Calculo Diferencial e Integral

Granville / Smith / Longley

UTEHA

Impreso en España. 1978

PARTE III

Problemas Paginas 32

Soluciones por Benito Camela Vergara

Calcular la derivada de cada una de las siguientes funciones usando la regla general.

1. y = 2 - 3x

Se sustituye en la función "x" por "x + x" y se calcula el nuevo valor de la función y + y .

y + y = 2 - 3 (x + X) . Se resta el valor dado de la función del

nuevo valor y se obtiene y.

Y + y = 2 - 3 (x + X)
Y + y = 2 – 3X -3X
y + y - y = 2 - 3x - 3x – 2 + 3X .

y = - 3x.

Se divide y para x.

y = - 3x
x x

Se calcula el límite de este cociente cuando x  0 .

El límite así hallado es la derivada buscada.

y = - 3x .
X x .

lim x0

dy = - 3 Y’ = -3
dx
2. y = mx + b.

y + y = m (x + x) + b.
Y + y = mX + mx + b
y + y - y = mx + mx + b – mX - b
y = mX
y = m x
x x
y = m
x
lim x0

dy = m . Y‘=m
dx

3. y = ax2

y + y = a ( X + x)2.
y + y = a ( X2 +2X X + x2 )
y + y = aX2 +2aX X + ax2
y + y - y = aX2 +2aX X + ax2 - aX2
y = 2aX X + ax2
y = 2ax. x + a.x2 .

x x x .

y = 2ax + a.x .

x
lim x0

dy = 2ax + a (0)
dx

dy = 2ax . Y ‘ = 2 ax
dx

4. s = 2t - t2.

s + s = 2(t + t) - (t + t)2.

s + s = 2t + 2t - (t2 +2t t + t 2 )
s + s = 2t + 2t - t2 -2t t - t 2
s + s - s = 2t + 2t - t2 -2t t - t 2 – 2t +t2
s = 2. t - 2t. t - t 2
s = t (2 - 2t - t)
t t .
 s = 2 - 2t - t
t
lim x0

ds = 2 - 2t - 0 Y’ = 2 – 2t
dt

5. y = cx3
y + y = c ( x + x)3.
y + y = c ( x3 + 3x2. x + 3x.x2 + x3 )
y + y = c x3 + 3cx2. x + 3cx.x2 + c.x3
y + y - y = c x3 + 3cx2. x + 3cx.x2 + c.x3 - c x3
y = 3cx2.x + 3cx.x2 + c x3
y = 3cx2. x + 3cx. x2 + cx3
x x x x .

y = 3cx2 + 3cx.x + cx2.

x
lim x0

dy = 3cx2 + 3cx( 0 ) + c ( 0 )2
dx

Y ‘ = 3cx2

6. y = 3x - x3.

y + y = 3 (x + x) - (x + x)3.
y + y = 3 x + 3x - (x3 +3X2 x + 3X x2 + x3 )
y + y = 3 x + 3x - x3 -3X2 x - 3X x2 - x3
y + y - y = 3 x + 3x - x3 -3X2 x - 3X x2 - x3 – 3X + X3.
y = 3x - 3X2 x - 3X x2 - x3
y = 3.x - 3x2.x - 3x.(x)2 - (x)3 .
x x x x x
y = 3 - 3x - 3x (0) - (x)
2 2

x
lim x0

dy = 3 - 3x2 . Y’ = 3 – 3x2
dx

7. u = 4v2 + 2v3.

u + u = 4 (v + v)2 + 2 (v + v)3.
 u + u = 4 ( v2 + 2vv + v2 ) + 2 ( v3 + 3v2v + 3vv2 + v3 )
u + u = 4 v2 + 8vv +4v2 + 2v3 + 6v2v + 6vv2 + 2v3
u + u – u = 4 v2 + 8vv +4v2 + 2v3 + 6v2v + 6vv2 + 2v3 – 4v2 – 2v3
u = 8vv +4v2 + 6v2v + 6vv2 + 2v3
u = 8v. v + 4. v2 + 6v2. v + 6v. v2 + 2. v3.
v v v v v v

u = 8v + 4. v + 6v + 6v. v + 2. v
2 2

v
u = 8v + 4(0) + 6v2 + 6v(0) + 2(0 )2
v
lim v0
du = 8v + 0 + 6v2 + 0 + 0
dv
du = 8v + 6v2 . U’ = 8v + 6v2
dv

