SISTEMANG HARANA

Suggested tune: Harana by Parokya ni Edgar

Sa siyensya, may sistema

Sa paglutas ng problema
Dapat tukuyin kung ano itong
Mga problemang nakagulo
Identification ang tawag sa phase na ito.

Formulate hypothesis
Generate ka na ng list
Sunod-sunod subukin itesting, observing
At sa bawat trial nito
Tignan mo ang epekto
Kung iyan nga ang dahilan o cause nito
Conclusion, recommendation ang direksyon
 SISTEMANG HARANA
Suggested tune: Harana by Parokya ni Edgar

Sa siyensya, may sistema

Sa paglutas ng problema
Dapat tukuyin kung ano itong
Mga problemang nakagulo
Identification ang tawag sa phase na ito.

Formulate hypothesis
Generate ka na ng list
Sunod-sunod subukin itesting, observing
At sa bawat trial nito
Tignan mo ang epekto
Kung iyan nga ang dahilan o cause nito
Conclusion, recommendation ang direksyon
 PRACTICAL
RESEARCH 2
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

NHERU BONOAN VERAFLOR

CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPT.
 QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

The purpose of any scientific inquiry is to add to

a body of knowledge that helps explain, predict,
or control events of interest in the domain.
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
Quantitative approach
designs and examines
social phenomena through
quantifiable evidence, and
often relies on statistical
analysis of many causes to
create valid and reliable
general claims.
 QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

The overall goal of quantitative research is

to convey numerically what is being
seen in the research and to arrive at
specific and observable conditions.
CHARACTERISTICS OF
QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH
CHARACTERISTICS OF QUANTI R.

1. The data are usually

gathered using
more structured
instrument.
CHARACTERISTICS OF QUANTI R.

2. The results are

based on larger
samples sizes that
are representative of
the population
CHARACTERISTICS OF QUANTI R.

3. The research study

can usually be
replicated or
repeated, give its
high reliability
CHARACTERISTICS OF QUANTI R.

4. The researcher has

a clearly defined
research question to
which objective
answers are sought.
CHARACTERISTICS OF QUANTI R.

5. All aspects of the

study are carefully
designed before the
data are collected.
CHARACTERISTICS OF QUANTI R.

6. Data are in the form

of numbers and
statistics.
CHARACTERISTICS OF QUANTI R.

7. Project can be used

generalize concepts
more widely, predict
future results, or
investigate causal
relationship
TYPES OF
VARIABLES
 TYPES OF VARIABLES

A variable is something that can take

on different values for different
subjects in a given research.
 TYPES OF VARIABLES

 According to values

 According to scale of measurement

 According to relationship
 TYPES OF VARIABLES

1 TO VALUES
ACCORDING
 VARIABLES ACC. TO VALUES
Qualitative Variable or
1.1. Categorical Variable
These are variables whose
data are non-numeric and
whose observation vary in
kind but not in degree.
 VARIABLES ACC. TO VALUES
Qualitative Variable or
1.1. Categorical Variable
Examples:
sex- male or female
religion- Roman Catholic, Isla, etc
civil status- single, married
 VARIABLES ACC. TO VALUES
Quantitative Variable or
1.2. Continuous Variable
These are variables whose data
are counts or numerical
measurements and whose
observations vary in magnitude
 VARIABLES ACC. TO VALUES
Quantitative Variable or
1.2. Continuous Variable
Examples:
age, income, number of
children, height, weight
 VARIABLES ACC. TO VALUES
Quantitative Variable or
1.2. Continuous Variable
Two types of Quantitative Variable
1.2.1. Discrete Variables
1.2.2. Continuous Variables
 VARIABLES ACC. TO VALUES

1.2.1. Discrete Variables

Quantitative variables whose
observations can assume only a
countable numbers and values
cannot take the decimal form
 VARIABLES ACC. TO VALUES

1.2.1. Discrete Variables

Examples:
number of children in the family
number of students in the class
Number of houses in the city
 VARIABLES ACC. TO VALUES

1.2.2. Continuous Variables

quantitative variables whose
observations can assume any one
of the countless number of values
in a line interval
 VARIABLES ACC. TO VALUES

1.2.2. Continuous Variables

Examples:
height- 5 feet, 4.6 inches
weight- 115 lbs 68 kgs
time- 1 hour, 46 minutes
 TYPES OF VARIABLES

2 ACCORDING
TO SCALE OF
MEASUREMENT
VARIABLES ACC. SCALE MSRMT.

2.1. Nominal Variable

variable whose data are non-
numeric labels that do not
reflect quantitative
information
VARIABLES ACC. SCALE MSRMT.

2.1. Nominal Variable

Examples:
sex- male or female
civil status- single, married
VARIABLES ACC. SCALE MSRMT.

2.2. Ordinal Variable

Variables where there is a
meaningful order or categories
but there is no measurable
distance between categories
VARIABLES ACC. SCALE MSRMT.

2.2. Ordinal Variable

• An ordinal variable is a nominal
variable, but its different states are
ordered in a meaningful sequence.
• Ordinal data has order but the intervals
between scale points may be uneven.
VARIABLES ACC. SCALE MSRMT.

2.2. Ordinal Variable

• Because of lack of equal distances,
arithmetic operations are impossible,
but logical operations can be performed
on the ordinal data.
• A typical example of an ordinal variable
is the socio-economic status of families.
VARIABLES ACC. SCALE MSRMT.

2.3. Interval Variable

Variable whose data values are
ranged in a real interval and can
be as large as from negative
infinity to positive infinity.
VARIABLES ACC. SCALE MSRMT.

2.3. Interval Variable

Examples:

temperature, IQ level
VARIABLES ACC. SCALE MSRMT.

2.4. Ratio Variable

• The highest level of measurement that
has all the characteristics of the interval
plus a true zero point.
• Both the differences and the ration of
two values are meaningful and there is
always an absolute zero that is
meaningful.
 TYPES OF VARIABLES

3 ACCORDING
RELATIONSHIP
VARIABLES ACC.RELATIONSHIP

3.1. Independent
Variable
Manipulated variable
that cause change in
another variable
VARIABLES ACC.RELATIONSHIP

3.2. Dependent
Variable
Those that are affected by
independent variables.
VARIABLES ACC.RELATIONSHIP

Independent Dependent
Variable cause Variable
VARIABLES ACC.RELATIONSHIP

3.3. Intervening
Variable
These are called test or control
variables that either increase or
decrease the effect of IV to DV.
END