Feminist?

https://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/artists/sandro-botticelli

Sandro Botticelli

Italian Painter Early Renaissance.

Florentine oainter and draughtsman one of the most esteemed artists in Italy.

Graceful Madonna and child

Venus and mars.

Had an apprentice to learn.

Trained with goldsmith Maso Finiguerra, then painting for frescoes for Florentine churches and
cathedrals, worked with painter and engraver Antonio Del Pollaiuolo. By 1470 he had a workshop.

Was in studio of the artist Fra Filippo Lippi,

Who is he? Ornate skilful, good at ccommposition, colouring, relief and ornqament. Popular in
Florence.

Early based on Masaccio then richly decor and lyrical effect

Most revoluntionary painter of the early renaissance, The virgin and child in national gallery.

In 1472, Botticelli joined the Compagnia di San Luca, Confraternity of Florentine painters, he
employed Filippino Lippi, broke convention by completing Flippinos version of The Adoration of the
Kings’. Tradtion switched.

1481, summoned by the pope to Rome to decorate the walls of the Sistine Chapel in Vatican.
Painted Frescoes depicting scenes of Life of Moses and Temptations of Christ , Did Papal Portraits.
Highly regarded only occasion working outside Florence now in Vitican City.

Year later returned he continue most prolific stage of his career.

Period 1478-90, Most creative. Produced mythological works, such as the ‘Birth of Venus’ in Uffizi,
Florence and ‘Venus and Mars’ Decorative use of line, consider gold smith ability, with elements of
classical tradition, harmony of compos and supple contours of his figure.

Last 15 years of Life, art undergo a crisis of style and expression.

1490s turbulent decade why?

He rejected the ornamental charm of his earlier works in favour of a more simplistic approach thsat
seemed crude and heavy handed in contrast

Deep moral and religious overtone. Was compared to the sophisticated aesthetic of Rapheal and
Michelangelo.
Political upheaval, maybe research into them?

Mystic Nativity example of this ideas foreboding.

Melancholic and depressed, ruined artist . name a;; but disappeared until late 19th century
for Florentine culture appreciation.

Personal idea: I’m lacking any creativity because I feel quite ignorant in my knowledge of
artists and materials/ techniques.

For now I will stick to digital art for visual ideas mainly however I will try to use other
materials eventually I need my comfort zones.

http://www.vam.ac.uk/content/articles/s/sculpture-techniques/

https://www.custompartnet.com/wu/SandCasting

Sculpting techniques

Bronze casting

Alloy of copper and tin, can contain lead or zinc, tough and durable yet intricate detail within
the casting mould.

Used with other metals including brass, alloy of copper and zinc.

Medieval period,

Two Casting methods, Sand casting is a simple technique that uses moulds made of
compact, fine sand.

Expendable , used only once and then abandoned. Sand moulds to form metal parts,
destroyed after one use. Low production rate 9produced by manufacturing process within set
time period. Parts per hour.

Involves uses of a furnace and ladled poured into cavity of sand mold, formed by pattern.
Sand mould sperates along parting line and solidified casting can be removed.

Low wax casting, uses wax models, destroyed divided into sections, each sect is placed in a
clay bed. Plaster mould is built up around it. Sections of mould are assembled. Hox wax is
poured in to form a thin layer inside the mould, repeat to thin coat.

Creates a body a mixture of sand and plaster fills the model, creating a solid core.

These form channels to carry molten bronze and let gases escape.

Rods attached to a wax funnel. Pins inserted to hold plaster core of model in place.
Plaster mould is created layer by layer around wax model. Mould with model inside is ired in
a kiln. The heat melts the wax, which flows out the via the funnel. Wax areas are now empty,
ready for bronze to be poured.core of model is held in place by pins, Heated 1000.c

Bronze is skimmed to remove impurities. Mould is turned upside down.

Bronze is poured into funnel, bronze flows through channels to figure inside mould

After bronze has cooled the mould is broken open

Bronze rods will be removed. Pin holes are plugged. Details of figure are perfected.

