‫بسم ا الرحمن الرحيم‬

AL-HUR WWTP/ Biological Treatment

1- Population Forecast
Base Year  2010
P2007  100000
ln P2035  ln P2007  K  2035  2007 
ln P2035  ln 100000  0.03 28
ln P2035  11 .51  0.84
ln P2035  12.35
ln P2035  231000
ln P2023  ln P2007  0.03 2023  2007 
ln P2023  11 .51  0.0316 
ln P2023  11 .99
ln P2023  161135

2- Design Flow
Average per capita  200 l / cap.d
Inflitrati on  average   843( ha ) * 5( m 3 / ha.d )

Inflitrati on  average   4215 m 3 / d  ( From Fig .2  1 Metcalf & Eddy )
Peaking Factor  1.9 ( for 231000 population )

Dry Weather Flow ( DWF )  200 l / cap.d  * 231000

Say (2)
Dry Weather Flow ( DWF )  46200000 l / d
Dry Weather Flow ( DWF )  46200 m 3 / d

Wet Weather Flow (WWF )  46200  4215

Qa  50415 m 3 / d

Full Treatment Flow  FTF  

‫هذا التصريف نستخدمه في تصميم احجام وحدات محطة المعالجة‬
Peak Flow  2 * 46200  4215
Q p  96615 m 3 / d

‫هذا التصريف نستخدمه لتصميم المضخات والحسابات الهيدروليكية‬

1
3- Design of Grit Removal Equipment

All grit particles retained on a 65-mesh screen (0.21mm diameter)

will be removed.
From Fig.8.7, P.325 Metcalf & Eddy
For a square grit chamber, at 20°C, 0.21mm grit

Settling Area Required = 0.9 m2/103 (m3/d)

* 50415 m 3 / d 
0.9m 2
Total Area = 10  m / d 
3 3

Total Area = 45.4 m2

Use Twin units

45.4
Surface Area for each unit =  22.7
2

 Dimensions = 22.7  4.8m

Provide Detritors 2 Working + 2 Future

Various dimensions may be selected from Fig. 8.6, p. 324, Metcalf &
Eddy
For Example
Flow = 50415 m3/d = 0.58 m3/s
For 0.21mm grit
Collecting tank depth  1.2 m
Approximate water depth  0.6 m
Grit washer width  0.4 m
Grit washer sloping length  9.0 m

2
 ‫بسم ا الرحمن الرحيم‬
Design of Aeration Lagoons/ Extended Aeration
Required Data
1. Discharge (aver. Flow rate) (m3/day).
2. Influent BOD5 (Biochemical Oxygen Demand-5days) to the lagoon.
(mg/l=gm/m3).
3. Mean Cell Residence time  c , days.
4. Food to Microorganism ratio (F/M), (kg BOD5 /kg MLVSS-day).
5. MLVSS=Mixed Liquor Volatile Suspended Solids, (mg/l).
6. MLSS= Mixed Liquor Suspended Solids, (mg/l).
7. MLVSS/MLSS.
8. Biodegradable fraction of MLVSS, fb.
9. BOD5 of MLVSS, (mg/mg MLVSS).
10.Suspended solids in effluent, (mg/l).
11. Substrate removal rate constants.
12. Cell growth constants Y and Kd .
13. Temperature activity correction.
14.Recirculation pump capacity.
15. Net VSS production, kg/kg BODu removed
BODu=Ultimate BOD
16.Oxygen requirements, kg/kg BODu removed
- Without nitrification.
- With nitrification
17.Dissolved oxygen in aeration tank, mg/l.
18. Sludge drying bed area.
19.Power required in aeration, KW.hr/person.year.
20. Nutrient requirements.

3
21. k'=Substrate removal rate const. (l/mg.d).
Design Procedure
1- Selection of c

0.77
c 
kd f b

2- Effluent BOD5
1 1 
  k d 
Effluent soluble BOD5
S
K Y  c 

3- Calculate BOD5 removed in aeration

  So  S Q

4- Aeration tank volume

Y c Q S 0  S 
 = aeration tank volume
X 1  kd c 

5- Check for detention time.

