the pulses are emitted, at a velocity v with respect to this frame notes that the
pulses are simultaneous. Therefore v is
(a) 0.7 c (b) 0.8 c (c) 0.3 c (d) 0.9 c
Ans.: (c)
Solution:  x2  x1   5  103 m, t2  t1  5  106 sec
 v   v   v 
t2   2 x2  t1   2 x1   t2  t1   2  x2  x1  
 t2  t1    c 2    c 2    c
2

v v v
1 2 1 2 1 2
c c c
v
t2  t1  5 106  2
5 103  0  v  0.3c
c
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Q24. A double pendulum consists of two equal masses m suspended by two strings of length l .
What is the Lagrangian of this system for oscillations in a plane? Assume the angles
1 ,  2 made by the two strings are small (you can use cos   1   2 / 2 ).
Note:  0  g / l .
 1 1 
(a) L  ml 2 12  22   0212   02 22 
 2 2 
 1 1 
(b) L  ml 2 12  22  12   0212   02 22 
 2 2 
 1 1 
(c) L  ml 2 12  22  12   0212   02 22 
 2 2 
1 1 
(d) L  ml 2  12  22  12   0212   02 22 
2 2 
Ans.: (b)
Solution: x1  l sin 1 , y1  l cos 1
1 l
x2  x1  l sin  2 y2  y1  l cos  2
x2  l sin 1  l sin  2 , y2  l cos 1  l cos  2
x2  l cos 11  l cos  22 , y 2  l sin 11  l sin  22 2 l
x 22  y 22  l 2 cos 2 112  l 2 cos 2  222  2l 2 cos 11 cos  22  l 2 sin 1212 m
 l 2 sin  2222  2l 2 sin 1 sin  212
 x22  y 22  l 212  l 222  2l 2 cos 1   2  12 also x12  y12  l 212
L  T V 
1
2
 
m x12  y12  x 22  y 22  mgy1  mgy 2
L
1
2
 
m l 212  l 212  l 222  2l 2 cos 1   2  12  2mgl cos 1  mgl cos  2
 1 2 g  12  1 g   22  
 L  ml 2 12  22  12  1    1    cos 1   2   1
 2 2 l  2  2 l  2 
  2 1  2   g g 12 g g  22 
 L  ml 1   2  1 2  
2
  
 2 l l 2 2l 2l 2 
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comparing given options, option (b) is correct i.e.
 1  2 2 1 
L  ml 2  12  22  12  0 1  022 
 2 2 4 
Q25. A monochromatic wave propagates in a direction making an angle 60 o with the x -axis
4c
in the reference frame of source. The source moves at speed v  towards the observer.
5
The direction of the (cosine of angle) wave as seen by the observer is
13 3 13 1
(a) cos    (b) cos    (c) cos    (d) cos   
14 14 6 2
Ans.: (a)
4c c 3
Solution: v  , u x  c cos 60o  , u y  c sin 60o  c
5 2 2
c 4
 c
13c 13
Now u x  2 5   cos  
c 4c 14 14
1  2
2 5c
Q26. The acceleration experienced by the bob of a simple pendulum is
(a) maximum at the extreme positions
(b) maximum at the lowest (central) positions
(c) maximum at a point between the above two positions
(d) same at all positions
Ans.: (a)
Solution: T sin   ma , T cos   mg 
l
T cos
T
a  g tan  at   90 o
T sin 
a is maximum at extreme position. mg
Q27. Consider a Hamiltonian system with a potential energy function is given
by V  x   x 2  x 4 . Which of the following is correct?
(a) The system has one stable point (b) The system has two stable points
(c) The system has three stable points (d) The system has four stable points
Ans.: (a)
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Solution: V  x   x 2  x 4 ,
V
x