8. y = x4.

y + y = (x + x)4.
y + y = x4 + 4X3x + 6X2 x2 + 4Xx3 + x4
y + y - y = x4 + 4X3x + 6X2 x2 + 4Xx3 + x4 - x4
y = 4x3. x + 6x2.x2 + 4x.x3 + x4.
y = 4x3. x + 6x2(x)2 + 4x(x)3 + (x)4
x x x x x .

y = 4x3 + 6x2. x + 4x (x)2 + (x)3

x
y = 4x3 + 6x2(0) + 4x(0)2 + ( 0 )3
x
lim x0

dy = 4x3 . Y ‘ = 4x3
dx

9. e= 2 .
+1

e + e = 2 .
( + ) + 1

e + e - e = 2 - 2 .
( + ) + 1 (+1)

e = 2 ( + 1) - 2[( + ) + 1] .

[( + ) + 1] ( + 1)
 e =2 + 2 - 2 - 2.  - 2 = - 2.  .
[( + ) + 1] ( + 1) [( + ) + 1]( + 1)
e = - 2. = -2 =

 [( + ) + 1]( + 1)() [( + ) + 1]( + 1)

e = -2 .

 [( + 0) + 1]( + 1)
lim x0

de = -2 =
d ( + 1) ( + 1)

de = -2 .
2
d ( + 1)

Y‘ = - 2 .
2
( + 1)

10. y= 3 .
x2 + 2
y + y = 3 .
(x + x) + 2
2

y + y - y = 3 - 3 .
(x + x) + 2
2 2
x +2

y = 3 (x2 + 2) - 3 [(x + x)2 + 2]

[(x + x)2 + 2] (x2 + 2)

y = 3x2 + 6 -3 [x2 + 2x. x +(x)2 +2]

[(x + x)2 + 2] (x2 + 2)

y = 3x2 + 6 - 3x2 - 6x.x - 3(x)2 - 6 = - 6x. x - 3(x)2 .

[(x + x)2 + 2] (x2 + 2) [(x+x)2 + 2] (x2 + 2)

y = x (- 6x -3. x) = - 6x - 3. x =

x [(x + x)2 + 2] (x2 + 2) x [(x + x)2 + 2] (x2 + 2)

y = - 6x - 3 (0) .
x 2 2
[(x + 0) + 2] (x + 2)
lim x0

dy = - 6x - 0 = - 6x .
 dx (x2 + 2) (x2 + 2) (x2 + 2)2

11. s=t+4
t

s + s = (t + t) + 4
t + t

s + s - s = t + t + 4 - t + 4
t + t t

s = t (t + t + 4) - (t + 4) (t + t) =

(t + t) t

s = t2 + t.t + 4t -(t2 + 4t + t. t + 4. t) =

(t + t) t

s = t2 + t. t + 4t - t2 - 4t - t. t - 4. t = - 4. t .

(t + t) t (t + t) t

s = - 4 ( t ) .
t (t + t) t ( t )

s = -4 .
t (t + 0)t
lim t0

ds = - 4 = -4 .
dt t.t t2

S ´= -4 / t2

12. y= 1 .
1 - 2x

y + y = 1 .
1 - 2(x + x)

y + y - y = 1 - 1 .
1 - 2 (x + x) 1 - 2x
 y = (1 - 2x) - [1 -2(x + x)] = 1 - 2x -(1 - 2x - 2x) =

[1 - 2(x+x)](1 - 2x) [1 - 2(x+x)](1 - 2x)

y = 1 - 2x - 1 + 2x + 2x = 2x .
[1 - 2(x+x)](1 - 2x) [1 - 2 (x + x)](1 - 2x)

y = 2 x = 2 .
x x [1 - 2(x + x)](1 - 2x) [1 - 2(x + x)](1 - 2x)

y = 2 .
x [1 - 2 (x + 0)](1 - 2x)
lim x0

dy = 2 = 2 .
dx (1 - 2x) (1 - 2x) (1 - 2x)2

dy = 2
dx (1 - 2x)2

13. e=  .

