LICENSURE EXAMINATION FOR TEACHERS (LET)

Refresher Course

WHAT TO EXPECT

MAJORSHIP: Physical Education, Health and Music

Focus: Team Sports (Basketball, Softball, Volleyball)

LET Competencies:

1. Recall the historical background of the different team sports.

2. Identify the facilities and equipment use in the sport.
3. Mechanical analysis of the basic skills.

PART 1 - CONTENT UPDATE

TEAM SPORTS

BASKETBALL

A. HISTORY

1. Basketball came to existence through the ingenuity of Dr. James Naismith.

2. It was first played in 1891 at Springfield, Massachusetts, YMCA.
3. The first ball used was a soccer football, because of its ability to bounce uniformly.
4. The first baskets were peach baskets suspended from the traditional running track of so
many gymnasiums built in that period.
5. Heights of the baskets were determined by the running track or balcony height.
6. The first team had nine players, three forwards, three centers, and three guards.
7. Later it became optional to reduce five, and finally five was selected as the best number.
8. As late as 1950, a total of 16 foreign nations had hired Americans to teach the game
abroad, conduct clinics, and act as consultants in schools and cities.
9. Basketball was first used in Olympic Games in 1936 in Berlin where the United States
toyed with all oppositions.
B. FACILITY AND EQUIPMENT

1. Playing Court – Length – 28 meters; Width – 15 meters

- Boundary line
- Center line, center circle and semi-circles
- Free throw lines, restricted areas and free-throw rebound places
- Three point field goal area
- Team bench areas

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 2. Equipment

- Backstop units, consisting of:

 Backboards
 Baskets comprising rings and nets
 Backboard support structures including padding
- Basketballs
- Game clock
- Scoreboard
- Twenty-four second device
- Stopwatch or suitable device (not the game clock) for timing time-outs
- Two separate, distinctly different and loud signals
- Score sheet
- Player foul markers
- Team foul markers
- Alternating possession arrow

C. MECHANICAL ANALYSIS OF THE BASIC SKILLS

1. PASSING – Regardless of which pass is used, certain factors are common to all
passes.

a. For firm control, hold the ball with the thumb and finger pads and not with the
palms of the hands.

b. Passer step forward in the direction of the receiver. Passes should be made
with a quick arm extension and a snap of the wrists, with thumbs and fingers
providing momentum.

c. After the pass is released, the palms should be facing the floor.

d. Avoid telegraphing the direction of the pass. Learn to use peripheral vision and
keep eyes moving from place to place to develop an awareness of the
teammates’ positions.

e. Anticipate the spot toward which a teammate will be moving to receive the
pass.

2. CATCHING – Receiving the ball is a most important fundamental skill. Many turn
overs involve failure to handle a pass properly.

a. Move toward the pass with the fingers spread and relaxed, reaching for the
ball with elbows bent and wrists relaxed.

b. Hands “give” as the ball comes in.

3. DRIBBLING – It is used to advance the ball, break for a basket, or maneuver out
of a difficult situation.

a. The knees and trunk are slightly flexed, hands and eyes forward. Peripheral
vision is important. Do not look beyond the ball and see it in the lower part of the
visual area.

Team Sports: Basketball/Softball/Volleyball

Dr. Rosalina Elizabeth N. Edralin

b. The ball is propelled by the fingertips with the hand cupped and relaxed. There
is a little arm motion. Push rather than slap the ball.

c. The dribbling hand should be alternated.

4. SHOOTING – The primary objective of the game is to score goals.

a. Both the toes and the shoulders face the basket. The weight is evenly
distributed on both feet. The ball is held between the shoulder and eye level.

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 b. A comfortable grip, with fingers well spread and the ball resting on the pads of
the fingers is essential. One should be able to see daylight between the palm of
the hand and the ball.

c. The eye is fixed on the target (the rim or the backboard) for the rest of the
shot. As the shot starts, the wrist is cocked.

d. The follow-through imparts a slight backspin to the ball. The arms are fully
extended, the wrist is completely flexed, and the hand drops down towards the
floor. The arch should be 45 degrees or a little higher.

5. PIVOTING – It is a maneuver that protects the ball by keeping the body between
the ball and the defensive player.

a. The ball is held firmly in both hands, with elbows out to protect it.

b. One foot, the pivot foot, must always be in contact with the floor. Turning on
that foot is permitted, but it must not be dragged away from the pivot spot. The
lead foot may, however, step in any direction.

