28-05-2019

--Networking

-> Internet Protocol: A set of rules governing format of data sent over internet or
a network.
--> It is of two types:
1-Public IP
2-Private IP

--> Public IP : It is the address that your home or business

router recieves form your ISP.
-How to check your public ip address?
Step 1: Type in Google "What is my IP".
--Public ip is further divided into two types of
ip
1. Static IP : Static IP address is one which
is manually configured for a device. It is static because it is fixed.
2. Dynamic IP : A Dynamic IP address is a
temporary IP address which is assigned to a device when its connected to a network.
NOTE : "DHCP" (Dynamic Host
Configuration Protocol) is a network protocol which is used to dynamically assign
Dynamic IP to a device.

--> Private IP : Private IP address is a unique identifier for

all the devices behind the router.
-How to check your private ip address?
Step 1: Open cmd
Step 2: Type in "ipconfig"
Step 3: Check for IPv4 under LAN.

--> Versions of IP
-There are two versions of IP
1. IPv4:
-> 2^32 IPv4 IPs are there.
-> Decimal Format
-> 32 bit
2. IPv6:
-> 2^128 IPv4 IPs are there.
-> Hexadecimal Format
-> 128 bit

--> Classes of IP : Within IPv4 there are five classes of

availabel IP ranges:
- Class A : 1.0.0.1 - 126.255.255.254
Supports 16 million hosts on each of 127 networks.
- Class B : 128.1.0.1 - 191.255.255.254
Supports 65,000 hosts on each of 16,000 networks.
- Class C : 192.0.1.1 - 223.255.254.254
Supports 254 hosts on each of 2 million networks
- Class D : 224.0.0.0 - 239.255.255.255
Reserved for multicast groups.
- Class E : 240.0.0.0 - 254.255.255.254
Reserved for future use, or research and development purposes.

-> TCP / IP : TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol) specifies how data is

exchanged over internet by providing end-to-end communication that identify how it
should
be broken into packets, addressed, routed and recieved at the
destination. TCP/IP is designed to make a network reliable.

-> ICMP : ICMP is generally used for diagnostic purposes or control purposes or
generated in response to errors.

-> MAC address : A media access control address of a device is a unique identifier
assigned to a network interface controller.

-> Domain Names : A Domain Name is a human readable form of IP address.

- When you address a website like (www.google.com) then DNS
translate that name into a number.
- DNS(Domain Name Systems) are connected all over the world.
- DNS is responsible for assigining your domain name a TCP/IP.
- As a new Website is registered DNS assign it a TCP/IP and then it
is updated in all DNS servers all over the world.

-> HTTP (80) : Hyper Text Transfer Protocol is the core communication protocol used
to access the Web and today its used by all web applications.
- HTTP is a message based model in which a client sends a message and
server sends a response.

-> HTTPS (443) : HTTP uses plain TCP as its transport mechanism whereas HTTPS
encrypt data as it is transferred to the destination. SSL (Secure Socket Layer)
protocol is used for encryption
of info.

-> SMTP (25) : Simple Mail Transfer Protocol is a push protocol which is used to
send the e-mail.

-> MIME : Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions is an internet standart that is

used to send files other than text like music, videos, documents, ppt via e-mail.

-> POP / IMAP : Post Office Protocol / Internet Message Access Protocol are used
when we want to retrive mails from a reciever side which were send by SMTP
protocol.

-> FTP : File transfer Protocol is a standerd protocol used for transfer of files
between client and server in a network.

-> SNMP : Simple Network Management Protocol is an application-layer protocol used

for manage and monitoring network devices.

-> LDAP : Lightweight Directory Access Protocol is a protocol enabling anyone to

locate organisation, individual and other resources such as files on a public as
well as private intranet.

-> ARP : he address resolution protocol (arp) is a protocol used by the Internet
Protocol (IP) [RFC826], specifically IPv4, to map IP network addresses to the
hardware addresses used by a data link protocol.

-> PPTP : The Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) is an obsolete method for
implementing virtual private networks.