CMR UNIVERSITY

SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

BANGALORE – 562149

REPORT
ON
“OPERATING SYSTEM ”

Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of the

degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
For the academic year 2019 – 2020

EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
4BEC603

Submitted by

ALFIYA KHANUM - (16UG09002)

DEEPIKA RAJ - (16UG09010)

Under the Guidance of

Prof. Shashidhar M
Assistant Professor
Dept. of ECE, CMRU
Bangalore- 562149
 SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
Department of Electronics and communication
Engineering

Certificate
This is to certify that Mr. /Ms. ALFIYA KHANUM (16UG09002) , DEEPIKA RAJ

(16UG09010) of VI semester has submitted the report in subject EMBEDDED

SYSTEMS , code 4BEC603 prescribed by the CMR University, Bengaluru for the

academic year 2019 – 2020

MARKS

Maximum Marks Marks Obtained

10

Signature of Student

Signature of Faculty-In-Charge Head of the Department

Date: 13/05/2019
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We express our foremost gratitude to our guide Prof. Shashidhar M,

Dept. of Electronics and Communication, CMR University, Bagalur
for his inspiration, adroit guidance, constant supervision, direction
and discussions in successful completion of this dissertation. Our
sincere thanks to all teaching and non-Teaching Staff of Department
of Electronics and Communication for all the facilities provided,
without which, we could not have progressed with my work. Thanks to
our parents who have been a great source of strength in the
completion of this dissertation.

ALFIYA KHANUM - (USN: 16UG09002)

DEEPIKA RAJ - (USN: 16UG09010)
 4BEC603

CONTENTS
Sl Page No
Description
No.
02
1 INTRODUCTION
02
2 DEFINITION

03
3 MEMORY MANAGEMENT

03
4 PROCESSOR MANAGEMENT

03
5 DEVICE MANAGEMENT

04
6 FILE MANAGEMENT

04
7 IMPORATANT FUNCTIONS

04
8 GENERAL PURPOSE OPEARATING SYSTEM

05
9 REAL TIME OPEARTING SYSTEM

Department of E&C Engineering, SOET, CMR University, Bengaluru 1

 4BEC603

INTRODUCTION

An Operating System (OS) is an interface between a computer user and computer hardware. An
operating system is a software which performs all the basic tasks like file management, memory
management, process management, handling input and output, and controlling peripheral devices such
as disk drives and printers. Some popular Operating Systems include Linux Operating System,
Windows Operating System, VMS, OS/400, AIX, z/OS, etc.

DEFINITION
An operating system is a program that acts as an interface between the user and the computer hardware
and controls the execution of all kinds of programs.

Following are some of important functions of an operating System.

 Memory Management
 Processor Management
 Device Management
 File Management
 Security
 Control over system performance
 Job accounting
 Error detecting aids
 Coordination between other software and users

Department of E&C Engineering, SOET, CMR University, Bengaluru 2

 4BEC603

MEMORY MANAGEMENT

Memory management refers to management of Primary Memory or Main Memory. Main memory is a
large array of words or bytes where each word or byte has its own address. Main memory provides a
fast storage that can be accessed directly by the CPU. For a program to be executed, it must in the
main memory.

An Operating System does the following activities for memory management:

 Keeps tracks of primary memory, i.e., what part of it are in use by whom, what part are not
in use.
 In multi programming, the OS decides which process will get memory when and how
much. Allocates the memory when a process requests it to do so.
 De-allocates the memory when a process no longer needs it or has been terminated.

PROCESSOR MANAGEMENT

In multi programming environment, the OS decides which process gets the processor when and for
how much time. This function is called process scheduling.

An Operating System does the following activities for processor management:

 Keeps tracks of processor and status of process. The program responsible for this task is known
as traffic controller.
 Allocates the processor (CPU) to a process.
 De-allocates processor when a process is no longer required.

DEVICE MANAGEMENT

An Operating System manages device communication via their respective drivers. It does the
following activities for device management:

 Keeps tracks of all devices. The program responsible for this task is known as the I/O
controller.
 Decides which process gets the device when and for how much time.
 Allocates the device in the most efficient way.
 De-allocates devices.

Department of E&C Engineering, SOET, CMR University, Bengaluru 3

 4BEC603

FILE MANAGEMENT
A file system is normally organized into directories for easy navigation and usage. These directories
may contain files and other directions.

An Operating System does the following activities for file management:

 Keeps track of information, location, uses, status etc. The collective facilities are often known
as file system.
 Decides who gets the resources.
 Allocates the resources.
 De-allocates the resources.

IMPORTANT FUNCTIONS

Following are some of the important activities that an Operating System performs:

 SECURITY -- By means of password and similar other techniques, it prevents unauthorized

access to programs and data.
 CONTROL OVER SYSTEM PERFORMANCE -- Recording delays between request for a
service and response from the system.
 JOB ACCOUNTING -- Keeping track of time and resources used by various jobs and users.
 ERROR DETECTING AIDS -- Production of dumps, traces, error messages, and other
debugging and error detecting aids.
 COORDINATION BETWEEN THE SYSTEM AND OTHER USERS -- Coordination and
assignment of compilers, interpreters, assemblers and other software to the various users of the
computer systems.

Operating systems are there from the very first computer generation and they keep evolving with time.
The important types of operating systems which are most commonly used are as follows.

GENERAL PURPOSE OPEARATING SYSTEM: -

The operating system which are developed in general computing system, are referred as general
purpose operating system(GPOS). The kernel of such an OS is more generalized and it contains all
kinds of services required for executing generic applications. They are often quite non –deterministic
in their behavior. Their services can inject random delays into application software and cause slow
responsiveness of an application at unexpected times. GPOS are usually developed in company
systems where deterministic behavior is not an important criterion. Personal computers / desktop
system is a typical example for a system where GPOS are
developed.

Department of E&C Engineering, SOET, CMR University, Bengaluru 4

 4BEC603

REAL-TIME OPERATING SYSTEM: -

A real-time system is defined as a data processing system in which the time interval required to
process and respond to inputs is so small that it controls the environment. The time taken by the
system to respond to an input and display of required updated information is termed as the response
time. So in this method, the response time is very less as compared to online processing.

Real-time systems are used when there are rigid time requirements on the operation of a processor or
the flow of data and real-time systems can be used as a control device in a dedicated application. A
real-time operating system must have well-defined, fixed time constraints, otherwise the system will
fail. For example, Scientific experiments, medical imaging systems, industrial control systems,
weapon systems, robots, air traffic control systems, etc.

 There are two types of real-time operating systems.

 Hard real-time systems:
Hard real-time systems guarantee that critical tasks complete on time. In hard real-time systems,
secondary storage is limited or missing and the data is stored in ROM. In these systems, virtual
memory is almost never found.

 Soft real-time systems:

Soft real-time systems are less restrictive. A critical real-time task gets priority over other tasks and
retains the priority until it completes. Soft real-time systems have limited utility than hard real-time
systems. For example, multimedia, virtual reality, Advanced Scientific Projects like undersea
exploration and planetary rovers, etc.

Department of E&C Engineering, SOET, CMR University, Bengaluru 5