SOFTBALL

A. HISTORY

1. George Hancock of Chicago, Illinois, started the game softball in 1889 and Lewis
Rober of Minnesota in 1895.
2. The game took different names at different times such as playground ball, kitten ball,
recreation ball, four old cats, and ladies ball.
3. Walter Hakanson gave the official name of Softball.

B. FACILITY AND EQUIPMENT

1. Playing Field – It is the area within which the ball may be legally played and fielded.
It has a clear and unobstructed area within the minimum radius of 220 ft. for junior
and women fast pitch; or 250 ft. for junior and men fast pitch.

 The One meter (3 ft.) line is drawn parallel to and 0.91 m (3 ft) from the
baseline, starting at a point halfway between home plate and first base.
 The Batter’s On-Deck circle is a 1.52m (5 ft) circle 0.76m (2 1/2 ft) radius
placed adjacent to the end of players’ bench or dugout area closest to the
home plate.
 The Batter’s Box, one on each side of home plate, 3 ft by 7 ft.
 The Catcher’s Box 10 ft in length from the rear outside corners of the batters’
boxes and 8’ 5” wide.
 Each Coach’s Box is behind a line 15 ft drawn outside the diamond. The line
is parallel to and 12 ft5 from the first and third baselines, extended from the
bases toward home plate.

Team Sports: Basketball/Softball/Volleyball

Dr. Rosalina Elizabeth N. Edralin

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  The Home Plate is made of rubber. It is a five sided figure 17 inches wide,
across the edge facing the pitcher. The sides is parallel to the inside lines of
the batter’s box and 8 ½ inches long. The sides of the point facing the
catcher are 12 inches long.
 The Pitcher’s Plate is made of rubber 24 inches long and 6 inches wide.
a. The top of the plate shall be level with the ground
b. The front line of the plate shall be the following distance from the
outside corner of home plate:
1. Male Fast Pitch (Adult and Junior) – 14.02m (46 ft);
2. Female Fast Pitch (Adult and Junior) – 13.11m (43 ft)

 The Bases, other than home plate is 15 inch square and shall be made of
canvas or other suitable material, and not more than 5 in inches thickness.
The bases should be securely fastened in position.

2. Bat is round and smooth and not more than 34 inches long and 38 ounces in weight.

3. Ball is 12 ½ inches in circumference and 6 ¼ ounces in weight.

4. Gloves and Mitts – Any player may wear a glove, but only the catcher and first
baseman may use mitts.

4. Shoes should be worn by all players.

C. MECHANICAL ANALYSIS OF THE BASIC SKILLS

1. Gripping the Ball

a. The thumb is on one side, the index and middle fingers on top, and the other
fingers supporting along the other side.

2. Throwing

Overhand Throw

a. Secure a firm grip on the ball, raise the throwing arm to shoulder height and bring the
elbow back.

b. The hand with the ball is then brought back over the head so it is well behind the
shoulder at about shoulder height.

c. The left side of the body is turned in the direction of the throw, and the left arm is
raised in front of the body.

d. The weight is on the back (right) foot, with the left foot advanced and the toe touching
the ground.

e. The arm comes forward with the elbow leading, and the ball is thrown with a
downward snap of the wrist.

f. The body weight is brought forward into the throw, shifting to the front foot.

g. There should be a good follow-through so the palm of the throwing hand faces the
ground at completion of the throw.

h. The eye should be on the target throughout, and the arm should be kept free and
loose during the throw.

Team Sports: Basketball/Softball/Volleyball

Dr. Rosalina Elizabeth N. Edralin

4
 Sidearm Throw is much the same as the overhand throw, except that the entire motion is
kept near a horizontal plane. It is used for shorter, quicker throws and employs a whip like
action.

a. Swing the arm out from shoulder and around parallel to the ground.

b. The throw curves more because a side-spinning action is usually parted to the ball on
release.

c. There is generally some body lean toward the side of the throwing arm.

Underhand Throw

a. The throwing hand and arm brought back, with palm facing forward, in a pendulum
swing. The elbow is bent slightly.

b. The weight is mostly on the back foot.

c. The arm comes forward, almost in a bowling motion, and the ball is tossed. The weight
shift to the front foot during the toss.

d. The flight of the ball should remain low and arrive at about waist height.