 2x  4x3  0  2x 1  2x 2  0  x  
1

, 0
2
 2V  2V 1
 2  12 x 2
  2  12   4  0
dx 2 dx 2 x 
1 2
2
V  2V  2V
For stable point  0 and 0 2 20
x x x x 0
Q28. Two point objects A and B have masses 1000 kg and 3000 kg respectively. They are
initially at rest with a separation equal to 1 m . Their mutual gravitational attraction then
draws them together. How far from A ’s original position will they collide?
1 1 2 3
(a) m (b) m (c) m (d) m
3 2 3 4
Ans.: (d)
Solution: Since gravitational force is conservative, therefore they collide at their centre of mass
m1 x  1  x m2
m1 x 1 x m2
A B
x  31  x   x 
3
1m
4
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JEST-2015
Q29. The distance of a star from the Earth is 4.25 light years, as measured from the Earth. A
space ship travels from Earth to the star at a constant velocity in 4.25 years, according to
the clock on the ship. The speed of the space ship in units of the speed of light is,
1 1 2 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 2 3 3
Ans.: (b)
4.25 4.25
Solution: Proper life-time t0  , t 
c v
t0 4.25 4.25 / c  v2   v2  1
t      2   1  2   v  c
1  v2 / c2 v 1  v2 / c2 c   c  2
Q30. A classical particle with total energy E moves under the influence of a potential
V  x, y   3x 3  2 x 2 y  2 xy 2  y 3 . The average potential energy, calculated over a long
time is equal to,
2E E E 2E
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 3 5 5
Ans.: (d)
n
Solution: If one will use virial theorem, then T 
V . If V  r n according to problem n  3
2
3 2
So, E  T  V  E  V  V  V  E
2 5
But virial theorem is used only for conservative forces.
   
Force conservative   F  0 , where F  V

   
V  x, y   3 x3  2 x 2 y  2 y 2 x  y 3  V  9 x 2  4 xy  2 y 2 iˆ  2 x 2  4 yx  3 y 2 ˆj
 
   F  0 i.e., force is conservative in nature.
Therefore, option (d) is correct.
Q31. A chain of mass M and length L is suspended vertically with its lower end touching a
weighing scale. The chain is released and falls freely onto the scale. Neglecting the size
of the individual links, what is the reading of the scale when a length x of the chain has
fallen?
Mgx 2Mgx 3Mgx 4Mgx
(a) (b) (c) (d)
L L L L
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Ans.: (c)
dp Mgx d  mv  Mgx
Solution: Reading of scale = impulse + actual weight    
dt L dt L
M  dx  Mgx Mv 2 Mgx 2 Mgx Mgx 3Mgx M
   v        v 2  2 gx and m  dx
L  dt  L L L L L L L
Q32. A bike stuntman rides inside a well of frictionless surface given by z  ax 2  y 2  , under

the action of gravity acting in the negative z direction. g   gzˆ . What speed should be
maintain to be able to ride at a constant height z 0 without falling down?
(a) gz 0
(b) 3gz 0
(c) 2 gz 0
(d) The biker will not be able to maintain a constant height, irrespective of speed.
Ans.: (c)

Solution: z  a x 2  y 2 
Using equation of constrain, we must solve the given system in cylindrical co-ordinate.
z  ar 2 , z  2arr  L 
1
2
 
