2055G

THE GREEN FUEL TREATMENT

BRANCH OFFICE: ADERCO EUROPE S.A.

Chaussée de Louvain 275
B - 1410 Waterloo
Tel: + 32/2.354.46.72 - Fax: + 32/2.354.54.10
Email: info@adercosa.be
Web Site: www.aderco.com
 CONTENTS

Chapters Pages

3
BRIEF INTRODUCTION
3
THE FUEL TREATMENT CONCEPT
4
ADERCO 2055G ADVANTAGES
5
CHARACTERISTICS OF 2055G
HOW DOES ADERCO 2055G WORK 6

FUEL TANKS ISSUES 7

EXPECTED BENEFITS AND EVOLUTION WITH ADERCO 2055G 8

ASPHALTENES 13

HIGH TEMPERATURE CORROSION 17

CATALYST PARTICLE (Al+Si) 18

C.C.A.I. 19

INSTRUCTION SHEET 22

2
BRIEF INTRODUCTION

Aderco Inc. is a Canadian company that is specialized in developing and

producing the latest fuel additives technology.
Our experience covers more than 30 years into the heavy fuel treatment in the
shipping and power plant industries.
More than 1000 world major sea-going vessels and dozens strategic power
plants use on a regular base our fuel additives worldwide.

THE FUEL TREATMENT CONCEPTS

The ADERCO 2055G concepts is the result of experience in solving HFO &
MDO related problems in close co-operation and partnership with our
customers.
The ADERCO 2055G is the latest generation of the fuel treatment available
in the shipping market. The product is a vegetal derivative, which is
environmentally friendly and extremely concentrated.
It answers to the three fundamental issues of the shipping industry,
Efficiency, Economy & Environment.
The operation can be monitored, evaluated and quantified throughout a
systematic approach.
The full advantages of the benefits are achieved through a continuous
usage of ADERCO 2055G fuel additive when the concept is applied to the
vessel’s operation.

3
 ADERCO 2055G ADVANTAGES

PRODUCT VEGETAL DERIVATIVE- ASH LESS √

– METAL FREE

ACTIONS WITH ONE PRODUCT BEFORE – DURING – AFTER √

COMBUSTION

ADDITIVE EFFECT ACTS AS A DETERGENT & HAS √

ONLY A PHYSICAL EFFECT ON
THE HFO

DOSAGE IN HSHFO & LSHFO INITIAL 1 LITRE 27,5 TONS √

SUBSEQUENT 1 LITRE 55 TONS

DOSAGE PUMP NOT REQUIRED X

QUANTITY ON BOARD DUE TO ITS HIGH √
CONCENTRATION LOW QUANTITY
ARE NEEDED ON BOARD

STORAGE NON HAZARDOUS √

TRANSPORT NOT RESTRICTED (allowed by √
airfreight)

HEALTH NON DANGEROUS √

ENVIRONMENT ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY √
DELIVERY FLEXIBILITY & REACTIVITY √
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE WHEN REQUIRED √

4
Characteristics of ADERCO 2055G

ADERCO 2055G is a vegetal derivative and environmentally friendly

detergent/dispersant additive specially formulated to disperse asphaltenes, to homogenize
the fuel, to improve atomisation and to give a better combustion. Aderco 2055G is totally
free of metal.

The surfactant properties

All liquids found in nature are classified as either polar or non-polar. Only liquids of the
same nature can be blended satisfactorily and retain their consistency. Under normal
circumstances a polar liquid cannot be blended with a non-polar liquid and remain
homogeneous. If two liquids of different natures are blended, the mixture will tend to
separate and stratify, as do water and fuel oil.

Figure 1: Graphic representation of a surfactant molecule.

Surfactants (figure 1) are molecules, which have both attributes, polar and non-polar,
within the same structure. This characteristic of surfactants makes them ideal intermediary
products acting to make mixtures of polar and non-polar liquids compatible.

Because of their polar/non-polar characteristics, surfactants do not disperse evenly

throughout the mixture like salt in water. Instead, they seek out interfaces and/or
discontinuities.

Surfactants also act very many like magnets, with north and south poles. Their orientation
will be determined by the nature (either polar or non-polar) of the interface.

The surfactant film at the interface of two liquids of different natures will reduce the
interfacial tension. This phenomenon allows for solutions to be created from two liquids of
different natures.