+2

e + e =  +  .

( + ) + 2

e + e - e =  +  _  .

( + ) + 2 +2

e =(  + 2) (  +  ) - [( + ) + 2] =  2 + 2 +  .  + 2 -  2 -  .  - 2 .
[( + ) + 2]( + 2) [( + ) + 2] ( + 2)

e = 2  .
[( + ) + 2] ( + 2)

Dividiendo a ambos miembros para  y simplificando :

e = 2 = 2.  .

 [( + ) + 2] ( + 2).  [( + ) + 2] ( + 2).  .

e = 2 = 2 = 2 .
2
 [( + 0) + 2] ( + 2) ( + 2) ( + 2) ( + 2)
lim  0

de = 2 = 2 .
2
d ( + 2) ( + 2) ( + 2)
14. s = At + B
Ct + D

s + s = A(t + t) + B .

C(t + t) + D

s + s - s = A(t + t) + B - At + B
[C(t + t) + D] Ct + D

s = [A(t + t) + B] (Ct + D) - [C(t + t) + D] (At + B)

[C(t + t) + D] (Ct + D)

s = [A.t + A.t + B](C.t + D) - [C.t + C.t + D](A.t + B)

[C(t + t) + D] (Ct + D)

s = ACt2 + ADt + AC . t . t + ADt + BCt + BD .

[C(t + t) + D] (Ct + D)

- ACt2 - BCt - ACtt - BCt - Adt - BD .

[C(t + t) + D] (Ct + D)

s = A.D. t - B.C. t = t (A.D - B.C) .

[C(t + t) + D] (Ct + D) [C(t + t) + D] (Ct + D)

s = t (A.D - B.C) = (A.D - B.C) .

t [C(t + t) + D] (Ct + D) (t) [C(t + t) + D] (Ct + D)

s = (A.D - B.C) = (A.D - B.C) .

t [C(t + 0) + D] (Ct + D) (Ct + D)(Ct + D)
lim t0

ds = (A.D - B.C) = (A.D - B.C) .

dt (Ct + D)(Ct + D) (Ct + D)2

15. y = x3 + 1 .
x

y + y = (x + x)3 + 1 .
(x + x)

y + y - y = (x + x)3 + 1 - x3 + 1
(x + x) x
 y = [(x + x)3 + 1] x - (x3 + 1) (x + x)
(x + x) x

y = {[x3 + 3x2x + 3x(x)2 + (x)3] + 1}(x) - x4 - x3(x) - x - x

(x + x) x

y = x4 + 3x3x + 3x2(x)2 + (x)3(x) + x - x4 - x3( x) - x -x

(x + x) x

y = 2x3. x + 3x2(x)2 + (x)3(x) - 3x2(x)2 + (x)3(x) - x

(x + x) x

y = x [2x3 + 3x2 x + (x)2(x) - 3x2(x) + (x)2(x) - 1]

(x + x) x

Dividiendo a ambos miembros para x, tenemos :

y = x [2x3 + 3x2 x + (x)2(x) - 3x2(x) + (x)2(x) - 1]

x (x + x) (x) (x)

y = x [2x3 + 3x2. x + (x)2.x - 3x2. x + (x)2.x - 1]

x (x + x)(x)( x)

y = [2x3 + 3x2( 0 ) + (0)2(x) - 3x2(0) + (0)2(x) - 1]

x (x+0)x
lim x0
y’ = 2x3 + 0 + 0 - 0 + 0 - 1 = 2x3 - 1 = 2x3 - 1
x.x x2 x2 x2

dy = 2x - 1
dx x2

16. y= 1 .
x + a2
2

y + y = 1 .