m r 2  r 2   z 2  mgz
1
  1
 
 L  m r 2  r 2   4a 2 r 2 r 2  mgar 2  m  r 2 1  4a 2 r 2  r 2  2   mgar 2
2 2
Equation of motion
d  L  L
  0
dt  r  r
 mr1  4a 2 r 2   mr 2 4a 2 r  mr 2  2mgar  0
At z  z0 , r  0, r  r0 , so, mr0 2  2mgar0
v
 2  2 ga    2 ga ,  2 ga , v  2 ga  r0
r0
1/ 2
z 
v  2 ga   0 
a
 2 gz0  z 0  ar02 
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Q33. The Lagrangian of a particle is given by L  q 2  qq . Which of the following statements
is true?
(a) This is a free particle
(b) The particle is experiencing velocity dependent damping
(c) The particle is executing simple harmonic motion
(d) The particle is under constant acceleration.
Ans.: (a)
L d  L 
Solution:  L  q 2  qq   2q  q     2q  q
q dt  q 
d  L  L
   0
dt  q  q
d 2q dq
 2q  q  q  0  2q  0  2
0   C  q  Ct  
dt dt
Q34. How is your weight affected if the Earth suddenly doubles in radius, mass remaining the
same?
(a) Increases by a factor of 4 (b) Increases by a factor of 2
(c) Decreases by a factor of 4 (d) Decreases by a factor of 2
Ans.: (c)
GM GM W
Solution: W  m  and W   m  W 
 2R 
2 2
R 4
Q35. A spring of force constant k is stretched by x . It takes twice as much work to stretch a
x
second spring by . The force constant of the second spring is,
2
(a) k (b) 2k (c) 4k (d) 8k
Ans.: (d)
1
Solution: The relation between energy and maximum displacement is E  k1 A2
2
2
1 x 1  x 1
For A  x ; E1  k1 x 2 and for A  ; E1  k2    k2 x 2
2 2 2  2 8
1 1
 E2  2 E1  k2 x 2  2  k1 x 2  k2  8k1  k2  8k
8 2
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JEST-2016
Q36. A hoop of radius a rotates with constant angular velocity  about the
vertical axis as shown in the figure. A bead of mass m can slide on the
hoop without friction. If g   2 a at what angle  apart from 0 and 
a
d d 2
is the bead stationary (i.e.,  2  0 )?
dt dt

g g
(a) tan   (b) sin  
 2a  2a
g g
(c) cos   (d) tan  
 a2
 2 a
Ans.: (c)
Solution: The Lagrangian of the system is
L
1 2 2
2
 
ma   sin 2 2  mga cos 
The equation of motion is,

d  L   L 
  
2  2 
  0  ma   ma sin  cos   mga sin   0
dt      
2

When bead is stationary, then
d d 2
dt
 
 2  0  ma 2 sin  cos 2  mga sin   0 ,
dt
g
    and g   2 a , then cos   2
 a
Q37. The central force which results in the orbit r  a 1  cos   for a particle is proportional
to:
(a) r (b) r 2 (c) r 2 (d) None o the above
Ans.: (c)
1 1 du sin 
Solution: r  a 1  cos    u    
r a 1  cos   d a 1  cos  2
d 2u sin 2  cos 
and  2 
d a 1  cos   a 1  cos  
2 3 2
If J is angular momentum and m is mass of particle
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2  2 
J d u 1
  2 u  f  
m  d  u
J 2  d 2u  J 2  2sin 2  cos  1  1
   2 u       f  
m  d  m  a 1  cos   a 1  cos  
3 2
a 1  cos    u
 
J 2  1  cos 2  cos  1  1
  2    f  
m  a 1  cos   a 1  cos  
3 2
a 1  cos    u
 
1 1  au
Put u  , cos   and solving we get
a 1  cos   au
1
f    u 2 so f  r   r 2
u
Q38. Light takes approximately 8 minutes to travel from the Sun to the Earth. Suppose in the
frame of the Sun an event occurs at t  0 at the Sun and another event occurs on Earth at
t  1 minute. The velocity of the inertial frame in which both these events are
simultaneous is:
c
(a) with the velocity vector pointing from Earth to Sun
8
c
(b) with the velocity vector pointing from Sun to Earth
8
(c) The events can never be simultaneous - no such frame exists
2
1
(d) c 1    with velocity vector Pointing from to Earth
8
Ans.: (a)
Solution: x2  x1  c  8  60 , t2  t1  60
vx vx
t2  22 t1  21
t2  t1  0  c  c  0  t   t   v  x  x    0
2 1 2 1
v 2
v2 c2
1 2 1 2
c c
v v c
t2  t1  2  x2  x1   0  60  2 c  8  60  0  v  
c c 8
c
Negative sign indicate frame is moving with the velocity vector pointing from Earth to
8
Sun.
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Q39. For the coupled system shown in the figure, the normal coordinates are x1  x2 and
x1  x2 corresponding to the normal frequencies 0 and 30 respectively.