5
How does ADERCO 2055G work?

Virtual presentation can be watched on http://www.aderco.com/resources.html

ADERCO 2055G is a type of soap specially formulated for solubility in petroleum

products. It works very much like normal soap. Figure 1 illustrates the action of soap and
water on a plate soiled with table fat. In drawing 1, the water contains no soap. It will not
accept the fat, since water is polar and fat is non-polar. Only liquids of the same nature
can be mixed. In drawing 2, soap is added, forming a layer on the exposed fat surfaces. In
a short time, as shown in drawing 3, the soap has lifted the fat from the plate and
enveloped it completely. The soap's final action is to reduce the interfacial tension, as in
drawing 4. Large fat droplets are broken down into very tiny ones dispersed throughout the
water.

Figure 1: Soap acting on fat.

ADERCO 2055G acts exactly the same way in heavy fuel oil. It breaks down large
agglomerations and disperses the tiny particles finely throughout the mixture. Standard
evaluation methods can illustrate this action.

6
 FUEL TANKS ISSUES

HFO
Heavy Fuel Oil is a petroleum product of high density and viscosity. It is made by blending
two elements: a cracked residual oil fraction (high aromatics) and a distillate oil fraction
(cutter stocks). The HFO 380 RMG, for instance, contains a high proportion of residual oil.

The problems
Incompatibility/stability:
Incompatibility: due to the nature of their composition, every HFO
possess its own chemical characteristics.
Consequence: two HFO sourced at different suppliers or at a
different time, can provoke high precipitations of asphaltene
sludge if mixed together.

Stability: In some conditions the stability of the HFO can be altered.

Consequence: each fraction (light and heavy) will separate in the storage tanks

Asphaltene:

Asphaltene is a natural hydrocarbon compound commonly found in

fuel. Usually the content of asphaltene in fuel ranges between 1 wt%
to 12 wt% but higher value can be found. The asphaltene molecules
are very large in size with a high molecular weight. They remain in
suspension in the fuel but over time can be affected by too much
heating or cold thermal shock (ballast tank walls).
Consequence: asphaltene molecules oxidize, degrade and lead to precipitations of
asphaltene sludge.

Sludge:
Sludge is made of solid and semi-solid impurities of different
nature which accumulate in the bottom of the storage tanks.
Consequence: they tend overtime to accumulate together and
cause problems throughout the filtration & purification process.
They can be removed from tanks but at great expense.

Oxidation:
Aromatic structures, generally found in a high proportion in
cracked heavy oil (high proportion of carbon with double bonds “
benzene ring” with hydrogen single bonds) are sensitive to
oxygen, either in air or water.
Consequence: these structures react to form gums and acids.
These gums further increase the quantity of suspended solids in the fuel. The acids
liberated contribute to fuel storage system corrosion.

7
 Benefits and evolution when using
ADERCO 2055G

Phase 1: INITIAL

Initial double dosage applied to all storage tanks:

1 litre ADERCO 2055G for 27,5 mT Fuel Oil in the bunker tanks before bunkering*

Subsequent single dosages:

1 litre ADERCO 2055G for 55 mT Fuel Oil in the bunker tanks before bunkering*

* The additive can be added 24 hours prior bunkering.

8
 Phase 2: EFFICIENCY

First 10 days after initial dosage:

ü Drain carefully the water at the settling tank.

ü More activity could be noticed on first filtration.

ü After 10 days the operation will come back to normal routine.

Purposes Without additive With additive

Stops fuel
incompatibility

Asphaltenes
dispersion

Sludge
regeneration

Water settles
down

9
 Phase 3: EFFICIENCY

After 1.000 to 1.200 running hours:

ü Reduction of the deposits and sludge in the filters.

ü Possibility to extend the cleaning intervals.
ü Deposits in the purifiers are reduced and the carbon in the bowl is easy to
remove.
ü Possibility to extend the flushing intervals at the purifiers.
ü Reduction of the carbon fallouts at the funnel.
ü Cleaning of the bunker tanks are in process.

Purposes Without additive With additive

Clogging filters
Purifiers fouling

Purifiers
conditions

Atomisation &
combustion

10
 Phase 4: EFFICIENCY-ECONOMY

After 1.800 and 2.000 running hours:

ü Cleaning of the bunker tanks are still in process.

ü Settling and service tanks are cleaned up.
ü Reduction of the workload on filtration and separation.

