JAWHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY KAKINADA

ELURU COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY; ELURU

DEPARTMENT OF E.C.E.

II Year B.Tech ECE II Semester(R10)

ANALOG COMMUNICATIONS
LAB MANUAL

Department of Electronics & Communication engineering

ELURU COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY; ELURU

Affiliated to JNTU Kakinada,

Approved by AICTE, New Delhi,

(On NH-5 ByPass, Duggirala (village), ELURU-534 004

Andhra Pradesh

INDIA
Analog Communications MAT LAB Programs

1. AMPLITUDE MODULATION
Simulation in Mat Lab

Program:

am=2;

ac=4;

ka=am/ac;

fm=5;

t=0:0.0001:1;

fc=50;

m=am*sin(2*pi*fm*t);

subplot(3,1,1);

plot(t,m);

c=ac*sin(2*pi*fc*t);

subplot(3,1,2);

plot(t,c);

lsb=(ka*ac/2)*cos(2*pi*fc*t-2*pi*fm*t);

msb=(ka*ac/2)*cos(2*pi*fc*t+2*pi*fm*t);

x=c+lsb-msb;

subplot(3,1,3);

plot(t,x);

GRAPH: Plot the waveforms on the graph sheet

RESULT:
 2. FREQUENCY MODULATION
Simulation in Mat Lab

Program:

t=0:255;

t=t/256;

f=2;

fc=20;

b=5;

m=sin(2*pi*f*t);

c= sin(2*pi*fc*t);

xc=cos(2*pi*fc*t+b*m);

subplot(3,1,1);

plot(t,m);

subplot(3,1,2);

plot(t,c);

subplot(3,1,3);

plot(t,xc);

GRAPH: Plot the waveforms on the graph sheet

RESULT:
 3. DSB-SC (Balanced Modulator)
Simulation in Mat Lab

Program:

fm=2;

fc=20;

t=0:0.0001:1;

am=0.75;

ac=1;

mi=am/ac;

mt=am*sin(2*pi*fm*t);

subplot(3,1,1);

plot(t,mt);

title('Double Sideband supressed carrier');

ct=ac*sin(2*pi*fc*t);

subplot(3,1,2);

plot(t,ct);

lsb=cos((2*pi*fc*t)-(2*pi*fm*t));

msb=cos((2*pi*fc*t)+(2*pi*fm*t));

st=((am*ac)/2)*(lsb-msb);

subplot(3,1,3);

plot(t,st);

GRAPH: Plot the waveforms on the graph sheet

RESULT:
 4. SSB-SC
Simulation in Mat Lab

Program:

fs=200;

t=(1:100)/fs;

y=sin(2*pi*10*t);

%figure(1);

subplot(3,2,1);

plot(t,y);

xlabel('time');

ylabel('Amplitude');

title('Modulating Signal');

s=fft(y,512);

w=(0:255)/256*(fs/2);

abs_s=abs(s(1:256));

%figure(2);

subplot(3,2,2);

plot(t,y);

xlabel('frequency');

ylabel('Magnitude of Fourier Transform');

title('Frequency content of Sine wave of 10 hz');

mod_out=amod(y,50,fs,'amssb');

%figure(3);

subplot(3,2,3);

plot(t,mod_out);

xlabel('time');

ylabel('Amplitude');
title('SSB-SC');

fft1_out=fft(mod_out,512);

abs_out=abs(fft1_out(1:256));

%figure(4);

% subplot(3,3,4);

% plot(w,abs_out);

% xlabel('frequency');

% ylabel('Magnitude of Fourier Transform');

%title('Frequency content of Sine wave of 10 hz');

demod_out=demod(mod_out,50,fs,'amssb');

%figure(5);

subplot(3,2,4);

plot(t,demod_out);

xlabel('time');

ylabel('Amplitude');

title('Demodulated output');