x1 x2
k k k
m m
At t  0 , the displacements are x1  A , x2  0 , and the velocities are v1  v2  0 . The
displacement of the second particle at time t is given by:
(a) x2  t  
A
2

cos 0t   cos  30t  (b) x2  t  
A
2

cos 0t   cos  30t 
(c) x2  t  
A
2

sin 0t   sin  30t  (d) x2  t  
A

2
sin 0t  
1
3
sin  
30t 


Ans.: (b)
Solution: Using boundary condition at t  0 , x2  0 and v2  0
Only x2  t  
A
2
 
cos 0t   cos 30t will satisfied 
Q40. A cylindrical shell of mass m has an outer radius b and an inner radius a . The moment
of inertia of the shell about the axis of the cylinder is:
(a)
1
2

m b2  a 2  (b)
1
2

m b2  a 2  
(c) m b 2  a 2  
(d) m b 2  a 2 
Ans.: (b)
 
b m b m 2
Solution:  x 2 dm   x 2 xdx  b  a2
2
a 
 b a 2 2
 a 2
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JEST 2017
Q41. A bead of mass M slides along a parabolic wire described by z  2  x 2  y 2  . The wire
rotates with angular velocity  about the z - axis. At what value of  does the bead
maintain a constant nonzero height under the action of gravity along  ẑ ?
(a) 3g (b) g (c) 2g (d) 4g
Ans. : (d)
Solution: L 
1
2
  1
   
m r 2  r 2 2  16r 2 r 2  2mgr 2  L  m r 2 1  16r 2  r 2 2  2mgr 2
2
The equation of motion is given by
d  L  L
 
dt  r  r
 
 0  mr 1  16r 2  16mr 2 r  mr 2  4mgr  0
At equilibrium, r  r0 , r  0, 
r 0
So,  mr0 2  4mgr0  0      4 g
Q42.  Q1 , Q2 , P1 , P2  and  q1 , q2 , p1 , p2  are two sets of canonical coordinates, where Qi and qi
are the coordinates and Pi and pi are the corresponding conjugate momenta. If P1  q2
and P2  p1 , then which of the following relations is true?
(a) Q1  q1 , Q2  p2 (b) Q1  p2 , Q2  q1
(c) Q1   p2 , Q2  q1 (d) Q1  q1 , Q2   p2
Ans. : (c)
Solution: From the symmetry Q1   p2 , Q2  q1
Q43. 0  x  and 1  x  are respectively are orthonormal wavefunctions of the ground and first
excited states of a one dimensional simple harmonic oscillator. Consider the normalised
wave function   x   c00  x   c11  x  , where c0 and c1 are real. For what values of c0
and c1 will   x  x   x  be maximized?
(a) c0  c1  1/ 2 (b) c0  c1  1/ 2
(c) c0   3 / 2, c1  1/ 2 (d) c0   3 / 2, c1  1/ 2
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Ans. : (a)

Solution:   x  x   x   2c0 c1 0 x 1   c0  c1   1 0 x 1
2
  c02  c12  1
 
So, for   x  x   x  to be maximized, c0  c1  1/ 2
Q44. A possible Lagrangian for a free particle is