(x + x)2 + a2

y + y - y = 1 _ 1 .

(x + x) + a
2 2
x + a2
2

y = 1 (x2 + a2) - 1 [(x + x)2 + a2] = x2 + a2 -[x2 + 2x.x + (x)2 + a2]

[(x + x)2 + a2] (x2 + a2) [(x+x)2 + a2] (x2 + a2)

y = x2 + a2 -x2 - 2x. x -(x)2 - a2 = - 2x. x -(x)2 .

[(x + x)2 + a2](x2 + a2) [(x + x)2 + a2] (x2 + a2)

 y = - x (2x + x) .

[(x + x)2 + a2] (x2 + a2)

Dividiendo a ambos miembros para x, tenemos :

y = - x (2x + x) = - (2x + x) .

x [(x + x)2 + a2](x2 + a2). x [(x + x) + a ] (x + a )
2 2 2 2

y = - (2x + 0) .
x [(x + 0)2 + a2] (x2 + a2)
lim x0

dy = - 2x = - 2x .
dx (x + a2) (x2 + a2)
2
(x + a2 )2
2

dy = - 2x
dx (x + a2 )2
2

17. y= x .
2
x +1

y + y = x + x .
(x + x)2 + 1

y + y - y = x + x - x .
[(x + x) + 1] (x + 1)
2 2

y = (x + x) (x2 + 1) - x [(x + x)2 + 1] .

[(x + x)2 + 1] (x2 + 1)

y = x3 + x + x. x2 + x - x [x2 + 2x. x + (x)2 + 1]

[(x + x)2 + 1] (x2 + 1)

y = x 3 + x + x. x2 + x - x 3 - 2. x. x2 - x. (x)2 - x .

[(x + x)2 + 1] (x2 + 1)

y = - x.x2 - x.(x)2 + x = - x (x2 + x . x - 1 ) .

[(x + x)2 + 1] (x2 + 1) [(x + x)2 + 1](x2 + 1)

y = - x (x2 + x. x - 1) = - (x2 + x. x - 1) .

x [(x + x)2 + 1](x2 + 1) . x [(x + x)2 + 1](x2 + 1)

y = - [x2 + x(0) - 1] .

 x [(x + 0)2 + 1] (x2 + 1)
lim x0

dy = -(x2 - 1) = 1 - x2
dx (x + 1) (x2 + 1)
2
(x2 + 1)2

18. y = x2 .
4 - x2
y + y = (x + x)2 .
4 - (x + x)2

y + y - y = (x + x)2 - x2 .
[4 - (x + x)2] (4 - x2)

y = (x + x)2 (4 - x2) - [4 - (x + x)2] x2 .

[4 - (x + x)2] (4 - x2)

y = [x2 + 2x. x + (x)2](4 - x2) - [4-(x2 +2x. x + (x)2]( x2 )

[4 - (x + x)2] (4 - x2)

y = 4x2 + 8x. x + 4(x)2 - x4 - 2x3. x - x2.(x)2 -[4 -x2-2x. x-(x)2](x2 )
[4 - (x + x)2] (4 - x2)

y = 4x2 + 8x. x + 4(x)2 x 4- 2x3.x - x2.(x)2 - 4x2 + x 4+ 2x3. x + x2. (x)2
[4 - (x + x)2](4 - x2)

y = 8x.x + 4. (x)2 = x (8x + 4. x) .

[4 - (x + x)2](4 - x2) [4 - (x + x)2](4 - x2)

Dividiendo, para x , tenemos :

y = x (8x + 4. x) .

y [4 - (x + x)2](4 - x2) . x .

y = 8x + 4. x = 8x + 4( 0 ) =

x [4 - (x + x)2](4 - x2) [4 - (x + 0)2](4 - x2)

lim x0

dy = 8x + 0 = 8x
dx [4 - x2] (4 - x2 ) (4 - x2 )2

19. y = 3x2 - 4x - 5.
 y + y = 3 (x + x)2 - 4 (x + x) - 5

y + y - y = 3 (x + x)2 - 4 (x + x) - 5 - (3x2 - 4x -5)

y = 3 [x2 + 2x. x + (x)2] - 4 (x + x) - 5 - (3x2 - 4x -5)

y = 3x2 + 6x. x + 3.(x)2 - 4x - 4. x - 5 - 3x2 + 4x + 5 .

