Mekong Delta Conference

20/6/2014
6/2013, Ho Chi Minh

Excavation investigation and FEM analysis of

enlarged base part around nodular piles installed
by Hyper-MEGA method
Phương pháp khoan lấy mẫu và phân tích phần tử hữu
hạn của phần mở rộng mũi xung quanh cọc đốt được thi
công bằng công nghệ Hyper-MEGA

 Phan Văn Quảng

JAPAN PILE
 Content 20/6/2014

1. Introduction

2. Excavation Investigation

3. FEM Analysis result

JAPAN PILE
 Introduction 20/6/2014

COPITA data (Concrete Pile Installation Technology Association)

1989 2012
Construction performances of precast concrete
pile according to construction method

JAPAN PILE
 Experience in Japan of the Hyper-MEGA method 20/6/2014

High-rise Since the method was developed in

Bridge・Highway 2006, more than 10,000 sites have
Medium-rise executed in Japan.
In 2011, more than 2,000 sites was
executed for a year.
Low-rise

JAPAN PILE
OBVECTIVE
● Introdution Low strength
cement
The quality (finished work quality and strength, etc) of High strength
cement
enlarged grouted base is an important factor expressing
the bearing capacity.

Surrounding Soil
There have been very few instances of direct validation
of the quality of enlarged grouted base of piles, which
have been subjected loading tests to ultimate bearing
capacity.

Static pile-toe load tests were conducted until ultimate

Enlarged Grouted
Base Part 2m
bearing capacity was reached for pre-bored pile with
nodular pile (Hyper MEGA Method).
After load tests, the quality of enlarged grouted base
were investigated for the excavated pile.
Bearing Layer

Excavation part
OVERVIEW OF EXCAVATION INVESTEGATION
● Overview of the soil and the investigated piles
N Vule No.1 No.2
(m) Soil Property
0 10 20 30 40 50
Gravel mixed
1
with clay 12 Specification of
2 20 enlarged grouted base
3 18
4 19 No. 1 2
5 Clayey gravel
24
6 Nodal diameter
18 500 440
Dn
7 19
8 42
Shaft diameter
9 38 400 300
D
Pedestal
10 37 Jack
11 Gravel mixed 50 Enlarged Diameter of enlarged
12 with clay Grouted grouted base 680 620
57
Base De
13 82 680 620 mm
14 58 mm mm
15 Enlarged grouted 680 / 500 =1.36 (No.1)
39 base diameter 620 / 440 =1.41 (No.2)
Relationship of the soil boring log and the investigated piles
OVERVIEW OF EXCAVATION INVESTEGATION
● Overview of the excavated pile
Composition of the excavated pile
Lower pile Upper pile
No.
(enlarged base part)
Jack
(normal excavation part)
1 SC nodular pile: 2 m Jack + pedestal: 1 m PHC pile: 10 m
2 PHC nodular pile: 2m Jack + pedestal: 1 m PHC nodular pile: 10m
Hydraulic pipe

Upper pile
Gas pipe for
Jack measuring
displacement of
upper surface

Pedestal
Lower pile of jack
SC nodular pile Jack

Jack
Gas pipe for
measuring

Pedestal
displacement of
lower surface
of jack

Lower pile (PHC nodular pile)

Lower pile (SC nodular pile)

Enlarged grouted base

Enlarged grouted base

No.1 No.2
No.1 pile
No.2 pile
LOADING TEST RESULTS

● Relationships between Pp and Sp

Pile toe load (4448 kN) at disp.(50mm)

Normal excavation
6000 of 10% the nodular diameter
No. No.1
Rp
No.2

part
Jack
Sp
Pp when displacement
5000 R
is 10% of pnodal 4448 3911
Pile toe load Pp (kN)

Non-linear least squares

Enlarged grouted part

estimation for exponential curves diameter (kN)

4000 Rp2

Pile toe load (3910 kN) at disp.(44mm) Pp when displacement

3000 of 10% the nodular diameter is 10% of grouted base 4654 4024
diameter (kN) R
3290kN :The load limit of the installed jack p1
Pile toe resistance of enlarged base part Rp1
2000 No.1
p maximump1
R =R +R
p2
No.2 Measured
1000 Rp Pile load
toe bearing capacity
5210 3290
Curve estimated from Weibull Rp1 Pile toe resistance of enlarged base part
Rp2 friction resistance of the enlarged base part
Pp (kN)
0
0 50 100 150 200 250
Pile toe displacement Sp (mm)
EXCAVATION PROCEDURE