GRAPH: Plot the waveforms on the graph sheet

RESULT:
Analog Communications LAB Multi-Sim Programs

SPECTRUM ANALYSIS OFAM (DSB –SC) SIGNAL USING

SPECTRUM ANALYZER
SIMULATION IN MULTISIM SIMULATION SOFTWARE:-

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:-

PROCEDURE:-

1. Construct the network as shown in circuit diagram.

2. Select function generator –I and set frequency 1.2MHz, 10V p-p
sine wave.
3. Select another function generator-2 and set frequency 0.8 MHz,
8V p-p, sine wave.
4. Select multiplier in ‘f’ of component tool bar. Connect function
generators 1&2 outputs to the input terminals X & Y of
multiplier.
5. Connect multiplier output to spectrums analyzer and set the
values as follows.
 Set spam to 3MHz and centre to 1.8 MHz
 Clicks enter. The frequency value of f-start automatically
set to 1.8 MHz - 3/4 MHz = 300 kHz.
 The frequency value of f–end is automatically set to 1.8
MHz+3/2 MHz = 3.3 MHz
 Since the amplitude of the component is about 8*10/2=40V
and set amplitude range to 20V in linear mode.
6. Run the simulator.
 7. Double click on the spectrum analyzer.
8. Click start and wait until the signal stabilizes.
9. By using cursor on the screen, measure amplitude and frequency
of each signal. The values of two frequency components must be
2 MHz (1.2MHz+0.8MHz) and 0.4 MHz (1.2-0.8 MHz) with 40 V
amplitude.
10. Draw the observed spectrum on graph /semi log sheet.

RESULTS:-
 PULSE WIDTH MODULATION
SIMULATION IN MULTISIM SIMULATION SOFTWARE:-

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:-

PROCEDURE:-

1. Select 555 IC in mixed component tool bar.

2. Construct the circuit as per the given circuit diagram.
3. Select function generator and set frequency to 200 Hz,
70V p-p and connect it to the circuit and channel-1 of CRO.
4. Connect PWM output to channel -2 of CRO.
5. Observe and note down the pulse width variation in the PWM
signal.
6. Sketch the wave forms on the graph sheet.

RESULTS:-
 PULSE POSITION MODULATION
SIMULATION IN MULTISIM SIMULATION SOFTWARE:-

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:-

PROCEDURE:-

1. Select 555 IC in mixed component tool bar.

2. Construct the circuit as per the given circuit diagram.
3. Select function generator and set frequency to 200 Hz,
70V p-p and connect it to the circuit and channel-1 of CRO.
4. Connect PWM output to channel -2 of CRO.
5. Observe and note down the pulse width variation in the PWM
signal.
6. Observe and note down the PPM signal in channel -2 of CRO.
7. Sketch the wave forms on the graph sheet.

RESULTS:-
 PULSE AMPLITUDE MODULATION & DE MODULATION
SIMULATION IN MULTISIM SIMULATION SOFTWARE:-

CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS:-
PROCEDURE:-

MODULATION:-

1.Construct the Circuit as per the Circuit diagram

2.Select function generator -1 as a modulating signal, sine wave and
set frequency 100 Hz and amplitude 2V p-p, and connect it to the
circuit and channel-1 of CRO.
3.Select another function generator -2 as clock pulse and set
frequency 2 KHz with 40% duty cycle (square wave) and amplitude
10V p-p, & connect to the circuit.
4.Connect the circuit output to the channel -2 of CRO.
5.Run the simulation and observe the double polarity PAM signal.
6.For single polarity PAM introduce DC voltage (offset) in function
generator -1 from IV to 1.5 V and observe the single polarity PAM.

DEMODULATION:-

1. Remove PAM output from CRO channel -2 and connect it to PAM

input of demodulator.
2. Connect demodulator output to channel -2 of CRO.
3. Observe and note down the demodulated signal.
4. Plot all the wave forms on graph sheet.

RESULTS:-
 FREQUNCY SYNTHESIZER
SIMULATION IN MULTISIM SIMULATION SOFTWARE:-

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:-

PROCEDURE:-

1. Select TTC in components tool bar and pick up 7493 N in 74

series 1Cs.
2. Construct the circuit as per the circuit diagram.
3. Select function generator and set amplitude 5V, square wave with
50% duty cycle and apply it to the input of the Circuit and
channel-1 of CRO.
4. Connect QB QC QD out puts alternatively to the channel -2 of
CRO.
5. Observe and note down at IC pin numbers 9, 8, & 11 how
frequency is dividing.
6. Sketch the wave forms on the graph sheet.

RESULTS:-