3. Pitching

Slingshot Delivery

a. Grip the ball with index finger and middle finger on top of the ball with the ring finger to
the side and thumb underneath. Both feet must be in contact with pitcher’s plate, facing
the batter, and holding the ball momentarily in front with both hands.

b. The pitcher takes one hand from the ball, extends the right arm forward, and brings it
back in pendulum swing, positioning the ball well behind the body.

c. A normal stride taken toward the batter with the left foot begins the throwing sequence
for a right-handed pitcher.

d. The arm is brought forward with an underhanded slingshot motion, and the weight is
transferred to the leading foot.

e. Only one step is permitted. The follow-through motion is important.

Windmill Delivery is an alternate pitching motion in which the arm describes a full arc
overhead, moving behind the body and then forward toward the batter.

a. The arm goes into full extension on the downward swing in the back, gathering
momentum as the forward motion begins.

b. The pitch is otherwise the same as the normal motion.

4. Fielding

Fly Balls

a. For a low ball, the fielder keeps the fingers together and forms a basket with the
hands.

b. For a higher ball, the thumbs are together, and the ball is caught in front of the chin.

c. The fielder should give with her hands, and care must be taken with a spinning ball to
squeeze the hands sufficiently to stop the spinning.

d. The eye is on the ball continually until it hits the glove or hands.

e. The knees are flexed slightly when receiving and aid in giving when the ball is caught.

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 Grounders

a. The fielder should move as quickly as possible into the path of the ball and then move
forward and play the ball on a good hop.

b. The eyes must be kept on the ball, following into the hands or glove.

c. The feet are spread, the seat is kept down, and the hands are carried low and in front.
The weight is on the balls of the feet or on the toes, and the knees are bent to lower the
body.

d. As the ball is caught, the fielder straightens up, takes a step in the direction of the
throw, and makes the throw.

5. Batting

a. The batter stands with the left side of the body toward the pitcher. The feet are spread
and the weight is on both feet.The body should be facing the plate.

b. The bat is held with the trademark up, and the left hand grasps the bat lower than the
right. The bat is held over the right shoulder, pointing both back and up. The elbows are
away from the body.

c. The swing begins with a hip roll and a short step forward in the direction of the pitcher.
The bat is then swung level with the ground at the height of the pitch.

d. The eyes are kept on the ball until it is hit. After the hit, there must be good follow-
through.

6. Base Running

a. In running to first base, run in all out sprint. Run through first base to the other side
without slowing.

b. In rounding bases, touch base with outside foot, do not break stride. Use banana
approach, turn sharply and accelerate away from base.

c. In sliding, the slide begins 10 feet from base. Hands and arms are extended in most of
the slides.

Team Sports: Basketball/Softball/Volleyball

Dr. Rosalina Elizabeth N. Edralin

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VOLLEYBALL
A. HISTORY

1. William G. Morgan of Holyoke City, Massachussetts created a game called Mintonette

in 1895.
2. Dr. A. F. Halstead renamed it to Volleyball.
3. Elwood S. Brown introduced it in the Philippines in 1910.
4. It was first played as demonstration sport in the 1964 Tokyo Olympics.

B. FACILITY AND EQUIPMENT

1. Playing Area – It includes the playing court and the free zone. It shall be rectangular and
symmetrical.

a) The playing court is a rectangle measuring 18 x 9 m, surrounded by a free zone which is

a minimum of 3 m wide on all sides.

The free playing space is the space above the playing area which is free from any
obstructions. The free playing space shall measure a minimum of 7 m in height from the
playing surface.

Lines on the Court

Boundary lines
Center line
Attack line

Zones and Areas

Front Zone
Service Zone
Substitution Zone
Libero Replacement Zone
Warm-up Area
Penalty Area

2. Net

a. The net is placed vertically over the center line whose top is set at the height of 2.43 m for
men and 2.24 m for women.

b. It is 1 m wide and 9.50 to 10 m long, made of 10 cm square black mesh.

c. Two side bands are fastened vertically to the net and placed directly above each sideline.

d. An antennae is a flexible rod 1.80 m long and 10 mm in diameter. It is fastened at the outer
edge of each sideband.

3. Posts

a. The posts supporting the net are placed at a distance 0.50 -1.00 m outside the sidelines.
They are 2.55 m high and preferably adjustable.

b. The posts are rounded and smooth, fixed to the ground without wires.

4. Balls

a. The ball shall be spherical, made of a flexible leather or synthetic leather case with a
bladder inside made of rubber or a similar material.

b. Its color may be a uniform light color, or a combination of colors.

c. Its circumference is 65-67 cm and its weight is 260-280 g.