y = 6x. x + 3 (x)2 - 4.(x) = (x) [6x + 3 (x) - 4]

Dividiendo para x :

y = (x)[6x + 3 (x) - 4] = x [6x + 3 (x) - 4] = 6x + 3(0) - 4

x x x
lim x0

dy = 6x - 4 = 2(3x - 2)
dx

20. s = at2 + bt + c.

s + s = a (t + t)2 + b (t + t) + c .

s + s - s = a (t + t)2 + b (t + t) + c - (at2 + bt + c) .

s = a [t2 + 2t. t + (t)2] + bt + b.t + c - at2 - bt - c .

s = at2 + 2at. t + a.( t)2 + bt + b. t + c - at2 - bt - c .

s = 2at. t + a.( t)2 + b. t

Dividiendo para t , factorizando y simplificando :

s = t (2at + a. t + b) = t (2at + a. t + b)

t t t

s = 2at + a( 0 ) + b = 2at + 0 + b .

t
lim t0

ds = 2at + b .
dt
21. u = 2v3 - 3v2

u + u = 2 (v + v)3 - 3 (v + v)2

u + u - u = 2(v + v)3 - 3 (v + v)2 - (2v3 - 3v2)

u = 2[v3 + 3v2. v + 3v.( v)2 + (v3)] - 3[v2 + 2v. v + (v)2] - 2v3 + 3v2

u = 2v3 + 6v2. v + 6v (v)2 + 2 (v)3 - 3v2 - 6v. v - 3(v)2 - 2v3 + 3v2 .

u = 6v2. v + 6v (v)2 + 2 (v)3 - 6v. v - 3(v)2

Factorizando y dividiendo para v :

u = v [6v2 + 6v. v + 2. (v)2 - 6v - 3. v]

v v .

u = 6v2 + 6v. v + 2 (v)2 - 6v - 3. v

v
lim v0

u = 6v2 + 6v (0) + 2 (0)2 - 6v - 3 (0) .

v

du = 6v2 - 6v
dv

22. y = ax3 + bx2 + cx + d .

y + y = a (x + x)3 + b (x + x)2 + c (x + x) + d .

y + y - y = [a (x + x)3 + b (x + x)2 + c(x + x) + d] - (ax3 + bx2 + cx + d) .

y + y - y = a[x3 + 3x2x + 3x(x)2 + (x)3] + b[x2 + 2x. x + (x)2

+ cx + c. x + d - (ax3 + bx2 + cx + d)

y = ax3 + 3ax2.x + 3ax.(x2) + a.(x)3 + bx2 + 2bx.x + b(x)2

+ cx + c. x + d - ax3 - bx2 - cx - d .

y = 3ax2.x + 3ax.(x2) + a.(x)3 + 2bx.x + b(x)2 + c. x

Factorizando y dividiendo para x :

y = x (3ax2 + 3ax.x + a.(x)2 + 2bx + b.x + c )

x x

y = 3ax2 + 3ax ( 0 ) + a.( 0 )2 + 2bx + b.( 0 ).x + c

x
lim v 0

dy = 3ax2 + 0 + 0 + 2bx + 0 + c
 dx

23. e = (a - b)2

e + e = [a - b ( +  )]2

e + e - e = [a - b ( +  )]2 - (a - b)2

e = (a - b - b.)2 - (a - b)2

e = [a + (-b) + (- b.)]2 - (a - b)2

e = a2 + (-b)2 + (- b.)2 + 2a.(-b) +2a.(- b.) +2.(-b).(- b. ) - [a2-2a.b + (b)2]

e = a2 + (b)2 +(b.)2- 2a(b) -2a(b.) +2(b)(b.) - a2 + 2a.b - (b)2

e = (b. )2 -2a(b. ) + 2(b)(b. )

e = b2()2 - 2a(b. ) + 2(b)(b.)

