“Off-Grid Solar-Wind Hybrid Power Generation

System with storage battery”

RAJ KISHAN Electrical Engineering, NIT SILCHAR

Abstract:

Energy is an important tool to ensure the quality of life and for the development of the country.
Off-grid hybrid solar-wind with storage battery proves to be practical solution for power
generation. The important aspect is proper energy management and control of off grid solar wind
hybrid system. The main objective of the proposed research is to develop, simulate and
implementation of the off-grid solar-wind hybrid power generation system.
Solar-wind hybrid power generation systems can be divided into two forms i.e. grid-connected
and off-grid. In grid connected systems, when the generating capacity is insufficient, grid
supplies the loads in the system. When the generating capacity of solar-wind hybrid power
generation system is surplus, the surplus electricity can be pumped back into infinite grid. The
off-grid is an independent system that the loads are entirely supplied by solar-wind hybrid power
generation system.
Since solar and wind power is intermittent in nature so there is high chances for technical issues
such as reliability issue but by integrating the above two energy system and by proper
optimization technique ,the overall system becomes more reliable and stable. The off-grid system
is one of the excellent solution for remote areas where it is very difficult for setting transmission
lines. For rural electrification this off-grid system can be one of best way as it can be made cost
efficient by proper research and techniques.
In past many years renewable energy has been one of the fast growing energy sources in the
world. During two decades there have been many technologies advances in the sustainable
energy field, making these sources of energy more reliable and profitable. Currently 15-20%
demand of energy of the world is fulfilled by renewable energy. It will go up to 30% by 2020.
Prices of solar and wind are decreasing day by day. Electrical power is presently available at the
site at Rs.3.15/kWh. The present annualized cost of power at this site is Rs.60.64/kWh. More
than 80% of annual domestic electrical energy requirements can be possibly meet. Therefore, the
off-grid solar-wind hybrid systems can become economically competitive. The lead-acid
batteries connected with solar-wind domestic power generation system are used to store the short
term power [1]. Keliang Zhou proposed a hybrid energy storage system to achieve a self-
sustainable operation and zero emission technique and reasonable cost of off-grid wind power
generation system which comprises of battery and water-electrolysis-hydrogen. It also proposed
to estimate the minimum configuration for the self-sustainable operation of the off-grid wind
power generation system with the help of system size method and optimal power management
strategy [2].
The Main challenges of off-grid hybrid system are voltage and frequency fluctuation and
harmonic issue. The variation in the wind speed affects the performance of wind system and
hence the overall system. Also changes in irradiation makes solar system unstable. Harmonics is
also one of the major power quality issue. For overcoming these challenges proper research
should be carried out as for voltage fluctuation control, series and shunt compensator can be
used. Various pwm techniques can be used for harmonics elimination.
In order to achieve system optimization and reliable operation, a control strategy under different
operating mode without measuring wind speed and applying mechanical sensors, Qi Zhiyuan
proposed a paper which employs fuzzy PID controller. According to the weather condition, load
and battery status, proposed control method is able to switch correctly and automatically between
its different work states. The output of wind power is limited by means of folding tail vane of
wind turbine automatically and employing the load of energy-dissipation above nominal wind
speed [3]. W. D. Kellogg studied in a remote area in Montana with a typical residential load and
a simple numerical algorithm has been developed for generation unit sizing which optimise the
capacity of system and find storage for standalone hybrid wind PV system. Such analysis is
essential in determining the potential benefits of installing wind PV generation at a site [4].There
are various reliability indices evaluated through probabilistic approach such as Loss of Load
Expectation (LOLE), Expected Energy Not Served (EENS), Energy Index of Reliability (EIR),
Expected Customer Interruption Cost (ECOST). The study shows spring season having highest
reliability followed by summer, winter and finally autumn [5].The solar plant model is
constituted by connecting 170 W photovoltaic (PV) panels serially and energy conversion is
performed with maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm that controls the modulator of
buck converter [6].
In the proposed work, it is planned to investigate practical implementation, energy management
and various control strategies for standalone solar wind power generation systems taking cost
into consideration. The power generation system under consideration has following main
components: dc/ac inverter, AC filter, battery of energy storage with MPPT charge controller,
PV panel, wind turbine generator etc. The proposed system is considered to be a combination of
distributed generating system i.e. PV panel and wind generator energy systems. It is proposed
that an energy management and controller based on effective control strategy will be developed
to meet the energy efficiency, ease of control and reliability.

The following work is proposed:

1) Energy management and implementation of control strategies on off-grid solar-wind
hybrid power generation system.
2) Simulation and proper assessment of solar-wind hybrid power generation system in
different environment conditions.
3) Overcoming challenges related to off-grid solar wind hybrid power generation system.
4) Validation of experimental results done by hardware model of off-grid solar wind hybrid
power generation system and the simulation model of the same.

References:
[1] A. G. Bhave, Sneh-Sagar, P. Balu Marg, Prabhadevi, “Hybrid Solar_Wind Domestic Power
Generating System - a case study”, Renewable Energy, 1999, pp. 355-358.

[2] Keliang Zhou1, Wenzhou Lu, “Self-Sustainable Off-Grid Wind Power Generation Systems
with Hybrid Energy Storage”, IECON - 37th Annual Conference on IEEE Industrial Electronics
Society, 2011, pp. 3198–3202.

[3] Qi Zhiyuan, Liu Yongxin, Liu Haijiang, Hao Zhengqing, “Power Control for Off-
grid Wind Power System Basedon Fuzzy PID Controller”, Power and Energy Engineering
Conference (APPEEC), Asia-Pacific 2010, pp. 1–4.
[4] W.D. Kellogg, M.H. Nehrir, G. Venkataramanan and V. Gerez, “Generation Unit Sizing and
Cost Analysis for Stand-Alone Wind, Photovoltaic, and Hybrid Wind PV System”, IEEE
Transactions on Energy Conversion, Vol. 13, No. 1, March 1998, pp. 70–75.

[5] Nabina Pradhan, Nava Raj Karki, “Probabilistic Reliability Evaluation of Off-grid Small
Hybrid Solar PV-Wind Power System for the Rural Electrification in Nepal”, North
American Power Symposium (NAPS), 2012, pp. 1-6.

[6] Ersan Kabalci, “Design and analysis of a hybrid renewable energy plant with solar and wind
power; Energy Conversion and Management”, Vol. 72, August 2013, pp. 51-59.