ü Carbon deposit on piston top land is reduced, rings become free in their grooves.
ü Reduction of the sludge in the stuffing boxes.
ü Less fouling on the exhaust valves.
ü Extension of the cleaning intervals on the turbo charger gas side.
ü Soot in the economiser is light and dry.

Purposes Without additive With additive

Piston

Rings Pack &

Scavenger ports

Stuffing Boxes

11
 Phase 5: ECONOMY & ENVIRONMENT
After 3.400 and 3.600 running hours:

ü The storage, settling and service tanks are now cleaned.

ü The fuel line is also clean.
ü Reduced workload filters and separators.
ü Reduced cleaning stuffing boxes & scavenges areas workload.
ü Reduced exhaust valves deposits.
ü Reduced fouling in turbocharger at turbine side.
ü Reduced soot in economiser and cleaning intervals extension.
ü Reduced smoke emissions and carbon fallouts.

Purposes Without additive With additive

Turbo Charger

Exhaust Gas
Boiler

Sludge deposit
on the tanks
bottom

12
ASPHALTENES

Asphaltenes have two properties, which make them undesirable in all filtration, purification
and combustion systems.

First property

Very large molecules: the asphaltenes molecule is an assembly of aromatic rings,

chemically bound in a plane. These molecules are very large, and have no boiling point.

Figure 1

The condensed aromatic rings exist in the form of a non-homogeneous flat sheet (figure 1).

Second property

Agglomerations: Most asphaltenes exist in solution in fuel oil like salt in water. Due to their
relative polarity they naturally tend to attract each other, resulting in agglomerations of
asphaltenes molecules in solution. These agglomerations are asphaltenes molecules stacked
atop one another (physically bonded). If each asphaltenes would represent a sheet of paper,
such an agglomeration would resemble a book (figure 2).

Figure 2

13
Before atomisation

Asphaltenes precipitations

The risk of Asphaltenes precipitation into the fuel stored in a double bottom or wing tanks
could be generated by a thermal shock on fuel itself (lack of heating or a cold wall tank
beside a water ballast), a fresh water contamination or by evaporation of the fuel cutter
stocks.

Fuel systems

The Asphaltenes precipitation generates the problem as: clogging filters, solid sludge
production, sticking injection pumps.

During atomisation

Combustion & after combustion

These large solid agglomerations contained into the fuel atomisation, are very difficult to
burn during the combustion process, because their typical residence of 0.1 second in the
zone flame is insufficient to burn completely. As consequence a dramatic carbon fouling
on the pistons, rings and four the 4 stroke a dramatic unburned carbon material
contamination within the lubricating oil.
The slow burning materials can provoke also a rise-up of the exhaust temperature.

Figure 4. Figure 5.

Labs picture showing the Asphaltenes precipitation. The heavy fuel oil combustion.

14
How does ADERCO 2055G work?
As we saw in figure 2, Asphaltenes sheets agglomeration in layers to form a book-like
structure.

ADERCO 2055G is a surfactant, which attacks these agglomerations by breaking them

into individual Asphaltenes, as shown in figure 6, and preventing them from re-
agglomeration.

Figure 6

Schematic representation, how of the ADERCO 2055G acts on the Asphaltenes.

ADERCO 2055G does not work by altering the molecular structure of the Asphaltenes
through a chemical reaction.
Instead, it simply breaks apart the agglomerations into smaller, as shown in the pictures7
and 8, the effectiveness of ADERCO 2055G can be seen clearly through the microscope
techniques.

Figure 7 (without ADERCO) shows the asphaltenes phase after evaporation of the liquid
fraction. Note that asphaltenes deposits are continuous and totally agglomerated. This fuel
could cause poor combustion with formation of large quantities of unburned material.

Figure 7

Asphaltenes precipitation fuel oil not previously treated with ADERCO 2055G
Magnified 4140 X with a scanning electron microscope.
15
Figure 8 shows the same fuel treated with ADERCO 2055G. Note that the asphaltenes
phase is now completely broken down into tiny fragments. The same fuel treated with
ADERCO would give improved, more thorough combustion with far less unburned
material.

Figure 8

Asphaltenes precipitation, fuel oil previously treated with ADERCO 2055G

Magnified 4140 X with a scanning electron microscope.