6- Check for (F/M).
7- Calculate Surplus sludge Production
X
Net VSS production / day 
c

8- Calculate area of sludge drying or lagooning.

9- Calculate oxygen Requirements
O2 , kg / day  BODu removed  Bodu of solids leaving

10- Calculate power requirements for aerators

O 2 required  kg / day 
Power Re quired 
0.7  TE of aerator 

TE= Transfer Efficiency (kgo2/kw.day)

TE= this is supplied by the manufacturer.

4
4- Design of Aeration Lagoons (Extended Aeration Lagoons)
Input Data
Any assumed data are consulted from (Arcievala, Engineering and
Ecology in Pollution control, 1981).
 Influent BOD5= 370mg/l (average)
 Influent BOD5= 555 mg/l (max.)
 Assume complete nitrification occurs.
 Assume water temp. in the aeration tank = 18 °C.
 Assume BODu =1.47 BOD5.
 Assume TKN = 8 g/person-day.
 Assume P = 2 g/person-day.
 Assume Y = 0.6 (Sludge Yield Coeff.).
 Assume Kd = 0.07 d-1 (Endogenous Decay Coeff.) .
 Assume K' = 0.038 l/mg.d at 18 °C. (Specific Substrate Rate
Coeff.)
 Y, Kd & K Coefficients are BOD5 basis .
 Assume fb = 0.63 (Biodegradable fraction of VSS)
MLVSS
 Assume MLSS
= 0.7

 Assume effluent SS = 20 mg/l.

 Effluent Requirements :
1- BOD5  20 mg/l (Total)
* Total = Soluble + BOD5 of effluent SS
2- SS  30 mg/l

5
Design Calculations
Selection of c (Sludge age)
0.77 0.77
c    17 days
K d fb  0.07  0.63

* The assumed value of fb will be checked later

Take  c  20 days

Effluent Soluble BOD5 and Efficiency

1 1 
S   K d 
K Y 
 c 
1  1 
S   0.07 
 0.038 0.6  20 
S  5.0 mg / l

 VSS 
BOD5 of VSS in effluent   f b   * SS 
 SS 
BOD5 of VSS in effluent   0.63 0.7 * 20  8.82 mg / l

Total effluent BOD5  5.0  8.82

Total effluent BOD5  13.82  20 mg / l ( Acceptable)

Influent BOD5  370 mg / l

So lub le BOD5 removal

efficiency 
 370  5.0 *100
370
efficiency  98.65%

Overall BOD5 removal

370  13.82
efficiency  *100  96.26%
370

S r  BOD5 removed in aeration   400  5 50415 10 3 

  g / m 3  m 3 / d  kg / g 
 19914 kg / day

6
 Design of Aeration Tank (Aeration Lagoon)
* Assume MLSS= 4000 mg/l (Complete mixing)
MLVSS=0.7 (4000) = 2800 mg/l
* Neglecting solids in final settling tank, then:-

X  Y c1QaK dS0c S 
X  MLVSS  2800 mg / l
S 0  370 mg / l
S  5.0 mg / l
Qa  50415 m 3 / d
K d  0.07 d 1 , Y  0.6
 c  20d
(0.6)(20)(50415)(370  5)
( 2800)() 
1  (0.07)( 20)
   32860 m 3
Volume of Aeration Tank
For an Aeration lagoon with (76*30*2.5) m dimensions, then:-
Volume=5700 m3
32860
 NO.   5. 8  6
5700

Take 8 Aeration Lagoons

4 Working + 4 Future
* Future means after 12 years from the date of project execution
 32860
det ention time  t    0.65 d
Qa 50415
t  15.6 hr.

