Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Topic:
Predicting spectators’ behavioral
intentions in professional football:
The role of satisfaction and
service quality
Nicholas D. Theodorakis
Kostas Alexandris
Nikolaos Tsigilis
Serafim Karvounis
ABSTRACT
The purpose in this study to examine the relationships among service
quality, satisfaction and spectators’ behavioral intentions, in the context of
professional football.
The subjects in this study involved three hundred and fifty (n = 350)
spectators of a professional football game in Greece.
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Football attendance is probably the most popular leisure activity
among European sport fans, generating huge economic revenues. From 2002
to 2007, the top 20 European football teams attracted more than one million
spectators in each of their league game. As a consequence, the professional
football industry becomes more complicated and unpredictable, forcing club
marketers to develop effective strategies in order to motivate spectators to
attend games, buy memberships, and purchase team products and services
(Theodorakis, Koustelios, Robinson, & Barlas, 2009).
The case in this study was to investigate the customer satisfaction and
behavior intension of European professional sports. The researcher was to argue
that the outcome dimension of service quality is an important element of service
quality and their also influence on spectator’s satisfaction and behavior intension.
The purpose of this study was to test the relationship among the service
quality, spectator’s satisfaction and behavior intensions.
players’ performance
game quality
team’s characteristics
valence
In this study, the researcher was proposed the dimension of the game
quality and team performance to be including within the outcome
quality element of service quality.
tangibles
responsiveness
reliability
access
security
The service quality in the context of spectator sports has been studied the
relationship with the customer satisfaction. Thus, the majority of studied used
process-related dimension of service quality to predict customer satisfaction and
overlooked the outcome factor of sport experience.
Based on the previous research, the researcher was proposed that the satisfaction
mediates the effect of outcome quality and functional quality on spectator’s
behavior intention.
3.0 METHODOLODY
3.2 Measures
Functional quality dimension was measured with a 28-item context-
specific scale to measure. It was included tangibles, responsiveness,
reliability, access, security.
Outcome quality dimension was measured with 8-items of game
quality and player performance to measure.
Satisfaction dimension was measured with 4-items.
Behavior intension was measured with 4-items.
All scales using seven-point scale ranging from ‘‘strongly disagree’’ (1) to
‘‘strongly agree’’ (7).
4. RESULTS
All factors loading were larger than 0.05 and all the critical ratios
were all significant ranging from 6.22 to 11.22.
The results of the partial mediation model showed goodness of fit with S–B
𝜒2 = 190.63, df = 83, p < .001, S–B 𝜒2/df = 2.29, CFI = .938,
RMSEA = .064, 90% RMSEA CI = .052–.076.
The results found both of the functional quality and outcome quality has
direct influence significant with satisfaction: 𝛽 = .15, 𝑝 < .01 for function
quality, and 𝛽 = .65, 𝑝 < .001 for outcome quality that supported for the
hypothesis 1 in this study.
5. Conclusion
5.1 Discussion
The present paper aimed to apply an integrated service quality model
in the context of professional football.
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