By using ADERCO 2055G , the large agglomerated Asphaltenes will break down into
smaller units as consequence the fuel will remain more homogenised before the
atomisation minimising drastically the risk of clogging filters, purifiers fouling and sticking
injection pumps.
The smaller units burn more easily in the flame zone, thereby reducing the amount of
unburned carbon residue in the combustion chamber, piston ring grooves, lubricating oil
and in the flue gas.

Figure 9

Heavy fuel oil combustion with ADERCO 2055G .

16
 HIGH TEMPERATURE CORROSION

The problem

The problem of high temperature corrosion originates with the vanadium found in varying
concentrations (normally from 25 - 500 ppm) in all heavy fuel oils (HFO).

During normal operation some of this vanadium is deposited inside the boiler, where
oxidizing conditions prevail (excess O2 and high temperatures). The vanadium then
undergoes the following chemical reactions:

4V + 3O2 = 2V2O3
2V2O3 + O2 = 2V2O4
2V2O4 + O2 = 2V2O5

Vanadium is a multiple stage-oxidizing element. It is first transformed into V2O3 (melting

point around 1967oC), then into V2O4 (melting point around 1967oC), and finally into
V2O5 (melting point around 690oC). Because of their high melting points the first two
vanadium oxides (V2O3 and V2O4) do not create any special problems other than fouling.
The third vanadium compound, vanadium pent oxide (V2O5), has a very low melting point.

In the high temperature section of the boiler (exhaust valves, turbo charger blades),
ambient temperatures are much higher than the melting point of vanadium pent oxide.
Molten vanadium ash is formed. Its aggressive effect on the exhaust valves and turbo
charger material causes what is known as high temperature corrosion.

How does ADERCO 2055G work?

ADERCO 2055G is surface-active agents specially synthesized to break down the

agglomerations of the asphaltenes in solution and disperse them in minute particles
throughout the mixture. The asphaltenes precipitation during gasification still occurs, but
the precipitate is now finely dispersed rather than agglomerated.

These finely dispersed asphaltenes are much more likely to burn completely, and much
less soot is produced. Less tube fouling will results, and less vanadium will remain to be
transformed into V2O5.

Instead, most of the asphaltenes will be oxidized in the flame, yielding carbon dioxide
(CO2), water vapour (H2O), vanadium tri oxide (V2O3) and vanadium tetra oxide (V2O4).
At flame temperature, chemical equilibrium is toward V2O4, with very little V2O5.

V2O3 and V2O4 both have a high melting point. At this stage they exist as atomic
particles. Before they have had time to transform into undesirable V2O5, they will be
carried out the stack by the flue gasses.

17
 CATALYST PARTICLES

The problem?

Catalyst particles (Al-Si) are an increasing occurrence in modern fuel oil. Furthermore,
they are highly abrasive for diesel engine internal parts.

To obtain optimum fuel cleaning it is of prime importance to operate the centrifuge with as
low a viscosity of the fuel as possible (highest fuel oil temperature as possible) and allow
the fuel to remain in the centrifuge bowl as long as possible (reduce the fuel throughput).
The available equipment, always limits the limit on how clean the fuel is.

ADERCO 2055G contribution

ADERCO 2055G additive is totally organic (no metallic content) surface-active agent
(surfactant), which breaks up and disperses very finely the heavy end agglomerations of
heavy fuels such as asphaltenes, gums and resins. On account of this action, the purifier
units in a cleaner condition, by breaking down the water emulsion and a fuel viscosity
reduction of 10% which assists in catalyst particles elimination in the centrifuge.

ADERCO 2055G additives are an added security in the case of high content of catalyst
particles, since it will assist in their elimination in the centrifuge.

18
 C.C.A.I. (CALCULATED CARBON AROMATIC
INDEX)

As you know, the refining processes produce heavier residual fuels.

Since few time, to reduce the incompatibility and instability tendencies of cracked fuels,
they use low viscosity flux ants (aromatic) with as a result a poor combustion due to an
ignition delay...

The 4 stroke engines are more sensitive to the high C.C.A.I. because the percentage of
fuel flow injected during the ignition timing is more important than in the 2 stroke engines.

The poor fuel ignition quality leads to detrimental effects towards the combustion chamber,
an increasing of the exhaust gas temperature, a dramatic rise of the turbo charger fouling
too much soot in the waste heat boiler economiser due to an incomplete combustion when
the gases are expelled out of the cylinder.