Surface finish or patina is created using acid and wax.

Howard Hodgkin

Thames and Hudson LTD London.

A graham Dixon 1994 2001

Usual mixture of blatancy and obliqueness, maybe suggestion with a statement.

Representional emotional situation, Junxtaposition in MEMOIRS, deliberate uneven attention

vivid and dull colour. Assembling together of parts, some distinct some not distinct.

Tradtion of Intimism, most famous being French such as Matisse, Bonnard and Vuillard,
catholic interest in art and density of colour irregular perspective, recession to flatness, juxta
codes, realism and not.

No physical resemblance rather literalnsss close to spirit. Adds dissatisfactions.

Writing 1993

Talk henri Mattiese said ‘Work of art must be able to carry in itself its complete significance
and impose it upon the beholder even before he can identify the subject matter. When I see
the Giotto Frescoes at Padua I o not trouble to recognise which scene of the Life of Christ I
have before me, but I PERCIEVE INSTANTLY the sentiment which radiates from it and
which is instinct in every line and colour. The title is only to confirm my impression.’ 21

Expressive capacities of paint as a carrier of feeling. Mimetic rsponsibilites, pictures of his

maturity to be fulfilled, ot be elsewhere..

More naked raw and skin of paint more vulnerable and membranous. Predicaments and
pleasures. Eloquently. Allusive opaque

Pictorial veilings
Modern art. Old questions,

Modulated pigments,

MRS.K 1966.

No artist can exist outside the framework of his own times,

His resonce to modern period. Twentieth century saw the breakdown of old collusion of art and
its audience, painted likeness of the world might be ideally agreed to look like.

The idea of art aim for perfect mimesis is deeply rooted. Bibles impression

And god said, let us make man in our own image, after our own likeness.

Western art perfect?

Pliny tells us that Zeuxis painted a vine such deceptive lifelikeness that birds flew down from the
trees ti eat from his image. Modern artist have to respond to a world whose accelerated pace of
change has made the gradual adjustment of pictoral style to a new perceptive and reality of
unparallel impossibilities.

Modern reality characterized by instabiliiy, flux . Science revealed world under extreme
magnification. Investigation of matter, animate and inanimate.

Andy Warhol art modern eplains the mass –production reflectionshuman construction cambells
soup tin.

Irregularities of perspection.

Own epistemology,
See and remember art

Shadows are denser than solids. Objects more movement weight than the living.

Emotions exceed perception.

Love Letter

After dinner, technique I thought I had done.

Primitive, occult power of painting.

When did we get morocco 1988

None but THE BRAVE DESERVES THE FAIR 1981

Frank Bowling

Royal academy publications United states Canada, 2015

1960 vibrant art scene, virtuosic style.

Combination of pigments and structural elements, spectacular optical effects. Bigger painting
Simon and matthew 1975.
Feminist Art
https://hyperallergic.com/380348/woman-feminist-avant-garde-of-the-1970s-sammlung-verbund-
mumok-2017/

Penny Slinger, “Wedding Invitation –2 (Art is just a piece of Cake)” (1973), black and white
photograph (© Penny Slinger. Courtesy Gallery Broadway 1602, New York; Sammlung
Verbund, Vienna)
Bride dressed in Mock wedding cake, cut away to vagina, imagery. Connection to Phallocentric
Modernism, idealization and subjugation of the female. Warring of purity, desire, bondage and
freedom.

Univrsial experience, common themes and nested ideas.

Apolitical sometimes

Borgeoisie

Notes

The feminist Avant Garde,

No help no precedent, solution for revolution

Timely and Provacative argues simultaneity. Fem art is not usually defined as avant, despite social
political and correspondence to previous movements historically based on discursive paradigm of
male artist genius.

Feminist organised own exhibiton, mainfestos and pamphlets, associations.

Fuse art with Life. Consciou break.