1
(a) L  q 2  q 2 (b) L  q 2  qq (c) L  q 2  q (d) L  q 2 
q
Ans. : (b)
d  L   L 
Solution:       0  2q  q  q  0  q  0
dt  q   q 
Q45. A rod of mass m and length l is suspended from two massless vertical springs with a
spring constants k1 and k2 . What is the Lagrangian for the system, if x1 and x2 be the
displacements from equilibrium position of the two ends of the rod?
(a)
8

m 2
x1  2 x1 x 2  x 22   k1 x12  k2 x22
1
2
1
2
(b)
2

m 2
x1  x1 x2  x22    k1  k2   x12  x22 
1
4
(c)
6

m 2
x1  x1 x2  x22   k1 x12  k2 x22
1
2
1
2
(d)
2

m 2
x1  2 x1 x2  x22    k1  k2   x12  x22 
1
4
Ans. : (c)
2
1 1 1  x  x  1 ml 2  2
Solution: T  MVc2.m  I c.m 2  m  1 2   
2 2 2  2  2 12
1 1
Potential energy is, V  kx12  kx22
2 2
x2  x1 x x x  x
sin   for small oscillation   2 1    2 1
l l l
2 2
1  x  x  1 ml  x1  x2  1 2 1 2
2
L  m 1 2      kx1  kx2
2  2  2 12  l  2 2
  x12  x1 x2  x22   k1 x12  k2 x22
m 1 1
6 2 2
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p 2  p y2
Q46. If the Hamiltonian of a classical particles is H  x  xy , then x 2  xy  y 2 at
2m
temperature T is equal to
1 3
(a) k BT (b) k BT (c) 2k B T (d) kBT
2 2
Ans. : (a)
Q47. A simple pendulum has a bob of mass 1 kg and charge 1 Coulomb. It is suspended by a
massless string of length 13 m . The time period of small oscillations of this pendulum is

T0 . If an electric field E  100 xV
ˆ / m is applied, the time period becomes T . What is the
x
value of T0 / T  ?
4
y l  13 m

E  100 Volt m 1  iˆ
g  10 m sec 2
m  1kg
q  1 Coulomb
Solution: In equilibrium condition, pendulum is tilted at angle  and is at rest
 mg sin   qE cos 
 qE    mg 
2 2
qE
tan   qE 
mg

qE mg
 sin  
qE cos 
 2 E    mg 
2 2
qE
mg qE cos  mg sin 
cos   mg sin  mg
 2 E    mg 
2 2
When pendulum is displaced by small angle  the restoring force is

F    mg sin      qE cos     
   mg  sin  cos   cos  sin    qE  cos  cos   sin  sin   
   mg sin  cos   mg cos  sin   qE cos  cos   qE sin  sin  
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x
for small angular difference, cos   1 and sin  
l
 x x
F   mg sin   qE cos    mg cos  .  qE sin . 
 l l
 
   x .  mg    qE 
2 2
x mg qE
F    mg .  qE 
l  qE    mg 
2 2
 qE    mg 
2 2  l  2 E 2   mg 2
 
 mg    qE 
2 2
d 2x
 2  1 0
dl ml
 mg 
2
l 169
   T  2  T 4   2 
2 4
 
ml q 
2 10100
g2   E 
m  l
qE cos    
l 4 169
x
As, T0  2  T04   2  qE
g 100
qE sin    
mg mg sin    
4
 
T
  0   101 mg cos    
T 
Q49. Consider a point particle A of mass mA colliding elastically with another point particle
mB
B of mass mB at rest, where   . After collision, the ratio of the kinetic energy of
mA
particle B to the initial kinetic energy of particle A is given by
4 2 2 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
 2
1