Team Sports: Basketball/Softball/Volleyball

Dr. Rosalina Elizabeth N. Edralin

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C. MECHANICAL ANALYSIS OF THE BASIC SKILLS

1. SERVING

Underhand Serve

a. The server stands facing the net with the left foot slightly forward and the weight on
the right foot.

b. The ball is held in the left hand with the left arm across and a little in front of the body.

c. The ball is lined up with a straight forward swing of the right hand. The left-hand
fingers are spread, and the ball rests on the pads of these fingers.

d. On the serving motion, the server steps forward with the left foot, transferring the
weight to the front foot, and at the same time brings the right arm back in preparatory
motion.

e. The right hand now swings forward and contacts just below the center. The ball can
be hit with an open hand or with the fist (facing forward or sideward).

f. An effective follow-through with the arm ensures a smooth serve.

Overhand Serve

a. The server stands with the left foot in front and the left side of the body turned
somewhat toward the net. The weight is on both feet.

b. The ball is held in the left hand directly in front of the face. The ball must be tossed
straight up and should come down in front of the right shoulder.

c. As the ball is tossed, the weight shifts to the back foot. The height of the toss is a
matter of choice, but from 3 to 5 feet is suggested.

d. As the ball drops, the striking arm comes forward, contacting the ball a foot or so
above the shoulder. The weight is shifted to the forward foot, which can take a short step
forward. The contact is made with the open palm or with the fist. An effective serve is
one that has no spin – a floater.

2. Passing (or Returning)

Forearm Pass (Underhand Pass)

a. The body must be in good position to ensure a proper volley. The player must move
rapidly to the spot where the ball is descending to prepare for the pass.

b. The trunk leans forward and the back is straight, with a 90 degree angle between the
thighs and the body. The body is bent, and the body is in partially crouched position, with
the feet shoulder apart.

c. The hands are clasped together, so that the forearms are parallel. The clasp should be
relaxed, with the type of handclasp a matter of choice. The wrists in either case are turned
downward, and the elbow joints are reasonably locked.

d. The forearms are held at the proper angle to rebound the ball, with contact made with
the fists or forearms between the knees as the receiver crouches.

Team Sports: Basketball/Softball/VolleyballDr

Dr. Rosalina Elizabeth N. Edralin

8
 Overhand Pass

a. The passer moves underneath the ball and controls it with the fingertips. Feet should
be in an easy, comfortable position, with knees bent.

b. The cup of the fingers is made so that the thumbs and forefingers are close together
and the other fingers are spread. The hands are held forehead high, with elbows out and
level with the floor.

c. The passer contacts the ball at above eye level and propels it with the force of spread
fingers, not with the palms. At the moment of contact, the legs are straightened and the
hands and arms follow-through.

d. If the ball is a pass to a teammate, it should be high enough to allow for control. If the
pass is a return to the other side, it can be projected forward with more force.

3. Spiking

a. Approach – Take 3-4 steps near the side and attack lines with the last step taken with
the stronger leg.

b. Step-close take –off- Transfer the momentum of the body into a vertical direction.
Heels of both contact the floor with the weight shifted forward to the toes during the
last step.

c. Arm movements – Swing both arms forward and upward during the take- off. Extend
left arm directly upward above the shoulder and the right arm is bent into a throwing
position. Left elbow leads the swing, followed by an extension of the spiking arm.
Contact ball with the heel of the open hand. To impart a spin, snap wrist over the ball.

d. Blocking – Jump into the air directly in front of the spike, with the arms extended in an
effort to block the ball and at the same time to rebound it off the arms into the spiker’s
court.

REFERENCES
Atkins, Ken (2004) BASKETBALL Offenses and Plays, Human Kinetics PO Box 5076,
Champaign IL 61825-5076

Bauzon, Orlando D. and De Jesus, Virginia B. (2000) TEAM SPORTS, SLA Publishing House.

Bertuci, Bob and Peterson, James (1992) VOLLEYBALL DRILL BOOK Published by Masters
Press A Division of Howard W. Sames and Company.

FIBA OFFICIAL BASKETBALL RULES (2010).

Howard, Robert A. (1996) AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE FUNDAMENTAL TECHNIQUES OF

VOLLEYBALL Copyright by Allyn and Bacon A. Simon and Chuster Company Needhams
Height, Massachussetts.

http://en. Wikipedia.org/wiki/Basketball Rules and Regulations

Mood, Dale et. Al. (1991) SPORTS AND RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES FOR MEN AND
WOMEN Mosby Yearbook Inc.