Check for F/M ratio

F S 370 mg / l 
ratio  0 
M tX 0.65(d ) * 2800(mg / l )
 0.20 kg BOD5 / kg MLVSS  day
( Acceptable according to Table  1)

Return Sludge Pumping

7
* Assume return sludge with 1% solids
 X u  1*10000  10000 mg / l
* X u  Underflow from final clorifier containing settled solids
MLSS  4000 mg / l
MLSS 4000
   0.67
X u  MLSS 10000  4000
R
  recycle ratio 
Qmax .
 R   Qmax .  0.67(96615)  64732 m 3 / day
‫تصريف الحمأة الراجعة‬
(‫)لتصميم مضخات تدوير الحمأة اللولبية‬

Surplus Sludge Production

X
Net VSS produced / day 
c
2800( g / m 3 ) * 32860(m 3 )

20 (d )
 4600400 g / d
 4600 kg / day  X

Or, in terms of SS,

4600
Net production   6571 kg / day
0.7

* If these SS are removed as under flow from the final settling tank with
1% solids, then:-
Ms
 volume of sludge
 w S sl Ps
M s  6571 kg / day
 w  1000 kg / m 3
S sl  1.03
Ps  1%  0.01

6571 kg / day 
   638 m 3 / day
 
1000 kg / m 1.03 0.01
3

(Volume of sludge to be with drawn per day to sludge drying beds)

8
 (Sludge Pumping Station) ‫هذا هو تصريف المضخة التي تقوم بضخ الحمأة في محطة‬
) ‫ وهذه المضخة من نوع‬. (Sludge Drying Beds) ‫الى أحواض تجفيف الحمأة‬
‫( كي تتحمل التركيز العالي للمواد الصلبة في الحماة‬bar 10) ‫( وبضغط‬Diaphragm Type

Biodegradable Fraction of VSS

 YS r  Kd X1    YS r  K d X 1   4 K d X 1  0.77YS r 
2

fb 
2K d X 1
YS r  K d X 1  0.6(19914)  0.07( X)
 11948 .4  0.07(2800 * 35561) * 10 3
 18918 kg / day

4 K d X 1 (0.77YS r )  4(0.07)(2800 * 35561 * 10 3 ) 0.77 * 0.6 * 19914

 256501853 kg 2 /  day 
2

2 K d X 1  2(0.07)(2800 * 35561 * 10 3 )
 13940 kg / day

18918  18918 2  256501853

fb 
13940
 0.6348
 0.63

Phosphorus Removal
0.026 f b X 0.01 0.77  f b  X
P, kg / day  
0.77 0.77
0.026 0.63 4600  0.01 0.77  0.63 4600 
 
0.77 0.77
 106 kg / day removed

9
Influent P  2 g / person  day

 2 * 231000 10 3 
 462 kg / day
106
Removal  *100
462
 23%

Nitrogen Removal
0.123 f b X 0.07(0.77  f b )X
N , kg / day  
0.77 0.77

 0.123 0.63 4600   0.07  0.77  0.63 4600 

0.77 0.77
 521 kg / day removed

Influent N  8 g / person  day

 8 * 231000 (10 3 )
 1848 kg / day

521
Removal  *100
1848
 28%

Oxygen Requirements
1- Oxygen required for meeting carbonaceous demand is computed as:-

10
O2 , kg / day   BODu  removed   BODu of solids leaving 

Sr
 BODu  removed , f  0.68
f
f  conversion factor from BOD5 to BODu
* BODu  1.47 BOD5 or BOD5  0.68 BODu
BOD5
BODu 
0.68
19914
 BODu  removed 
0.68
 29285 kg / d

 BODu of solids leaving   1.42 Px , 

Px  Yobs Q S 0  S  10 3 
Y
Yobs 
1  K d c
0 .6

1  0.07 20 
 0.25

 
Q S 0  S  10 3  S r  19914 kg / d

Px  Yobs Q S 0  S  10 3 
 0.25 S r
 0.25 (19914)
 4979 kg / d

 BODu of solids leaving   1.42  4979 

 7070 kg / d

O2 , kg / d  29285  7070  22215 kg / d

2- Oxygen required for nitrification is obtained (neglecting nitrogen

removed in sludge, lost in effluent, and lost in denitrification) as a
maximum upper limit of :-
4.33 (influent TKN/day)

Influent TKN/day = 8*231000*10-3

= 1848 kg/day

11
O2 for nitrification = 4.33 (1848 kg/d)
 8002 kg/day

Total oxygen required = 22215+8002

=30217kg/day
 1259 kg/hr.

