MYCOLOGY

Meeting No. 3
04/13/2019

Schedule:

April 20, 2019 – Holiday

April 27, 2019 – Individual Report
May 04, 2019 – Cont. Individual Report
May 11, 2019 – Midterm
May 18, 2019 – Research Day

Topics in Mycology (Ind. Reporting) 15 – 20 mins

Format: Introduction, Content, Remarks, Comments, References

1. The importance of fungi and mycology for a global development of the bio-economy
2. Fungal Flora in the Philippines : Values and Conservation
3. Issues and concerns on fungal Diversity in the Philippines
4. Fungal Diversity Research in the Philippines and Its Challenges Research publication on Fungi
5. Diversity Indices for Assessing Fungi in the field
6. Fungal Population Analysis/Population study of fungi
7. Edible, Poisonous and Hallucinogenic Mushrooms
8. Myco-remediation and Its Study (Local and abroad)
9. Molecular Study: New Trend in Fungal Research
10. New Fungi Discoveries
11. Effects of Climate change/Global Warming in Fungal Diversity
12. Ethno mycological Study(local and abroad)
13. Red data lists of fungi
14. Legislation and management regarding fungi

Fungal Taxonomy and Classification

 Taxonomy deals with identification and naming of organisms

 Began with ancient Greek.

Carolus Linnaeus
Converted his name to a two-part latin version, carolus Linnaeus

Kingdom – Phylum – Class – Order – Family – Genus – Species

Vb
 A binomial nomenclature given to a particular species
 Composed of the generic name (genus) and species or specific name
 Should be treated in latin or should be Latinized
 Latin is used to avoid jealousy among the scientific community
 Should be underlined separately or italicized

What is Taxonomy?

 Using morphological, behavioral, and genetic and biochemical observations, taxonomist’s identity,
describe and arrange species into classifications, including those that are new to science.
 Unfortunately, taxonomic knowledge is far from complete. In the past 250 years research

Fungal Nomenclature

 The act or process or an instance of naming

Rules of Name of Genera (Genus)

1. Distinctive Characteristic of Fungi

Auricularia – ear-like fruiting body

Peziza – stalk less mushroom
Cystoderma – bilstered skin
Phellinus – corky
Pholiota – scaly
Polyporus – many pores
Ganoderma – lustrous skin
Geastrum – earthstar
Schizophyllum – split gills
Tremella – tembling like a jelly
Tricholoma – hairy/fibrous
Xylaria – woody

2. Name of Honor of a Person

Ends in vowel – add a (Example: Binaldo)

Ends in a – add ea (Example: Florantaea)
Ends in consonant – add ia (Example: Cortesia)
Except end in us – drop us, then add a (Riccius – Riccia)

Rules of Specific Epithet (Species)

The specific epithet may be an adjective, agreeing with the generic name in gender.

1. Indicate prominent characteristics of the Fungi

Aspera – rough

2. Referred to a locally where the species were first discovered

Laguna – lagunensis
 3. Derived from the names of person

Ends in vowel – add I ex. Nacino - nacinoi

Ends in a – add e ex. Salvatirra - salvateirrae
Ends in consonant – add ii ex. Santos - Santosii
Except er- add I ex. Zollengier – zollengeri

Sp. Nov – new species

To publish
1. With description
2. Latin diagnosis – 1 to 2 sentences
3. Scientific illustrations/photograph
4. Type specimens

Type specimens
1. Holotype – specimen designated by the author, nomenclatural type
2. Isotype – specimen believed to be duplicate of a holotype, collected in the same place
3. Topotype – specimen collected at the same station or locality
4. Paratype – specimen cited by the author with the original description other than holotype
5. Lectotype – specimen or element selected by a taxonomists from the original materials studied by the
author to serve as a substitute by a holotype.

To Prepare a Fungal Flora

a. Collection of Specimen
b. Identification
c. Description
d. Provide a dichotomous key (optional

Flora – there is an inventory of the plant or fungal species in given area

 It is also a book
 Always authenticated with the herbarium specimens

Manual
Revision

Monograph – study of given taxon, more on family level

 Comprehensive treatment, anatomy, morphology, ecology
Checklist – listing of species found in the given area
Floristic – investigation of a flora in a given area.
Fungal Collection

 Woody specimens are wrapped in bond paper or newspaper (never on plastic). The fleshy type is not
included with the woody ones in the same collection bag or basket.
 In placing the specimen in the basket, the heavier ones go in first; otherwise the more fragile ones will
crashed beyond recognition.
 In the collection of mushroom which usually grows in the ground, the specimens are dug up with a
trowel or stout knife in order to avoid the essential parts such as destroying the volva or universal veil.
 On the other hand, woody fungi are removed with a bolo, and or hammer and chisel together with the
woody tissues so as to determine the extent of destruction.
 The mushroom type and other fleshy fungi are best collected in the morning when their fruiting bodies
are usually fully expanded are not yet showing any sign of decaying.
 Continuous rain may destroy the essential parts such as the ring, veil and scales.

Candida albicans sm

 It is an opportunistic pathogenic yeast that is a common member of the human gut flora. It does not
proliferate outside the human body.
 It is detected in the gastrointestinal tract and mouth in 40 – 60% of healthy adults. It is usually

Mucor w.m

 Mucor is a mold found in soil, plants, manure, decaying fruits, vegetables and as a common
contaminant of stored and processed foods in the kitchen.
 Thermostolerant species such as Mucor indicus

Saccharomyces budding w.m

 It is a species of yeast. It has been instrumental to winemaking, baking, and brewing since ancient
times. It is believed to have been originally isolated from the skin of grapes.
 S. cerevisiae cells are rounf to ovoid. It reproduces by a division process known as budding.

Penicillium w.m
 Are major importance in the natural environment as well as food and drug production
 Some members of the genus produce penicillin

Aspergillus w.m
 It is a fungus whose spores are present in the air we breathe, but does not normally cause illness. In
those people with a weakened immune system, damaged lungs or with allergies, Aspergillus can cause
disease.
 Asthma is also complicated
Rhizopus sporangia w.m

 Rhizopus are found on a wide variety of organic substrates

Coprinus gill c.s

 It is a small genus of mushroom forming fungi consisting of coprinus comatus the shaggy ink cap or
shaggy mane and several of its close relatives. The black ink like liquid this creates gave these species
their common name “ink cap”.vvn

Lycoperdon (puffball)

Puccinia graminis

Saprolegnia w.m