OFFICIAL RULES OF SOFTBALL (2010-2013)

OFFICIAL VOLLEYBALL RULES (2009-2012).

Schmottlack, Neil and McManama, Jerre (1997) PHYSICAL EDUCATION HANDBOOK, A

simon and Schuster Company.

Viera, Barbara L. and Ferguson, Bonnie Jill (1996) VOLLEYBALL DRILL BOOK Published by
Masters Press A Division of Howard W. Sames and Company.

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 PART II: ANALYZING TEST ITEMS

Competency No. 1. Recall the historical background of different team sports.

1. Who created the game of basketball?

A. Walter A. Hakanson C. Kareem Abdul Jabbar
C. James A. Naismith D. William J. Morgan

The correct answer is B.

Dr. James A. Naismith was a member of the teaching staff of the International Training
School at Springfield, Massachusetts. He conceived the game as a solution to the problem
of the school’s winter Physical Education program. A peach basket was first used as the
hoop. After each score the ball had to be taken out of the basket before the play could be
resumed.

Option A and D: they we both inventors of sports. Walter A. Hakanson was the first person
to first call the game softball while William J. Morgan created a game called Mintonette or
volleyball.

Option C: Kareem Abdul Jabbar was one of the best players in the NBA.

Competency No. 2. Identify facilities and equipment.

2. What equipment is worn by the catcher in softball for safety?

A. Mask and body protector C. Mask and Mitt
B. Glove and Uniform D. Spikes and Mask

The correct answer is A.

A mask, throat guard and chest guard must be worn by catcher in fast pitch and are
recommended in slow pitch softball.
Option B: Glove and uniform is required to be worn by all players in a softball;l game.

Option C: Mask is worn by the catcher, but mitt s is limited to first baseman and catcher.

Option D: Spikes or any other type of sharp projections on the shoes are usually
prohibited except in higher levels of competition.

Competency No. 3. Recognize bio-mechanics and skills.

3. What is the position of the spiker’s hand at the beginning of the forward swing to hit the
ball?
A. Over the spiker’s head
B. Over the spiker’s right shoulder
C. Out to the side of the spiker’s shoulder
D. Above and slightly behind the spiker’s head

The correct answer is D.

The ball is contacted just in front of the hitting shoulder. The greater the distance the ball
is in front of the spiker, the lower it drops before contact and the greater the chance of it
being hit into the net.

Options A, B, and C: All three options results in one common error. Balls contacted over
the right, out to the side of the piker’s shoulder, and over the spiker’s head, the hard driven
spike consistently go-out-of bounds.

BASKETBALL

4. What was the original type of basket used for basketball?

A. peach basket B. sewing basket
C. fish basket D. trash basket

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5. Which is used for timing periods of play and intervals between them?
A. 24-second device B. Game clock
C. Stopwatch D. Wristwatch

6. Which movement would be most efficient when shooting a lay-up from the right side of the
basket?
A. Take off from the left foot, shoot with right hand.
B. Take off from right foot, shoot with right hand.
C. Take off from left foot, shoot with both hands.
D. Stand on both feet, shoot with right hand.

7. Which statement concerning the pivot is untrue?

A. It is an offensive maneuver.
B. It is a defensive maneuver.
C. It is a method of evading an opponent.
D. It is executed by lifting both feet from the floor.

8. What is the most significant factor to stress when executing a pass?

A. handling the ball with the fingers
B. using a wrist snap upon release
C. stepping into the pass
D. keeping the elbows in

9. What is the most executed factor in the execution of an accurate bounce pass?
A. Lowering the release point
B. Rotating the wrists inward
C. Initiating the pass with a stride
D. Having correct point of contact on the floor

10. Where should a player’s eyes be focused when dribbling?

A. downward in order to control the ball
B. forward in order to pass to a teammate
C. forward in order to alternate hands quickly
D. downward in order to see the feet of a defensive player.

