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  • 29 Antipsychotics Agents & Lithium Drugs: Cause

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    This document summarizes several classes of drugs used to treat schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. It describes the mechanisms of action and side effects of first-generation antipsychotics like phenothiazines and haloperidol, second-generation atypical antipsychotics, lithium, and newer agents for bipolar disorder. Common side effects among the drugs include extrapyramidal symptoms, sedation, weight gain, and hyperprolactinemia. Lithium has uncertain mechanisms of action but is used long-term to prevent mood swings in bipolar disorder. Carbamazepine, lamotrigine, and valproic acid are newer agents that can also be used for acute mania or the depressive phase

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    This document summarizes several classes of drugs used to treat schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. It describes the mechanisms of action and side effects of first-generation antipsychotics like phenothiazines and haloperidol, second-generation atypical antipsychotics, lithium, and newer agents for bipolar disorder. Common side effects among the drugs include extrapyramidal symptoms, sedation, weight gain, and hyperprolactinemia. Lithium has uncertain mechanisms of action but is used long-term to prevent mood swings in bipolar disorder. Carbamazepine, lamotrigine, and valproic acid are newer agents that can also be used for acute mania or the depressive phase

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    20 vizualizări1 pagină

    29 Antipsychotics Agents & Lithium Drugs: Cause

    Încărcat de

    mich siendo
    This document summarizes several classes of drugs used to treat schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. It describes the mechanisms of action and side effects of first-generation antipsychotics like phenothiazines and haloperidol, second-generation atypical antipsychotics, lithium, and newer agents for bipolar disorder. Common side effects among the drugs include extrapyramidal symptoms, sedation, weight gain, and hyperprolactinemia. Lithium has uncertain mechanisms of action but is used long-term to prevent mood swings in bipolar disorder. Carbamazepine, lamotrigine, and valproic acid are newer agents that can also be used for acute mania or the depressive phase

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    din 1

    29 ANTIPSYCHOTICS AGENTS & LITHIUM drugs

    PHENOTHIAZINES & THIOXANTHENE:


    MOA: blockade of D2 receptors more than 5-HT2a receptors DRUGS:
    FOR: schizophrenia, bipolar disorder/antiemetic, >CHLORPROMAZINE –M-receptor block, H1-receptor block
    preop sedation, pruritus >THIORIDAZINE- M-receptor block, QT prolongation
    TXY: Extensions of effects on A & M-receptors, >FLUPHENAZINE – least a-receptor block
    block of dopamine receptors = akathisia, dystonia, *THIOTHIXENE- H1-receptor block
    parkinsonian symptoms, tardive dyskinesia, and COMMON EFFECTS: a& M-BLOCK, CNS depression, sedation,
    hyperprolactinemia decreased seizure threshold

    BUTYLROPHENONE:
    MOA: blockade of D2 receptors more than 5-HT2a receptors DRUGS:
    FOR: schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, Huntington’s chorea, >HALOPERIDOL – some a-receptor block, minimal M-receptor
    Tourette’s syndrome block, less sedation than phenothiazine
    TXY: Extrapyramidal dysfunction

    ATYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTICS
    MOA: blockade of 5-HT2 receptors more than D2 DRUGS:
    FOR: Schizophrenia (improve positive & negative symptoms), >ARIPIPRAZOLE – major depression
    bipolar disorder, agitation in Alzheimer’s & Parkinson’s >CLOZAPINE - some a-block, M-receptor block
    >OLANZAPINE - M-receptor block, Bipolar w/ lithium
    TXY: Agranulocytosis (clozapine), Hyperprolactinemia >QUETIAPINE-
    (risperidone), QT prolongation (ziprasidone), diabetes, >RISPERIDONE – some a-block, Bipolar w/ lithium
    hypercholesterolemia, wt gain (clozapine, olanzapine). >ZIPRASIDONE - some a-block
    COMMON: variable H1-receptor block

    LITIUM
    MOA: uncertain, suppresses inositol signaling, inhibits GSK-3
    FOR: Bipolar disorder -prophylactic use can prevent mood swings between mania & depression
    TXY: Tremor, edema, hypothyroidism, renal dysfunction, dysrhythmias, pregnancy c: D, clearance ↓ by thiazides and nsaids
    EFFECTS: No antagonizing actions on autonomic nervous system receptors/ CNS receptors • no sedative effects

    NEWER AGENTS FOR BIPOLAR DISORDER


    MOA: unclear

    DRUGS:
    >CARBAMAZEPINE –acute mania, prophylaxis in depressive phase
    cause: diplopia, ataxia
    TXY: Hematotoxicity and induction of P450 drug metabolism

    >LAMOTRIGINE - acute mania, prophylaxis in depressive phase


    cause: nausea, dizziness, headache
    TXY: rash

    >VALPROIC ACID – 1st choice in acute mania


    cause: GI distress, possible wt. gain, alopecia
    TXY: tremor, liver dysfunction, weight gain, inhibition of drug

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