1
 2
1 
  
Ans. : (a)
Solution: Before Collision After Collision
mA mB mA mB
u vA vB
  u2 0
Since, P1  P2 
Fext  0 
 mA u  0  mB vB  mA u A
 u  v A   vB
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Also, KE1  KE2
1 1 1
 mAu 2  0  mAv A2  mB vB2
2 2 2
2 u v 2
On solving, we get vB   B 
  2
u  1
1
m v2 2
KEB 2 B B  2  4 4
     2 
KE A 1
mA u 2   1   2  1   2  1
2 
Thus, option (a) is correct.
Q50. A toy car is made from a rectangular block of mass M and four disk wheels of mass m
and radii r . The car is attached to a vertical wall by a massless horizontal spring with
spring constant k and constrained to move perpendicular to the wall. The coefficient of
static friction between the wheel of the car and the floor is  . The maximum amplitude
of oscillations of the car above which the wheels start slipping is
 g  M  2m  M  4m   g  M 2  m2 
(a) (b)
mk Mk
 g  M  m  g  M  4m  M  6m 
2
(c) (d)
2mk 2mk
Ans. : (d)
Solution: If F is force on each wheel then kx
kx  4 F  Ma (i)
For each wheel
2F 2F
 M 
Ff    mg  g
 4 
F
 M 
F    mg  g   ma
 4 
When Torque is balanced about bottom most point
3  a  3
FR   mR 2     ma
2  R  2
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 M 
2  mg  g
a  4 
m
Putting in equation (i)
kx  6ma  Ma
  M  6m  4m  M  g
kx   M  6m  a 
2m
  M  6m  4m  M  g
x
2mk
Q51. Water is poured at a rate of R m3 / hour from the top into a cylindrical vessel of diameter
D . The vessel has a small opening of area a  

a  D at the bottom. What should be
the minimum height of the vessel so that water does not overflow?
R2 R2 8R 2
(a)  (b) (c) (d)
2 ga 2 2 gaD 2  D2 g 2
Ans. : (b)
Solution: The rate at which liquid coming out of the hole of area ‘ a ’ when vessel of height H is
filled Q1  R
Q2  aV2 , when V2  2 gh
H
The rate at which liquid poured in vessel is Q1  R
R2 Q2  aV2
 Q1  Q2  a 2 gH  R  H 
2 ga 2
Thus, correct option is (b)
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angular momentum is conserved during the circularization process. then

Put x  u 2  dx  2udu and x  0, u  0 and also, x  R, u  R

(c) p  3 / 2mnv cos 2  (d) p  mnv 2

sets given below also forms a canonical?

put r  u 2 , dr  2udu when r  2 R, u  2 R , r  R, u  R

r dm (mass of elementary part )

(a) rc  2rp (b) rc  rp (c) 2rc  rp (d) rc  2rp

K .E.  rest mass energy

Q20. The coordinate transformation x  0.8 x  0.6 y, y  0.6 x  0.8 y represents

L  q12  q 22 . If p1 and p2 are the corresponding generalized momenta, the Hamiltonian

x2  l sin 1  l sin  2 , y2  l cos 1  l cos  2

x2  l cos 11  l cos  22 , y 2  l sin 11  l sin  22 2 l

 mr1  4a 2 r 2   mr 2 4a 2 r  mr 2  2mgar  0

At z  z0 , r  0, r  r0 , so, mr0 2  2mgar0

The equation of motion is,

If J is angular momentum and m is mass of particle

x1  x2 corresponding to the normal frequencies 0 and 30 respectively.

At t  0 , the displacements are x1  A , x2  0 , and the velocities are v1  v2  0 . The

displacement of the second particle at time t is given by:

So,  mr0 2  4mgr0  0      4 g

Q42.  Q1 , Q2 , P1 , P2  and  q1 , q2 , p1 , p2  are two sets of canonical coordinates, where Qi and qi

and P2  p1 , then which of the following relations is true?

and c1 will   x  x   x  be maximized?

(a) c0  c1  1/ 2 (b) c0  c1  1/ 2

(c) c0   3 / 2, c1  1/ 2 (d) c0   3 / 2, c1  1/ 2

So, for   x  x   x  to be maximized, c0  c1  1/ 2

Q44. A possible Lagrangian for a free particle is

When pendulum is displaced by small angle  the restoring force is

   mg  sin  cos   cos  sin    qE  cos  cos   sin  sin   

   mg sin  cos   mg cos  sin   qE cos  cos   qE sin  sin  

D . The vessel has a small opening of area a  

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