SOFTBALL

11. In what city did softball originate?

A. Springfield, Massachussetts
B. Detroit, Michigan
C. Chicago, Illinois
D. Cleveland, Ohio

12. What equipment is worn by the catcher for safety?

A. mask and mitt
B. cleats and mask
C. glove and uniform
D. mask and body protector

13. When is the sidearm throw used most often?

A. When the pitcher is pitching
B. when the infielders used to make a good throw
C. When the right fielder is attempting to throw out a base runner at the first base
D. When the catcher is attempting to throw out a runner stealing second base

14. Which grip should be used if the batter wants to hit a long ball?
A. hands spread about 2 inches
B. hands together at the bottom of the bat
C. hands together about 1 inch from the bottom of the bat
D. hands together about 3 inches from the bottom of the bat

15. What is the most important consideration for an infielder when fielding a ground ball?
A. Charging the ball
B. Getting in front of the ball
C. Getting the glove down immediately
D. Keeping the weight on the balls of the feet

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16. What technique is used to pitch an incurve?
A. rotate wrist upward
B. rotate wrist to the left
C. rotate wrist downward
D. rotate wrist to the right

17. What is the correct procedure for a right- handed person to use on an overhead throw?
A. Face the target, step ahead on the left foot.
B. Face the target, step ahead on the right foot.
C. Left shoulder toward target, step ahead on the right foot.
D. Left shoulder toward target, step ahead on the left foot.

VOLLEYBALL

18. William G. Morgan invented a game in 1895. What team sport is this?
A. Volleyball
B. Basketball
C. Softball
D. Soccer Football

19. What is the dimension of the volleyball playing court?

A. 28 meters x 15 meters
B. 225 feet x 220 feet
C. 9 meters x 18 meters
D. 22 feet x 40 feet

20. In hitting the forearm pass, what is the reason for hitting the ball on the inner part of the
forearms?
A. So the pass will be legal.
B. So the ball can be hit below the waist.
C. So there is a flat surface for rebounding the ball.
D. So the speed of the oncoming ball can be absorbed.

21. What movements contribute to the height of the jump in hitting a spike?
A. leg extension
B. arching the back
C. upward movement of the arms
D. leg extension and upward movement of the arms

22. What parts of the hands should contact the ball in hitting the overhand pass?
A. the finger pads and thumbs
B. the heels of the hands, finger pads, and thumbs
C. the palms of the hands, finger pads, and thumbs
D. the thumbs and finger pads of the first two fingers

23. When should the blocker extend his or her arms upward for the block?
A. just before reaching the peak of the jump
B. as he or she jumps upward to block the ball
C. as he or she moves into position to jump for the block
D. as the spiker begins the forward motion for the spike

24. What direction should a player face when preparing to jump to block a spike?
A. sideways to the net
B. squarely facing the net
C. facing the opposing team’s setter
D. facing the line of the spiker’s approach

25. Where is the ball held when the server is going to hit an overhand serve?
A. Waist high, diagonal to the right side line
B. Waist high, directly toward the right side line
C. chest high, toward the net and in line with the right shoulder
D. Chest high, toward the net and in line with the left shoulder

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 ANSWER KEY

Team Sports (Basketball, Softball, Volleyball)

1. B 6. A 11. C 16.C 21.D

2. A 7. C 12. D 17. D 22. A
3. D 8. C 13. B 18. A 23. B
4. A 9. D 14. B 19. C 24. B
5. B 10. B 15. C 20. C 25. C

PART III: ENHANCING TEST TAKING SKILLS

1. When does the timer stop the clock?

A. When the official gives the hand signal.
B. When the scorers’ buzz alerts the official of a substitution.
C. When the official’s whistle blows.
D. When two opposing players collide attempting to get a loose ball.

2. How many seconds may a defensive player stay in the lane?

A. 3 seconds
B. 5 seconds
C. 10 seconds
D. No time limit

3. If after receiving a pass a player makes a two-step stop, what is he permitted to do?
A. Pivot in any directions on the front foot.
B. Pivot in any directions on the back foot.
C. Pivot in any directions on either foot.
D. Pivot in any directions on both feet.

4. A foul is committed against a player who is able to make the goal in spite of the
fouls. Does the shot counts?
A. No, a free throw is awarded.
B. No, a jump ball is called.
C. Yes, a free throw is awarded.
D. Yes, the other team takes the ball out of bounds

5. The offensive team plays a fast break, what is the best shot for the player close to the
basket do?
A. Lay-up shot
B. Set shot
C. Jump shot
D. Fall away shot

6. A violation is committed by the defensive team and the ball is out of play. The ball
situation is called
A. Jump ball
B. Dead ball
C. Time-out
D. Delay of game

7. Player A is cutting for the basket and runs into Player B who has established a guarding
position. What is the official’s decision?
A. Blocking on Player A
B. Blocking on Player B
C. Charging on Player B
D. Charging on Player A

8. An offensive player happened to return the ball to the back court and a violation
occurs. What is the penalty for the violation?
A. Jump ball
B. One free throw
C. Two free throws
D. Opponent’s ball out-of-bounds

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9. An inning is that portion of a game within which the teams alternate on offense and
defense. For an official game the minimum number of innings is
A. Seven
B. Six
C. Five
D. Four

10. For a pitch ball to be counted as a strike it must pass over the strike zone. Where is the
batter’s strike zone?
A. Between the shoulders and ankles and over the home plate.
B. Between the neck and the top of the knees and over the home plate.
C. Between the armpits and the top of the knees and over the home plate.
D. Between the waist and the top of the knees and over the home plate.