For the Chief Engineer, the only way to evaluate the ignition fuel quality is to use the
C.C.A.I. chart.

The fuel viscosity (CST 50°C) and the density at 15°C are the only criteria required to
make the check (c.f. figure attached page 21).

Because ADERCO 2055G reduces by 30% the size of the fuel droplets during the
atomisation, ADERCO improves the fuel ignition with a better, more complete combustion,
in that way the exhaust gases are totally burnt when they are expelled.

So that ADERCO 2055G overcomes dramatically the problems issued from too high
C.C.A.I. with:

ü Improved combustion.
ü Reduction of 20°- 30°C of the exhaust gas temperature.
ü Reduction of carbon formation on the exhaust valves and corrosion at high
temperature.
ü Reduction of the turbo charger fouling.
ü Economiser of waste heat completely clean of soot.
ü Less insoluble in lubricating oil.

19
 ADERCO 2055 G

Regular dosages for 2 stroke and 4 stroke engines

First injection: 1 litre per 27,5 tons of fuel

Subsequent injections: 1 litre per 55 tons of fuel

F Only the 4 stroke engines & depending of the C.C.A.I.,

the dosage should be adjusted as follows:

C.C.A.I. Up to 845: 1 litre per 55 tons.

Up to 855: 1 litre per 40 tons.

Over 855: 1 litre per 30 tons.

Over 865: the fuel is not recommended for 4 strokes engines.

ADERCO 2055G is to be poured in the storage tanks through the sounding

pipe, vent pipe or manhole.

Better results if ADERCO 2055G is added before bunkering.

We recommend the Chief Engineer to evaluate the fuel C.C.A.I. before

starting each bunkering with the monogram for deriving C.C.A.I. and to adapt
the ADERCO 2055G dosage following the results.

20
21
 INSTRUCTION SHEET

ADERCO 2055G FUEL OIL ADDITIVES

1/ ADERCO CAN HELP YOU

u HIGH INSTABILITY/INCOMPATIBILITY
u HIGH SLUDGE CONTAMINATION
u HIGH ASPHALTENES
u HICH CARBON RESIDUES
u HIGH CCAI VALUES
u HIGH SEDIMENTS
u HIGH VANADIUM

FOR MORE DETAILS PLEASE REFER TO INSTRUCTION MANUAL.

2/ DOSAGE INSTRUCTIONS

F INITIAL DOSAGE: 1 LITER PER 27,5 TONS OF FUEL*

F OTHER DOSAGE: 1 LITER PER 55 TONS OF FUEL*

* The additive can be added 24 hours prior bunkering.

TO BE POURED IN THE MAIN FUEL TANKS OR DOUBLE BOTTOM TANKS

THROUGH THE FEED-LINE, SOUNDING OR VENT PIPES BEFORE
BUNKERING.

IF THE TANK IS ALREADY FILLED, POUR THROUGH THE SOUNDING OR

VENT PIPES AND BLOW AIR ON IT TO DISPERSE.

AS SOON AS THE ADERCO ADDITIVE IS INTRODUCED INTO THE FUEL,

DESLUDGING PROCESS IS ENGAGED.

WATCH THE FILTERS, SEPARATOR AND DRAIN THE TANKS REGULARLY

FOR THE FIRST WEEK.

22
3/ PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS

u APPEARANCE LIQUID
u COLOR BROWN
u FLASH POINT 146° C
u POUR POINT -21° C
u SPECIFIC GRAVITY 0.94 gr./ml
u VISCOSITY 320 CST AT 20° C

4/ HANDLING

NORMAL PRECAUTIONS FOR HANDLING PETROLEUM PRODUCT

SHOULD BE OBSERVED:

IF SKIN CONTACT DOES OCCUR:

FWASH AFFECTED AREAS WITH SOAP AND WATER.

IF EYE CONTACT DOES OCCUR:

FIMMEDIATELY WASH WITH COPIOUS AMOUNTS OF CLEAN
WATER OR AN EYEWASH SOLUTION FOR AT LEAST 10 MINUTES.

5/ SHIPPING & FREIGHT CLASSIFICATION

IN PLASTIC PAIL OF 20 LITRES–WEIGHT NET: 18,80 KG – GROSS: 20,0 KG

UN NUMBER: N/A
NOT REGULATED FOR TRANSPORT
EEC LABEL REQUIRED: (X) IRRITANT

23