Power Requirements
Assuming transfer efficiency of aerators = (2 kgO2 /kw.hr) at
standard conditions, and 70% capacity at field conditions:-

1986( kg / hr.)
Power required 
0.7( 2kgO2 / kw.hr.)
 899kw

899
 112 kw power requirement/lagoon
8

Knowing that each lagoon is served by 3 surface aerators

112
 Power / Aerator   40 kw
3

* This is the design power which must be met by the manufacturer.

Design of Final Clarifier

MLSS  4000 mg / l (assumed )
R
  0.67
Qa

Solids concentration in underflow =1% (assumed)

Qa  50415 m 3 / d (Calculated)
Incoming Solids   Q  R  MLSS
 (50415  0.67 * 50415) * (4000 *10 3 )
 336772 kg / day

12
* Assume solids loading rate (solids flux) at average flow =
110 (kg/m2.day) [See Table 10-7, p.514 Metcalf & Eddy]

[* Range =1.0-5.0 kg/m2.hr

= 24-120 kg/m2.day]

Incoming Solids
Surface Area 
Solids Flux
336772 ( kg / day )

110 ( kg / m 2 .day )
 3062 m 2  As

For a clarifier with:-

D=25 m (diameter)

Surface Area =  25 2  491 m 2
4
3062
No. of Clarifiers =  6.2
491

Take no. of clarifiers = 8 (4 working + 4 Future).

* Check for overflow rate at average flow

Qa
SOR= Surface Overflow Rate = A
s

50415
=  12.8 m 3 / m 2 .day
8 * 491

(See table 10-7 Metcalf & Eddy)

Acceptable Range = 8-16 m 3 / m 2 .day

(Settling Following extended aeration)

 SOR is acceptable O.K.

Estimate the required depth for thickening

13
 Assume that under normal conditions the mass of sludge retained in
the final clarifier is equal to 30% of the mass in the aeration tank and that
the average concentration of solids in the sludge zone is:-
X u  MLSS 10000  4000
  7000 mg / l
2 2

m  4000 g / m 3 
 32860 3 

Aeration tank solids =  8   16430 kg
10 3 g / kg

Final clarifier solids = 0.3 (16430) = 4929 kg

Depth of the sludge zone in the final clarifier:-

 A, m  d , m  7000 g / m   4929 kg
2 3

10 3 g / kg

(491 m2) (d) (7) = 4929

4929
d   1.43 m
491 * 7

* Estimate the required storage capacity in the sludge zone assuming that
excess solids must be stored in the final clarifier at peak flow conditions
because of limitations in the sludge processing facilities.

Qp=96615 m3/d
(BOD5)max.=555mg/l
Px=Yabs Qp (S0-S)max. (10-3)
Yabs = 0.25
(S0)max.= 555 mg/l
(S)max. = 15 mg/l (assumed under increased loading conditions)
 Px   0.25 96615 555  15 10 3   13043 kg / d VSS

* Assume that the peak is sustained for 2-days period.

14
 Total Solids  13043 * 2 / 0.7  4929  42195 kg SS

 42195 kg 1000 g / kg 
Depth for sludge storage =  7000 g / m 3 8 * 491 m 2   1.53 m

 Total Depth  1.5  1.43  1.53  4.46 m

* The 1st (1.5 m) is the side water depth before reaching the sloped area of
the Clarifier ( Thickening Area ) .
** The designed total depth is in compatible with the depth shown in the
detailed drawings which is ( 4.5 m ) .

* Check the surface overflow rate at peak flow

96615 m 3 / d
Peak overflow rate   25 m 3 / m 2 .d
8 * 491 m 2

(See Table 10-7 Metcalf & Eddy)

Range = 24-32 m3/m2.d
 Peak overflow rate is acceptable O.K .

Design of Sludge Drying Beds

Area required for extended aeration sludge drying (In India) = 0.05 – 0.1
m2/person (See Arcievala)
0.05  0.1
Average =  0.075 m 2 / person
2

Total Area required = 0.075 * 231000

= 17325 m2
For a sludge drying bed (20*10) m

15
Bed Area = 200 m2

17325
No. of sludge Drying Beds = 200

 87

Design 45units working + 45 units Future

16