11. A legally batted ball is said to be fair when it

A. settles in fair territory in the infield.
B. touches fair territory and rolls foul in the infield.
C. rolls outside third base into the outfield.
D. hits foul territory in the outfield and bounces fair.

12. A batter-runner successfully hit a fair ball and reaches first base. The next batter in the
line-up hits a fly ball and was caught by a fielder. When does the base-runner advance
to another base?
A. As soon as the ball is hit
B. As soon as the ball is caught
C. As soon as the ball leaves the pitcher’s hand
D. The base runner may not advance to another base on a fly ball

13. The bases are loaded and the on-deck batter interferes with the defensive player’s
opportunity to make a play on the runner. Who is called out?
A. The batter
B. The runner on first
C. The runner on second
D. The runner on third

14. Softball is played in innings and run is the unit in scoring. What determines the winner of
a game?
A. The team that scores five runs first
B. The team that makes the fewest errors
C. The team that has the most hits in a regulation game
D. The team that scores the most runs in a regulation game

15. The outfielders support the basemen in fielding balls. Which base is usually not backed
up by the pitcher?
A. First base
B. Second base
C. Third base
D. Home

16. The bases are loaded with no outs. The batter swings and misses a third strike. How is
the batter put out?
A. The catcher must hold the ball to put the batter out.
B. The catcher must tag the batter to make the out.
C. The catcher must throw to first to put the batter out.
D. The batter is automatically out.

14
17. What position in the serving order a player takes if he/she re-enters the game?
A. His or her original position
B. The serving position
C. The left front position
D. Any position

18. A toss coin is performed by the first referee between the two team captains before the
match. What choices does the winner of the toss coin have?
A. First serve or team area in that game
B. First serve in the first or second game
C. First serve and team area in that game
D. First serve in the first and second game

19. A hit is any contact with the ball by a player in play. When may a player hit the ball twice
in a row?
A. Never
B. When the first hit was an attempted block
C. When the hits are made with different body parts
D. When the first hit was a ball recovered from the net

20. A back row player on the serving team spikes the ball into the opponent’s court. The
spike was behind the attack line when jumping to make the spike. What was the
decision?
A. Legal play
B. Point
C. Side-out
D. Replay

21. The service is the act of putting the ball in play. What is the most important aspect of the
serve?
A. The placement of the ball
B. The height of the ball
C. The speed of the ball
D. The spin on the ball

22. A block attempt is the action of blocking without touching the ball. If two or more players
attempt to block a spike at the same time what is this called?
A. A team block
B. An attack block
C. A multiple block
D. A simultaneous block

23. The officiating officials cause the game to progress with as little interference as possible.
Which of these directs the match from the start until the end?
A. Head official
B. First referee
C. Umpire
D. Head Referee

24. A playing area does not have the required clearance above the court. A serve hits the
ceiling. What is the ruling?
A. Play continues
B. Reserve
C. Second serve
D. Side-out

25. A player is permitted to penetrate into the opponent’s space under the net, provided that
this does not interfere with the opponent’s play. Which event is a center line violation?
A. Stepping on the center line
B. Touching the opponent’s playing area with the hands
C. Stepping on center line and opponent’s playing area
D. Having one or both feet on or above the center line

15
 PART IV– KEY TO CORRECTION

Part II: Analyzing Test Items Part III: Enhancing Test Taking Skills

1. B 1. D
2. A 2. C
3. D 3. B
4. A 4. A
5. B 5. A
6. A 6. B
7. C 7. D
8. C 8. D
9. D 9. B
10. B 10. A
11. C 11. B
12. D 12. C
13. B 13. B
14. B 14. A
15. C 15. C
16. C 16. D
17. D 17. D
18. A 18. A
19. C 19. B
20. C 20. C
21. D 21. A
22. A 22. D
23. B 23. B
24. B 24. A
25. C 25. B

16
 PRE-BOARD EXAMINATION
1. A player makes a two-step stop after receiving a pass. What is the player permitted to
do?
A. Pivot in any directions on the front foot.
B. Pivot in any directions on the back foot.
C. Pivot in any directions on either foot.
D. Pivot in any directions on both feet.

