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Yautia
produces an edible and starchy corm. Yautia is native to Northern South America
which is raised or grown widely in various parts of the world. This plant is also
cultivated in the Philippines, they are also entirely known in Cuba and Puerto Rico. It
climates with well-drained fertile soil. It is widely used for the consumption process.
Yautia (X. sagittifolium) grows up to 1.5 to 2 meters in height. The plant have
arrowhead to heart shaped leaves and the tubers have dark brown-orange skin which
possesses wiry hair and the flesh inside the corm is white. The milky juice of the plant
could provide irritation to the skin. It is rich in copper, vitamin B6, carbohydrates,
Plastic
The word plastic came from the Greek word “plastikos”, which means it is
capable of being molded. Plastics can be hard just like metal or soft like a silk. Plastics
can be conveniently divided into two categories. First is the semi-synthetic in which the
basic chain structure is derived from a natural product, such as cellulose; and synthetic,
which is built up chemically from small units or monomers. Despite the various
applications of plastics, drawbacks have been encountered in three major points. Firstly,
there are certain chemicals used in the manufacture of. Plastics that may cause allergic
reactions. Three is a need man from this threat. Secondly, since cellulose films are
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biodegradable; they are readily attacked by bacteria. Films and packaging materials
from synthetic polymers are normally attacked at a very low rate. New polymers such
is nylon, polyvinyl chloride and Polystyrene have replaced cellulose, the pioneer plastic
(Helmenstine, 2016).
Since Polystyrene is known to leach styrene, which can damage the nervous
system. The hotter the food is the more styrene leaches from those containers which
means using them for hot foods and drinks may be worst of all. Another plastic is the
plastic #3 which is the Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) that can be found in bags for bedding,
plastic toys, meat wrap and packs used to store medications. This plastic contains
systems of wildlife disrupted, causing testicular cancer, genital deformations, low sperm
counts and infertility in a number of species, including polar bears, deer, whales and
plastics that can easily be decomposed and make no harm to the environment. In which,
most of the organic plastic, that is oftentimes used today, end up in landfills. Covered
below each one of them, poisonous chemicals just like mentioned above from plastics
With this study, if organic plastic will not end up in the landfills, it will pile up
for an average of 450 years considering some bottles takes 1000 years to biodegrade
becomes part of the land. Plastics can contain more and more of preservatives. Any
plastic can extract, depending on the conditions just like the temperature and also what
organic plastic, especially in toys or other products for children, and products that
Plastic bags are harmful by polluting the environment. About a hundred million
plastic bags are used every year in the US alone. If someone considers the huge
economies and population of India, China, Europe and other parts of the world, numbers
countries like India; which organic plastic bags are highly used by everybody. Every
year, more and more bags are ending up littering the environment. If plastics are just
left in a public place, plastics find their way into the water ways, roads, and beaches,
resulting in floods and possibly withdrawing toxicity to both the place and living things
that are in the area; if burned, it will fill the air with toxic fumes. There are a thousand
animals killed every year due to this waste. Many animals ingest plastic bags mistaking
it for food, and the likes, causing a havoc to them internally and eventually die. What’s
worse is that they are non-biodegradable. The decomposition takes place in about 400
Plastic model compounds having ether linkage were reacted in sub- and
naphthol was attained by the reaction in 3 ml of water including basic additives at 703
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crystals interleaved with layers of viscoelastic proteins. The resulting structure yields
unique mechanical properties. In this study, we focus on the thin viscoelastic layers
between the tiles and on their role on the mechanical properties of the shell. (Meyers
Bioplastic
from renewable raw materials. There are normally two forms of biodegradable plastic,
injection molded and solid. The solid forms normally are used for items such as food
decompose unless they are disposed of properly, meaning that biodegradable plastics
must be treated similarly to compost. The natural breakdown of the plastic will not occur
if it is simply tossed in a landfill with other trash. This is something that concerned
citizens will need to be mindful of. Some scientists also suggest that greenhouse gases
are locked within the plastic and are released into the atmosphere when composted.
these plastics do not contain the harmful chemicals and materials that traditional plastics
do.
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that when biodegradable plastics break down, those metals will be released into the
issues.
The benefits would seem to outweigh any potential drawbacks, but the question
After formation, regular plastics hold carbon. When they are disposed of and
begin to decompose or when they are melted, that carbon is then released into the
atmosphere, which as we all know that carbon can increase the greenhouse effect in the
atmosphere. Biodegradable plastics do not release carbon, because carbon is not present
on the manufacturing process. Methane and other forms of pollutants can also be
released from traditional plastic when they are recycled and burned. This is not the case
with biodegradable plastics, which do not contain materials that can cause any type of
pollution.
One of the many positive aspects of biodegradable plastics is that they are able
to be broken down by naturally occurring bacteria, which again will be beneficial to the
environment.
Aside from a slightly higher cost to produce, biodegradable plastics hold many
advantages over standard plastics, with a lesser impact on the environment being one of
The unique semicrystalline nature of most thermoplastic polymers lies at the basis of
their (lack of) heat resistance and the variations which can be observed in thermal
structures consist of crystalline regions, in which the polymer chains are organized into
orderly crystalline platelets and amorphous regions, spread out in between the
crystalline parts, in which no specific degree of order is observed except for that of a
Meulenar, F. Devlieghere and Ludwig Cardon, 2015) No clear protocol nor parameter
exist to define the heat resistance of a polymer, but several parameters can give an
Biodegradable plastics are made from all-natural plant materials. These can
include corn oil, orange peels, starch, and plants. Traditional plastic is made with
chemical fillers that can be harmful to the environment when released when the plastic
is melted down. With biodegradable plastic, you get a substance made from natural
sources that does not contain these chemical fillers, and does not pose the same risk to
the environment.
The process of making biodegradable plastics begins with the melting down of
all the materials. That mixture is then poured into molds of various shapes such as plastic
As stated by Jian-Hua, Jia-li Wang, Xiao Wu and Pu-xin Zhu in their research
observed based on the isotherms. Above this saturation content, phase separation of the
performance and abrasion resistance, as well as water vapor sorption of the starch blend
films, the three‐stage transition was presented to be related to the state of glycerol in the
blend system, i.e. adsorption of glycerol onto H‐bonding sites of starch, supersaturation
Starch
such as Glycerol, ethylene glycol (EG), poly ethylene glycol (PEG, 600, 1000) was
selected as plasticizer to add into starch sheets. (Carbohydrate Polymers, 2003) Results
shows that adding glycerol was an excellent plasticizer to starch in order to improve the
ductility of the sheets. While the starch-based mixture’s content is increasing, the tensile
poly ethylene glycol (PEG, 600, 1000) was selected as plasticizer to add into starch
sheets. Glycerol, ethylene glycol (EG), poly ethylene glycol (PEG, 600, 1000) was
selected as plasticizer to add into starch sheets (Kalambur S. & Syed S.H., 2006).
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resources from the agricultural industry, are an essential innovation. This innovation
The use of starch-based material in order to produce bioplastic is using the idea
of raw materials through the growing age of technology today. The use of bioplastic is
means the responsible use of available natural resources and production processes that
take environmental aspects and natural circulations into consideration (Jürgen Lörcks,
1998).