Work status of pulling up pile

Casing
Lower pile
Casing閉塞装置
ケーシング

3-point Upper
pile pile
三点式杭打機 Enlarged
根固め部base
driver
Enlarged part

Excavated
掘出し杭
base part
pile

① A. Set casing - insert casing to

ケーシングセット B.
② Operate
閉塞装置作動 sealing device - C.
③ Excavate
掘出し杭引上げ and pull up
　　～所定深度までケーシング挿入
required depth 　　　　～ケーシング引上げ
pull up casing 　　　～根固め部引上げ
enlarged base part
INTERNAL QUALITY INVESTEGATION

● Perpendicular to pile

Section in the direction

perpendicular
Soil Cement to the pile

Cut surface perpendicular toNo.2

pile

There was no detachment of soil

NO.2
Cutting positions of excavated
enlarged grouted base (No.2)
cement from the pile, adhesion
status was good, and cracks or
failures were not observed.
INTERNAL QUALITY INVESTEGATION

● Axial direction to pile

Section in the direction

perpendicular
Soil Cement to the pile

No.2
Cut surface in the axial direction

There are no detachment of soil

cement from the nodular pile over
Section in the axial direction
the whole enlarged grouted base.

Cutting positions of excavated Failures of grouted base was not

enlarged grouted base (No.2) occurred during the loading test.
STRENGTH OF SOIL CEMENT

Compressive strength
Perpendicular to the pile Axial direction to the pile
No. 2 Variation 2 Variation
Compressive strength (N/mm ) Compressive strength (N/mm )
cofficient cofficient
Average Minimum Maximum (%) Average Minimum Maximum (%)
No.1 13.2 9.0 17.5 20.0 - - - -
No.2 11.2 5.8 16.1 24.7 10.9 5.0 15.5 29.6

Large gravel

Direction perpendicular to the pile Sampling status

Direction of the pile shaft

ESTIMATED FAILURE PATTERN OF ULTIMATE BEARING CAPACITY

● Failure pattern estimated in ultimate state of enlarged grouted base

1. Slip due to 2. Failure of soil cement 3. Failure of soil

breakage of adhesion of enlarged grouted base around pile toe

Pattern.1 Pattern.2 Pattern.3

Enlarged grouted base

Enlarged grouted base

Compression
FEM Analysis for soil cement strength of H-M method

Pile diameter: Φ800-600, t=90mm

Distance between nodular: 1000mm

Stress transmitted to the soil cement

of enlarged base from nodular pile
was concentrated more in lower part
than in the lowermost node.

No damage such detachment from

nodular pile or crack was observed in
soil cement below the lowermost
node.

Contour of stress
FEM Analysis for soil cement strength of H-M method

25

荷重Pp （ｋN) 20

15

10
Load

弾性（破壊しない）
Elastic (non-collapsed)
強度　15N/mm2
Strength 15N/mm2
5
Strength 20N/mm2
強度　20N/mm2
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
変位量 Sp (mm)
Displacement

The relation between Ps and Sp depends on strength of

enlarged grouted base.
FEM Analysis for soil cement strength of H-M method

Necessary strength of enlarged grouted base

Average N-Value around pile toe

N=5 N=20 N=40 N=60

ω=1.00 1.0 5.0 9.4 16.1

ω=1.25 1.0 6.0 10.4 17.8

Enlarged ratio ω=1.50 1.0 7.2 11.5 18.6

ω=1.75 1.0 7.2 12.8 19.0

ω=2.00 1.0 7.2 14.3 19.4

This strength was decided by results of FEM

CONCLUSION

From the investigations on the outer surface and internal parts

of the enlarged grouted base of the excavated pile, it was
confirmed that the on-site soil and cement milk were uniformly
mixed and stirred
It was confirmed that no damage such as detachment or crack
occurred in the soil cement of the enlarged grouted base.

Under the test, the enlarged grouted base was sound against
the ultimate bearing capacity determined by the soil, and the
failure pattern was confirmed to be soil failure.

By FEM analysis, the relationship between the bearing capacity

and strength of soil cement is also investigated.