2. What is the purpose of arching shots toward the basket?

A. so the ball will go a longer distance
B. so the ball will be dropping into the basket
C. so there will be a less chance of a guard blocking the shot
D. so the players will have time to get into rebounding positions.

3. Where should the ball be in relation to the body when using a speed dribble?
A. in front
B. to the side when closely guarded
C. slightly toward the dribbling-hand side
D. in front and slightly toward the non dribbling-hand side

4. Where is the strike zone?

A. Between the shoulders and ankles and over the plate.
B. Between the neck and the top of the knees and over the plate.
C. Between the armpits and the top of the knees and over the plate.
D. Between the waist and the top of the knees and over the plate.

5. What is the most important thing to remember when catching a ball above the waist?
A. to catch with the gloved hand only
B. to wait for the ball to drop to waist level
C. to hold the hands out in front of the body
D. to keep the thumbs together and fingers pointed up

6. What position is best for fielding a ground ball?

A. side stride, one knee on the ground, glove waist high
B. forward stride, one knee on the ground, glove waist high
C. side stride, knees bent and hips lowered, glove touching the ground
D. forward stride, knees bent and hips lowered, glove touching the ground

7. Which parts of the hands supply the primary force in hitting an overhand pass?
A. the finger pads and thumbs
B. the finger pads of the last three fingers
C. the heels of the hands, finger pads, and thumbs
D. the thumbs and finger pads of the first two fingers

8. What movements contribute to the height of the jump in hitting a spike?

A. leg extension
B. arching of the back
C. upward movement of the arms
D. leg extension and upward movement of the arms

9. When should the blocker extend his or her arms upward for the block?
A. just before reaching the peak of the jump
B. as he or she jumps upward to block the ball
C. as the spiker begins the forward motion for the spike
D. as he or she moves into position to jump for the block

10. A player is blocking a spike. How far apart should the player’s thumbs be?
A. 1 to 2 inches
B. 6 inches apart
C. touching each other
D. slightly less than the width of the ball apart

17
 ANSWER KEY

1. B 6. D
2. B 7. D
3. A 8. D
4. C 9. B
5. D 10. A

TEAM SPORTS

ANALYZING TEST ITEMS

Table of Specifications

Competencies Recall the Identify the Bio- Interpret Item Number

Percentage
historical facilities and mechanic the basic Placement of Items
Topics background equipment al analysis rules of the
of the use in the of various sports
different sport sport skills
sports

Basketball

1. Historical 2 1, 4 2 8%
Development and
Origin of Basketball

2. Facilities and 1 5 1 28%

Equipment

3. Basic sport skills 5 6,7,8,9,10 5 20%

4. Basic Rules

Softball

1. Historical 1 11 1 4%
Development and
Origin of Basketball

2. Facilities and 2 2, 12 2 8%
Equipment

3. Basic sport 5 13,14,15,1 5 20%

skills 6,17

4. Basic Rules

Volleyball

1. Historical 1 18 1 28%
Development and
Origin of Basketball

2. Facilities and 1 19 1 28%

Equipment

3. Basic sport skills 7 3,20,21,22, 7 28%

23.24,25

4. Basic Rules

Number of Items 25 100%

18
 TEAM SPORTS

ENHANCING TEST TAKING SKILLS

Table of Specifications

Competencies Recall the Identify the Bio- Interpret Item Number

Percentage
historical facilities and mechanic the basic Placement of Items
Topics background equipment al analysis rules of the
of the use in the of various sports
different sport sport skills
sports

Basketball

1. Historical 2 1, 2 2 8%
Development and
Origin of Basketball

2. Facilities and
Equipment

3. Basic sport skills 3 3, 4, 5 3 12%

4. Basic Rules 3 6, 7, 8 3 12%

Softball

1. Historical 1 9 1 4%
Development and
Origin of Basketball

2. Facilities and 1 10 1 4%
Equipment

3. Basic sport 3 11, 12, 13 3 12%

skills

4. Basic Rules 3 14,15, 16 3 12%

Volleyball

1. Historical 2 17, 18 2 8%
Development and
Origin of Basketball

2. Facilities and 2 19, 20 2 8%

Equipment

3. Basic sport skills 2 21, 22 2 8%

4. Basic Rules 3 23, 24, 25 3 12%

Number of Items 25 100%

19