Factorando y dividiendo para .

e =  {b2.() - 2a.b + 2b2.}

  .
.
e = b2.() - 2a.b + 2b2. = b2.(0) - 2a.b + 2b2.

lim  0

de = 0 - 2ab + 2b2. = 2b2. - 2ab = 2b (b. - a )

d

24. y = (2 - x) (1 - 2x) .

y + y = [2 - (x + x)] [1 - 2 (x + x)]

y + y - y = [2 - (x + x)] [1 - 2 (x + x)] - (2 - x) (1 - 2x)

y = (2 - x - x) (1 - 2x - 2.x) - (2 - x) (1 - 2x)

y = [2 + (-x) + (-x)] [1 + (-2x) + (-2.x)] - (2 - 4x - x + 2x2)

y = 2 - 4x - 4.x - x + 2x2 + 2x.x - x + 2x.x + 2.(x)2 - 2 + 5x - 2x2.

y = - 5 x + 4x. x + 2.(x)2

Factorando y dividiendo para x :

 y = x (-5 + 4x + 2 x)
x x .

y = - 5 + 4x + 2( 0 )
x
lim  0

dy = - 5 + 4x = 4x - 5
dx

25. y = (Ax + B) (Cx + D)

y + y = [A (x + x) + B] [C (x + x) + D]

y + y - y = [A (x + x) + B] [C (x + x) + D] - (Ax + B) (Cx + D).

y - y + y = (Ax + A. x + B ) (Cx + C. x + D ) - (Ax + B) (Cx + D).

y = ACx 2 + ACx.x + ADx + ACx.x + AC(x)2 + AD(x) + BCx +

BC.x + BD - ACx 2 - ADx - BCx - BD .
y = 2 ACx. x + AC(x)2 + AD(x) + BC. x

Factorando y dividiendo para x.

y = x (2Acx + AC. x + AD + BC)

x x .

y = 2ACx + AC.x + AD + BC = 2Acx + [AC(0)] + AD + BC

x
lim x 0
y = 2ACx + 0 + AD + BC

lim x0

dy = 2ACx + AD + BC
dx

26. s = (a + bt)3

s + s = [a + b (t + t)]3

s + s - s = [a + b (t + t)]3 - (a + bt)3

s = [a + bt + bt]3 - [a3 + 3a2bt + 3a(bt)2 +(bt)3]

s = a3 + (bt) 3 + (bt)3+ 3a2(bt) + 3a2(bt) + 3a(bt) 2+ 3(bt)2(bt) +

 3a(bt)2 + 3(bt)(bt)2 + 6a(bt) (bt) - a 3 - 3a2(bt) - 3a(bt) 2 - (bt) 3

s = (bt)3+ 3a2(bt) + 3(bt)2 (bt) + 3a (bt)2 + 3 (bt) (bt)2 + 6a (bt) (bt)

Factorando , dividiendo y simplificando para t .

s = t {(bt)2 + 3a2b + 3b3t2 + 3ab2t + 3b3t.t + 6ab2t}

t t .

s = [b (0)2 + 3a2b + 3b3t2 + 3ab2.(0) + 3b3t.(0) + 6ab2t

t
lim t0

ds = 0 + 3a2b + 3b3t2 + 0 + 0 + 6ab2t = 3a2b + 3b3t2 + 6ab2t.

dt

ds = 3a2b + 6ab2t + 3b3t2 = 3b ( a2 + 2abt + b2t2 ) =

dt

ds = {3b [a + (bt)]2}
dt

27. y= x .
a + bx2
y + y = x + x .
a + b (x + x) 2

y + y - y = x + x - x .

a + b (x + x) 2
a + bx 2

y = (x + x) (a + bx ) - x {a + b (x + x)2}
2

[a + b (x + x)2] [a + bx2]

y = ax + bx3 + a. x + bx2. x - x{a + b[x2 + 2x.x + (x)2]}

[a + b (x + x)2] [a + bx2]

y = ax + bx3 + a. x + bx2. x - x{a + bx2 + 2bx.x + b.(x)2}

[a + b (x + x)2] [a + bx2]

y = ax + bx3 + a.x + bx2. x - ax - bx3 - 2bx2. x - bx.(x)2.

[a + b (x + x)2] [a + bx2]
 y = a. x - bx2.x - bx.(x)2 . Factorando y dividiendo para x:
[a + b (x + x)2] [a + bx2]

y = x (a - bx2 - bx.x) .

x [a + b (x + x) ] [a + bx ] x
2 2
.

y = a - bx2 - bx.x = a - bx 2

- bx ( 0 ) .
x [a + b (x + x) ] [a + bx ] {a + b [x + ( 0 )] }[a + bx ]
2 2 2 2

lim x0

y = a - bx2 - 0 .
x [a + bx2] [a + bx2]
x0

dy = a - bx2
dx [a + bx2]2

28. y = a + bx2
x2
y + y = a + b (x + x)2
(x + x)2
y + y - y = a + b (x + x)2 - [a + bx2]
(x + x)2 x2

y = {a + b (x + x)2} (x2) - (x + x)2 (a + bx2)

(x + x)2 x2
y ={a + b[x2 +2x.x + (x)2]}(x2) - {x2 + 2x.x + (x)2}(a +bx2)
(x + x)2 x2
y ={a + bx2 + 2bx . x + b. (x)2}(x2) - {ax2 + bx4 + 2ax. x
(x + x)2 x2
+ 2bx . x + a (x) + bx2.(x)2}
3 2

(x + x)2 x2
y = ax2 + bx4 + 2bx3.x + bx2(x)2 - ax2- bx4-2ax.x -
(x + x)2 x2
y = 2bx3. x - a(x)2 - bx2.(x)2
(x + x)2 x2
y = - 2ax.x - a(x)2
(x + x)2 x2
Factorando , dividiendo y simplificando para x :
y = x {-2ax - a (x)} = (
 x) {-2ax - a (x)}
x (x + x)2. x2. (x) (x + x)2. x2. (x)

y = {-2ax - a (x)} = - 2ax - a ( 0 ) = - 2ax - 0

x (x + x)2. x2 (x + 0 )2 .x2 x2.x2
lim x0
 dy = - 2ax = - 2a.x = - 2a
dx x4 x3.x x3

29. y= x2 .
a + bx2

y + y = (x + x)2 .
a + b (x + x)2

y + y - y = (x + x)2 - x2 .
[a + b (x + x)2] (a + bx2)

y = (x + x)2 (a + bx2) - {a + b (x + x)2}( x2)

[a + b (x + x)2 ] ( a + bx2 )

y = {x2 + 2x. x + (x)2}(a + bx2) - {a + b [x2 + 2x. x + (x)2]}( x2)
[a + b (x + x)2 ]( a + bx2 )

y = {ax2+bx4+2ax(x)+2bx3(x)+a(x)2+bx2(x)2}-{a+bx2+2bx(x)+b(x)2}(x2)
[a + b (x + x)2 ] ( a + bx2)

y = ax2 +bx4+2ax.x+2bx3x +a(x)2 +bx2(x)2- ax2 +bx4 +2bx3.x +bx2(x)2

[a + b (x + x)2 ] ( a + bx2 )

y = 2ax.x + a(x)2 .

[a + b (x + x)2 ] ( a + bx2 )

Factorando , dividiendo y simplificando para x:

y = (x) {2ax + a(x)} =

[a + b (x + x)2]( a + bx2 )(x)

y = (x) {2ax + a(x)} .

[a + b (x + x)2](a + bx2) (x) .

y = (2ax + a.x) = 2ax + a ( 0 ) .

x [a + b (x + x)2 ] ( a + bx2) [a + b (x + 0)2] (a + bx2)

lim x0

dy = 2ax + 0 = 2ax
dx (a + bx2) (a + bx2) (a + bx2)2